Countries and their capitals in English. Countries and nationalities in English with translation. Russian geographical names

Important aspect any language is the name of countries, nationalities and languages. In each language, these names are individual and reflect the grammatical and phonetic structure of the given language.

In this article, the names of countries, languages and nationalities in English will be provided with transcription and their translation into Russian. You will also find the capitals of all countries of the world, the names of the inhabitants and the nation and country.

Countries and capitals

Country name in English	Country name in Russian	Name of the country's capital in English	Name of the country's capital in Russian
Afghanistan [æfˈɡænᵻstæn]	Afghanistan	Kabul	Kabul
Albania	Albania	Tirana	Tirana
Algeria [ælˈdʒɪə.ri.ə]	Algeria	Algeria	Algeria
Andorra	Andorra	Andorra la Vella [ənˈdorə ɫə ˈβeʎə]	Andorra La Viella
Angola [æŋˈɡoʊlə]	Angola	Luanda	Luanda
Argentina [ɑːrdʒənˈtiːnə]	Argentina	Buenos Aires [ˈbweɪnəs ˈɛəriːz]	Buenos Aires
Armenia [ɑːrˈmiːniə]	Armenia	Yerevan	Yerevan
Australia [ɒˈstreɪliən]	Australia	Canberra	Canberra
Austria	Austria	Vienna	Vein
Azerbaijan [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːn]	Azerbaijan	Baku	Baku
Bahamas	Bahamas	Nassau	Nassau
Bahrain	Bahrain	Manama	Manama
Bangladesh	Bangladesh	Dhaka	Dhaka
Barbados	Barbados	Bridgetown	Bridgetown
Belarus [ˌbel.əˈruːs]	Belarus	Minsk	Minsk
Belgium	Belgium	Brussels	Brussels
Bhutan	Butane	Thimphu	Thimphu
Bolivia	Bolivia	Sucre	Sucre
Bosnia-Herzegovina [ˌbɒz.ni.əˌhɜːt.səˈɡɒv.ɪ.nə]	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Sarajevo	Sarajevo
Botswana	Botswana	Gaborone [χabʊˈrʊnɛ]	Gaborone
Brazil	Brazil	Brasilia	Brasilia
Britain	Britannia	—	—
Bulgaria	Bulgaria	Sofia	Sofia
Burma ( official name Myanmar)	Burma	Naypyidaw	Naypyitaw
Burundi	Burundi	Bujumbura	Bujumbura
Cambodia	Cambodia	Phnom Penh	Phnom Penh
Cameroon [ˌkæm.əˈruːn]	Cameroon	Yaoundé	Yaounde
Canada [ˈkæn.ə.də]	Canada	Ottawa	Ottawa
Cape Verde Islands	Cape Verde	Praia	Praia
Chad	Chad	N'Djamena [əndʒɑːˈmeɪnɑː]	N'Djamena
Chile	Chile	Santiago	Santiago
China	China	Beijing [ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ]	Beijing
Colombia	Colombia	Bogota [ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː]	Santa Fe De Bogota
Democratic Republic of the [ˈkɒŋ.ɡəʊ]	Democratic Republic Congo	Kinshasa	Kinshasa
Costa Rica [ˌkɒs.tə ˈriː.kə]	Costa Rica	San Jose	San Jose
Croatia	Croatia	Zagreb	Zagreb
Cuba	Cuba	Havana	Havana
Cyprus	Cyprus	Nicosia [ˌnɪkəˈsiːə ]	Nicosia
Czech Republic [ˌtʃek rɪˈpʌblɪk]	Czech	Prague	Prague
Denmark	Denmark	Copenhagen	Copenhagen
Dominican Republic	Dominican Republic	Santo Domingo [ˈsanto ðoˈmiŋɡo]	Santo Dominigo
Ecuador [ˈek.wə.dɔːr]	Ecuador	Quito	Quito
Egypt [ˈiː.dʒɪpt ]	Egypt	Cairo	Cairo
El Salvador [ˌel ˈsæl.və.dɔːr]	El Salvador	San Salvador [ˌsæn ˈsæl.və.dɔːr ]	San Salvador
England [ˈɪŋ.ɡlənd]	England	—	—
Eritrea	Eritrea	Asmara	Asmara
Estonia	Estonia	Tallinn	Tallinn
Ethiopia	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	Addis Ababa
Fiji [ˈfiː.dʒiː ]	Fiji	Suva	Suva
Finland	Finland	Helsinki	Helsinki
France	France	Paris	Paris
Gabon	Gabon	Libreville	Libreville
Gambia, the [ˈɡæm.bi.ə ]	Gambia	Banjul	Banjul
Georgia	Georgia	Tbilisi	Tbilisi
Germany [ˈdʒɜː.mə.ni ]	Germany	Berlin	Berlin
Ghana	Ghana	Accra	Accra
Greece	Greece	Athens	Athens
Grenada [ɡrəˈneɪ.də]	Grenada	St. George's	St. George's
Guatemala [ɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə ]	Guatemala	Guatemala City [ɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə]	Guatemala
Guinea	Guinea	Conakry	Conakry
Guyana [ɡaɪˈæn.ə]	Guyana	Georgetown	Georgetown
Haiti	Haiti	Port-au-Prince [ˌpɔːrtoʊˈprɪns ]	Port-au-Prince
Holland ( also Netherlands)	Holland, Netherlands	Amsterdam [ˈæmstərdæm]	Amsterdam
Honduras	Honduras	Tegucigalpa	Tegucigalpa
Hungary [ˈhʌŋ.ɡər.i]	Hungary	Budapest	Budapest
Iceland	Iceland	Reykjavik [ˈreiːcaˌviːk]	Reykjavik
India	India	New Delhi [ˌnjuː ˈdɛli]	New Delhi
Indonesia [ˌɪn.dəˈniː.ʒə ]	Indonesia	Jakarta	Jakarta
Iran	Iran	Tehran	Tehran
Iraq	Iraq	Baghdad	Baghdad
Ireland, Republic of [ˈaɪə.lənd ]	Ireland	Dublin	Dublin
Italy	Italy	Rome	Rome
Jamaica	Jamaica	Kingston	Kingston
Japan	Japan	Tokyo	Tokyo
Jordan [ˈdʒɔː.dən]	Jordan	Amman	Amman
Kazakhstan [ˌkæz.ækˈstɑːn ]	Kazakhstan	Astana [əsˈtɑːnə]	Astana
Kenya	Kenya	Nairobi	Nairobi
Kuwait	Kuwait	Kuwait City	Kuwait City
Laos	Laos	Vientiane	Vientiane
Latvia	Latvia	Riga	Riga
Lebanon	Lebanon	Beirut	Beirut
Libya	Libya	Tripoli	Tripoli
Liechtenstein [ˈlɪk.tən.staɪn ]	Liechtenstein	Vaduz	Vaduz
Lithuania [ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ə ]	Lithuania	Vilnius [ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs]	Vilnius
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Luxembourg [ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ]	Luxembourg
Macedonia [ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.ni.ə ]	Macedonia	Skopje	Skopje
Madagascar [ˌmæd.əˈɡæs.kər ]	Madagascar	Antananarivo [ˌæntəˌnænəˈriːvoʊ ]	Antananarivo
Malawi	Malawi	Lilongwe	Lilongwe
Malaysia	Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur [ˈkwɑːləˈlʊmpʊər]	Kuala Lumpur
Maldives [ˈmɔːl.diːvz ]	Maldives	Male	Male
Mali	Mali	Bamako	Bamako
Malta	Malta	Valletta	Valletta
Mauritania [ˌmɒr.ɪˈteɪ.ni.ə ]	Mauritania	Nouakchott	Nouakchott
Mauritius	Mauritius	Port Louis	Port Louis
Mexico [ˈmek.sɪ.kəʊ ]	Mexico	Mexico City [ˈmek.sɪ.kəʊ siti]	Mexico City
Moldova	Moldova	Chisinau	Kishinev
Monaco [ˈmɒn.ə.kəʊ ]	Monaco	Monaco	Monaco
Mongolia	Mongolia	Ulaanbaatar	Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro [ˌmɒn.tɪˈniː.ɡrəʊ ]	Montenegro	Podgorica [ˈpɒdɡəriːtsə ]	Podgorica
Morocco	Morocco	Rabat	Rabat
Mozambique [ˌməʊ.zæmˈbiːk ]	Mozambique	Maputo	Maputo
Namibia	Namibia	Windhoek	Windhoek
Nepal	Nepal	Kathmandu [ˌkɑːtmɑːnˈduː ]	Kathmandu
Netherlands, the ( see Holland) [ˈneð.ɚ.ləndz ]	Netherlands, Holland	Amsterdam [ˈæmstərdæm]	Amsterdam
New Zealand [ˌnjuː ˈziː.lənd ]	New Zealand	Wellington [ˈwɛlɪŋtən]	Wellington
Nicaragua	Nicaragua	Managua	Managua
Nigeria	Niger	Niamey	Niamey
Nigeria	Nigeria	Abuja	Abuja
North Korea [ˌnɔːθ kəˈriː.ə ]	North Korea	Pyongyang [ˈpjɒŋˈjæŋ]	Pyongyang
Norway	Norway	Oslo	Oslo
Pakistan [ˌpɑː.kɪˈstɑːn ]	Pakistan	Islamabad [ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd]	Islambad
Panama [ˈpæn.ə.mɑː ]	Panama	Panama City	Panama
Papua New Guinea	Papua New Guinea	Port Moresby [ˌpɔərt ˈmɔərzbi ]	Port Moresby
Paraguay [ˈpær.ə.ɡwaɪ ]	Paraguay	Asuncion	Asuncion
Peru	Peru	Lima	Lima
the Philippines [ˈfɪl.ɪ.piːnz ]	Philippines	Manila	Manila
Poland [ˈpəʊ.lənd ]	Poland	Warsaw	Warsaw
Portugal [ˈpɔː.tʃə.ɡəl ]	Portugal	Lisbon	Lisbon
Qatar	Qatar	Doha	Doha
Romania	Romania	Bucharest [ˈbjuːkərɛst]	Bucharest
Russia	Russia	Moscow	Moscow
Rwanda	Rwanda	Kigali	Kigali
Saudi Arabia [ˌsaʊ.di əˈreɪ.bi.ə ]	Saudi Arabia	Riyadh	Riyadh
Scotland [ˈskɒt.lənd ]	Scotland	Edinburgh [ˈɛdɪnbərə]	Edinburgh
Senegal [ˌsen.ɪˈɡɔːl ]	Senegal	Dakar [dɑːˈkɑːr]	Dakar
Serbia	Serbia	Belgrade [ˈbɛlɡreɪd]	Belgrade
Seychelles, the	Seychelles	Victoria	Victoria
Sierra Leone	Sierra Leone	Freetown	Freetown
Singapore [ˈsɪŋɡəpɔːr]	Singapore	Singapore [ˈsɪŋɡəpɔːr]	Singapore
Slovakia	Slovakia	Bratislava [ˌbrætᵻˈslɑːvə ]	Bratislava
Slovenia	Slovenia	Ljubljana	Ljubljana
Somalia	Somalia	Mogadishu	Mogadishu
South Africa [ˌsaʊθ ˈæf.rɪ.kə ]	Republic of South Africa	Pretoria	Pretoria
South Korea [ˌsaʊθ kəˈriː.ə ]	South Korea	Seoul	Seoul
Spain	Spain	Madrid	Madrid
Sri Lanka [ˌsriː ˈlæŋ.kə ]	Sri Lanka	Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte	Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte
Sudan	Sudan	Khartoum	Khartoum
Suriname [ˌsʊə.rɪˈnæm]	Suriname	Paramaribo [ˌpaːraːˈmaːriboː]	Paramaribo
Swaziland [ˈswɑː.zi.lænd ]	Swaziland	Mbabane [(əm)bɑˈbɑn(i)]	Mbabane
Sweden	Sweden	Stockholm	Stockholm
Switzerland [ˈswɪt.sə.lənd ]	Switzerland	Bern	Berne
Syria	Syria	Damascus	Damascus
Taiwan	Taiwan	Taipei	Taipei
Tajikistan	Tajikistan	Dushanbe	Dushanbe
Tanzania [ˌtæn.zəˈniː.ə ]	Tanzania	Dodoma	Dodoma
Thailand [ˈtaɪ.lænd]	Thailand	Bangkok	Bangkok
Togo [ˈtəʊ.ɡəʊ]	Togo	Lome	Lome
Trinidad and Tobago [ˌtrɪn.ɪ.dæd ənd təˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ ]	Trinidad and Tobago	Port of Spain	Port of Spain
Tunisia [ˈtʃuː.nɪz.i.ə ]	Tunisia	Tunis	Tunisia
Turkey	Türkiye	Ankara	Ankara
Turkmenistan [ˌtɜːkˌmen.ɪˈstɑːn ]	Turkmenistan	Ashgabat	Ashgabat
Tuvalu	Tuvalu	Funafuti	Funafuti
Uganda	Uganda	Kampala	Kampala
Ukraine	Ukraine	Kiev	Kyiv
United Arab Emirates (UAE)	United Arab Emirates	Abu Dhabi [ˈɑːbuː ˈdɑːbi]	Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom (UK)	United Kingdom	London	London
United States of America (USA) [ˌjʊ.naɪ.tɪd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmer.ɪ.kə]	USA	Washington, D.C. [ˌwɒʃ.ɪŋ.tən]	Washington
Uruguay [ˈjʊə.rə.ɡwaɪ]	Uruguay	Montevideo	Montevideo
Uzbekistan [ʊzˌbek.ɪˈstɑːn]	Uzbekistan	Tashkent [ˌtæʃˈkɛnt]	Tashkent
Vatican City [ˌvæt.ɪ.kən ˈsɪt.i]	Vatican	Vatican City	Vatican
Venezuela [ˌven.ɪˈzweɪ.lə]	Venezuela	Caracas	Caracas
Vietnam	Vietnam	Hanoi	Hanoi
Wales	Wales	Cardiff	Cardiff
Yemen	Yemen	Sana'a	Sana
Zambia	Zambia	Lusaka	Lusaka
Zimbabwe	Zimbabwe	Harare	Harare

Main languages and adjective denoting country affiliation

The main language of the country is English	The main language of the country is Russian	Adjective in English	Adjective in Russian
Dari	Pashto, Dari	Afghan	Afghan
Albanian [ælˈbeɪniən]	Albanian	Albanian	Albanian
Arabic	Arab	Algerian [ælˈdʒɪə.ri.ən]	Algerian
Catalan	Catalan	Andorran [ænˈdɔːrən]	Andorran
Portuguese	Portuguese	Angolan [æŋˈɡoʊlən]	Angolan
Spanish	Spanish	Argentinian [ɑːrdʒənˈtiːniən]	Argentinian
Armenian [ɑːrˈmiːniən]	Armenian	Armenian	Armenian
English	English	Australian	Australian
German	German	Austrian	Austrian
Azerbaijani [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːni]	Azerbaijani	Azerbaijan [ˌæz.ə.baɪˈdʒɑːnian]	Azerbaijani
English	English	Bahamian	Bahamian
Arabic	Arab	Bahraini	Bahraini
bangla	Bengal	Bangladeshi	Bangladeshi
Bajan	Beijan, English	Barbadian	Barbadian
Belarusian [ˌbel.əˈruːs]	Belarusian, Russian	Belarusian or Belarusan	Belorussian
French	French	Belgian	Belgian
Dzongkha	Dzongkha (Bhotia)	Bhutanese	Bhutanese
Spanish	Spanish, Aymara, Quechua	Bolivian	Bolivian
Bosnian	Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian	Bosnian	Bosnian
Tswana	English, Tswana	Botswanan	Botsavanan
Portuguese	Portuguese	Brazilian	Brazilian
English	English	British	British
Bulgarian	Bulgarian	Bulgarian	Bulgarian
Burmese	Burmese	Burmese	Burmese
Kirundi and French	Kirundi, French	Burundian	Burundian
Khmer	Khmer	Cambodian	Cambodian
French	French, English	Cameroonian	Cameroonian
French	French, English	Canadian	Canadian
Portuguese	Portuguese	Cape Verdean	Caboverdian
French	French, Arabic	Chadian	Chadian
Spanish	Spanish	Chilean	Chilean
Standard Chinese	Chinese	Chinese	Chinese
Spanish	Spanish	Colombian	Colombian
French	French	Congolese	Kongese
Spanish	Spanish	Costa Rican	Costa Rican
Croatian	Croatian	Croat or Croatian	Croatian
Spanish	Spanish	Cuban	Cuban
Greek	Greek, Turkish	Cypriot	Cypriot
Czech	Czech	Czech	Czech
Danish	Danish	Danish	Danish
Spanish	Spanish	Dominican	Dominican
Spanish	Spanish	Ecuadorean	Ecuadorian
Arabic	Arab	Egyptian	Egyptian
Spanish	Spanish	Salvadorean	Elsalvadorian
English	English	English	English
Tigrinya	Tigrinya, Arabic	Eritrean	Eritrean
Estonian	Estonian	Estonian	Estonian
Amharic	Amharic	Ethiopian	Ethiopian
English	English	Fijian	Fijian
Finnish	Finnish	Finnish	Finnish
French	French	French	French
French	French	Gabonese	Gabonese
English	English	Gambian	Gambian
Georgian	Georgian	Georgian	Georgian
German	German	German	German
English	English	Ghanaian	Ghanaian
Greek	Greek	Greek	Greek
English	English	Grenadian	Grenadian
Spanish	Spanish	Guatemalan	Guatemalan
French	French	Guinean	Guinean
English	English	Guyanese	Guyanese
French	French	Haitian	Haitian
Dutch	Dutch	Dutch	Dutch
Spanish	Spanish	Honduran	Honduran
Magyar (Hungarian)	Hungarian	Hungarian	Hungarian
Icelandic	Icelandic	Icelandic	Icelandic
Hindi English	Hindi, English	Indian	Indian
Bahasa Indonesia	Indonesian	Indonesian	Indonesian
Persian	Persian	Iranian	Iranian
Arabic	Arabic, Kurdish	Iraqi	Iraqi
English, Irish (Gaelic)	Irish, English	Irish	Irish
Italian	Italian	Italian	Italian
English	English	Jamaican	Jamaican
Japanese	Japanese	Japanese	Japanese
Arabic	Arab	Jordanian	Jordan
Kazakh	Kazakhstani	Kazakh	Kazakhstani
English	Swahili, English	Kenyan	Kenyan
Arabic	Arab	Kuwaiti	Kuwaiti
Lao	Laotian	Laotian	Laotian
Latvian	Latvian	Latvian	Latvian
Arabic	Arab	Lebanese	Lebanese
Arabic	Arab	Libyan	Libyan
German	German	—	Liechtenstein
Lithuanian	Lithuanian	Lithuanian	Lithuanian
Luxermbourgish	German, French	Luxermbourgish	Luxembourgish
Macedonian	Macedonian	Macedonian	Macedonian
Malagasy and French	Malagasy, French	Malagasy or Madagascan	Madagascar
Chichewa	English, Chichewa	Malawian	Malawian
Bahasa Melayu	Malaysian	Malaysian	Malaysian
Maldivian Dhivehi	Maldivian (Dhivehi)	Maldivian	Maldivian
French	French	Malian	Malian
French	Maltese, English	Maltese	Maltese
Hassaniya Arabic	Arab	Mauritanian	Mauritanian
English	English	Mauritian	Mauritian
Spanish	Spanish	Mexican	Mexican
Moldovan	Moldavian	Moldovan	Moldavian
French	French	Monégasque or Monacan	Monegasque
Mongolian	Mongolian	Mongolian	Mongolian
Serbian Montenegrin	Serbian	Montenegrin	Montenegrin
Arabic	Arab	Moroccan	Moroccan
Portuguese	Portuguese	Mozambican	Mozambican
English	English	Namibian	Namibian
Nepali	Nepali	Nepalese	Nepali
Dutch, Frisian	Dutch	Dutch	Dutch
English	English	New Zealand (used attributively only, as in New Zealand butter but not He is New Zealand)	New Zealand
Spanish	Spanish	Nicaraguan	Nicaragua
French	French	Nigeria	nigerian
Spanish	English	Nigerian	Nigerian
Korean	Korean	North Korean	North Korean
Norwegian	Norwegian	Norwegian	Norwegian
Urdu	English, Urdu	Pakistani	Pakistani
Spanish	Spanish	Panamanian	Panamanian
English	English	Papua New Guinean or Guinean	Guinean
Spanish, Guarani	Spanish, Guarani	Paraguayan	Paraguayan
Spanish Quechua	Spanish, Aymara, Quechua	Peruvian	Peruvian
Filipino	English, Tagalog	Philippines	Philippine
Polish	Polish	Polish	Polish
Portuguese	Portuguese	Portuguese	Portuguese
Arabic	Arab	Qatari	Qatari
Romanian	Romanian	Romanian	Romanian
Russian	Russian	Russian	Russian, Russian
English and French	English French	Rwandan	Rwandan
Arabic	Arab	Saudi Arabian or Saudi	Arabian
Scottish	Scottish	Scottish	Scottish
Scottish	French	Senegalese	Senegalese
Serbian	Serbian	Serb or Serbian	Serbian
Seselwa Creole	English, Creole,	Seychellois	Seychellois
English	English	Sierra Leonian	Leonsky
Malay	Malay, English,	Singaporean	Singaporean
Slovak	Slovak	Slovak	Slovak
Slovenian	Slovenian	Slovene or Slovenian	Slovenian
Somalia	Somali, Arabic	Somalia	Somali
Afrikaans	English, Afrikaans	South African	South African
Korean	Korean	South Korean	South Korean
Spanish	Spanish	Spanish	Spanish
Sinhala	Sinhala, Tamil	Sri Lankan	Sri Lankan
Arabic	Arab	Sudanese	Sudanese
Dutch	Dutch	Surinamese	Surinamese
English	English, Swazi	Swazi	Swaziland
Swedish	Swedish	Swedish	Swedish
German French Italian Romansch	German, French, Italian, Romansh	Swiss	Swiss
Arabic	Arab	Syrian	Syrian
Chinese	Chinese	Taiwanese	Taiwanese
Tajik	Tajik	Tajik or Tadjik	Tajik
Swahili English	Swahili, English	Tanzanian	Tanzanian
Thai	Thai	Thai	Thai
French	French	Togolese	Togsky
English	English	Trinidadian Tobagan Tobagonian	Trinidadian
Arabic	Arab	Tunisian	Tunisian
Turkish	Turkish	Turkish	Turkish
Turkish	Turkmen	Turkmen or Turkoman	Turkmen
English	English	Tuvaluan	Tuvalian
English	English	Ugandan	Ugandan
Ukrainian	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	Ukrainian
Arabic	Arab	UAE or Emirates	Arab
English	English	UK (used attributively only, as in UK time but not He is UK) or British	—
English	English	US (used attributively only, as in US aggression but not He is US)	American
Spanish	Spanish	Uruguayan	Uruguayan
Uzbek	Uzbek	Uzbek	Uzbek
Italian Latin	Latin, Italian	—	Vatican
Spanish	Spanish	Venezuelan	Venezuelan
Vietnamese	Vietnamese	Vietnamese	Vietnamese
Welsh	Welsh	Welsh	Welsh
Arabic	Arab	Yemeni	Yemeni
English	English	Zambian	Zambian
English	English	Zimbabwean	Zimbabwean

Nationalities and names of residents

Nationality name in English	Name of nationality in Russian	Resident's name in English	Resident's name in Russian
the Afghan	Afghans	an Afghan	Afghan
the Albanian	Albanians	an Albanian	Albanian
the Algerian	Algerians	an Algerian	Algerian
the Andorran	Andorrans	an Andorran	Andorran
the Angolan	Angolans	an Angolan	Angolan
the Argentinian	Argentines	an Argentinian	Argentinean
the Armenian	Armenians	an Armenian	Armenian
the Australian	Australians	an Australian	Australian
the Austrian	Austrians	an Austrian	Austrian
the Azerbaijani	Azerbaijanis	an Azerbaijani	Azerbaijani
the Bahamian	Bahamians	a Bahamian	Bahamian
the Bahraini	Bahrainis	a Bahraini	Bahraini
the Bangladeshi	Bangladeshis	a Bangladeshi	Bangladeshi
the Barbadian	Barbadians	a Barbadian	Barbadian
the Belarusian or the Belarusan	Belarusians	a Belarusian or a Belarusan	Belarusian
the Belgian	Belgians	a Belgian	Belgian
the Bhutanese	Bhutanese	a Bhutanese	Bhutanese
the Bolivian	Bolivians	a Bolivian	Bolivian
the Bosnian	Bosnians	a Bosnian	Bosnian
the Tswana	Botsawans	a Tswana	Botswana
the Brazilian	Brazilians	a Brazilian	Brazilian
the Briton	British	a Briton	British
the Bulgarian	Bulgarians	a Bulgarian	Bulgarian
the Burmese	Burmese	a Burmese	Burmese
the Burundian	Burundians	a Burundian	Burundian
the Cambodian	Cambodians	a Cambodian	Cambodian
the Cameroonian	Cameroonians	a Cameroonian	Cameroonian
the Canadian	Canadians	a Canadian	Canadian
the Cape Verdean	Residents of Cape Verde	a Cape Verdean	Cape Verdean
the Chadian	Resident of Chad	a Chadian	Resident of Chad
the Chilean	Chileans	a Chilean	Chilean
the Chinese	Chinese	a Chinese	Chinese
the Colombian	Colombians	a Colombian	Colombian
the Congolese	People of Congo	a Congolese	Congo resident
the Costa Rican	Costa Ricans	a Costa Rican	Costa Rican
the Croat or the Croatian	Croats	a Croat or a Croatian	Croat
the Cuban	Cubans	a Cuban	Cuban
the Cypriot	Residents of Cyprus	a Cypriot	Resident of Cyprus
the Czech	Czechs	a Czech	Czech
the Dane	Danes	a Dane	Dane
the Dominican	Dominicans	a Dominican	Dominican
the Ecuadorean	Ecuadorians	an Ecuadorean	Ecuadorian
the Egyptian	Egyptians	an Egyptian	Egyptian
the Salvadorean	Residents of El Salvador	a Salvadorean	Resident of El Salvador
the English	English	an Englishman, an Englishwoman	Englishman
an Eritrean	Eritrians	an Eritrean	Eritrean
the Estonian	Estonians	an Estonian	Estonian
the Ethiopian	Eiteli of Ethiopia	an Ethiopian	Resident of Ethiopia
the Fijian	Residents of Fiji	the Fijian	Resident of Fiji
the Finn	Finns	a Finn	Finn
the Frenchmen	French people	a Frenchman, a Frenchwoman	Frenchman
the Gabonese	Gabonese	a Gabonese	Gabonese
the Gambian	Gambians	a Gambian	Gambian
the Georgian	Georgians	a Georgian	Georgian
the German	Germans	a German	German
the Ghanaian	Residents of Ghana	a Ghanaian	Ghanaian
the Greek	Greeks	a Greek	Greek
the Grenadian	Residents of Grenada	a Grenadian	Grenadian
the Guatemalan	Guatemalans	a Guatemalan	Guatemalan
the Guinean	Guineans	a Guinean	Guinean
the Guyanese	Guyanese	a Guyanese	Guyanese
the Haitian	Haitians	a Haitian	Haitian
the Dutchmen	Dutch	a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman	Dutchman
the Honduran	Residents of Honduras	a Honduran	Honduran
the Hungarian	Hungarians	a Hungarian	Hungarian
the Icelander	Icelanders	an Icelander	Icelander
the Indian	Indians	an Indian	Indian
the Indonesian	Indonesians	an Indonesian	Indonesian
the Iranian	Iranians	an Iranian	Iranian
the Iraqi	Iraqis	an Iraqi	Iraqi
the Irishmen	Irish	an Irishman, an Irishwoman	Irishman
the Italian	Italians	an Italian	Italian
the Jamaican	Jamaicans	a Jamaican	Jamaican
the Japanese	Japanese	a Japanese	Japanese
the Jordanian	Jordanians	a Jordanian	Jordanian
the Kazakh	Kazakhs	a Kazakh	Kazakh
the Kenyan	Kenyans	a Kenyan	Kenyan
the Kuwaiti	Residents of Kuwait	a Kuwait	Resident of Kuwait
the Laotian	Laotians	a Laotian	Laotian
the Latvian	Latvians	a Latvian	Latvian
the Lebanese	Lebanese	a Lebanese	Lebanese
the Libyan	Libyans	a Libyan	Libyan
the Liechtensteiner	Residents of Liechtenstein	a Liechtensteiner	Resident of Liechtenstein
the Lithuanian	Lithuanians	a Lithuanian	Lithuanian
the Luxemburger	Luxembourgers	a Luxemburger	Luxembourger
the Macedonian	Macedonians	a Macedonian	Macedonian
the Malagasy or the Madagascan	Madagascars	a Malagasy or a Madagascan	Madagascan
the Malawian	Malawians	a Malawian	Malawian
the Malaysian	Malaysians	a Malaysian	Malaysian
the Maldivian	Residents of the Maldives	a Maldivian	Resident of the Maldives
the Malian	Malians	a Malian	Malian
the Maltese	Maltese	a Maltese	Maltese
the Mauritanian	Mauritanians	a Mauritanian	Mauritanian
the Mauritian	Mauritians	a Mauritian	Mauritian
the Mexican	Mexicans	a Mexican	Mexican
the Moldovan	Moldovans	a Moldovan	Moldavian
the Monégasque or the Monacan	Residents of Monaco	a Monégasque or a Monacan	Resident of Monaco
the Mongolian	Mongols	a Mongolian	Mongol
the Montenegrin	Montenegrins	a Montenegrin	Montenegrin
the Moroccan	Moroccans	a Moroccan	Moroccan
the Mozambican	Mozambicans	a Mozambican	Mozambique
the Namibian	Namibians	a Namibian	Namibian
the Nepalese	Nepalese	a Nepalese	Nepalese
the Dutchmen or the Netherlander	Dutch	a Dutchman, a Dutchwoman, or a Netherlander	Dutchman
the New Zealander	New Zealanders	a New Zealander	New Zealander
the Nicaraguan	Residents of Nicaragua	a Nicaraguan	Nicaraguan
the Nigeria	Residents of Niger	a Nigeria	Resident of Niger
the Nigerian	Nigerians	a Nigerian	Nigerian
the North Korean	Koreans	a North Korean	Korean
the Norwegian	Norse	a Norwegian	Norwegian
the Pakistani	Pakistanis	a Pakistani	Pakistani
the Panamanian	Panamanians	a Panamanian	Panamanian
the Papua New Guinean or the Guinean	Guineans	a Papua New Guinean or a Guinean	Guinean
the Paraguayan	Paraguayans	a Paraguayan	Paraguayan
the Peruvian	Residents of Peru	a Peruvian	Resident of Peru
the Filipino	Filipinos	a Filipino	Filipino
the Pole	Poles	a Pole	Pole
the Portuguese	Portuguese	a Portuguese	Portuguese
the Qatari	Qataris	a Qatari	Qatari
the Romanian	Romanians	a Romanian	Romanian
the Russian	Russians	a Russian	Russian
the Rwandan	Rwandans	a Rwandan	Rwandan
the Saudi Arabian or the Saudi	Arabians	a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi	Arabian
the Scot	Scots	a Scot	Scotsman
the Senegalese	Senegalese	a Senegalese	Senegalese
the Serb or the Serbian	Serbs	a Serb or a Serbian	Serb
the Seychellois	Seychellois	A Seychellois	Seychellois
the Sierra Leonian	Leonians	the Sierra Leonian	Leonets
the Singaporean	Residents of Singapore	a Singaporean	Resident of Singapore
the Slovak	Slovaks	a Slovak	Slovak
the Slovene or the Slovenian	Slovenians	a Slovene or the Slovenian	Slovenian
the Somali	Somalis	a Somali	Somali
the South African	South Africans	a South African	South African
the South Korean	Koreans	A South Korean	Korean
the Spaniard	Spaniards	A Spaniard	Hispanic
the Sri Lankan	People of Sri Lanka	a Sri Lankan	Resident of Sri Lanka
the Sudanese	Sudanese	A Sudanese	Sudanese
the Surinamer or the Surinamese	Surinamese	a Surinamer or a Surinamese	Surinamese
the Swazi	Swazis	a Swazi	Swazi
the Swede	Swedes	A Swede	Swede
the Swiss	Swiss	a Swiss	Swiss
the Syrian	Syrians	a Syrian	Syrian
the Taiwanese	Taiwanese	a Taiwanese	Taiwanese
the Tajik or the Tajik	Tajikistan	a Tajik or the Tajik	Tajikistani
the Tanzanian	Tanzanians	a Tanzanian	Tanzanian
the Thai	Thais	a Thai	Thai
the Togolese	Residents of Togo	a Togolese	Resident of Togo
the Trinidadian the Tobagan the Tobagonian	Residents of Trinidad and Tobago	a Trinidadian a Tobagan a Tobagonian	Resident of Trinidad and Tobago
the Tunisian	Tunisians	a Tunisian	Tunisian
the Turk	Turks	a Turk	Turk
the Turkmen	Turkmen people	a Turkmen or a Turkoman	Turkmenistan
the Tuvaluan	Residents of Tuvalu	aTuvaluan	Resident of Tuvalu
the Ugandan	Ugandans	a Ugandan	Ugandan
the Ukrainian	Ukrainians	a Ukrainian	Ukrainian
the Emirati	Arabs	an Emirati	Arab
the Briton	Residents of the United Kingdom	a Briton	Resident of the United Kingdom
the US citizens	Americans	a US citizen	American
the Uruguayan	Uruguayans	a Uruguayan	Uruguayan
the Uzbek	Uzbek people	an Uzbek	Uzbekistani
—	Vaticans	—	Vatican
the Venezuelan	Venezuelans	a Venezuelan	Venezuelan
the Vietnamese	Vietnamese	A Vietnamese	Vietnamese
the Welshmen	Residents of Wales	A Welshman, a Welshwoman	Welshman
the Yemeni	People of Yemen	a Yemeni	Resident of Yemen
the Zambian	Zambians	a Zambian	Zabmiets
the Zimbabwean	Residents of Zimbabwe	A Zimbabwean	Zimbabwean

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This material is intended as pronunciation help for learners of English. The material contains an alphabetical list of names of countries, capitals, and some large cities, with pronunciation in the form of phonetic transcription.

This material is intended as a pronunciation aid for English language learners. Material contains alphabetical list names of countries, capitals and some large cities, with pronunciation in the form of phonetic transcription.

Pronunciation of some other geographical names (largest seas, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc.) can be found in the material in the section Miscellany. (Inhabitants, nationalities – see in the section Grammar.)

The pronunciation of some other geographical names (largest seas, rivers, lakes, mountains, etc.) can be found in the material "The Largest in the World" in the Miscellany section. (Residents, nationalities - see Articles with Proper Names in the Grammar section.)

Transcription

[θ] as in THINK; [ð] as in THIS;

– SHE;

– VISION;

– RICH; [j] – JANE; [ŋ] – LONG; [y] – YES;

As in CAR; [æ] as in CAT;

– SEE; [i] – ILL; [e] – GET;

– MORE; [o] – LOT; – BLUE;– USE; [u] – BOOK; [ʌ] – CUT; [ə] – AWAY; [ər] – SIR;

As in CAR; [æ] as in CAT;

– SEE; [i] – ILL; [e] – GET;

– MORE; [o] – LOT;

– BLUE;

– USE; [u] – BOOK; [ʌ] – CUT; [ə] – AWAY; [ər] – SIR;

As in DAY;

as in MINE;

– OUT;

– BOY;

Differences between British and American pronunciation of countries and cities usually occur in cases of [r] sounds after vowels. For example: Norway ["no:rwei] (AmE) – Norway ["no:wei] (BrE); Serbia ["sərbiə] (AmE) – Serbia ["sə:biə] (BrE); Algiers [æl"ji:rz], [æl"jirz] (AmE) – Algiers [æl"jiəz] (BrE).

The conjunction "and" in geographical names may be pronounced [ænd] (formal pronunciation); [ənd] or [ən]. The word "Saint" in geographical names may be written as "St." but is always pronounced.

The conjunction "and" in place names may be pronounced [ænd] (official pronunciation); [ənd] or [ən]. The word "Saint" in place names can be written as "St.", but is always pronounced .

It is usually recommended that learners of English use the first pronunciation variant indicated in the dictionary, as it is usually the most common.

Russian geographical names

English dictionaries usually indicate more than one variant of pronunciation for those geographical names that came into English from Russian.

English dictionaries Usually more than one pronunciation option is indicated for those geographical names that entered the English language from the Russian language.

Differences between variants are often connected with the pronunciation of the endings "tia, zia, sia, ov, ev" and with the choice of , [æ] or for the letter "a". Note that the combination "kh" for the Russian sound [h] is usually pronounced [k], rarely [h].

Differences between variants often involve the pronunciation of the endings "tia, zia, sia, ov, ev" and the choice of , [æ] or for the letter "a". Please note that the combination “kh” for the Russian sound [h] is usually pronounced [k], rarely [h].

Compare these variants of English pronunciation of Russian names of countries and cities: Kazakhstan [,ka:za:k"sta:n], [,ka:za:k"stæn], [,kæzək"stæn]; Abkhazia [æb" keizhə], [æb"keiziə], ; South Ossetia ["sauθ ou"si:shə], ["sauθ o"si:shə], ["sauθ o"setiə]; Rostov , , ; Kazan , , ; Arkhangelsk , .

Compare the English pronunciation options for Russian names of countries and cities: Kazakhstan [,ka:za:k"sta:n], [,ka:za:k"stæn], [,kæzək"stæn] (Kazakhstan); Abkhazia [æb"keizhə ], [æb"keiziə], (Abkhazia); South Ossetia ["sauθ ou"si:shə], ["sauθ o"si:shə], ["sauθ o"setiə] (South Ossetia); Rostov, , ( Rostov); Kazan, (Kazan); Arkhangelsk, (Arkhangelsk).

For Russian-speaking learners of English, it may be preferable to choose the variant that is closer to Russian pronunciation and spelling. For example: Arkhangelsk ; Kazan; Rostov.

For Russian-speaking English language learners, the option that is closer to Russian pronunciation and spelling may be preferable. For example: Arkhangelsk; Kazan; Rostov.

About the list below

The list below contains the names of the UN member states and observer states. Language learners also need to study the pronunciation and spelling of the names of many other countries and cities.

The list below contains the names of UN member states and observer states. Language learners also need to learn the pronunciation and spelling of many other countries and cities.

The list contains short names of the countries and the names of their capitals and of some large cities. Some former names are indicated in parentheses. In most cases, one variant of pronunciation for each name is indicated in the list.

The list contains short names of countries and the names of their capitals and some major cities. Some former names are shown in parentheses. In most cases, one pronunciation option for each name is listed.

Countries – Cities

Afghanistan [æf"gænistæn] – Kabul ["ka:bul], ;

Afghanistan - Kabul;

Albania [æl"beiniə] – Tirana;

Albania – Tirana;

Algeria [æl"ji:riə] – Algiers [æl"ji:rz];

Algiers – Algeria;

Andorra [æn"do:rə] – Andorra la Vella [æn"do:rə lə "velya:];

Andorra – Andorra la Vella;

Angola [æŋ"goulə] – Luanda;

Angola - Luanda;

Antigua and Barbuda [æn"ti:gwə ənd ba:r"bu:də] – St. John"s [,seint "jonz];

Antigua and Barbuda - St. John's;

Argentina [,a:rjən"ti:nə] – Buenos Aires ["bweinəs "eəriz]; Rosario ; Cordoba ["ko:rdo:va:]; La Plata;

Argentina – Buenos Aires; Rosario; Cordoba; La Plata;

Armenia – Yerevan;

Australia – Canberra ["kænberə]; Sydney ["sidni]; Melbourne ["melbərn]; Brisbane ["brizbein];

Australia - Canberra; Sydney; Melbourne; Brisbane;

Austria ["o:striə] – Vienna; Graz; Salzburg ["so:lzbərg]; Innsbruck ["inzbruk];

Austria Vienna; Graz; Salzburg; Innsbruck;

Azerbaijan [,a:zərbai"ja:n] – Baku;

Azerbaijan, Baku;

Bahamas – Nassau ["næso:];

Bahamas - Nassau;

Bahrain, Bahrain, – Manama;

Bahrain – Manama;

Bangladesh [,bæŋglə"desh] – Dhaka ["da:kə];

Bangladesh - Dhaka;

Barbados – Bridgetown ["brijtown];

Barbados - Bridgetown;

Belarus, Byelarus [,bela:"rus] (Belorussia, Byelorussia [,belə"rʌshə]) – Minsk ; Gomel ["go:mel]; Mogilev [,mogi"lyo:v]; Vitebsk ["vi:tebsk]; Grodno ["gro:dno];

Belarus (Belarus) – Minsk; Gomel; Mogilev; Vitebsk; Grodno;

Belgium ["beljəm] – Brussels ["brʌsəlz]; Antwerp ["æntwərp];

Belgium – Brussels; Antwerp;

Belize – Belmopan [,belmou"pa:n];

Belize - Belmopan;

Benin – Porto Novo ["po:rtou "nouvou];

Benin – Porto Novo;

Bhutan – Thimbu, Thimphu ["timbu:], [θim"bu:];

Bhutan – Thimphu;

Bolivia – Sucre ["su:kre]; La Paz; Santa Cruz ["sæntə"kru:z];

Bolivia - Sucre; La Paz; Santa Cruz;

Bosnia and Herzegovina ["bozniə ənd ,hertsəgou"vi:nə] – Sarajevo [,sa:rə"yevou];

Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo;

Botswana – Gaborone [,ga:bə"rouni];

Botswana - Gaborone;

Brazil – Brasilia; Sao Paulo ["sauŋ "paulu]; Rio de Janeiro ["ri:ou də jə"neirou], ["ri:ou dei zhə"neirou]; Belo Horizonte [,belo: ri:"zo:ŋti];

Brazil - Brazil, Brasilia; Sao Paulo; Rio de Janeiro; Belo Horizonte;

Brunei, – Bandar Seri Begawan ["ba:ndər "seri bə"ga:wən];

Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan;

Bulgaria, – Sofia ["soufiə], ;

Bulgaria – Sofia;

Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) – Ouagadougou [,wa:gə"du:gu:];

Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) – Ouagadougou;

Burma ["bərmə], now Myanmar ["mya:nma:] – Naypyidaw; Yangon (Rangoon);

Burma, now Myanmar - Naypyitaw; Yangon (Rangoon);

Burundi – Bujumbura [,bujum"bura:];

Burundi – Bujumbura;

Cambodia – Phnom Penh, Phnom Penh ["nom"pen], ["pno:m"pen];

Cambodia – Phnom Penh;

Cameroon [,kæmə"ru:n] – Yaounde [,ya:u:n"dei];

Cameroon – Yaounde;

Canada ["kænədə] – Ottawa ["otəwə]; Toronto; Montreal [,montri"o:l]; Vancouver; Calgary ["kælgəri]; Quebec;

Canada - Ottawa; Toronto; Montreal; Vancouver; Calgary; Quebec;

Cape Verde ["keip "vərd] – Praia ["praiə];

Cape Verde - Praia;

Central African Republic – Bangui;

Central African Republic - Bangui;

Chad – N"Djamena [ənja:"meina:];

Chad - N'Djamena;

Chile ["chili] – Santiago [,sa:nti:"a:gou], [,sænti"a:gou]; Valparaiso [,vælpə"reizou], [,vælpə"raisou];

Chile – Santiago; Valparaiso;

China ["chainə] – Beijing ["bei"jiŋ] (Peking); Shanghai ["shæŋ"hai]; Guangzhou, Kwangchow ["gwa:ŋ"jou] (Canton);

China – Beijing (Beijing); Shanghai; Guangzhou (Canton);

Colombia – Bogota [,bougə"ta:];

Colombia - Bogota;

Comoros ["komərouz] – Moroni;

Comoros - Moroni;

Congo ["koŋgou], Democratic Republic – Kinshasa;

Congo, Democratic Republic - Kinshasa;

Congo ["koŋgou], Republic – Brazzaville ["bræzəvil];

Congo, Republic of Brazzaville;

Costa Rica ["kostə"ri:kə] – San Jose [,sa:n ho:"se], [,sa:n hou"sei];

Costa Rica – San Jose;

Cote d"Ivoire [,kout di"vwa:r] (Ivory Coast) – Yamoussoukro [,ya:mu"su:krou]; Abidjan [,æbi"ja:n];

Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - Yamoussoukro; Abidjan;

Croatia – Zagreb ["za:greb];

Croatia – Zagreb;

Cuba ["kyu:bə] – Havana;

Cuba - Havana;

Cyprus ["saiprəs] – Nicosia [,nikə"si:ə];

Cyprus – Nicosia;

Czech Republic ["chek ri"pʌblik] – Prague;

Czech Republic, Czech Republic - Prague;

Countries – Cities

Denmark ["denma:rk] – Copenhagen [,koupən"heigən]; Alborg ["o:lbo:rg]; Odense ["ouðənsə];

Denmark – Copenhagen; Aalborg; Odense;

Djibouti - Djibouti;

Dominica [,domə"ni:kə] – Roseau;

Dominica - Roseau;

Dominican Republic – Santo Domingo ["sæntou də"miŋgou];

Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo;

East Timor ["i:st ti"mo:r] – Dili ["dili];

East Timor – Dili;

Ecuador ["ekwədo:r] – Quito ["ki:tou];

Ecuador - Quito;

Egypt ["i:jipt] – Cairo ["kairou];

Egypt - Cairo;

El Salvador – San Salvador;

El Salvador - San Salvador;

Equatorial Guinea [,ekwə"to:riəl "gini] – Malabo (Santa Isabel);

Equatorial Guinea - Malabo (Santa Isabel);

Eritrea [,eri"tri:ə] – Asmara;

Eritrea - Asmara;

Estonia – Tallinn ["ta:lin];

Estonia – Tallinn;

Ethiopia [,i:θi"oupiə] – Addis Ababa ["ædis "æbəbə], ["a:dis "a:bəbə];

Ethiopia – Addis Ababa;

Fiji ["fi:ji:] – Suva ["su:va:];

Fiji – Suva;

Finland ["finlənd] – Helsinki ["helsiŋki]; Tampere ["ta:mpere]; Turku ["turku];

Finland – Helsinki; Tampere; Turku;

France, – Paris ["pæris]; Lyon, Lyons; Marseilles, Marseille; Lille; Bordeaux;

France Paris; Lyon; Marseilles; Lille; Bordeaux;

Gabon – Libreville [,li:brə"vi:l];

Gabon – Libreville;

Gambia ["gæmbiə] – Banjul ["ba:njul];

Gambia - Banjul;

Georgia ["jo:rjə] – Tbilisi;

Georgia, Tbilisi;

Germany ["jərməni] – Berlin; Hamburg ["hæmbərg]; Munich ["myu:nik]; Cologne; Frankfurt am Main ["fra:ŋkfurt a:m "main];

Germany Berlin; Hamburg; Munich; Cologne; Frankfurt am Main;

Ghana ["ga:nə] – Accra [ə"kra:], ["ækrə];

Ghana – Accra;

Greece – Athens ["æθinz];

Greece - Athens;

Grenada – Saint George"s ["seint "jo:rjiz];

Grenada - St. George's;

Guatemala [,gwa:tə"ma:lə] – Guatemala City;

Guatemala - Guatemala;

Guinea ["gini] – Conakry ["konəkri:];

Guinea – Conakry;

Guinea-Bissau ["gini bi"sau] – Bissau;

Guinea-Bissau – Bissau;

Guyana – Georgetown ["jo:rjtown];

Guyana - Georgetown;

Haiti ["heiti] – Port-au-Prince [,po:rtou "prins];

Haiti – Port-au-Prince;

Honduras, – Tegucigalpa;

Honduras – Tegucigalpa;

Hungary ["hʌŋgəri] – Budapest ["bu:də,pest];

Hungary – Budapest;

Iceland ["aislənd] – Reykjavik ["reikya:vi:k];

Iceland – Reykjavik;

India ["indiə] – New Delhi [,nyu: "deli]; Mumbai (Bombay); Delhi ["deli];

India - New Delhi; Mumbai, Mumbai (Bombay); Delhi;

Indonesia [,ində"ni:zhə] – Jakarta;

Indonesia – Jakarta;

Iran – Teheran, Tehran [,teə"ra:n], [,tehə"ra:n], [,ti:ə"ræn];

Iran – Tehran;

Iraq – Baghdad ["bægdæd", ;

Iraq - Baghdad;

Ireland ["aiərlənd] – Dublin ["dʌblin];

Ireland - Dublin;

Israel ["izreiəl] – Tel Aviv ["tel a:"vi:v]; Jerusalem; Haifa ["haifə];

Israel – Tel Aviv; Jerusalem; Haifa;

Italy ["itəli] – Rome; Milan, ; Naples ["neiplz]; Turin ["turin]; Genoa ["jenouə];

Italy Rome; Milan; Naples; Turin; Genoa;

Jamaica – Kingston ["kiŋstən];

Jamaica - Kingston;

Japan – Tokyo ["toukiou]; Kyoto ["kyoutou]; Osaka, ["ousa:kə];

Japan Tokyo; Kyoto; Osaka;

Jordan ["jo:rdən] – Amman;

Jordan – Amman;

Kazakhstan [,ka:za:k"sta:n] – Astana; Almaty (Alma-Ata);

Kazakhstan, Astana; Almaty (Alma-Ata);

Kenya ["kenyə], ["ki:nyə] – Nairobi;

Kenya – Nairobi;

Kiribati [,kiri"ba:ti] – Tarawa;

Kiribati - Tarawa;

Korea – see North Korea, South Korea;

Korea - see North Korea, South Korea;

Kuwait, – Kuwait;

Kuwait - Kuwait City;

Kyrgyzstan [,kirgi:z"sta:n] (Kirghizia) – Bishkek;

Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) – Bishkek;

Countries – Cities

Laos ["la:ous", ["leios] – Vientiane [,vyen"tya:n];

Laos – Vientiane;

Latvia ["lætviə] – Riga ["Ri:gə];

Latvia, Riga;

Lebanon ["lebənən] – Beirut;

Lebanon – Beirut;

Lesotho – Maseru ["mæzəru:];

Lesotho - Maseru;

Liberia–Monrovia;

Liberia - Monrovia;

Libya ["libiə] – Tripoli ["tripəli];

Libya - Tripoli;

Liechtenstein ["liktənshtain] – Vaduz, ;

Liechtenstein – Vaduz;

Lithuania [,liθu:"einiə] – Vilnius ["vilnius], ["vilniəs];

Lithuania – Vilnius;

Luxembourg ["lʌksəmbərg] – Luxembourg;

Luxembourg - Luxembourg;

Macedonia [,mæsi "douniə] – Skopje ["skoupye];

Macedonia – Skopje;

Madagascar [,mædə"gæskər] – Antananarivo [,æntənænə"ri:vou] (Tananarive);

Madagascar - Antananarivo (Tananarive);

Malawi–Lilongwe;

Malawi – Lilongwe;

Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur ["kwa:lə lum"pur];

Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur;

Maldives ["mældaivz] – Male ["ma:li:];

Maldives - Male;

Mali ["ma:li:] – Bamako ["bæmə,kou];

Mali – Bamako;

Malta ["mo:ltə] – Valletta;

Malta – Valletta;

Marshall Islands ["ma:rshəl "ailəndz] – Majuro;

Marshall Islands - Majuro;

Mauritania [,mo:ri"teiniə] – Nouakchott;

Mauritania – Nouakchott;

Mauritius – Port Louis ["po:rt "lu:i(s)]

Mauritius – Port Louis;

Mexico ["meksikou] – Mexico City ["meksikou "siti]; Guadalajara [,gwa:dələ"ha:rə]; Monterrey [,montə"rei]; Tijuana [,ti:ə"wa:nə]; Acapulco [,ækə"pulkou];

Mexico - Mexico City; Guadalajara; Monterrey; Tijuana; Acapulco;

Micronesia [,maikrou"ni:zhə] – Palikir [,pa:li"kir];

Micronesia – Palikir;

Moldova (Moldavia) – Chisinau [,kishi "nau] (Kishinev);

Moldova (Moldova) – Chisinau;

Monaco ["monəkou] – Monaco;

Monaco - Monaco;

Mongolia – Ulan Bator ["u:la:n "ba:to:r];

Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar;

Montenegro [,montə"ni:grou] – capitals: Podgorica ["po:dgo:,ri:tsa:]; Cetinje ["tsetinye];

Montenegro - capitals: Podgorica; Cetinje;

Morocco – Rabat; Casablanca [,kæsə"blæŋkə];

Morocco – Rabat; Casablanca;

Mozambique [,mouzəm"bi:k] – Maputo;

Mozambique – Maputo;

Myanmar – see Burma;

Myanmar - see Burma;

Namibia – Windhoek ["vint huk];

Namibia - Windhoek;

Nauru – Yaren ["ya:rən];

Nauru – Yaren;

Nepal – Katmandu [,ka:tma:n"du:];

Nepal - Kathmandu;

Netherlands ["neðərləndz", Holland ["holənd] – Amsterdam ["æmstərdæm]; The Hague [ðə"heig]; Rotterdam ["rotərdæm];

Netherlands, Holland – Amsterdam; Hague; Rotterdam;

New Zealand ["nyu: "zi:lənd] – Wellington ["weliŋtən]; Auckland ["o:klənd];

New Zealand - Wellington; Auckland;

Nicaragua [,nikə"ra:gwə] – Managua;

Nicaragua – Managua;

Niger ["naijər] – Niamey;

Niger – Niamey;

Nigeria – Abuja [ə"bu:jə]; Lagos ["la:gous]; ["leigos];

Nigeria - Abuja; Lagos;

North Korea ["no:rθ kou"ri:ə], ["no:rθ ko:"ri:ə] – Pyongyang ["pyʌŋ"ya:ŋ];

North Korea - Pyongyang;

Norway ["no:rwei] – Oslo ["oslou], ["ozlou]; Bergen ["bərgən]; Trondheim ["tro:nheim];

Norway – Oslo; Bergen; Trondheim;

Oman – Muscat, Masqat ["mʌskæt];

Oman – Muscat;

Pakistan ["pæki,stæn] – Islamabad; Karachi;

Pakistan – Islamabad; Karachi;

Palau – capital: Ngerulmud, Melekeok, or Koror ["ko:ro:r];

Palau - capital: Ngerulmud, Melekeok or Koror;

Palestine ["pælistain] – administrative capital: Ramallah; Gaza ["ga:zə];

Palestine - administrative capital: Ramallah; Gaza;

Panama ["pænəma:] – Panama, Panama City;

Panama - Panama;

Papua New Guinea ["pæpyu:ə "nyu: "gini] – Port Moresby ["po:rt "mourzbi];

Papua New Guinea - Port Moresby;

Paraguay ["pærəgwai] – Asuncion [,a:su:n"syo:n];

Paraguay - Asuncion;

Peru – Lima ["li:mə];

Peru – Lima;

Philippines ["filə,pi:nz] – Manila ; Quezon City ["keizon "siti], ["keiso:n "siti];

Philippines - Manila; Quezon City;

Poland ["poulənd] – Warsaw ["wo:rso:];

Poland Warsaw;

Portugal ["po:rchugəl] – Lisbon ["lizbən];

Portugal – Lisbon;

Qatar ["ka:ta:r] – Doha ["douhə];

Qatar – Doha;

Romania – Bucharest [,byu:kə"rest];

Romania – Bucharest;

Russia ["rʌshə] – Moscow ["moskou]; Saint Petersburg ["seint "pi:tərzbərg]; Novosibirsk [,no:vosi "bi:rsk]; Yekaterinburg ; Nizhny Novgorod ["ni:zhni "no:vgorod]; Samara ; Omsk ; Kazan ; Chelyabinsk ; Rostov-on-Don ; Ufa ; Volgograd [,vo:lgə" gra:d]; Perm ; Krasnoyarsk [,kra:sno"ya:rsk]; Voronezh; Saratov;

Russia Moscow; Saint Petersburg; Novosibirsk; Ekaterinburg; Nizhny Novgorod; Samara; Omsk; Kazan; Chelyabinsk; Rostov-on-Don; Ufa; Volgograd; Permian; Krasnoyarsk; Voronezh; Saratov;

Rwanda – Kigali;

Countries – Cities

Saint Kitts and Nevis [,seint "kits ənd "ni:vis; "nevis] – Basseterre;

Saint Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre;

Saint Lucia [,seint "lu:shiə] – Castries ["kæs,tri:z];

Saint Lucia - Castries;

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines [,seint "vinsənt ənd ðə ,grenə"di:nz] – Kingstown ["kiŋztaun];

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Kingstown;

Samoa–Apia;

Samoa - Apia;

San Marino [,sæn mə"ri:nou] – San Marino;

San Marino – San Marino;

Sao Tome and Principe [,sauŋ tu "mei ənd "principi:] – Sao Tome;

Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome;

Saudi Arabia, ["saudi ə"reibiə] – Riyadh; Mecca ["mekə];

Saudi Arabia - Riyadh; Mecca;

Senegal [,senə"go:l] – Dakar;

Senegal – Dakar;

Serbia ["sərbiə] – Belgrade; ["belgreid];

Serbia - Belgrade;

Seychelles–Victoria;

Seychelles - Victoria;

Sierra Leone , – Freetown ["fri:,town];

Sierra Leone – Freetown;

Singapore ["siŋgə,po:r], [,siŋgə"po:r] – Singapore;

Singapore - Singapore;

Slovakia – Bratislava ["bra:ti"sla:va:];

Slovakia – Bratislava;

Slovenia – Ljubljana ["lyu:blya:na:];

Slovenia – Ljubljana;

Solomon Islands ["soləmən "ailəndz] – Honiara [,houni"a:rə];

Solomon Islands - Honiara;

Somalia – Mogadishu [,mogə"dishu]; Mogadiscio [,mogə"dishiou];

Somalia - Mogadishu;

South Africa ["sauθ "æfrikə] – Pretoria, ; Cape Town, Capetown ["keip,town]; Johannesburg ;

South Africa - Pretoria; Cape Town; Johannesburg;

South Korea ["sauθ kou"ri:ə], ["sauθ ko:"ri:ə] – Seoul, ;

South Korea - Seoul;

South Sudan ["sauθ su:"dæn] – Juba ["ju:bə];

South Sudan - Juba;

Spain – Madrid; Barcelona [,ba:rsə"lounə]; Valencia; Seville; Bilbao;

Spain Madrid; Barcelona; Valencia; Seville; Bilbao;

Sri Lanka – Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte; Colombo;

Sri Lanka – Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte; Colombo;

Sudan–Khartoum;

Sudan - Khartoum;

Suriname – Paramaribo [,pærə"mæribou];

Suriname - Paramaribo;

Swaziland ["swa:zi,lænd] – Mbabane;

Swaziland - Mbabane;

Sweden ["swi:dən] – Stockholm ["stokhoum]; Goteborg [,yə:tə"bo:r] (Gothenburg); Malmo ["ma:lmə:];

Sweden – Stockholm; Gothenburg; Malmö;

Switzerland ["switsərlənd] – Bern; Zurich ["zurik]; Basel ["ba:zəl]; Geneva;

Switzerland – Bern; Zurich; Basel; Geneva;

Syria ["si:riə] – Damascus; Aleppo [ə"lepou];

Syria - Damascus; Aleppo;

Tajikistan, Tadzhikistan – Dushanbe [,du:sha:n"be];

Tajikistan - Dushanbe;

Tanzania [,tænzə"ni:ə], [,tæn"zæniə] – Dodoma ["doudəmə]; Dar es Salaam ["da:r es sə"la:m];

Tanzania - Dodoma; Dar es Salaam;

Thailand ["tailənd] – Bangkok ["bæŋkok], ;

Thailand – Bangkok;

Togo ["tougou] – Lome;

Togo - Lome;

Tonga ["toŋgə] – Nukualofa [,nu:kuə"lo:fə];

Tonga - Nuku'alofa;

Trinidad and Tobago ["trini,dæd ənd tou"beigou] – Port-of-Spain ["po:rtəv"spein];

Trinidad and Tobago - Port of Spain;

Tunisia, – Tunis ["tu:nis], ["tyu:nis];

Tunisia - Tunisia;

Turkey ["tərki] – Ankara ["æŋkərə]; Istanbul [,istæn"bu:l];

Türkiye - Ankara; Istanbul;

Turkmenistan [,tərkmeni"sta:n] (Turkmenia) – Ashgabat [,a:shga:"ba:t], Ashkhabad [,a:shka:"ba:d];

Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan) – Ashgabat;

Tuvalu [,tuvə"lu:] – Funafuti [,fu:nə"fu:ti];

Tuvalu - Funafuti;

Uganda – Kampala;

Ukraine – Kiev ["ki:ev]; Dnepropetrovsk [,dneprope"tro:vsk]; Donetsk ; Kharkov ["ka:rkov]; Odessa ;

Ukraine, Kyiv; Dnepropetrovsk; Donetsk; Kharkiv; Odessa;

United Arab Emirates – Abu Dhabi ["a:bu: "da:bi:]; Dubai;

United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi; Dubai;

United Kingdom – London ["lʌndən]; Birmingham ["bərmiŋəm]; Glasgow ["glæzgou]; Liverpool ["livər,pu:l]; Manchester ["mænchestər]; Cardiff ["ka:rdif]; Edinburgh ["edənbərə]; Belfast ["belfa:st];

United Kingdom - London; Birmingham; Glasgow; Liverpool; Manchester; Cardiff; Edinburgh; Belfast;

United States - Washington, D.C. ["woshiŋtən"di: "si:]; New York[,nu: "yo:rk", [,nyu: "yo:rk]; Los Angeles ; Chicago; Dallas ["dæləs]; Miami; San Francisco [,sæn fræn"siskou]; Philadelphia [,filə"delfiə]; Houston ["hyu:stən]; Boston ["bo:stən]; Phoenix ["fi:niks];

United States - Washington; NY; Los Angeles; Chicago; Dallas; Miami; San Francisco; Philadelphia; Houston; Boston; Phoenix;

Uruguay ["yurəgwai] – Montevideo [,montəvi"deiou];

Uruguay - Montevideo;

Uzbekistan [,uzbeki"sta:n] – Tashkent;

Uzbekistan – Tashkent;

Vanuatu [,va:nu"a:tu] – Vila ["vi:lə];

Vanuatu – Vila;

Vatican ["vætikən", Vatican City ["vætikən"siti];

Venezuela [,veni"zweilə], [,venə"zwi:lə] – Caracas; Maracaibo [,mærə"kaibou]; Valencia ;

Venezuela – Caracas; Maracaibo; Valencia;

Vietnam [,vi:et"na:m] – Hanoi [,ha:"noi];

Vietnam – Hanoi;

Yemen ["yemən] – San"a, Sanaa;

Yemen - Sana'a;

Zambia ["zæmbiə] – Lusaka;

Zambia - Lusaka;

Zimbabwe – Harare.

Zimbabwe - Harare.

A list of names of countries, capitals, and some large cities, with phonetic transcription and notes on pronunciation.

List of names of countries, capitals and some large cities, with phonetic transcription and notes on pronunciation.

Hello! Friends, take a look at the world atlas. What do you see there? Oh, of course, huge continents, bottomless oceans and seas, the highest mountains and vast plains, countries, cities, and they all have names, the sound of which is English language you can only guess. This definitely needs to be fixed. But we will start by giving a list of important geographical concepts in English. Titles settlements, geographical points, natural areas and reservoirs in English

Settlements:
area ["eəriə] - region
country [ˈkʌntrɪ] - a country
capital ["kæpitəl] - capital
city [ˈsɪtɪ] - city
district [ˈdistrikt] - area
state - state
town - city (small)
village ["viliʤ] - village
Geographical points:
cape - cape
cliff- cliff
hill - Hill
mountain ["mountin] - mountain
pass - gorge
peak - peak
plain - plain
plateau ["plætəu] - plateau
valley ["væli] - valley
volcano- volcano
Types of natural areas:
desert ["dezət] - desert
forest [ˈfɔrɪst] - forest
highland [ˈhaɪlənd] - Mountain landscape
jungle [ˈjəNGgəl] - jungle
oasis [əu"eisis] - oasis
swamp ["swɔmp] - swamp, swamp
tropics [ˈtrɔpɪks] - tropics
tundra ["tʌndrə] - tundra
Reservoirs:
Gulf - sea bay
ocean ["əuʃn] - ocean
sea- sea
lake- lake
river [ˈrivər] - river
spring- key, spring
stream - Creek

Pronouncing geographical names correctly

It goes without saying that within the framework of this article we will not be able to list the names of all geographical objects in English, however, let's try to find out at least those geographical names that are most likely to be encountered.

It is a well-known fact that names are not usually translated from one language to another, be it the name of a city, mountain, etc. However, over time, many geographical names have undergone some changes, if not in the graphic structure, then certainly in the phonetic one . For example, many, reading the name of the country “Canada” in English, pronounce it the same way as in Russian, not realizing how incomprehensible this word will sound to an English speaker, because the correct way to say it is [ˈkænədə]. Names of continents, countries, cities and oceans in English Continent names:

Africa [ˈæfrɪkə]- Africa
Australia [ɒˈstreɪliːə] - Australia
Antarctica [ˌænˈtɑːktɪkə]- Antarctica
Eurasia- Eurasia
North America - North America
South America - South America

10 largest countries by area:

Russia [ˈrʌʃə] - Russia
Canada [ˈkænədə] - Canada
China [ˈʧaɪnə] - China
United States - United States
Brazil - Brazil
Australia [ɒˈstreɪliːə] - Australia
India [ˈɪndɪə] - India
Argentina [ˌɑːʤənˈtiːnə] - Argentina
Kazakhstan [ˈkæzəkstæn] - Kazakhstan
Algeria [ælˈʤɪərɪə] - Algeria

10 leading cities by number of tourists in 2014:

Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro
Sarajevo - Sarajevo
Liverpool - Liverpool
Umea - Umeå
Lviv- Lviv
Marseille- Marseilles
Almaty [ælˈmɑːti] - Almaty
Rotterdam - Rotterdam
Glasgow [ˈglɑːzgəʊ] - Glasgow
Portland - Portland

Names of the oceans, some large seas and rivers:

The Atlantic Ocean [ði ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃən] - Atlantic Ocean
The Pacific Ocean [ðə pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃən] - Pacific Ocean
The Arctic Ocean [ði ˈɑːktɪk ˈəʊʃən] - Arctic Ocean
The Indian Ocean [ði ˈɪndjən ˈəʊʃən] - Indian Ocean
The Mediterranean Sea [ðə ˌmɛdɪtəˈreɪnjən siː] - Mediterranean Sea
The Caribbean Sea [ðə ˌkærɪˈbiːən siː] - Caribbean Sea
The Red Sea [ðə rɛd siː] - Red sea
The Caspian Sea [ðə ˈkæspɪən siː] - Caspian Sea
The Baltic Sea [ðə ˈbɔːltɪk siː] - Baltic Sea
The Barents Sea [ðə ˈbærənts siː] - Barencevo sea
The Sea of Okhotsk [ðə siː ɒv əʊˈkɒtsk] - Sea of Okhotsk
The Amazon River [ði ˈæməzən ˈrɪvə] - Amazon
The Nile River [ðə naɪl ˈrɪvə] - Nile
The Mississippi River [ðə ˌmɪsəˈsɪpi ˈrɪvə] - Mississippi
The Missouri River [ðə mɪˈzʊəri ˈrɪvə] - Missouri
The Thames River [ðə tɛmz ˈrɪvə] - Thames

I also advise you to study the names of the States of America in English, using transcription and translation.

European countries and their capitals

A country	Translation	Transcription	Capital	Translation	Transcription
Austria	Austria	[ˈɒstrɪə]	Vienna	Vein
Belarus	Belarus		Minsk	Minsk
Belgium	Belgium	[ˈbɛlʤəm]	Brussels	Brussels	[ˈbrʌsəlz]
Bulgaria	Bulgaria		Sofia	Sofia	[ˈsəʊfɪə]
Hungary	Hungary	[ˈhʌŋgəri]	Budapest	Budapest	[ˈbuːdəpɛst]
Great Britain	Great Britain		London	London	[ˈlʌndən]
Germany	Germany	[ˈʤɜːməni]	Berlin	Berlin
Greece	Greece		Athens	Athens	[ˈæθɪnz]
Denmark	Denmark	[ˈdɛnmɑːk]	Copenhagen	Copenhagen	[ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən]
Spain	Spain		Madrid	Madrid
Italy	Italy	[ˈɪtəli]	Rome	Rome
The Netherlands	Netherlands	[ðə ˈnɛðələndz]	Oslo	Oslo	[ˈɒzləʊ]
Poland	Poland	[ˈpəʊlənd]	Warsaw	Warsaw	[ˈwɔːsɔː]
France	France	[ˈfrɑːns]	Paris	Paris	[ˈpærɪs]
Ukraine	Ukraine		Kiev	Kyiv	[ˈkiːɛf]
Switzerland	Switzerland	[ˈswɪtsələnd]	Bern(e)	Berne