Punctuation marks in BSC
1. Simple sentences included in compound sentence, separated by commas:
There is no comma:
1) In BSC with conjunctions I, if there is a common minor member or a common subordinate clause:
2) In the BSC with the union I, if parts of the BSC are interrogative, exclamatory or denominative sentences:
3) In BSC with the union And, if there is a common introductory word:
2. If parts of the BSC are significantly common and have commas inside them, then they are separated from each other by a semicolon:
3. If the second part of the sentence indicates a rapid change of events, a conclusion, then a dash is placed between the two parts of the sentence:
1. Write out a sentence from the text.
2. Determine the type of sentence based on the purpose of the statement.
3. Specify the type by emotional coloring.
4. Find grammatical basics and emphasize them.
5. We build a proposal diagram.
Light lighthouse rushed by over the flowers, and they seemed absolutely fantastic by its color.
1) The sentence is complex, declarative, non-exclamatory.
2) The first grammatical basis - the light flashed by. Light– subject, expressed by noun. m.r., im. p., units Spilled– predicate, expressed by ch. past vr., will express. n., units h.
The second grammatical basis is they seemed fantastic. They– subject, expressed places. 3rd l., pl. h. Seemed fantastic– compound nominal predicate, expressed by ch. It also seemed like a nominal part - an adjective - fantastic.
3) Sentence scheme: , and .
6. Complex sentences
Complex sentences contain a main and subordinate parts, connected by a conjunction or union word. The main part of the IPP may contain indicative words.
Punctuation marks in NGN with multiple clauses
1. Between the parts of the IPP is usually placed comma.
The comma is placed:
1. Between homogeneous subordinate clauses:
a) without coordinating conjunctions:
I understood , What Lying in bed, What I am sick.
2. Between subordinate clauses with sequential subordination when combining two subordinating conjunctions what if, what when:
I held on she with such dignity what, when filed a glass poured for me, Ifelt need to get up.
There is no comma:
1. Between homogeneous subordinate clauses with single coordinating conjunctions and , yes, or, either:
He apparently this is did just because What Olenin awkwardSo what he's lonely among the Cossacks.
Across the sky peeled off thick clouds, and although walked only third hour day, But was already dark.
, And (Although (), But).
Dash is placed if the subordinate clause (explanatory, conditional, concessional, temporary) comes before main part: If have you met this man - Tell. How Working – I myself Don't know.
Comma and dash An IPP is placed between parts if there is a number of homogeneous subordinate clauses in front of the main part:
Where whatever I am, how No matter how hard I tried to have fun, all my thoughts were occupied with the image of Olesya.
1. Type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring.
2. Highlight the grammatical basics.
3. Select the main and subordinate parts. Determine the type of subordinate clause.
4. We build a graphical diagram of the proposal.
Alyosha feels, What All on him are watching And love his.
1) Narrative, non-exclamatory
2) Alyosha feels- the first grammatical basis.
Subject Alyosha expressed by noun, im., n. simple verbal predicate feels expressed ch. present vr., will express. n., 3rd l., units. h.
Everyone looks and loves– the second grammatical basis. Subject All will expressly determine. pronoun, Im. n. Homogeneous simple verbal predicates look and love expressed ch. present vr., will express. n., 3rd l., pl. h.
3) The first part is the main one, since from it you can ask the question Alyosha feels (what?). Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a conjunction What. Subordinate clause refers to the predicate in the first part and answers the case question. Therefore, this is an explanatory clause.
Syntactic analysis of sentences (generalization).
In the Unified State Examination task in the Russian language, as a rule, a complex sentence is proposed for analysis, which, of course, does not exclude the possibility of analyzing a simple complicated sentence. Let's visualize brief information about the differences between simple and types of complex sentences, the knowledge of which you will need to successfully complete the task.
Rule.
| offer | quantitygrammatical basics | Construction Features | Main features (means of communication, if any) |
| 1. Simple sentence | one grammatical basis | It may be complicated or uncomplicated, but it will still be considered simple, For example: Subject + homogeneous predicates; Me or I’ll burst into tears, or scream, or faint. Homogeneous subjects + plural predicate; The gardens were blooming apple, pear, cherry and plum trees. Grammatical basis + participial phrase/adverbial phrase; Road, cobblestone, climbed the shaft. Having seen off my comrades , Anya stood silently for a long time. Introductory words, phrases and constructions; plug-in structures(incidental instructions, comments that stand out from the syntactic structure). They may have a grammatical basis, but not included (!) included in the proposal. As the old-timers say , the winter will be snowy. I did not understand ( now I understand), what I did with the creatures close to me. |
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| 2. Complex composition. | minimum two grammar basics | The stems are connected to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions. The bases are equal (that is, from the same base it is forbidden set question for another). [Windblew from the land], And[near the shore the water was calm]. |
Conjunctions: and, but, and, or, however, or, not only... but also |
| 3. Complex subordination. | minimum two grammar basics | The stems are related to each other by intonation and subordinating conjunctions. The bases are unequal (from one base Can set question for another). (When the wind was blowing from land) [ near the shore the water was calm]. When was the water calm? When the wind blew from land. |
Conjunctions and allied words: when, as, as if (as if), that, so that, because, since, if; which, which, whose, who, etc. |
| 4. Non-union proposal (BSP) | minimum two grammar basics | The basics are connected to each other only by intonation. Graphically non-union proposal can be recognized using punctuation marks between stems (, : – ;) WindIt was blowing from land, the water was calm near the shore. |
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| 5. Complex sentence with coordinating and subordinate. communication | minimum three grammar basics | There must be signs of points 2, 3, 4 |
Algorithm of actions.
1. Try to act by eliminating incorrect options! Most often, two version of the Unified State Exam obviously incorrect, and the rest are very similar.
2. Identify grammatical basics and determine their number. One basis is a simple sentence, if two or more are complex.
3. Pay attention to the ways in which grammatical basics are connected and the punctuation marks between them.
Remember! Coordinating conjunctions connect not only grammatical bases, but also homogeneous parts of the sentence, while subordinating conjunctions connect only grammatical bases!
4. If the sentence is complex (SPP), then determine the main and subordinate clauses (ask a question from one stem to another).
Analysis of the task.
1.
Apparently, we don’t think enough in private that we still don’t know this.
1) complex with coordinating and subordinating connections
1) complex
2) complex with non-conjunctive and subordinating connections
3) compound (CC)
We highlight grammatical basics and conjunctions:
Apparently we don't think much in private, What We still don’t know this.
Thus, there are 2 grammatical bases in the sentence ( it is seen is an introductory word, therefore it only complicates the first basis). Options 1 and 3 will be excluded, since they presuppose the presence of at least three basics Since the sentence contains a subordinating conjunction What, then this is a proposal complex (option 2).
1. Which characteristic corresponds to the sentence:
True, when the famous storyteller Hans Christian Andersen checked into the hotel, there was still some ink left in the tin inkwell that could be diluted with water.
1. complex with coordinating and subordinating connections
2. complex with non-conjunctive and subordinating connections
3. complex
4. complex with non-union and conjunction (coordinating and subordinating) connections
We determine the number of grammatical bases and the connection between them:
Is it true, When famous storyteller Hans Christian Andersen checked into a hotel, there was still some ink left in the tin inkwell, which could have been diluted with water.
Three basics ( Truth - introductory word) are connected only by a subordinating connection (conjunction When and a union word which).
Answer option – 3.
2. Which characteristic corresponds to the sentence:
Interestingly, a year before experimental discovery positron, its existence was theoretically predicted by the English physicist Paul Dirac (the existence of just such a particle followed from the equation he derived).
Sentence parsing scheme:
1. Characterize the sentence according to the purpose of the statement: narrative, interrogative or motivating.
2. Characterize the sentence by emotional coloring: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
3. Characterize the sentence based on the presence of grammatical bases: simple or complex
If a simple sentence:5. Characterize the proposal by the presence of the main members of the proposal: two-part or one-part, indicate which main member sentences, if they are one-part (subject or predicate).
6. Describe the offer by availability minor members sentences: common or uncommon.
7. Indicate whether the sentence is complicated in any way ( homogeneous members, appeal, introductory words) or not complicated.
8. Underline all parts of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.
9. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.
If it's a complex sentence:
5. Indicate what kind of connection is in the sentence: union or non-union.
6. Indicate what is the means of communication in a sentence: intonation, coordinating conjunctions or subordinating conjunctions.
7. Conclude what kind of sentence it is: non-union (BSP), complex (SSP), complex (SPP).
8. Disassemble each part complex sentence, as simple, starting from point No. 5 of the adjacent column.
9. Underline all parts of the sentence, indicate parts of speech.
10. Draw up a sentence outline, indicating the grammatical basis and complication, if any.
Parsing example simple sentence:
Oral analysis:
Declarative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis:pupils and female students studying
, common, complicated by homogeneous subjects.
Written analysis:
Narrative, non-vocal, simple, two-part, g/opupils and female students studying , spread, complex, homogeneous.
An example of parsing a complex sentence:
Oral analysis:
Declarative sentence, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction, means of communication subordinating conjunctionbecause , complex sentence. The first simple sentence: one-part, with the main member - the predicatedidn't ask common, not complicated. Second simple sentence: two-part, grammatical basismy class and I went common, not complicated.
Written analysis:
Narrative, non-vocal, complex, union connection, middle connection subordinate unionbecause , SPP.
1st PP: single-part, with main part - tale.didn't ask distribution, not complicated.
2nd PP: two-part, g/omy class and I went distribution, not complicated.
Teacher Mizhiritskaya L.S.
To parse a complex sentence, you must:
1. As when analyzing a simple sentence, name the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement.
2. If it is exclamatory, mark it.
3. Find the grammatical basis of each simple sentence that is part of a complex one.
4. Indicate the main and subordinate clauses.
5. Conclude, based on the question and structural features (what the subordinate clause refers to, how the subordinate clause is attached), the type of subordinate clause.
6. Explain punctuation marks.
7. Parse the main and subordinate clauses as simple sentences.
A beautiful rose lay on a table that stood in the corner of the room.
1. Narrative.
2. Not an exclamation point.
3. Rose was lying down. I was standing.
4. A beautiful rose was lying on the table - the main sentence. He stood in the corner of the room - subordinate clause.
5. On the table [on which one?] -> which table is in the corner of the room.
6. The subordinate clause refers to the word “on the table” and is attached to the main sentence with the conjunctive word which. Subordinate clause - attributive.
7. In a complex sentence between the main and subordinate clause a comma is added.
8. Analysis of each simple sentence that is part of a complex one - see the article Parsing simple sentence.
