Recognized as one of the largest gardens in Europe, the Main Botanical Garden them. N.V. Tsitsina Russian Academy Sciences is an institution of the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations of Russia.

The decision to create it was made in 1945, immediately after Russia’s victory in the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War. The garden was planned as a symbol of Russia's victory and the reign of peace on its territory. The garden was named after Academician Tsitsin in 1991, for his services in the field of genetics, botany and selection. Nikolai Vasilievich himself was twice awarded the order Hero of Labor. The academician led the garden for 35 years, from the very day of its foundation.

Modern garden funds include about 18 thousand different varieties of plants from all over the world. The garden occupies an area of ​​almost 332 hectares and is a national treasure of Russia. The garden's employees and scientific staff conduct research to study and preserve rare plant varieties. In addition, the Main Botanical Garden is also known for its educational activities: lectures and conferences dedicated to the wealth of natural world Russia.

The garden is also known for its achievements in the field of plant growing and landscape architecture. On its territory, the basics of creating botanical gardens are being actively studied, as well as the secrets of hybridization and propagation of rare species. Scientific personnel are actively developing theories for creating completely new plant species and saving endangered ones.


Throughout the year, Exhibitions of tropical and subtropical plants are open to the public in the Stock Greenhouse of the Main Botanical Garden.

Operating mode:

The greenhouses are open every day except Monday:

  • from February 15 to March 15 from 11:00 to 18:00;
  • from March 16 to September 31 from 11:00 to 19:00;
  • from October 1 to October 31 from 10:00 to 18:00;
  • from November 1 to February 14 from 10:00 to 17:00.

Ticket prices:

  • full ticket - 250 rubles;
  • ticket for students - 200 rubles;
  • ticket for schoolchildren, pensioners, labor and war veterans - 150 rubles.

The work on remote hybridization of wheat with wheatgrass, begun by Tsitsin in 1927, was continued in 1932–1938. in Omsk, and then in the Moscow region - in Nemchinovka and Snegiri, where they successfully continued until last days life of a scientist. As a result of hard work, Tsitsin and his colleagues for the first time obtained hybrids between the main types of wheat and three types of wheatgrass (as well as with one of the Siberian varieties of wheatgrass). In subsequent years, the scientist created mid-early (with a shorter growing season) varieties of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids, characterized by high yields and a complex of other economically valuable traits. At the same time, new varieties of wheat were created that had a branched ear structure. Before this, only forms of spring durum wheat existed in nature. The scientist managed to create varieties of winter soft branched wheat, that is, forms that previously did not exist in nature at all. One of Tsitsin's pioneering works was the creation of multigrain forms of wheat with particularly high productivity. In the recent past, all varieties of wheat had ears with one or two grains. In modern wheat varieties, the number of flowers in spikelets is five, and the number of grains does not exceed four. Based on the distant hybridization of cultivated wheat with wild cereal plants, Tsitsin managed, for the first time in world practice, to create hybrid forms of wheat, in the spikelets of which the number of flowers reaches nine and the number of grains reaches six to eight, which leads to a significant increase in yield.

From the varieties created by the scientist in last years life, it should be noted that intermediate constant (stable in offspring) forms of wheat have a high protein content and compete in yield with the best standards of this crop. Knowing about such a property of wheatgrass as perenniality, Tsitsin, for the first time in the history of breeding and genetic science, created a completely the new kind wheat plant, representing great scientific and practical significance, - perennial wheat, named by him Triticum agropynotriticum . Tsitsin’s work on the creation of high-yielding lodging-resistant varieties and forms with shortened and filled straw was also of great practical importance. Typically, soft wheat varieties have a hollow straw, but in the hybrids he obtained, it was filled with parenchyma throughout the entire stem, which gave the plants greater resistance to lodging.

The scientist and his collaborators successfully used polyploid forms of plants (containing several sets of chromosomes in cells) in breeding. In particular, a tetraploid (with four sets of chromosomes in somatic cells) winter rye variety “Start” was created, which had high winter hardiness and productivity. Particularly interesting is the work of Tsitsin and his students on the hybridization of wheat, rye and barley with elymus (giant, sandy and soft). Based on 29 combinations of crossing soft and durum wheat with three types of elimus, seven generations of wheat-elimus hybrids were obtained. In 1968–1969 In the process of hybridization of wheat with soft elymus, highly productive constant 42-chromosomal hybrids were isolated for the first time. They were distinguished by their large ears and grains, containing over 20% protein and more than 40% gluten.

December 17, 1968 For great services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with the 70th anniversary of his birth, Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

Nikolai Vasilyevich acted as a delegate to the 20th Congress of the CPSU, a Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st, 3rd and 4th convocations. In addition, Tsitsin was an honorary foreign member of eight foreign academies. He was elected president, chairman, and member of a number of domestic and foreign scientific organizations. He headed the Soviet-Indian Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations. Published over 700 scientific works, including 46 books and brochures. Has eight copyright certificates for inventions. Many works have been published abroad.

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated December 15, 1978 For great services in the development of biological and agricultural sciences and in connection with the 80th anniversary of his birth, Nikolai Tsitsin was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal “Hammer and Sickle”.

Outstanding scientist Nikolai Vasilievich Tsitsin died July 17, 1980 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in the capital.

Nikolai Tsitsin Awards

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978)

Seven Orders of Lenin (12/30/1935; 06/10/1945; 11/10/1945; 11/19/1953; 12/17/1968; 09/17/1975; 12/15/1978)

Order October revolution (18.12.1973)

Order of the Red Banner of Labor (11/16/1939)

Medal "For Military Merit" (10/28/1967)

Lenin Prize (1978)

Stalin Prize, second degree (1943)

Order of Agricultural Merit (France, 1959)

Memory of Nikolai Tsitsin

In Saratov, in the park on Rakhova Street, a bust was erected

Memorial plaque on the House on the Embankment in Moscow

Memorial plaque at the main building of the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin RAS in Moscow

The country's main botanical garden bears the name of its founder: Tsitsin.

17.07.1980

Tsitsin Nikolay Vasilievich

Russian Scientist

Doctor of Agricultural Sciences

Twice Hero of Socialist Labor

Nikolai Tsitsin was born on December 18, 1898 in the city of Saratov. The boy grew up in a poor peasant family. Having lost his father due to serious financial situation, the mother gave her son to the shelter. Kolya stayed there until 1912 and received elementary education, and then, to earn a living, he mastered many professions.

In the years Civil War Tsitsin joined the ranks of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and soon became a military commissar, and from 1920 he was the head of the cultural department and a member of the provincial communications committee in Saratov.

At the same time, Tsitsin continued his education: first he studied at the school for working youth, and then entered the agronomic department of the Saratov Institute Agriculture and land reclamation, which he graduated in 1927. Having received his diploma, he got a job at the Saratov Agricultural Experimental Station at the All-Union Institute of Grain Farming. It was this work and communication with famous breeders: Georgy Meister, Alexey Shekhurdin and Pyotr Konstantinov that determined the future scope of Nikolai Vasilyevich’s activity.

From the very beginning, the young scientist was interested in the problem of creating, based on distant hybridization, more productive varieties of the country's main food crop: wheat. The research he carried out on crossing wild and cultivated plants allowed him to create new varieties of plants with higher yields. Even then its fruitful scientific work Tsitsin, like his entire subsequent life, successfully combined social, organizational and government activities.

In 1932, he headed the laboratory of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids he organized in Omsk, which was later reorganized into the Siberian Research Institute of Grain Farming. In 1938, Tsitsin was appointed director of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow, into the creation and operation of which he invested a lot of effort.

Nikolai Vasilyevich in the 1940s headed the Institute of Grain Farming in the Central Regions of the Non-Black Earth Zone. Was the chairman State Commission for variety testing of agricultural crops at the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR and vice-president of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the USSR.

Under his leadership, on April 14, 1945, the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences was created, where he remained the permanent director until the end of his life. Thanks to the efforts of Tsitsin, this botanical garden has become a methodological and coordinating center for scientific research carried out by all other botanical gardens in our country.

In subsequent years, Nikolai Vasilyevich was also chairman of the board of the Council of Botanical Gardens of the USSR Academy of Sciences and president and vice-president International Association botanical gardens. At the same time, he continued his scientific work, being the head of the laboratory of remote hybridization of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union Socialist Republics and the laboratory of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids of the Institute of Grain Farming of the Non-Chernozem Strip. The scientist’s main works and research are devoted to distant hybridization of plants and are aimed at developing Michurin’s ideas in this area.

Tsitsin theoretically substantiated and practically proved the possibility of producing perennial wheat; its wheat-wheatgrass hybrids became especially widespread, which led to a significant increase in yield. He also contributed to the development of the scientific foundations of plant acclimatization and the organization of introduction work in the country. Many conclusions and scientific developments The scientist is still widely used by breeders today.

And vegetation in general. However, in order to stop considering the capital of Russia exclusively as a concrete jungle, it is enough to visit the Main Botanical Garden. What is the history of this unique organization and how to get a tour here today?

It is necessary to take care of nature at any time!

The Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin was founded in the capital on April 14, 1945. And this is not a mistake - the official victory in the Great Patriotic War had not yet been won, but was already preoccupied with the issue of preservation and study flora. The organization was unique for its time. From the moment the decision was made to create it, it was decided that the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR Academy of Sciences would become not only a place where plants would be collected and accumulated, but also actively researched. The organization immediately received the rank of a first category research institute. To create the garden, the Ostankino forest park area was allocated - beautiful place, in which several small rivers flow, total area which is about 360 hectares.

Don't have time to travel around the world? Visit the botanical garden!

Landscape architects and botanists from all over the world worked on the creation of the Main Russia. The area chosen for growing the plant boasts a significant variety of soils. Thanks to this, it has become possible to reproduce the flora of almost all continents of the Earth. Yours modern name Main Botanical Garden named after. It is no coincidence that the RAS received Tsitsin, the academician whose name this unique organization bears today was its permanent director for 36 years. Today the collection consists of more than 17 thousand plants brought here from all over the world. At the same time, important Scientific research are still ongoing here today.

Arboretum - the pride of the country's Main Garden

On the territory of the Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences there is a unique natural reserve - an array of natural forest, occupying an area of ​​​​about 50 hectares. This is mainly local oak; scientists estimate the age of many trees to be 100-200 years. The main botanical garden also boasts its own arboretum, which is located in its northern part. On an area of ​​about 7 5 hectares there are trees from all over the world. Many species had difficulty withstanding the harsh Russian winters, but many years of work by botanists made it possible to identify and develop the most resistant ecotypes. Research, carried out in the arboretum, made it possible to identify a significant number of species of trees and shrubs that are best suited for cultivation in our country. Today, these plants are successfully used for landscaping parks and gardens throughout Russia.

Many tourists come to the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences primarily to visit the Stock Greenhouse, where all year round you can admire exotic plants from the tropics and the Japanese Garden. But these are not all local attractions. The area of ​​ornamental plants is of significant interest. And the location of agricultural crops is one of the most unusual. Numerous varieties and hybrids of the same species grow nearby. By visiting this exhibition, you can significantly change your ideas about common vegetables and get many interesting ideas for your own garden. In the zone of cultivated plants, one can clearly trace the process of domestication, because next to the varieties of berries and vegetables “from the garden” that are familiar to us, their wild relatives grow.

Current information for tourists

Anyone can visit the Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin from mid-spring to mid-autumn every day from 10.00 to 20.00. An entrance fee is charged for entering the territory of some exhibitions. You can view the Stock Greenhouse only as part of an organized excursion group by appointment. The main botanical garden also offers excursion services when visiting other locations. When viewing the exhibitions in the company of a guide, you can not only admire but also learn many new and interesting facts.

What to do in the botanical garden? Who will be interested in this excursion?

Main Botanical Garden named after. Tsitsina in Moscow is a great place for walking. You can walk here all day, literally transporting from one climate zone to another. Along the way, studying tablets with the names of unknown plants and their brief description, you will learn many interesting facts. Not long ago, bicycle paths were laid in the garden. Now here you can not only enjoy a walk, but also ride. The entire territory of this unusual protected area is ideal for photo sessions. But the Japanese Garden makes an absolutely incredible impression in the spring. At this time, sakura blooms here, and this is a truly fantastic sight. How to get to the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences? The nearest metro station to the main entrance: “Vladykino”. If you go out into the city towards Botanicheskaya Street, you can walk. There is public transport from the VDNH metro station to the botanical garden. These are trolleybuses: 9, 36, 73 or buses: 24, 85, 803.

The Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences was opened on April 14, 1945. Today it is considered the largest botanical garden in Europe.

GBS occupies an area of ​​331.49 hectares; more than 18,000 types of plants grow on its territory, which are the national treasure of Russia. The Botanical Garden is not only a unique scientific institution, it is an educational and Education Centre, as well as a favorite place for Muscovites to walk and a rich plant museum.

The organization of the Botanical Garden became important event in post-war Moscow. He “became a kind of living monument Great Victory“, one of the garden directors wrote about him.

The preliminary designs for the territory of the future garden belong to the architect I.M. Petrov, who worked on them since 1940. According to the original project, from the north the border of the garden should have passed along Okruzhnaya railway, and from the south - along modern Academician Korolev Street. At the same time, capturing the territory of the entire Marfinsky complex in the west, and in the east extending to Mira Avenue. Subsequent projects limited the territory to Botanicheskaya Street in the west and Agricultural Street in the east.

The botanical garden was established in the North-East of the capital. Previously, the territory was occupied by the Ostankino forest (Erdenevskaya grove, which was part of the Ostankino oak grove), as well as the Leonovsky forest. Mostly oak, linden and maple grew here. The dominant shrubs were hazel, honeysuckle and viburnum.

In the 16th century these forest lands belonged to the princes of Cherkasy. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich loved to come here to hunt.

The Ostankino forest and the village of Ostashevo were part of the dowry that Varvara Cherkasskaya received when she married Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev. In the 18th century The new owner of the Ostankino forest, Count Nikolai Sheremetev, built the Ostankino estate, and turned part of the grove adjacent to the estate into an English park. The waters of the Kamenka River fed five ponds located on the territory of the park.

The main entrance to the park is located at the end of Botanicheskaya Street, next to the Vladykino metro station. Two snow-white towers and openwork gates offer views of the main alley of the garden. Not far from the entrance there is a cascade of three small ponds. Willows and birches are planted around the first pond. On the left side is the main building. In the lobby there is a sculpture of the goddess Flora.

The Arboretum is the largest part of the Botanical Garden. It covers an area of ​​75 hectares and was built as a landscape park. The arboretum is based on a forest of tree species familiar to our region - oak, birch, spruce and pine. Many foreign plants are planted here, which are hidden from the wind and cold by local species. The trees are planted in small groves, and species of the same plant can be clearly compared.

A walk along the paths of the arboretum is like traveling around the world. Here you can find North American thuja, Far Eastern aralia, Caucasian yew and Canadian spruce.

On the right side at the end of the main alley is the so-called “Garden of Continuous Flowering”. It is laid out in a vast clearing, bounded on one side by an oak grove, and on the other by Kamensky Ponds, which are the border of the botanical garden and VDNKh. A garden is a kind of living calendar of plants. Trees and shrubs alternate on it with perennial herbs. From early spring until late autumn The garden is filled with bright colors of flowering plants. Primroses are replaced by summer varieties, and Golden autumn provides park visitors with bright red and yellow foliage. An unusual multi-stemmed specimen of the Manchurian walnut, slender spruce and juniper trees grow here.

In the center of the garden there is one of the most interesting ideas of the creators of the Botanical Garden: a protected oak grove, a kind of reserve within a reserve. This is the territory of the old Ostankino forest. Average age trees are over 150 years old, but two-hundred-year-old specimens are often found. Oaks, aspen, birch and rowan grow here. The undergrowth typical for it has also been preserved in the oak forest. The oak grove is surrounded by a fence. According to the original idea of ​​the creators of the reserve, only garden employees could enter its territory; there are almost no paths inside the oak grove. Unfortunately, poor funding does not currently allow us to maintain the purity of the experiment. The fence has simply fallen in many places, and only the lack of paths and the inaccessible appearance of the forest stops casual passers-by.

Nevertheless, such an example of untouched nature, one of the northern oak forests of central Russia within the boundaries of a huge metropolis, is a unique phenomenon in the world practice of park construction.

In 1987, the “Japanese Garden” exhibition was set up on the territory of the Botanical Garden. This most interesting exotic composition was created according to the design of the famous Japanese architect K. Nakajima. The garden combines Japanese flora and architectural elements. It's like a small island of Japan in the middle of Moscow. The territory of the garden is cut through by a network of streams and ponds, across which wooden bridges are thrown. The most beautiful time It’s spring in the garden, when the cherry blossoms bloom. In winter, the garden, covered with snow, is closed to the public. Traditional Japanese tea ceremonies take place in the garden.

In 1991, the Main Botanical Garden was named after Academician Nikolai Vasilyevich Tsitsin (1898-1980), an outstanding botanist, geneticist and breeder, the first director of the Garden, who led it for 35 years.