Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a Russian democratic poet, the author of brilliant examples of civil poetry, who made poetry the “people's lyre” and a weapon in the struggle for the rights of the oppressed people. His poetic muse is the muse of “revenge and sadness,” pain, and the fight against injustice against the peasantry.

The poet was born on November 28, 1821 in the city of Nemirov (Vinnitsa district of Podolsk province, now the territory of Ukraine). His parents met in Nemirov - his father served in a regiment stationed in this city, his mother, Elena Zakrevskaya, was one of the best - the most beautiful and educated - brides in the town. Zakrevskaya’s parents did not intend to give their daughter to officer Nekrasov, who clearly married for convenience (by the time he met Zakrevskaya, he had accumulated gambling debts and a desire to resolve the financial issue through a profitable marriage). As a result, Elena marries against the will of her parents, and, of course, the marriage turns out to be unhappy - her unloving husband made her an eternal recluse. The image of the mother, bright and gentle, entered Nekrasov’s lyrics as the ideal of femininity and kindness (poem “Mother” 1877, “Knight for an Hour” 1860-62), and the image of the father was transformed into the image of a wild, unbridled and stupid despot.

Nekrasov's literary development cannot be separated from the facts of his difficult biography. Soon after the poet's birth, the family moved to his father's family estate, in Greshnev, Yaroslavl region. The poet had 12 brothers and sisters, most of whom died in early age. The father was forced to work - the local income was not enough for the needs of a large family - and he began to serve in the police as a police officer. He often took his son with him to work, so from an early age the child witnessed debt collection, suffering and prayer, and death.

1831 - Nikolai Nekrasov is sent to study at a gymnasium in Yaroslavl. The boy was capable, but he managed to ruin his relationship with the team - he was harsh, had a sharp tongue, and wrote ironic poems about his classmates. After the 5th grade, he stopped studying (there is an opinion that the father stopped paying for education, not seeing the need for education for his not very diligent son).

1837 - 16-year-old Nekrasov begins independent life in St. Petersburg. Against the will of his father, who saw him as a modest official, Nikolai tries to enter the university at the Faculty of Philology. He did not pass the exams, but with tenacity he stormed the faculty for 3 years, attending classes as a volunteer. At this time, his father refused to support him financially, so he had to live in terrible poverty, sometimes spending the night in homeless shelters, and in constant hunger.

He managed to earn his first money as a tutor - Nekrasov serves as a teacher in a wealthy family, while simultaneously writing fairy tales and editing alphabet books for children's publications.

1840 - Nekrasov earns money as a playwright and critic - the St. Petersburg theater stages several of his plays, and Literaturnaya Gazeta publishes several articles. Having saved up money, in the same year Nekrasov published at his own expense a collection of poems, “Dreams and Sounds,” which came under such a barrage of criticism that the poet bought almost the entire edition and burned it.

1840s: Nekrasov meets Vissarion Belinsky (who shortly before had mercilessly criticized his first poems) and begins a fruitful collaboration with the journal Otechestvennye zapiski.

1846: an improved financial situation allowed Nekrasov to become a publisher himself - he left their “Notes” and bought the magazine “Sovremennik”, which began to publish young and talented writers and critics who left “Notes” after Nekrasov. The tsarist censorship closely monitors the content of the magazine, which has gained great popularity, so in 1866 it was closed.

1866: Nekrasov buys out the magazine Otechestvennye Zapiski, where he previously worked, and intends to bring it to the same level of popularity to which he managed to bring Sovremennik. Since then, he has been more actively self-publishing.

The following works are published:

  • “Sasha” (1855. Poem about a thinking woman. Sasha is close to the people and loves them. She is at a crossroads in life, thinks a lot about life, when she meets a young socialist. Agarin tells Sasha about the social world order, inequality and struggle, he is positive determined and waiting for the “sun of truth.” Several years pass, and Agarin has lost faith that the people can be controlled and given freedom, he can only philosophize on the topic of how to give the peasants freedom, and what they will do with it, Sasha. at this time he is engaged in small things, but real things- she provides medical assistance to the peasants).
  • “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (1860 - 1877. Epic peasant poem, exposing the inability of the autocracy to provide the people with genuine freedom, despite the abolition of serfdom. The poem paints pictures folk life and is vividly filled with folk speech).
  • "Peddlers" (1861).
  • “Frost, Red Nose” (1863. A poem praising the fortitude of a Russian peasant woman, capable of hard work, loyalty, dedication, and fulfillment of duty).
  • “Russian Women” (1871-71. Poem, dedicated to courage Decembrists who followed their husbands into exile. Contains 2 parts “Princess Volkonskaya” and “Princess Trubetskaya”. Two heroines decide to follow their exiled husbands. The princesses, who do not know a hungry, impoverished existence or hard work, abandon their former life. They demonstrate not only the love and mutual assistance inherent in all homemakers by default, but also open opposition to authority).

Poems:

  • "Railway"
  • "Knight for an Hour"
  • "Uncompressed strip"
  • "Prophet",
  • cycles of poems about peasant children,
  • cycles of poems about urban beggars,
  • “Panaevsky cycle” - poems dedicated to his common-law wife

1875 - the poet becomes seriously ill, but, fighting the pain, finds the strength to write.

1877: latest works- satirical poem “Contemporaries” and the cycle of poems “Last Songs”.

The poet died on December 27, 1877 in St. Petersburg and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. Despite the terrible frost, accompanying the poet to last path thousands of admirers came.

Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich, (1821-1877) Russian poet

Born in the town of Nemirovo (Podolsk province) in the family of a small nobleman. My childhood years were spent in the village of Greshnev on the family estate of my father, an extremely despotic man. At the age of 10 he was sent to the Yaroslavl gymnasium.

At the age of 17 he moved to St. Petersburg, but, refusing to devote himself military career, as his father insisted, was deprived of material support. In order not to die of hunger, he began to write poetry commissioned by booksellers. During this time he met V. Belinsky.

In 1847, Nekrasov and Panaev acquired the Sovremennik magazine, founded by A.S. Pushkin. The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication and then completely banned the magazine.

While working on Sovremennik, Nekrasov published several collections of poems, including “Peddlers” (1856) and “Peasant Children” (1856), which brought him fame as a poet.

In 1869, Nekrasov acquired the right to publish the journal Otechestvennye zapiski and published it. During his work at Otechestvennye zapiski, he created the poems “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (1866-1876), “Grandfather” (1870), “Russian Women” (1871-1872), wrote a series of satirical works, the pinnacle of which was the poem “ Contemporaries" (1875).

At the beginning of 1875, Nekrasov became seriously ill; neither the famous surgeon nor the operation could stop the rapidly developing rectal cancer. At this time, he began work on the cycle “Last Songs” (1877), a kind of poetic testament dedicated to Fekla Anisimovna Viktorova (in the work of Nekrasov Zinaida), last love poet. Nekrasov died at the age of 56.

A very short biography (in a nutshell)

Born on December 10, 1821 in Nemirov, Podolsk province. Father - Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov (1788-1862), lieutenant. Mother - Elena Andreevna Zakrevskaya (1801-1841). In 1832 he entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium. From 1839 to 1841 he studied at St. Petersburg University. He died on January 8, 1878, at the age of 56 in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg. Main works: “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, “Grandfather Mazai and the Hares”, “Frost, Red Nose”, “Russian Women”, “Peasant Children”, “Grandfather” and others.

Brief biography (details)

Nikolai Nekrasov is a Russian poet, writer, publicist and classic of Russian literature. In addition, Nekrasov was a democratic revolutionary, head of the Sovremennik magazine and editor of the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine. The writer’s most famous work is the poem-novel “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on December 10, 1821 in Nemirov into a noble family. The writer spent his childhood years in the Yaroslavl province. At the age of 11, he entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium, where he studied for 5 years.

The writer's father was a rather despotic man. When Nikolai refused to become a military man at the insistence of his father, he was deprived of financial support.

At the age of 17, the writer moved to St. Petersburg, where, in order to survive, he wrote poetry to order. During this period he met Belinsky. When Nekrasov was 26 years old, together with literary critic Panaev, bought the Sovremennik magazine. The magazine quickly gained momentum and had great influence in society. However, in 1862 the government banned its publication.

While working at Sovremennik, several collections of Nekrasov’s poems were published. Among them are those who brought him fame in wide circles. For example, “Peasant Children” and “Peddlers”. In the 1840s, Nekrasov also began to collaborate with the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, and in 1868 he rented it from Kraevsky.

During the same period, he wrote the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”, as well as “Russian Women”, “Grandfather” and more a whole series satirical works, including the popular poem "Contemporaries".

In 1875, the poet became terminally ill. IN recent years he worked on a cycle of poems “Last Songs,” which he dedicated to his wife and last love, Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova. The writer died on January 8, 1878 and was buried at the St. Petersburg Novodevichy cemetery.

On November 22, 1821, Nikolai Nekrasov was born in the Podolsk province, in the city of Nemirov. The future writer was of noble origin, but the childhood of the future Russian poet was by no means joyful. Nikolai's father, Alexey Sergeevich Nekrasov, a wealthy nobleman, had a passion for gambling and was quite cruel person. Throughout their childhood, little Nikolai and his 13 brothers and sisters observed their father’s rudeness towards servants and relatives. In addition, frequent travels with his father left in the memory of the future poet a sad picture of the life of Russian peasants. Later, what he saw would be embodied in the famous work “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

In 1832, 11-year-old Nekrasov began studying at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Despite the fact that studying was difficult for the future poet, it was during this period that his first poems began to appear. At the age of 17, by order of his father, Nikolai Nekrasov tries to enroll in military service, but fate decrees otherwise: the thirst for knowledge leads the poet to the doors of St. Petersburg University. He goes as a volunteer, attends lectures at the Faculty of Philology and gives private lessons to earn some money. At this time, Nekrasov met V. G. Belinsky, he had a significant influence on creative path poet.

Nikolai Nekrasov is known not only as a famous poet, but also as an excellent journalist and publicist. In 1840, he began writing for the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, and already at the beginning of 1847, together with Ivan Panaev, he leased the founded A.S. Pushkin magazine "Contemporary".

3rd grade, 4th grade, 5th, 6th grade. For children. 7th grade

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

Other biographies:

  • Charlemagne

    Charlemagne was born into the family of a court dignitary. Both the mother and father of the future monarch were powerful and active people. Both participated in politics and tried to unite with neighboring powers peacefully.

    • Thales of Miletus is considered the founder of Greek philosophy, and, accordingly, of European philosophy in general. Miletus is a city on the periphery of Greek civilization, where philosophy was largely born

  • Lewis Carroll

    The real name of the writer and mathematician from England, working under the pseudonym Carroll Lewis, is Charles Latwidge Dodgson (1832-1898), who was born in a village in Cheshire into the family of a local clergyman.

  • Oseeva Valentina

    Valentina Aleksandrovna Oseeva is a great writer of the Soviet era. Born in 1902 in the city of Kyiv. In addition to Valentina, the family consisted of two older sisters.

  • Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich

    Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich was born on March 31, 1823. IN big city- Moscow. In a merchant family. At the age of 8, his mother dies. His father's dream was to see his son become a lawyer, but he began to show interest in literature.

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov born October 10 (November 28), 1821 in Ukraine, near Vinnitsa, in the town of Nemirov. The boy was not even three years old when his father, a Yaroslavl landowner and retired officer, moved his family to the family estate Greshnevo. Here he spent his childhood - among the apple trees of a vast garden, near the Volga, which Nekrasov called the cradle, and next to the famous Sibirka, or Vladimirka, about which he recalled: “Everything that walked and traveled along it and was known, starting with postal troikas and ending with prisoners , chained, accompanied by guards, was the constant food of our childhood curiosity."

1832 – 1837 – studied at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Nekrasov is an average student, periodically conflicting with his superiors over his satirical poems.

In 1838 it began literary life, which lasted forty years.

1838 – 1840 – Nikolai Nekrasov was a volunteer student at the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University. Having learned about this, his father deprives him of financial support. According to Nekrasov’s own recollections, he lived in poverty for about three years, surviving on small odd jobs. At the same time, the poet is part of the literary and journalistic circle of St. Petersburg.

Also in 1838, Nekrasov’s first publication took place. The poem “Thought” is published in the magazine “Son of the Fatherland”. Later, several poems appear in the “Library for Reading”, then in the “Literary Additions to the Russian Invalid”.
Nekrasov's poems appeared in print in 1838; in 1840, at his own expense, the first collection of poems, “Dreams and Sounds,” signed “N.N.”, was published. The collection was not successful even after criticism from V.G. Belinsky in Otechestvennye Zapiski was destroyed by Nekrasov and became a bibliographic rarity.

For the first time, his attitude to the living conditions of the poorest strata Russian population and open slavery is expressed in the poem “Talker” (1843). From this period, Nekrasov began to write poems with an actual social orientation, which a little later became interested in censorship. Such anti-serfdom poems appeared as “The Coachman’s Tale”, “Motherland”, “Before the Rain”, “Troika”, “The Gardener”. The poem “Motherland” was immediately banned by censorship, but was distributed in manuscripts and became especially popular in revolutionary circles. Belinsky rated this poem so highly that he was completely delighted.

Using the borrowed money, the poet, together with the writer Ivan Panaev, rented the Sovremennik magazine in the winter of 1846. Young progressive writers and all those who serfdom it was hateful. The first issue of the new Sovremennik took place in January 1847. It was the first magazine in Russia that expressed revolutionary democratic ideas and, most importantly, had a coherent and clear program of action. The very first issues included “The Thieving Magpie” and “Who’s to Blame?” Herzen, stories from “Notes of a Hunter” by Turgenev, articles by Belinsky and many other works of the same focus. Nekrasov published “Hound Hunt” from his works.

The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication and then completely banned the magazine.

In 1866, Sovremennik was closed. In 1868, Nekrasov acquired the right to publish the journal Otechestvennye zapiski, with which the last years of his life were associated. During his work at Otechestvennye zapiski, he created the poems “Who Lives Well in Rus'” (1866-1876), “Grandfather” (1870) ), “Russian Women” (1871-1872), wrote a series of satirical works, the pinnacle of which was the poem “Contemporaries” (1878).

The last years of the poet's life were filled with elegiac motifs associated with the loss of friends, awareness of loneliness, and serious illness. During this period the following works appeared: “Three Elegies” (1873), “Morning”, “Despondency”, “Elegy” (1874), “The Prophet” (1874), “To the Sowers” ​​(1876). In 1877, the cycle of poems “Last Songs” was created.

Nekrasov’s funeral at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg acquired the character of a socio-political manifestation. At the civil memorial service, speeches were made by Dostoevsky, P.V. Zasodimsky, G.V. Plekhanov and others. In 1881, a monument was erected at the grave (sculptor M.A. Chizhov).

Streets were named after Nekrasov: in St. Petersburg in 1918 (former Basseynaya, see Nekrasova Street), in Rybatskoye, Pargolovo. His name was given to Library No. 9 of the Smolninsky District and Pedagogical School No. 1. In 1971, a monument to Nekrasov was unveiled on the corner of Nekrasov Street and Grechesky Avenue (sculptor L. Yu. Eidlin, architect V. S. Vasilkovsky).