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Subject: Psychology
"Psychology in the activities of police officers."
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PLAN
Introduction
1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways to prevent and overcome them
- 2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers
- 3. Legal grounds and psychological characteristics of the actions of police officers in official and extreme situations. Security Management
- Conclusion
- List of used literature
Introduction
In the “Concept for the development of internal affairs bodies and internal troops”, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 145-1996, activities to strengthen the spiritual and moral foundations of service, instilling in personnel a sense of patriotism, citizenship, compliance with the law and ethical standards, strict implementation of the Oath and orders is defined as a priority direction. In this regard, the problems of professional psychological selection, monitoring and strengthening of service discipline and legality among police personnel, being of great relevance, require appropriate legal regulation and instrumental psychological support.
An analysis of departmental disciplinary statistics shows that in 2006, compared to 2005, the number of employees held accountable for violating the law increased by 9.0%, as well as by 1.8% for disciplinary violations. Of particular concern is the increase in those brought to justice for committing crimes in units for combating economic crimes (by 33.3%) and in private security (by 15.4%). The state of work with personnel of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation for 2006: Collection of analytical and information materials. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2007. - P. 45.
1. Emotional negative states of police officers and ways to prevent and overcome them.
It is known that the activities of police officers are characterized by situations that are distinguished by the presence of factors that have the power to influence people and their activities, called extreme ones. In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase the extreme nature of the activities of the police department, associated with the detention of criminals, the release of hostages, the use of weapons, and ensuring law and order during mass events, natural disasters and emergency situations. Extreme (from the Latin extremum - limit, extreme) are situations that pose great difficulties to a person, oblige him to the full, utmost effort of strength and capabilities in order to cope with them and solve the task at hand.
The results of comprehensive studies by psychologists of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs showed that factors such as long working hours, constant contact with asocial elements, the need for full dedication of mental and physical strength in suppressing crimes reduce the functional reserves of the body, up to their complete depletion. This determines high demands on the mental sphere of the personality of police officers, their resistance to stress and psychological readiness to operate in extreme conditions.
Consequently, prolonged exposure to stress factors, the presence of a constant vital threat to life, a high probability of death or injury, traumatization place high demands not only on the level of professional preparedness, but also on the psychological qualities of the individual, which determine psychological readiness for activity in extreme conditions.
Multifaceted research conducted by Adaev A. I., Abolin L. M., Vasilyev V. A., Volkov A. A., Korchemny P. A., Krupnik E. P., Kon I. S., Platonov K. K. ., Rodionov A.V., Stolyarenko A.M., Smirnov V.N., Tsoi A.A., Chudnovsky V.E., Chovdyrova G.S. and other psychologists allow us to highlight one of the essential psychological qualities - stability of the personality of a police officer to extreme situations of official activity.
In the psychological literature, the concept of “resilience” has several interpretations. Thus, the word “stable” in many countries around the world means “stable, resistant, solid, durable, strong.” The “Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language” gives two synonyms for this word: “stability, balance.” In A. Reber’s dictionary, “stable” is understood as a characteristic of an individual whose behavior is relatively reliable and consistent.
This versatility of the concept of “sustainability” is due, first of all, to the fact that the use of this term in relation to the processes of formation, development and formation of a personality, to describe various aspects of its behavior and activities. In the literature you can find the following terminological combinations: “personal stability”, “behavioral stability”, “professional activity stability”, “stress resistance”, “emotional stability”, “volitional stability”, “mental stability”, “emotional volitional stability”, “moral stability”, “psychological stability” (Zavarzina L.V., 2002).
A special place should be given to the psychological stability of police officers - as a kind of foundation for professional readiness to perform actions in extreme conditions of operational and official activities.
Psychological stability is understood as a holistic characteristic of a personality that ensures its resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of difficult situations (Yaroshevsky M. G., 1990).
A law enforcement officer (police patrol service, private security detention groups, operational workers, etc.) more often than anyone else finds himself in difficult and sometimes dangerous psychological situations in his daily work activities, which have a stressful effect on the employee’s psyche.
Therefore, psychological training of employees in an educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs should be aimed at developing resistance to:
* negative factors of operational and official activity: tension, responsibility, risk, danger, lack of time, uncertainty, surprise, etc.;
* factors that have a strong effect on the psyche: the type of blood, corpse, bodily injury, etc.;
* situations of confrontation: the ability to conduct a psychological struggle with persons who oppose the prevention, detection and investigation of crimes, to resist psychological pressure, manipulation from both law-abiding citizens and offenders; do not give in to provocations, etc.;
* conflict situations in work activities: the ability to analyze the internal causes of the conflict, understand the patterns of their occurrence, course and methods of resolving conflict situations: insult and violence against the individual, hooliganism, robbery, murder, resistance to government officials, verbal and physical aggression, etc. .; the ability to control oneself in psychologically tense, conflicting, provoking situations.
Frequent exposure to dangerous and sometimes life-threatening situations requires these individuals to be able to control themselves, quickly assess difficult situations and make the most appropriate decisions, which will contribute to more effective implementation of assigned tasks and a reduction in emergency incidents and disruptions in professional activity among the personnel of internal affairs bodies business
An employee’s inability to regulate his mental state and actions leads to negative and often severe consequences for both himself and others. The inability to control one’s behavior reduces the ability of a person’s socio-psychological adaptation to given environmental conditions and is a serious obstacle to the realization of one’s life potential.
Employees of internal affairs bodies are daily influenced by various factors, often of a stressful nature, which in turn can lead to fatigue, overwork, the emergence of various negative emotional states, and disorders in professional and official activities.
In this regard, employee mastery of techniques and methods of psychological self-regulation is a very urgent task of modern times. Greater success in their careers is achieved by those employees who have stronger nerves, who are better able to tune in to fight an enemy (criminal), who know how to more rationally manage not only their physical and mental resources, but also maintain neuropsychic activity at an optimal level, demonstrate one’s psychological stability in difficult operational situations.
Analysis of the above works allows us to conclude that the main condition for psychological stability is the search activity itself, in particular, the activity of police officers included in the educational process.
The high need of employees to find new abilities and opportunities to counteract negative factors, a creative attitude towards themselves and the surrounding reality, readiness to master psychological techniques (neurolinguistic programming, psychosynthesis, group therapy, socio-psychological training, etc.) to regulate psycho-emotional states will allow them to overcome destructive the impact of unfavorable life circumstances and to form the stability of the personality of law enforcement officers.
During the course of special initial training by private and junior commanding officers in professional psychological training classes, the following can be used to develop psychological training:
* psychodiagnostics (observation, conversation, testing);
* trainings on the development of professional memory, attention and observation;
* psychophysical training on overcoming obstacles (complications, obstacle course, labyrinths);
* ideomotor training;
* trainings using elements of surprise, time pressure, noise and fire effects (moral and psychological level);
* trainings on mastering situations related to the perception of suffering, blood, wounds, injuries, killed;
* training in the basics of autogenic training;
* trainings of self-hypnosis, self-persuasion, attitude;
* SOPT (situational-figurative psychoregulatory training, an employee’s mental listing of individual value qualities and situations in which he succeeded in something).
The expediency of practical exercises and trainings is justified by the existence of a psychological pattern: a person who has repeatedly found himself in difficult conditions and coped with them has a greater chance of emerging with honor from the next extreme situation than someone who has never found himself in them.
The analysis of working conditions for the performance of official tasks by law enforcement officers showed the need to improve methods for developing psychological resistance to the frustrating and stressful effects of extreme situations of professional activity.
2. The main factors of manifestation and prevention of professional deformation of the personality of police officers
In modern Russia, in the context of the proclamation of a course towards building a civil society, an employee of internal affairs bodies needs not only high professional preparedness, but also stable professional moral and psychological qualities, a willingness to resist the influence of factors of professional deformation. However, the problem of professional deformation cannot be considered in isolation from a broader problem - the influence of activity on the individual.
Professional deformation of the personality of a police officer is a change in the professional capabilities and personality of an employee in an asocial direction, arising as a result of negative features of the content, organization and conditions of official activity.
Risk factors for professional deformation may include:
· instability of individual psychological characteristics;
· level of adaptation to professional activities;
· manifestations of psychological defenses;
· behavioral deviations;
· violations of self-control and self-regulation;
· narrowing of the cognitive sphere;
· features of the intellectual sphere;
· reduced tolerance to emotional stress;
· pronounced emotional tension;
· lack of formation of moral and psychological formations in the personality structure;
· unformed attitudes towards compliance with moral standards.
Forms of manifestation of professional deformation
The personality traits of a professionally deformed employee manifest themselves in different ways and in many combinations, but in the end their development leads to the professional uselessness of this employee or (in the worst case) to his violation of the law or immoral actions.
The following main indicators of professional deformation can be identified:
1. A biased attitude towards the object of official activity - a citizen or group of citizens who act in various official legal roles.
2. Arbitrarily subjective interpretation of norm-abiding behavior and normative regulation of official activities. Its empirical manifestations.
3. Transfer of the manner of official communication, certain professional methods and techniques to non-work areas. Professional coarsening of personality.
Methodological problems of the influence of activity on personality, the principles of the unity of consciousness and activity are considered in the works of S. L. Rubinstein, L. S. Vygotsky, B. G. Ananyev, A. N. Leontiev, B. F. Lomov. S. L. Rubinstein wrote: “Overcoming abstract functionalism and moving to the study of the psyche in concrete activity, in which it not only manifests itself, but is also formed.” Later, V.N. Myasishchev, emphasizing the importance of studying the relationship between the individual and the subject of activity, pointed out that “the psychology of impersonal processes should be replaced by the psychology of the activity of the individual, or the individual in activity.” Myasishchev V.N. Personality and neuroses. - L., 1960. - P.7. .
Discussing the connection between activity and personality, A. N. Kitov identifies such functions of activity in the life of an individual as a specific mechanism for satisfying the needs of the individual; the internal transformable and felt world of the individual; “transfer” of personal qualities and properties, abilities and skills of a person to one’s subject; manifestation not only externally (exteriorization), but at the same time internalization of activity, taking an ideal form and entailing significant changes in the psyche.
For a long time in Russian psychological and pedagogical science it was understood that work is the main and main factor in the formation of a person. It was believed that a working person was already mature and fully developed. Much has been written about the educational influence of professional activity on the process of positive personality formation. The negative impact of specific specialized work has been studied much less in psychology. Thus, S. G. Gellerstein at one time called for studying only the positive influence of work on a person. Problems of psychotechnics on the threshold of the second five-year plan \\Soviet psychotechnics - 1932. -No. 1-2.-P. 19. . For a long time it was believed that work itself protects a person from various deformations of consciousness and personality. However, in labor psychology and engineering psychology it is assumed that in work a person not only “develops” in a positive sense, but also becomes deformed. Although A. S. Makarenko also wrote that work has the property of neutrality in relation to the effects of education. He can raise a spiritually rich personality, a slave, and an egoist Makarenko A.S. Soch. T. 5. - P.42. 16 .
The problem of professional deformation initially developed on the basis of scientific work carried out by specialists in the field of occupational psychology, industrial medicine, hygiene, sanitation, and safety work, where the relationships between the subjective and purely individual characteristics of professional people were recognized and studied. These relationships have been studied quite fully, reflecting the psychophysiological aspect of the existence of individuality. However, these works differ significantly in their approaches and conceptual frameworks of study.
In legal psychology, the problem of preventing professional deformation of the personality of law enforcement officers is also reflected. Analysis and systematization of specific works, to one degree or another devoted to the problem of professional deformation in the internal affairs bodies or police of foreign countries, makes it possible to identify certain trends.
The first of them is that some authors (N.L. Granat, A.A. Molchanov, A.A. Ushakov, etc.), considering the problem both specifically and in the context of other problems of the functioning of the ATS, either do not disclose the essence of professional deformation, or only partially indicate it.
The second trend is characterized by the desire to more specifically outline the essence of negative personality changes that relate to professionally important qualities (D. P. Kotov, G. G. Shikhantsov, 1976; V. A. Lazareva, 1987; V. I. Belosludtsev, I. I. Sokolov, 1995; V. S. Medvedev, 1996), in particular, professional orientation (E. A. Kozlovskaya), features of professional thinking (V. E. Konovalova), the emergence or sharpening of cynicism, suspicion, hostility (A. Nieder- hoffer, G. Singleton, J. Teahar) and others.
The third trend is characterized by attempts not only to reveal the essence of professional deformation, but also to determine its determinants (indicators, criteria, causes, manifestations, etc.). In relation to law enforcement activities, the problem of professional deformation is considered in the works of Budanov A.V., Beznosov S.P., Borisova S.E., Lunina E.N., Medvedev V.S., Novikov B.D., Ratinov A.R. and others. According to according to the works of A. V. Budanov, professional deformation is a change in the professional capabilities and personal qualities of an employee of internal affairs bodies in a negative direction under the influence of conditions and experience of professional activity in the presence of distorted experience or a distorted understanding of professional experience by the employee. Professional deformation begins with the fact that an internal affairs officer “loses a true understanding of the moral meaning of his profession. The sense of professional duty is dulled, work seems increasingly meaningless, and susceptibility to negative influences increases...”
The phenomenon of professional deformation has a negative impact on the motivation of official behavior of police officers, has a wide range of manifestations (in the moral, intellectual, professional and emotional spheres), including a change in attitude towards the object of activity: from complete rejection (aggressiveness, rudeness, rudeness) to forgiveness , non-official connections with criminal elements, moral and material dependence on them, taking on illegal obligations, which ultimately leads to antisocial behavior and legal conflicts.
According to A.V. Budanov, professional deformation can be expressed in a police officer in the following areas: professional-moral, intellectual, emotional-volitional and the sphere of professional actions. In the professional and moral sphere, deformation manifests itself in the loss of a correct understanding of the civil and moral meaning of professional activity, the formation of a feeling of its futility, the development of an indifferent attitude towards work, or the tendency to consider professional activity as a means of achieving purely personal, selfish goals.
In the intellectual sphere, deformation manifests itself as a loss of the ability for independent professional thinking and decision-making, for independent professional development, in stereotyped
3. Legal grounds and psychological characteristics of the actions of police officers in emergency service situations. Security management.
The penal system (penal system) of the Ministry of Justice (Ministry of Justice) of Russia includes special units (special purpose departments), which were formed in the early 1990s with the aim of implementing functions specific to the penal system: suppression and elimination of mass riots in places of detention freedom; neutralizing armed criminals and releasing persons taken hostage in penal institutions; participation in the search and detention of convicted persons and persons in custody who have escaped, etc.
When participating in the counter-terrorism operation in the North Caucasus, employees of the special purpose departments (OSN) of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, in addition to the above (and primarily), also perform functions of protecting important government facilities and escorting various persons and cargo.
During the explosion of a complex of government buildings in the capital of the Chechen Republic on December 27, 2002, employees of the OSN of the penal system who were guarding it were killed and injured. The specificity of business trips for “special forces” employees carrying out the security and defense of the pre-trial detention center in Grozny is the need to serve in a limited space with frequent combat contact with the enemy. Special-purpose departments in other regions of Chechnya are in similar conditions.
In all such cases, OSN are used, in essence, as army units. Meanwhile, the “special forces” of the penal system of the Russian Ministry of Justice were not initially intended and not adapted (insufficient weapons, fundamentally different from military tactics) for conducting military combat.
In connection with the complex range of tasks solved by fighters of the special forces of the penal system in the North Caucasus, the problem of psychological support for their service and combat activities (SBA) arose.
The main goal of such support is: optimal use of the psychological resources of OSN employees, ensuring their successful implementation of operational and service and service-combat tasks in the territory of the North Caucasus region; restoration, preservation and improvement of the performance of fighters.
Stages of psychological support
In general, the system of psychological support for security personnel of special forces during a counter-terrorism operation represents activities that, from an organizational point of view, can be divided into three stages.
The first stage is psychological preparation for work in extreme conditions. Activities carried out at this stage include professional training, staffing the unit, taking into account socio-psychological patterns and individual personal characteristics of fighters.
The second stage - psychological support in a “hot spot” - includes measures for psychological support of personnel during the performance of service and combat missions.
The third stage - psychological work with special forces soldiers upon return to their permanent place of deployment - involves taking measures for the psychological rehabilitation of employees, as well as using the positive consequences of extreme situations to optimize the training of special forces personnel.
At each of the three stages of psychological support for the activities of OSN employees taking part in the counter-terrorism operation in the North Caucasus, various organizational and methodological approaches and a specific algorithm of actions for psychologists are used.
This scheme for organizing psychological support assumes the complexity, consistency and effectiveness of the activities carried out, restoration and support of the ability of special forces soldiers to perform service and combat missions.
Objectives of psychological training
At the stage of psychological preparation of employees for a business trip to the North Caucasus, the main tasks are:
· psychological examination of personnel sent on a business trip;
· psychological support for recruitment and group cohesion of dispatched units;
· special psychological training for employees and groups leaving on business trips.
The main directions of work of psychologists at this stage follow from the above tasks:
· psychological diagnostics of personnel sent on business trips;
· study of the socio-psychological climate and psychodiagnostics of group cohesion of the units being formed;
· training employees in methods and techniques of psychological self-regulation in everyday and extreme activities.
The implementation of areas of work is organized by the head of the special purpose department together with his deputies and carried out by a psychologist. Methodological recommendations for psychological support for the activities of employees of the penal system carrying out counter-terrorism measures in the North Caucasus region. GUIN of the Russian Ministry of Justice. M., 2003. .
Psychological selection
How does an OSD psychologist carry out such work in practice?
1 - psychological selection. A predisposition in long-term extreme conditions to such negative manifestations as a weakening of self-discipline and a decrease in moral control can be predicted using psychodiagnostic examinations already at the preliminary stage, during a conversation with the selected candidate V.S. Berdnikov, E.S. Kazurova. Primary selection of candidates for service in the OSN. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Kreneva Yu.A. Psychodiagnostic techniques used to select candidates for service in the OSN. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. on secondment to a “hot spot”.
Specialists from the psychological service of the penal system of the Russian Ministry of Justice use a set of measures when selecting OSN fighters. These activities include:
· conversations with the candidate (autobiographical nuances, behavioral manifestations, voluntary participation in a business trip, the presence of penalties, the state of family relationships, etc. are clarified);
· psychodiagnostic examination (SMIL, L.N. Sobchik), color choice test (M. Lusher), “Sixteen-factor personality questionnaire”, R. Cattell).
In general, we can talk about the following main psychological “contraindications” to being sent to serve in the counter-terrorist operation zone: inadequate attitudes and distorted motivation (for example, the predominance of material motives - a business trip as an opportunity to “earn extra money”), low stress resistance, weak self-control, aggressiveness, low sociometric status of a special forces officer, etc.
Psychological preparation
2 - psychological preparation. Training should be aimed at: increasing the efficiency of performing professional tasks; to ensure personal safety Patsakul I.I. Psychology of professional safety of employees of special forces of law enforcement agencies in extreme operating conditions (based on materials from a study of individual professional safety): Abstract of thesis. dis. ...cand. psychol. Sci. Ryazan, 2001.
; to preserve the physical and mental health of employees. Psychological training program for employees of special departments of internal affairs agencies operating in emergency situations, including armed conflicts: Methodological recommendations. M., 1997. . In extreme training conditions, due to the great dynamism of the events taking place, their combat mental states come to the fore in terms of significance and influence on the behavior of employees, which make it possible to quickly resolve a kaleidoscope of changing situations Smirnov V.N. Features of professional and psychological training of employees of special units of internal affairs bodies for actions in extreme conditions. M., 2002.; The ability for voluntary self-regulation of functional states as a criterion for determining the professional success of employees of special purpose departments of the penal system: Work program. MPL GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the Rostov region. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. .
Formation of moral and psychological readiness
Before sending OSN officers to a “hot spot”, employees of the psychological service of the penal system of the Ministry of Justice of Russia carry out a number of special events to form moral and psychological readiness among personnel for activities in extreme conditions. These include:
· information preparation (ethnographic features of the region of upcoming service, the background of the conflict, the reasons for its occurrence, features of the operational situation and the state of affairs at the present stage, national character and folk traditions, features of interethnic communication of the conflicting parties, normative and legislative acts regulating the activities of the OSN);
· developing in each employee a belief in the validity of the goals and objectives facing the department during his stay in this region (this criterion includes the confidence of OSN fighters in the humanity and necessity of the measures taken by the Russian government to localize and resolve the conflict, a sense of legal and social security each employee and his family members);
· preparation of personnel for service in unusual conditions (weather, difficult living conditions, social isolation or even hostile attitude towards employees of the surrounding civilian population, physical and fire confrontation);
· developing the ability of OSN employees to act autonomously if necessary;
· development of special skills (providing first aid to the victim; communication with representatives of the conflicting parties, which requires knowledge of offensive, friendly, attention-grabbing, conversational, welcoming or apologetic gestures and expressions, the ability to determine by external signs the readiness of the interlocutor for aggressive actions or to win over citizens in the process of communication, to evoke in them a feeling of respect; the ability to withstand “soft pressure”, i.e. resistance to requests from civilians expressed in the form of invitations to visit, offering gifts, “tearful” persuasion for help, etc. etc., and associated, as a rule, with violations of job descriptions, deviation from the established route, ignoring the rules for storing official information, etc.).
Formation of sustainable motivation
The practical implementation of psychological support for OSN fighters is the psychological training of special forces officers Rekhtina N.V. The concept of psychological training of special forces employees and its implementation using the example of the work of the OSNB “Corsair”: Report. GUIN Min. Justice of Russia for NSO. Novosibirsk, 2002.
The main idea: the formation of sustainable motivation of employees for professional development through a clear definition of the role position of a professional fighter.
When performing a task, the professional relies on the skills acquired during training. Emotions only interfere with this, changing the physiological state and distorting attention, memory, thinking, making a person vulnerable. Emotional arousal causes the main goal to be replaced with an emotionally charged one, which “erodes” the main goal and interferes with the completion of the task. To complete a task using professional skills, you need to cope with yourself. Therefore, in addition to special skills, self-regulation skills are needed to separate emotions from task performance.
A special forces employee is a warrior and he has to live two lives: according to the laws of peacetime and according to the laws of wartime. Without separating peace and war, finding himself in an extreme combat situation, a person, without realizing it, manifests his personality, behavioral stereotypes, and a system of expectations formed in peacetime conditions. This is not safe for himself. The employee must master the art necessary for a warrior - not to show his own personality, an art based on accurate calculations and solid skills. For his own safety, a warrior needs a role and skills appropriate for wartime.
Extreme psychological skills
Another concept of psychological training for special purpose departments of law enforcement agencies is proposed by V.N. Smirnov. Professional extreme psychological training is carried out in two stages.
Preliminary professional extreme psychological training: mastering extreme psychological knowledge and skills, acquiring extreme psychological skills, control over the regulation of mental states favorable for working in extreme conditions.
Specifics of the training
Direct professional extreme psychological training: extreme psychological training, which is carried out in the process of complex exercises and focuses on professional perception, regulation of combat mental states favorable for working in extreme conditions and modeling the “unknown” factor Smirnov V.N. Right there. .
Of interest is the socio-psychological training (SPT) within the framework of psychological training of the OSN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, developed in the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the Rostov region. In this training, the main methods of working with the group are game methods. Conducting psychological training as part of preparing OSN employees for actions in extreme situations: Methodological manual. MPL GUIN Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. . A special feature of SPT is the fact that the list of games and exercises is not a rigid training program. A practical psychologist has the opportunity to select for work with each specific group those exercises that, in his opinion, can help to activate the participants to the greatest extent, reveal them from different sides, and help them realize their own capabilities. It should be noted that the team of the interregional psychological laboratory of the GUIN of the Ministry of Justice of Russia for the Rostov region is a recognized authority in the development of issues of extreme training for employees of special forces of the Ministry of Justice of Russia Training on training employees in methods of voluntary self-regulation of functional states: Methodological manual. MPL GUIN Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Methods of providing emergency psychological assistance to employees located in a “hot spot”: Methodological manual. MPL GUIN Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Program of psychological support for employees of special-purpose departments of the penal system in a “hot spot”: Work program. MPL GUIN Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002; Program for diagnosing the functional states of employees of the penitentiary system in extreme situations: Work program. MPL GUIN Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for RO. Rostov-on-Don, 2002. .
Stress factors
Among the stress factors that significantly influence the psychological state of employees in the conflict zone, the following can be identified: the use of special forces of the penal system in most cases as military special forces in military operations (while not having sufficient heavy and special weapons and equipment) with poor interaction with related security forces structures, or without it at all; an absolutely real and almost constant threat of death, injury, injury, illness - both in relation to oneself and comrades; disruption of the biological rhythm of sleep and wakefulness (the need for round-the-clock security); constant everyday hardships; poor awareness of personnel about the actual state of affairs and operational situation in the region; insufficient supplies (food, equipment, weapons, ammunition); inadequately low pay for difficult and dangerous service; being in a hostile environment with a foreign language, culture, traditions; ambiguity of relationships with local residents and government officials; constant identification of others: friend or foe, and as a result - constant wariness, suspicion, categorical judgment, excessive rigidity.
Combat psychotraumas and their prevention
The accumulation of these and similar factors of mental stress among employees during combat combat operations in a zone of armed conflict, as well as direct participation in combat, can lead to the appearance of combat psychological trauma (CPT). In this regard, it is necessary:
· personnel assigned to an armed conflict zone should be located compactly, with appropriate security. Fragmentation into smaller groups with different locations of dislocation should be minimized. If this is not possible, then leaders and a psychologist should visit these groups as often as possible;
· early active identification of persons with developing maladaptive reactions or personal decompensations;
· mandatory communication with the “Mainland”, with relatives, regular informing of personnel about the situation in the region;
· the commander, deputy for work with personnel, psychologist to carry out constant work to establish good neighborly relations with the local population;
· during the period of operational rest (by the way, which is one of the most difficult periods), after a short rest, organize reasonable employment of personnel, pay attention to leisure, physical training, and general information classes.
Conclusion
Thus, the prerequisite for the behavior of a police officer, the source of his activity, is need. Needing certain conditions, a police officer strives to eliminate the resulting deficit. The emerging need causes motivational excitation (of the corresponding nerve centers) and induces the body to a certain type of activity. At the same time, all the necessary memory mechanisms are revived, data on the presence of external conditions are processed, and on the basis of this, a purposeful action is formed.
I hope that the work I have developed has illuminated the necessary list of questions that are needed when studying this topic. But I also note that the issues addressed by my work do not have the necessary comprehensiveness and depth of disclosure of the entire topic. Some of them, of course, require deeper theoretical study and practical testing.
I put forward a proposal about the need for further theoretical development of this topic.
List of used literature:
1. Ananyev B.G. About the methods of modern psychology. In the book: Psychological methods. L., 1976.
1. Ananyev B.G. On the problems of modern human science. M.: Nauka, 1977.
2. Vasiliev V.L. Legal psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
3. Gamezo M.V., Domashenko I.A. Atlas of Psychology: Information and methodological manual for the course "Human Psychology". - M.: Russian Pedagogical Agency, 1998.
4. Enikeev M.I., “Fundamentals of general and legal psychology” M., 1996.
5. Enikeev M.I., Kochetkov O.L., General, social and legal psychology. Concise encyclopedic dictionary. M.: Legal. lit., 1997.
6. Lomov B.F. Methodological and theoretical problems of psychology. M.: Nauka, 1984.
7. Maklakov A.G. General psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.
8. General psychology. Ed. A.V.Petrovsky. - M.: Education, 1986.
9. Psychological Dictionary / Ed. V.P. Zinchenko, B.G. Meshcheryakova. M., Pedagogy-Press, 1997.
10. Psychology and pedagogy. Ed. A.A. Radugina. - M.: Center, 1999.
11. Romanov V.V. Legal psychology. - M.: Yurist, 2001.
12. Rubinshtein S.L. Fundamentals of General Psychology: In 2 volumes. T.I.-M.: Pedagogy, 1989.
13. Stolyarenko L.D. Basics of psychology. Rostov n/a. Phoenix Publishing House, 1997.
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The essence, causes and manifestations of professional deformation of the personality of an employee of internal affairs bodies. Determining the role of moral and aesthetic education in overcoming professional deformation. Employees' reactions to stressful situations.
test, added 07/19/2015
Psychological characteristics of professional health of the individual. A study of the activities of law enforcement officers with various experiences of participation in extreme situations and recommendations for maintaining their professional health.
thesis, added 10/15/2010
Psychological characteristics of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Formation of psychological readiness to fight crime. Development of psychological orientation in various aspects of specific operational and service activities.
abstract, added 06/09/2010
The concept of professional and social adaptation. The process and main stages of adaptation of newly hired employees of internal affairs bodies. Factors influencing the level of adaptation of employees, problems of the adaptation period. Managing the adaptation process.
course work, added 01/30/2014
Features of the professional activities of law enforcement officers. A study of the characteristics of communication among law enforcement officers. Analysis of the results of diagnosing employee communication styles, identifying preferred forms of behavior.
Avramtsev, V.V. Psychological training of employees of operational units of the internal affairs department [Text]: a practical guide / V.V. Avramtsev, G.L. Voronin, L.N. Ivanova. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The practical manual is devoted to the development of the concept, program and methods of psychological training for employees of operational units of the internal affairs department. The basics of the methodology for psychological training of professional communication among police officers are presented. The exercises are systematized in the following areas: training in basic skills of professional communication, role behavior, conflict interaction.
Current issues of psychological support for working with police personnel (based on materials from a permanent seminar for psychologists) [Text]: collection / ed. V. L. Kubyshko. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The materials can be used to improve psychological support for work with personnel of internal affairs bodies, as well as in the preparation, retraining and advanced training of psychologists in departmental educational institutions.
Andreeva, I. A. Methodology for organizing social and psychological research in police departments [Text]: method. manual / I. A. Andreeva, V. A. Korchmaryuk. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The materials of the manual are intended for psychologists of bodies, departments and institutions of internal affairs, teachers of psychology of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The materials of the manual can be used to improve psychological support for the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.
Butkova, T. A. Formation of psychological competence of police officers [Text]: methodological recommendations / T. A. Butkova. - M.: DGSK Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The issues of developing professionalism, competence and professional motivation of employees of internal affairs bodies are considered. A model of psychological competence of employees of internal affairs bodies is proposed as a component of professional skill.
Vakhnina, V..V. Diagnostics and formation of motivational readiness of employees to serve in the police department [Text]: scientific and methodological manual / V..V. Vakhnina, V. P. Trubochkin. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The manual is aimed at developing psychological support for management activities. The mobilization-psychological approach allows for a new integration of a number of aspects of operational and administrative activities. The manual is based on many years of scientific research of the problem and contains a set of methodological recommendations on the topic.
Vakhnina, V.V. Psychological diagnostics of the innovative potential of the personality of the head of the internal affairs department and methods of its development [Text]: methodological manual / V.V. Vakhnina. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The problems of innovation and psychological support for managing the innovative activities of the head of the internal affairs department, the methodology for developing the innovative potential of the personality of the head of the internal affairs department are revealed. The manual is intended for practical psychologists of internal affairs bodies, teachers, students, adjuncts of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Vakhnina, V.V. Psychological support of the negotiation process of police officers [Text]: textbook. allowance / V.V. Vakhnina. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The manual is aimed at developing psychological support for negotiation activities, contains a set of methodological recommendations and is based on many years of scientific research on the problem.
Gorbach, N. A. Problems of gambling addiction among police officers [Text]: methodological recommendations / N. A. Gorbach, M. A. Lisnyak, T. V. Trepashko. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. Methodological approaches to identifying police officers prone to gambling addiction are described. For psychologists and employees of departments for working with personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Main Internal Affairs Directorate, the Internal Affairs Directorate for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, transport departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for federal districts, LUVDT and educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Kopylova, G. K. Psychology in the activities of internal affairs bodies [Text]: course of lectures / G. K. Kopylova, A. V. Prozorov. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The most important topics in general, social, ethnic and legal psychology are considered. The course is based on the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists, as well as the authors’ own experience gained in the process of professional and teaching activities in the internal affairs bodies
Korablev, S. E. Training for the development of communicative competence of law enforcement officers [Text]: textbook. allowance / S. E. Korablev. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The principles and structure of training for the development of communicative competence of law enforcement officers are considered. Studying the theoretical aspects of professional communication, supplemented by practical training of relevant skills and abilities, will allow an internal affairs officer to effectively perform his professional duties.
Maryin, M. I. Organization of psychological support in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia [Text]: educational manual / M. I. Maryin, V. E. Petrov; under general ed. V.L. Kubyshko.- M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. An analysis of the formation, development and current state of psychological support and psychological services of departmental educational institutions was carried out. Modern psychological practice has been systematized, and conceptual and methodological foundations for organizing and conducting psychological work with personnel have been developed.
Maryin, M. I. Psychological support for initial training of police officers [Text]: educational manual / M. I. Maryin, V. M. Pozdnyakov, V. E. Petrov, A. V. Boreko. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The manual provides regulatory and educational materials used in the process of organizing and implementing psychological support for special initial training of personnel, as well as in organizing psychological support for official activities and the adaptation process of young employees of internal affairs bodies, divisions and institutions.
Moral and psychological support for operational and official activities of police personnel [Text]: collection of normative documents and methodological materials / edited by. ed. V. L. Kubyshko. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. This collection includes regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and methodological materials that form the normative and methodological basis for the activities of heads of internal affairs bodies, units for working with personnel in organizing moral and psychological support.
Organization of psychological work with police personnel [Text]: textbook. allowance / comp. A. M. Nebolsin. - M.: DGSK Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The scientific foundations of psychological work with personnel of internal affairs bodies are considered; psychological characteristics of the personality of an employee of internal affairs bodies and his professional activities; socio-psychological structure of the service team of the internal affairs body; psychological and pedagogical competence of heads of internal affairs bodies, ways to improve it.
Pryakhina, M. V. Professional psychological selection of criminal investigation officers [Text]: methodological manual / M. V. Pryakhina, Yu. E. Skalin, A. M. Ivanova. - M.: DGSK Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The issues of organization, content and methodological support of professional psychological selection of operational criminal investigation officers are considered.
Psychological support for the prevention of violations of official discipline in the internal affairs department [Text]: educational and methodological manual / V.L. Kubyshko and others - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The main reasons for violations of official discipline by employees of internal affairs bodies are analyzed. The main directions of psychological work are indicated, as well as ways to prevent and correct the tendency to violate official discipline.
Psychological support for the formation and development of a culture of communication and communicative competence among police officers [Text]: educational and methodological manual / ed. V. L. Kubyshko. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The manual contains methodological materials aimed at improving the communicative competence and communication culture of police officers. It includes basic methods of diagnostics and group psychological training, models and programs are defined, and practical recommendations for its implementation are drawn up.
Maryin, M. I. Social and psychological competence of the head of the internal affairs department [Text]: educational manual / M. I. Maryin, V. E. Petrov, A. I. Adaev, A. V. Boreko. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The concept and content of socio-psychological competence of the head of an internal affairs agency is considered. Psychotechnologies for assessing the degree of expression of its components in employees, methods for development and improvement are proposed. Methods for conducting socio-psychological examinations in police service teams are presented.
Maryin, M. I. Psychological training of employees of MOB units and the formation of skills of public behavior in the context of mass events of citizens [Text]: educational manual / M. I. Maryin. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The educational and methodological manual is aimed at improving the professional psychological training of employees of internal affairs bodies while ensuring public safety, developing their skills of public behavior in conditions of large crowds of people, holding public events, and increasing the efficiency of the personnel of the MoS units.
Psychological and pedagogical foundations of the professional development of specialists - police officers [Text]: method. allowance / comp. A. F. Karavaev. - M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, p. The methodological manual has been prepared to help psychologists, cadets, teachers of educational institutions, and heads of law enforcement agencies.
Reader on legal psychology. A special part.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Encyclopedia of legal psychology.
Ed. A.M. Stolyarenko.
Psychological assistance program for police officers. Departmental regulatory legal act regulating the volume and procedure for carrying out organizational, socio-psychological and medical-psychological activities with personnel, defining sources of funding, responsible officials, the content of rehabilitation work with employees and its stages, the forms and methods of psychological work with employees in normal and extreme conditions, with service teams, family members of the deceased, etc.. It is built on the principles of mandatory implementation, complexity and consistency.
Work program for the psychological regulation room. A set of activities carried out with VET employees in order to organize pre-nosological prevention of deviations in health, mental maladjustment or initial manifestations of neuropsychic instability, including acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorders. The program is implemented in several stages:
The first stage consists of examining employees in the form of an individual or group psychodiagnostic examination, an individual interview in order to determine individual psychological characteristics, indications for psychological rehabilitation and the formation of groups for psychological correction. Based on the survey results, employees are divided into 3 groups. Group 1 - practically healthy. Employees are provided with vacations and other benefits provided for by current legislation. If possible, a repeat psychodiagnostic examination is carried out after 6 months - 1 year. Group 2 - those with functional, pre-nosological deviations in health. They undergo rehabilitation and recovery measures and a repeat control psychodiagnostic examination 6 months after completion of the course. Group 3 - patients. These employees, after an in-depth examination at psychological diagnostic centers, are sent to outpatient or inpatient treatment. A repeated psychodiagnostic examination is carried out by a psychologist 1 month after the end of treatment.
At the second stage, rehabilitation measures are carried out for employees assigned to the second group of those examined, in several sessions in accordance with the need determined by the office psychologist, according to the following approximate program. Session 1 - group (individual) interview; relaxation video therapy; debriefing on the events experienced; conducting sessions of neuromuscular relaxation and autogenic training; conducting an “Art Therapy” session; individual psychological counseling and correction of psychological conditions, the use of physiotherapeutic and phytotherapeutic methods and means. Session 2 - training in methods of self-regulation using breathing exercises and their implementation; music relaxation therapy; training in the “Key” self-regulation technique; session of mobilizing autogenic training; mobilizing video therapy; psychoconsultative, psychocorrective, physiotherapeutic and phytotherapeutic methods and means. Session 3 - video training of business and everyday communication; group discussion of unresolved problems and general condition; individual psychological counseling and correction of post-stress conditions, the use of physiotherapeutic and phytotherapeutic methods and means; gym, sauna. If necessary, individual employees may be offered additional individual and group psychorehabilitation activities.
For each employee sent to the office, the psychologist prepares an Observation File. It is conducted in strict accordance with legal acts on human rights and taking into account the Code of Professional Ethics of Psychologist. The document is stored until the employee’s dismissal from service and is destroyed in the prescribed manner. If an employee is transferred to another unit for further service, the observation file is sent to the psychologist (in the personnel office) of this unit.
(Marin M.I., Brodchenko O.I., Petrov V.E.)
Psychological correction in VET. PC is a targeted psychological impact on the individual in order to ensure its full development and functioning. Psychocorrectional work is largely related to personality development. There are individual and group forms of psychocorrectional work. PC can be carried out on the initiative of not only the employee himself, but also a staff psychologist. Individual forms of PC largely overlap with the psychological counseling procedure. Group psychocorrectional work often gives a much greater psychological effect than communication between an employee and a psychologist. According to K. Levin, it is easier to change individuals gathered in a group than to change each of them individually. Psychocorrectional groups differ in their target orientation (changes in states, development of socially important qualities, self-actualization); by the nature of the tasks being solved (development of sensitivity, self-confidence, organizational skills, etc.); according to the theoretical concept (groups of transactional analysis, auto-training, skills training, Gestalt groups, NLP, etc.). The methodology for conducting psychocorrectional work in groups is based on the belief that a person himself is able to recognize his problems and discuss them with the group. There are the following principles for organizing group psychocorrectional work: 1) personal responsibility (the results of learning and personal growth depend, first of all, on oneself); 2) self-disclosure (disclosure of one’s “I” to other people is a sign of a healthy personality, protects against the construction of a false external “I”); 3) the “here and now” principle (not the past, but the present, personally significant problems are analyzed); 4) the principle of “feedback” (group members express their attitude to the inappropriate behavior of others); 5) the principle of humanity (respect for each other, acceptance of people as they are, everyone makes their own decision about the need for correction).
(L.N. Volina)
Psychological assistance to employees. PP (along with legal, medical, etc.) is a type of practical assistance expressed in helping employees independently overcome the psychological difficulties of mastering official duties, performing them at the proper level, getting used to the conditions of service, and successfully completing their service. Help is provided when employees do not cope well with difficulties themselves.
Relatively simple forms of PP have always been used by colleagues, managers and mentors: psychological support (promoting internal mobilization); psychological orientation (improving psychological awareness); psychological assistance (connection to direct overcoming of difficulties). With the creation of psychological services in VET, their workers not only participate in these forms of assistance, but also use others that require special qualifications: psychological counseling (facilitating decision-making to overcome difficulties); psychological rehabilitation (promoting the restoration of emotional-volitional states and psychological capacity).
PP is not identical to the entire psychological support for the activities of employees, but is its integral part. In addition to its main purpose, it plays a special role - “weaving” directly into the professional life of personnel, serving to develop and strengthen moral relations among them.
PP methods are varied. These include: showing empathy; approval of views, attitudes, intentions and actions; revealing the limitations of erroneous judgments and actions; shifting emphasis from experiencing failures to prospects and successes; inspiration by positive examples of overcoming adversity; drawing attention to the hidden causes of specific psychological difficulties; taxonomy of factors causing these difficulties; assessment of individual capabilities to overcome them; joint search for psychological dependencies of problematic situations; analytical transformation of problems into a more solvable form; identification of hidden and combined options for their resolution; psychological “safety net”, “substitution”, “playing along” in relation to people overcoming difficulties; psychophysical relaxation; debriefing; clarification of meaning-forming professional and life motives; revealing the importance of spiritual self-determination and development; and etc.
(E.V. Petukhov)
Psychological assistance to police officers in a combat zone. It is a system of measures carried out by employees of psychological support units in order to maintain the optimal level of professional adaptation and socio-psychological status of employees of internal affairs bodies performing service and combat missions, to restore and improve their performance. The main areas of work are: implementation of a set of works aimed at reducing deaths, injuries, violations of official discipline and the rule of law, crimes and emergency incidents among personnel; implementation of a set of measures for psychological support of counter-terrorism operations; application of psychological knowledge in solving problems to ensure personal safety of employees; diagnostics of the moral, psychological and psychophysiological state of employees; implementation of a set of recovery measures (for example, relieving excessive stress through the use of a set of methods and techniques); conducting individual psychological counseling with managers at all levels on issues of organizing work with personnel, as well as with employees on current personal and family problems.
(Maryin M.I., Petrov V.E.)
Psychological work with wounded police officers. Activities aimed at processing traumatic experiences by wounded internal affairs officers and integrating them into positive life experiences. The need for psychological work is due to the fact that a favorable mental state is necessary for the success of treatment. The wounded often experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder: intrusive memories, low mood, insomnia, unexplained anxiety, increased irritability, nervousness, depression, hypervigilance, memory impairment, etc.
Methods of psychological work can be the following: observation, empathic listening, clinical conversation (to diagnose a psychological state, collect a psychological history), debriefing (to minimize psychological consequences, prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome), resocialization (work with close relatives), short-term psychocorrectional methods (psychological resuscitation of pain, logic of events; stress relief from past events, erasing experiences, working with aggression, loss, dynamics of grief, searching for resources and projection for the future), special psychotherapeutic techniques (psychotherapeutic metaphors, trance techniques, self-regulation techniques, “ Life Path" and "Key", rational and breathing therapy, etc.).
In the work of a psychologist with the wounded, the following stages can be distinguished: a) adaptation to hospital conditions, intense emotional experiences (this period can be short, provided the psychologist is trained to work with the wounded); b) constructive stage - active work with the wounded; c) the stage of denial, at which the psychologist is so identified with the wounded that he may experience symptoms of a psychological stress disorder, namely: somatic manifestations, increased anxiety, inability to relax, denial of his own experiences, intrusive dreams; d) stage of analysis – transfer of negative reactions to the conscious level; e) readaptation to normal service conditions. For psychologically prepared employees, the rehabilitation period is easier. They are aimed at cooperation with a psychologist, and are also more contact and sociable with other wounded people. When working with employees who have not undergone professional psychological training, psychologists have to expend additional efforts to overcome negative reactions and resistance, refusal of help, distrust of psychologists, and denial of the problem of rehabilitation, which significantly lengthens the rehabilitation period.
(Maryin M.I., Petrov V.E.)
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
KRASNODAR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
IN THE ACTIVITIES OF EMPLOYEES
OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES
METHODOLOGICAL MATERIALS
students in the specialty
030900.62 Jurisprudence
Krasnodar
Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies: Educational and methodological materials for students of the Faculty of Correspondence Studies (specialty 030900.62 Jurisprudence) / Compiled by – Krasnodar: Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013. – 33 p.
Discussed and approved at a meeting of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy on November 17, 2012, protocol No. 7
© Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013.
I. General guidelines for students to study the discipline “Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.”
The course “Psychology in the activities of law enforcement officers” is of great importance for the professional training of future law enforcement officers.
Due to the specific nature of their professional activities, employees of internal affairs bodies have to work with people every day. The list of their functional responsibilities, involving communication and management processes, is extensive. They conduct conversations, surveys, interrogations, public speaking, etc.
In the process of carrying out these and other activities, employees of internal affairs bodies often need to establish psychological contact and trusting relationships with citizens, encourage them to act in the interests of the law, and persuade them to give truthful testimony. They need to be able to determine the mental state of their interlocutor, control themselves in a difficult, extreme situation of physical and psychological confrontation with a criminal, provide an educational influence on a minor who has taken the wrong path in life, and find words of consolation for the victim, a person who has suffered from criminal attacks.
The tasks of fighting crime require that in the new social conditions of modern Russia, internal affairs officers have a high level of psychological training, similar to that which has always distinguished the best Russian detectives and their colleagues from the police of other countries of the world.
Objectives of the discipline:
The goal of mastering the discipline “Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies” is to develop in cadets psychological skills and abilities that allow them to ensure high-quality implementation of professional activities; teach techniques for effective communication with various categories of citizens and conflict resolution in professional activities.
Objectives of the discipline:
To form an idea of the role of psychological knowledge in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies;
Teach cadets (listeners) the psychological characteristics of conducting the negotiation process;
To develop professional communication skills in the process of establishing psychological contact;
To teach cadets (listeners) to use techniques for self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions.
As a result of studying the discipline, the cadet (listener) must:
Know:
Psychological characteristics of the activities of employees of various law enforcement services; (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK - 7, OK-8, OK - 10, PK-2, PK-10, PK-13, PK-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK -20);
Basics of psychoprophylaxis of negative psychological states (OK-8, OK - 11, PK-25);
Psychological requirements for the personality of a law enforcement officer (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-10, PC- 13, PK-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);
Psychological foundations of professional communication among law enforcement officers (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);
Causes and psychological foundations of preventing and resolving conflicts in professional activities (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);
Psychological foundations of investigative actions (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-5, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);
Psychological characteristics of participants in criminal proceedings (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-14, PC-16, PC-20, PC-25) .
Be able to:
Use psychological knowledge in the process of professional activity (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PK-25);
Correctly build communication with colleagues in the service team and with citizens (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PK-2, PK-25);
Diagnose the causes of conflict, develop and apply behavioral strategies during the conflict, use various methods and methods for preventing and positively resolving conflicts (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);
Use techniques for self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions (OK-8, OK-10, PK-25).
Own :
Skills in using psychological methods and techniques in order to effectively solve official problems (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PK-25);
Skills in establishing psychological contact, visual psychodiagnostics and psychological influence, correct behavior in a conflict situation (OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, PC-2, PC-10, PC-25);
Positive communication skills in the process of professional activity (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25).
To better consolidate knowledge in this course, students should pay attention to the close connection of the topics studied with legal sciences, and rely on knowledge from relevant previously studied disciplines.
additional literature
§ What is psychology: In 2 volumes - M.: Mir, 2002.
§ Granovskaya practical psychology. - L., 2001.
§ Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Psychology of individual differences. Reader, ed. Gippenreiter. M., 2000.
§ Legal psychology. Reader. M., 2000.
Self-test tasks:
1. Mental reflection:
a) is an exact copy of the surrounding reality;
b) is selective;
c) provides a photograph of the affected environment;
d) does not depend on reflection conditions.
2. Social and psychological manifestations of personality, its relationships with people are studied by psychology:
b) social;
c) pedagogical;
3. The main method of modern psychology is:
a) testing
b) introspection
c) experiment
d) observation
4. Purposeful, systematically carried out perception of objects in the knowledge of which a person is interested is:
a) experiment;
b) content analysis;
c) observation;
d) the method of analyzing the products of activity.
5. The concept of “self-observation” is synonymous with the term:
a) introversion;
b) introjection;
c) introspection;
d) introscopy.
6. Receipt by the subject of data about his own mental processes and states at the time of their occurrence or following it is:
a) observation;
b) experiment;
c) testing;
d) self-observation.
7. The active intervention of a researcher in the activities of a subject in order to create conditions for establishing a psychological fact is called:
a) content analysis;
b) analysis of products of activity;
c) conversation;
d) experiment.
8. Depending on the situation, the following observations can be distinguished:
a) field;
b) solid;
c) systematic,
d) discrete.
9. The researcher’s ability to evoke some mental process or property is the main advantage:
a) observations;
b) experiment;
c) content analysis;
d) analysis of activity products.
Topic 2.Basic socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of a police officer.
Main content of the topic:
The concept of personality in psychology and legal science. Individual, personality, individuality. Biological and social in the structure of personality. Worldview basis, value orientations, orientation, motivational sphere of the individual. Basic theories of personality in modern domestic and foreign psychology. The life path of an individual and his socialization. Formation and development of personality (main stages).
The goals of studying personality in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Psychological methods for studying the personality of subjects of law enforcement activities. Methods and techniques for studying human individuality by internal affairs officers. The use of psychological knowledge about personality by an employee of internal affairs bodies in professional activities.
Ability, skills and habits. Ability and skills as structural elements of activity. Education of skills and abilities. Motor skills and abilities. Cognitive abilities and skills. Practical skills and abilities. The concept of habit and its place in the structure of activity.
Professional profile of an internal affairs officer. Social, reconstructive, organized, identification, communicative, search activities of an employee of internal affairs bodies (,).
The general structure of the human motivational sphere. Interests, tasks, desires, intentions as motivational dispositions. The concept of motivation as a conscious and unconscious process. Dispositional and situational determinants of behavior. Correlation of dispositions (motives), needs and goals. A. Maslow's pyramid of needs.
Motivation and personality. Motivation, self-esteem, level of aspirations. Behavior of people with different motives in extreme situations. Motivation for prosocial and antisocial behavior. Altruism and empathy as motives. Motivation for aggression and frustration.
The concept of abilities. Concepts of abilities. Abilities and orientation of the individual. The relationship between acquired and natural abilities. Inclinations as the primary natural basis of abilities. Tendencies. Structure of abilities. Abilities and typology of people. Psychological criteria for the suitability of internal affairs officers for service.
The concept of temperament. Types of temperaments and the use of knowledge about them in the activities of internal affairs officers. Distinctive aspects of each type of temperament. Temperament and basic properties of the human nervous system. Psychological characteristics of temperament. Taking into account by an internal affairs officer the type of person’s temperament during investigative actions.
Concept of character. Human character and temperament. Typology of characters (E. Kretschmer, K. Leongard, E. Fromm, etc.). Character formation. The role of character in the general structure of personality. Using knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an internal affairs officer.
Questions to the topic:
1. The emotional sphere of the employee’s personality and ways of its development.
When studying this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the difference between emotions and feelings, as well as the forms of manifestation of emotions. It is especially important to consider such forms as: stress, affect.
2. The volitional sphere of personality.
When considering the issue, it is necessary to study the volitional qualities of a person necessary for employees of internal affairs bodies and ways to develop volitional qualities.
The most important thing for employees to study the problems of motivation and personality orientation is to consider the motivation for antisocial and criminal behavior.
4. Types of temperament and their consideration in the psychological assessment of a person.
When considering this issue, it is of greatest importance for the internal affairs officer to take into account the type of person’s temperament when carrying out investigative actions.
5. Character traits and their consideration when compiling characteristics of a police officer.
The study of this issue must begin with a typology of character and the application of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of internal affairs bodies.
6. Structure of human abilities.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to focus on the relationship between acquired and natural abilities, as well as on the psychological criteria for the suitability of internal affairs officers for service.
Main literature
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: A practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
additional literature
§ Nemov: Textbook. For students. - M., 1994. - Book 1.
§ (Psychology of personality. - S.
§ Psychology and pedagogy: Textbook for universities / Comp. . - M., 1999 (Personality psychology. General and individual in the human psyche. - S
§ Psychology of Personality. Texts. - M., 1982. (What is personality (); 11-19. Some features of the psychological structure of personality (): Basic ideal types of individuality (E. Spranger): 55-60. Self-actualization (A. Maslow).
Self-test tasks:
1. Feelings associated with cognitive activity are called feelings:
a) moral
b) intellectual
c) aesthetic
d) practical
2. A strong, persistent, long-lasting feeling that captures a person and owns him is called:
a) affect
b) passion
c) mood
d) feeling
3. A strong emotional state of an explosive nature, affecting the entire personality, characterized by a rapid course, a change in consciousness and a violation of volitional control, is:
b) passion
c) frustration
4. A state of increasing emotional stress that arises in conflict situations, obstacles associated with strong motivation - a threat to the well-being of the individual - are:
b) frustration
c) mood
5. Conditions the content of which is an irresistible fear of specific situations, objects, creatures or vague pointless fear are called:
a) affect
b) phobias
c) stress
d) frustration
6. Will - a person’s regulation of his behavior, associated with overcoming internal and external obstacles. This regulation:
a) conscious
b) unconscious
c) intuitive
d) involuntary
7. A person’s ability to independently make responsible decisions and steadily implement them in his activities characterizes him:
a) persistence
b) independence
c) integrity
d) determination
8. A person’s ability for long-term and unrelenting energy, steady movement towards the intended goal is manifested as:
a) persistence
b) consciousness
c) optimism
d) hard work
9. A person’s ability to determine his actions, focusing not on the pressure of others, not on random influences, but based on his beliefs and knowledge, characterizes him:
a) persistence
b) independence
c) integrity
d) self-confidence
Topic 3. Psychological and pedagogical features of adaptation and personality deformation of police officers.
Main content of the topic:
The concept of adaptation. History of the study of adaptation problems. Adaptation mechanisms. Levels of adaptation. Types of adaptation. Physiological, mental, social adaptation in the activities of law enforcement officers.
Professional adaptation and its role in the activities of internal affairs bodies. Features of adaptation at different periods of professional development of employees of internal affairs bodies.
Adaptation in extreme conditions. Mechanisms to prevent maladaptation of law enforcement officers.
The concept of "suicide". Theories of suicidal behavior. Psychopathological, psychological, sociological concept of suicidal behavior. Psychological crisis conditions as a factor are one of the causes of suicide.
Causes, conditions and motives of suicide. Causes of suicide of internal affairs officers. Anti-suicidal personality factors.
Prevention of employee suicides.
Questions to the topic:
1. The concept of adaptation. Types of adaptation.
When studying this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to such types of adaptation as: physiological, psychological, social and professional.
2. Occupational deformation.
Consideration of the issue of studying deformation must begin with the concepts of “deformation” and “professional deformation”.
3. Psychological prevention of professional deformation.
It is advisable to start studying the prevention of professional deformation with the forms of manifestation and methods of preventing professional deformation.
4. Reasons, conditions and motives for suicides of police officers.
When considering this issue, the closest attention should be paid to studying the causes and motives for suicides of police officers.
5. Prevention of suicidal behavior among police officers.
This question is aimed at the theoretical study and practical application of preventive measures to prevent suicidal behavior.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: A practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Beznosov, deformation and education of personality // Psychological support of human social development. – L., 1989.
§ Beznosov personality deformation: approaches, concepts, method: Abstract for the degree of Doctor of Psychological Sciences. – St. Petersburg, 1997.
§ Belosludtsev psychological support for the prevention of professional deformation of correctional officers // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. No. 2. 1997.
§ Borisova’s deformation of the employee’s personality // Encyclopedia of Legal Psychology / Under the general title. ed. prof. . – M., 2003.
§ Borisov’s deformation of police officers and its personal determinants: Abstract for the degree of candidate of psychological sciences. – M., 1998. , Tikhonenko suicidal behavior: Method. Recommendations. M., 1980.
§ Bulatzel from ancient times to the present day. M., 1991.
§ Prevention of suicides among internal affairs officers. Methodological recommendations under general editorship. Moscow Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 1999.
§ Psychological support for the professional activities of police officers. Guidelines. Ed. and others. St. Petersburg, 1998.
Self-test tasks:
1. The set of physiological reactions underlying the body’s adaptation to changes in environmental conditions and aimed at maintaining the relative constancy of its internal environment is called adaptation:
a) physiological
b) psychological
c) social
d) communicative
2. The presence of mechanisms of conscious self-regulation is the main difference:
a) physiological adaptation
b) psychological adaptation
c) social adaptation
d) biological adaptation
3. The adaptation of an individual to the conditions of interaction in society is called:
a) physiological adaptation
b) psychological adaptation
c) social adaptation
d) interactive adaptation
4. The mental state of a person caused by objectively insurmountable difficulties that arose in achieving a goal or solving a problem is called:
a) stress
b) frustration
c) neurosis
d) fatigue
5. A condition characterized by a temporary decrease in performance under the influence of prolonged exposure to load is called:
a) fatigue
c) stress
d) neurosis
6.Suicidal behavior manifests itself in the following forms:
a) external
b) emotional
c) behavioral
d) characterological
7. The stages of development of suicidal behavior do not include:
a) plans
c) intentions
8. External forms of suicidal behavior do not appear:
a) depressive states
b) alcohol abuse
c) intentionally causing harm to one’s health
d) causing harm to others
Topic 4. Psychology of professional communication among police officers.
Main content of the topic:
Concept of communication. Unity of communication and activity. Types of communication. Social adaptation and social autonomy. Communicative, interactive, perceptual aspects of communication. Features of professional communication of an employee of internal affairs bodies. Communication as an exchange of information. Communication and speech.
Mechanisms and patterns of human perception by humans. Communication as interpersonal interaction. Types of psychological influence. Social control and social norms as systems of regulation, interaction and relationships between people. Forms and role expectations in communication processes. Communication is how people understand each other. Basic rules for productive communication.
Questions to the topic:
1. The concept of “communication” in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.
When considering this issue, the most important thing is to analyze the variety of definitions of communication and the role of communication in legal practice.
2. Characteristics and content of communication. Mechanisms of influence in the process of communication.
The study of this issue must begin with the peculiarities of the mechanisms of influence in the process of professional communication among police officers.
3. Structure of communication between employees of internal affairs bodies .
The most important thing when studying this issue is the psychological characteristics of each side of the communication structure.
4. Types of communication between police officers.
When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to the classification of communication and note the distinctive features of each type of communication.
5.Psychological components of professional communication among employees of internal affairs bodies.
Consideration of this issue aims to familiarize with the psychological components of professional communication of an internal affairs officer: tactics, stages, communication techniques.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Psychology of communication. M., 2002
§ Kazarinova communication. Lecture notes. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: A practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
Additional literature:
§ Gender and character. – M.: Forum, 1991.
§ Language tricks. Changing Beliefs Using NLP. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Master of communication. Advice from a practicing psychologist St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ Psychology of influence St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001
§ Body language. - N. Novgorod: IQ Publishing House, 1992.
§ Development of effective communication skills St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ Your secret weapon in communication. Facial expressions, gesture, movement: Abbr. lane with him. - M.: JSC "Interexpert", 1996.
§ Collection of normative legal acts and documents regulating the activities of psychologists of internal affairs bodies and departments. - M.: State Administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2001.
§ Tikhonov special personality traits in the process of professional training of employees, 2000
§ Tomilova - psychological conditions for the professional development of young police officers. M., 2000
§ Self-instruction manual for communication. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Filatova psychology. Lecture notes. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.
§ Psychology of influence. – St. Petersburg, 2002.
§ Social Psychology. Understand others to understand yourself St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ P Psychology of influence: hidden control, manipulation and protection from them. – M., 2002
§ Eric Berne. Games People Play. People who play games. – St. Petersburg, 2002. Sign language is the path to success. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
Self-test tasks:
1. Speech is:
a) mental phenomenon
b) reflection process
c) exchange of information between people
d) mental activity
2. Speech does not happen:
a) internal
b) external
c) active
d) egocentric
3. Interest in another person can be expressed non-verbally:
a) hands placed on hips
c) stare
d) lightly touching it with your hands
4. The main communication styles are not:
a) ritual communication
b) social communication
c) manipulative communication
d) humanistic communication.
5. A feature of professional communication between employees is
a) extraordinary breadth and diversity of communication
b) planned and clearly organized communication
c) forced nature,
d) high degree of conflict
Topic 5. Social and psychological characteristics of the department of police officers.
Main content of the topic:
The concept of a group in social psychology. Classification of groups. Small group structure. Position, status, internal attitude and role. Composition and moral value orientations. Psychological compatibility. Social norms and their functions. Formation of a small group as a collective. Critical periods in the development of a team, their significance and ways to overcome them. The concept of excess activity. Management and leadership in the group. Individual characteristics of a leader. Leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and liberal.
Interpersonal relationships in groups and teams. Official and unofficial relationships. Relationships of leadership, management and subordination. Business and personal, rational and emotional relationships. Collectivist relations, their characteristics. Approaches to studying relationships in a group: static and dynamic. The nature of relationships depending on the level of development of the group. Interpersonal conflicts in a group and their classification. Sociometry and the static picture of intragroup relationships (J. Moreno).
Mass socio-psychological phenomena. The crowd, the psychological mechanisms of its formation. Psychological methods of controlling people in various types of crowds (panic, a crowd of riotous fans at the stadium, unauthorized rallies, mass public unrest), used by law enforcement officers.
Taking into account gender, ethnic and age phenomena in social psychology.
Group factors in the origin and development of antisocial behavior. Psychological characteristics of criminal groups. Primitive group. Primitive group structure.
Crowd concept. Types of crowd: random, conventional, aggressive, active. Socio-psychological conditions for the emergence and development of a crowd. Socio-psychological structure of the crowd. The role of a leader in a crowd. Rumors and their varieties. The role of rumors in the crowd. Panic. Types of panic. Actions of internal affairs officers to prevent panic. Psychological characteristics of employees’ actions to prevent and suppress associative forms of non-collective behavior.
Questions to the topic:
1. Criteria for identifying social groups. Typology of social groups.
In this matter, the most in-depth attention must be paid to the criteria for identifying groups and the psychological characteristics of each of the social groups.
2. Primitive group. Structure, rules.
When considering this issue, it becomes relevant to consider the psychological characteristics of the primitive group.
3. Subjects of non-collective behavior.
Consideration of the characteristics of subjects of non-collective behavior becomes relevant in the field of activity of police officers; based on this, it is advisable to dwell on the psychological patterns of interaction with subjects of non-collective behavior.
4. Types of crowds and their features.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the types of crowds and the stages of development of relationships in the crowd.
5. Aggressive crowd as a subject of non-collective behavior.
When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to actions and preventive measures to prevent aggressive behavior.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: A practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Andreeva psychology. M., 1994.
§ Anikeev climate in the team. - M., 1989. (The concept of the psychological climate in a team: 3-16. The effectiveness of group activities: 87-120).
§ Bodalev and the understanding of man by man. M., 1982. P 5-
§, Dubrovskaya small group. M., 1991.
§ Nemov. M., 1994. S. 431-433.
§ Psychology of emotions: Texts. Empathy. From 87.
§ Rubinstein and the ways of development of psychology. M, 1960. pp. 180-181.
Self-test tasks:
1. Groups do not differ according to the criterion of organization
a) formal
b) informal
c) semi-formal
d) relatively formal
2. Groups are not distinguished based on the criterion of lifetime
a) short-term
b) constant
c) episodic
d) temporary
3. Group,in which the individual is forced to be at the moment
a) stay group
b) presence group
c) location group
d) pastime group
4. A spontaneously emerging formation based on the basest motives of its members is
a) primitive hostel
c) primitive group
d) team
5. Does it correspond to the structure of “primitive” groups?
a) flexible hierarchical structure
b) rigid hierarchical structure
c) there is no hierarchical structure
d) undefined hierarchical structure
Topic 6. Characteristics, prevention and resolution of conflicts in the activities of law enforcement officers.
Main content of the topic:
Conflicts in communication. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts. Conflict situation. Incident. Types of conflicts. Constructive conflict. Destructive conflict. Intrapersonal conflict. Functions of conflicts: signaling, diagnostic, restorative, regulatory. Reasons contributing to the emergence of conflicts and an unfavorable socio-psychological climate in teams of employees of internal affairs bodies: objective, subjective, objective-subjective. Ways to prevent and resolve conflicts in the activities of police officers.
Questions to the topic:
1. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the classification of conflicts depending on the classification criteria.
2. Prevention and resolution of conflicts.
The main focus of attention when studying this issue should be directed to ways and means of preventing or optimally resolving conflicts
3. The nature of conflicts in police departments.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to find out the nature, causes and characteristics of conflicts in internal affairs bodies.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: A practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Avdeev KV. Psychotechnology for solving problem situations. - M, 1992.
§ Ageev B. S. Intergroup interaction: socio-psychological problems. - M., 1990.
§ Andreev: the art of argument, negotiation, conflict resolution. - Kazan, 1992.
§ , Shipilov. - M., 2001.
§ Babosov EM. Conflictology. - Minsk, 2000.
§, Zimina: the science of harmony. - Ekaterinburg, 1995.
§ Bern Eric. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 1992.
§ , Koryak, conflict! - Novosibirsk, 1989.
§ We encourage business communication. - Minsk, 1996.
§, Zakharov DK. Conflictology - M., 2000.
§ Grishin conflict. - St. Petersburg, 2000.
Self-test tasks:
1.The stages of conflict development do not include:
a) conflicting relationships
b) contradictions
c) incident
2. There are conflicts:
a) international
b) interethnic
c) interpersonal
d) interintellectual
3. Behavior strategies in conflicts are:
a) avoidance
b) cooperation
d) compromise
Topic 7. Psychological foundations of legal activity.
Main content of the topic:
The subject of legal psychology, its place in the system of psychological science. The main ways and directions of development of legal psychology.
Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology. Psychological meaning of the terms “crime” and “crime”.
Psychology of operational-search activity. Tactics and techniques for establishing and developing psychological contacts in emergency operations. Psychological basis for assessing the personality of a person of interest in the operational investigative activities of law enforcement agencies.
Questions to the topic:
1. The subject of legal psychology and its significance in legal activity.
When studying this issue, to reveal the psychological characteristics of legal activity, consider the subject of legal psychology.
2. Psychology of operational-search activity: goals and objectives.
When considering this issue, the main emphasis must be placed on the tasks of operational investigative psychology.
3. Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific methods used within the framework of criminal psychology.
Main literature
1. Andreev ensuring the operational and official activities of employees: State Administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 2004
2. Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
3. , Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003
4. Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000
5. , Skrypnikov ensuring the operational and official activities of employees: IMC of the State Administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001
6. , Prozorov in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. – M., 2006.
7., fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.
8. Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003
9., Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M.: Shield-M, 2000
11. Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000
12., Romanov psychology (reader) M.: Yurist, 2000
13. Chufarovsky operational-search activities M.: Prospekt, 2003
Topic 8. Psychological characteristics of the main investigative actions.
Main content of the topic:
The concept of forensic psychology. Main tasks, goals and methods of forensic psychology. Psychological characteristics of certain types of legal proceedings and various participants in the legal process.
Psychology of crime scene inspection. Traces and results of criminal activity as semantic indicators of the behavior of the criminal at the scene. Psychological techniques that increase the effectiveness and quality of an investigative examination.
Psychology of search. Psychological characteristics of the search activity of an employee during a search. Psychological techniques for activating the mental activity of a police officer and neutralizing the impact of negative factors on his psyche during a search.
Psychology of interrogation. The concept of psychological contact during interrogation. Psychological features of interrogation of the victim. Techniques for neutralizing the aggressive behavior of interrogated persons. Psychology of interrogation during confrontation.
Forensic psychological examination. Grounds and reasons for ordering a forensic psychological examination. Competence of the SPE. Evaluation and use of the EIT conclusion by the investigator, the court and the defense.
Questions to the topic:
1. Subject, tasks and goals of forensic psychology.
When studying this issue, it is advisable for students to consider in detail the tasks and goals of forensic psychology and compare them with the tasks of other areas of legal psychology.
2. Psychology of search and seizure.
When considering this issue, listeners should especially note the psychological characteristics of search and seizure.
3. Psychology of examining the scene of an incident.
When studying this issue, the main direction should be the consideration of psychological patterns that must be taken into account when conducting an investigative examination.
4. Psychology of interrogation.
An important circumstance when considering this issue is the psychological content of the investigator’s activity during the interrogation.
5. Subject, grounds and reasons for ordering a forensic psychological examination.
While studying this issue, students must understand the basic requirements for the grounds for ordering a forensic psychological examination.
Main literature
§ Andreev ensuring the operational and official activities of employees: State Administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 2004
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§, Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003
§ Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000
§, Skrypnikov ensuring the operational and official activities of employees: IMC of the State Administration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001
additional literature
§, Kitaeva psychological research in criminal proceedings. Irkutsk, 2002
§, Prozorov in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. – M., 2006.
§, fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.
§ Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003
§, Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M.: Shield-M, 2000
§ Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000
§, Romanov psychology (reader) M.: Yurist, 2000
§ Samukina psychology M.: Tandem, 2000
§ Chufarovsky operational investigative activities M.: Prospekt, 2003
Topic 9. Psychological characteristics of the criminal’s personality and criminal behavior.
Main content of the topic:
The concept of the criminal environment. Qualifications of criminals from the point of view of psychology. Socio-psychological mechanisms of criminal society. Criminal subculture (psychological analysis of modern trends).
Structural-psychological analysis of criminal action. Interaction of objective and subjective factors. The concept of the motivational sphere of crime. The relationship between motive, purpose and result in intentional and careless crimes.
Study of the criminal personality in criminal psychology (, etc.) The relationship between the biological and social in the criminal personality. Psychological and criminological typologies of the personality of a criminal and certain categories of criminals.
Questions to the topic:
1. Psychology of the personality of the criminal.
2. Factors in the formation of the criminal’s personality.
3. Motivation for criminal behavior
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: A practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko general psychology. M., 1999.
§ Chufarovsky psychology. – M., 1995.
§, Eminov criminal and crime investigation. - M.: Yurist, 1996.
§ Aggression. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997.
§, Strizhov and pedagogy in law enforcement activities of police officers. - M., 1997.
§ Psychology. Pedagogy. Ethics: Textbook for universities // Under. ed. . – M.: Law and law. Unity, 1999.
§ Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg: Peter Kom, 1999.
Topic 10. Psychology of the criminal environment and criminal communities.
Main content of the topic:
Criminal group from the point of view of modern psychology. Psychological features of the formation and functioning of criminal groups. Psychological and forensic types of criminal groups and their structure (by). Random criminal groups. Company type groups. Organized criminal groups. Close-knit organized groups. Criminal communities, as well as various types of associations of organized criminal groups. Structural (complex) organized group. Organized crime group. Bandit formation. Criminal organization (community). Mafia. Cooperation of professional criminal leaders (“thieves in law”). Three categories of gangs: “classic gang”, “specialized gang” and “preserves”.
Psychological and forensic types of hooligan groups and their structure. Psychological analysis of the motives for hooligan actions. Psychology of detection and investigation of crimes committed by hooligan groups.
Leadership in criminal groups and organizations. Typology of leaders. Conflicts in criminal groups. Psychological features of the detection and investigation of crimes committed by a criminal group. Tactical and psychological techniques for aggravating or creating conflict between accomplices in the process of investigating a group crime.
Questions to the topic:
1. General characteristics and types of criminal groups.
By studying this issue, listeners should form an idea of the characteristics of criminal groups.
2. Criminal groups of minors.
When considering this issue, the main emphasis must be placed on the psychological characteristics of the creation and functioning of criminal groups of minors.
3. Criminal subculture.
When studying this issue, students need to conduct a comparative analysis of the concepts of “criminal environment” and “criminal subculture.”
4. Psychology of criminal groups and organizations.
When mastering the material on this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the psychological characteristics of criminal groups of different orientations, age and gender characteristics.
Main literature
§ Gurov crime: past and present. - M.: Legal literature, 1990.
§ Industrial-organizational psychology: Textbook for universities. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.
§ Zhilin, organization and tactics of the struggle of operational police apparatus with criminal groups: Textbook. - YuI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995.
§ Applied legal psychology: Textbook for universities / Ed. . – M.: Unity – Dana, 2001.
Improving the activities of police officers at the present stage involves not only increasing the level of psychological culture of law enforcement system specialists, but also a special organization of psychological services in internal affairs bodies (divisions, institutions). Psychological work in the internal affairs department is currently regulated by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated September 2, 2013 No. 660 “On approval of the Regulations on the fundamentals of organizing psychological work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.”
According to the order, psychological work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is carried out:
1. In divisions of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, operational bureaus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, special purpose centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as in other organizations and divisions created to carry out tasks and exercise powers assigned to the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation stationed in Moscow ( with the exception of those subordinate to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), - psychologists of units working with personnel, officials with higher (postgraduate) psychological (in the specialty "Psychology", "Psychology of official activities", "Clinical psychology") or medical (in the specialty “Psychiatry”) education, which in the established order are entrusted with the responsibilities of conducting psychological work, and in their absence - by psychologists identified by the Department of Civil Service and Personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
2. In the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the district, regional (including subordinate organizations) and district levels, line departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in railway, water and air transport, educational, research, medical, sanitary and sanatorium organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, district departments of material and technical supply of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as in other organizations and divisions that are created to perform the tasks and exercise powers assigned to the internal affairs bodies (with the exception of those stationed in Moscow), - by psychologists of the named divisions, and in the case their absence - determined by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, psychologists of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the regional level, educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of their location.
3. In the departments specified in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of this list, with employees appointed to positions by the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Deputy Ministers of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation - psychologists determined by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
To carry out their professional activities, psychologists are allocated office premises equipped with the necessary furniture, communications and office equipment, psychological regulation rooms, as well as educational and methodological aids, psychological tests and techniques, psychodiagnostic and psychocorrectional devices.
Responsibility for organizing psychological work lies with managers (chiefs), deputies (assistants) of managers (chiefs) for working with personnel of bodies, organizations, and divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The psychological service of the internal affairs department has its own specifics in the areas, types and content of work, which is determined by the purpose of its creation and the characteristics of its tasks. The goals of the psychological service of the internal affairs department are the organization of psychological support for the professional activities of employees, the prevention of emergency incidents among personnel, the formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in teams, and increasing the efficiency of the operational and official activities of personnel.
These goals can be achieved by solving the following main tasks:
1. Ensuring that employees of internal affairs bodies carry out operational and official tasks and forming the moral and psychological readiness of personnel for activities in everyday and extreme conditions.
2. Determination of the professional psychological suitability of persons hired to serve in internal affairs bodies and study in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, employees transferred to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, forecasting their psychological readiness to perform professional tasks.
3. Providing psychological support for the operational and official activities of personnel of internal affairs bodies, conducting psychological rehabilitation and restoring the professional performance of employees.
4. Formation of a favorable psychological climate in service (educational) groups, carrying out socio-psychological work in them, psychological counseling of employees and members of their families.
5. Implementation of professional psychological training of personnel, provision of psychological assistance to employees of internal affairs bodies, educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Thus, in the work of a practical internal affairs psychologist, two main areas of activity can be distinguished:
· psychological support for working with police personnel;
· psychological support for the operational and official activities of police officers;
The main activities of a practical psychologist in internal affairs bodies are:
· psychological diagnostics;
· psychological examination;
· psychological prevention;
· psychological counseling;
· psychological correction;
· psychological propaganda and training;
At the same time, the organization of the work of a psychologist has its own specifics in form and content, due to the peculiarities and originality of the organization of structural units of the psychological service of the internal affairs department.
Thus, the main goal of the activity of a psychologist at a psychological diagnostic center is to conduct a psychodiagnostic examination to identify individuals with signs of mental maladjustment, determine psychological readiness for service and study, and predict the success of an employee in professional activities. The content of the work of a CPD psychologist assumes:
· psychological examination of persons entering service in the internal affairs department and studying in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (the main stage of professional psychological selection);
· psychological examination when accompanying the activities of employees in extreme conditions;
· psychological examination when moving employees with a change in category of assignment;
· psychological examination when appointing employees to higher management positions;
· psychological examination when employees are dismissed from service for health reasons.
The main goal of the activity of a psychologist of an internal affairs body (unit) is the formation of a high level of psychological readiness of personnel to perform operational and service tasks based on ensuring their mental stability and the development of professionally important psychological qualities. The psychologist of the internal affairs body (unit) carries out a set of measures with the following content:
1. Conducts, in accordance with the established procedure, psychological examinations, special psychophysiological studies using a polygraph, aimed at studying, analyzing and assessing the individual psychological characteristics of the personality of candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies, trainees, employees promoted to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia .
2. Carries out the study, analysis and assessment of the socio-psychological climate in service teams and the moral and psychological state of personnel, conducts, as necessary (but at least once a year), socio-psychological studies and individual psychological examinations.
3. Provides psychological assistance to employees who have been hired for the first time by the internal affairs bodies, as well as those who have graduated from educational organizations of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia through full-time study, in the process of their socio-psychological adaptation to the conditions of operational and service activities.
Selection and appointment of employees to positions, taking into account their individual psychological characteristics and group compatibility.
Psychological aspects of organizing and conducting moral and psychological support activities.
Formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in service teams, improvement of the style and methods of employee management.
Minimizing the consequences of emergency incidents and their prevention.
Optimization of operational and official activities of employees.
5. Conducts classes on psychological topics in the system of moral and psychological training of personnel, including increasing the psychological and pedagogical competence of the leadership of bodies, organizations, units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, developing the communicative competence of employees and mastery of self- and mutual assistance techniques for the purpose of regulating mental health condition.
6. Participates in the organization of moral and psychological support for personnel sent to another location to perform operational tasks in special conditions, provides psychological assistance to employees after performing operational tasks in special conditions, as well as in cases involving death personnel, use of weapons.
7. Carries out measures of psychological work aimed at identifying employees in crisis, preventing suicidal incidents and preventing professional deformation of the individual, takes part in carrying out measures of moral and psychological support with all categories of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation who need increased psychological support. pedagogical attention (Appendix No. 1 of Order No. 660).
8. Conducts psychological correction measures with employees who have signs of mental adaptation disorders or overwork, psychological rehabilitation of these employees, advises them on taking into account psychological aspects when regulating family and household relations, preventing, resolving and minimizing the consequences of interpersonal conflicts.
9. Consults employees on:
Taking into account the psychological aspects that arise when performing operational and official tasks, drawing up psychological portraits of persons suspected of committing crimes.
Studying (forecasting) socio-psychological processes in protecting public order and ensuring public safety during the preparation and holding of large public and mass events, identifying citizens who have unlawful intentions based on external signs.
Developing strategies and tactics for negotiations, including the release of hostages.
10. Ensures the functioning of the psychological regulation office in the relevant body, organization, division of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The main goal of the activity of a psychologist at an educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is to increase the efficiency of the educational process. The psychologist of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia carries out a set of measures with the following content:
· professional psychological orientation;
· psychological examination of candidates for study at an educational institution in their specialty;
· assessment of the degree of adaptation of first-year students to the conditions of the educational process and service;
· psychological examination of students throughout the entire period of study, assessment of their condition, level and dynamics of development of professionally significant qualities;
· identification of socio-psychological causes of academic failure, violations of discipline and delinquency among students, expulsions for negative reasons, difficulties in learning and service;
· socio-psychological examination of study groups;
· psychological counseling, psychological correction and rehabilitation of variable and permanent employees;
· ensuring the work of the psychological regulation room;
The work of an internal affairs psychologist is organized in accordance with the requirements of the regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the approximate workload.
The main organizational principles of psychological work are: purposefulness, continuity, objectivity, activity, efficiency, compliance with professional ethics.
When conducting psychological work activities, the following methods are used: observation, interview, consultation, psychological analysis of documents, psychological analysis of performance results, survey, examination, testing, sociometry, experiment, psychological training.
As a matter of priority, psychological work is carried out with:
1. Candidates for service in internal affairs bodies.
2. Employees planned for inclusion in personnel reserves.
3. Employees sent to another location to perform operational and official tasks under special conditions.
4. Employees who need increased psychological and pedagogical attention when organizing individual educational work.
5. Employees who are issued with service combat hand-held small arms, ammunition and special equipment for permanent storage and carrying.
The list of psychological and psychophysiological techniques used in psychological work is established by the Department of State Safety and Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the basis of the recommendations of the Coordination and Methodological Council for Psychological Support of Work with Personnel of Bodies, Units, and Institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Psychologists of units for work with personnel are included in the established order in the composition of:
1. Commissions formed to conduct inspections on the facts of death of employees, including suicidal incidents.
2. Commissions formed to resolve issues of issuing weapons to employees for permanent storage and carrying.
3. Medical commissions of medical organizations.
4. Other commissions in accordance with legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Control questions:
1. In which departments of the internal affairs bodies is psychological work carried out, according to Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 660?
2. List the main tasks that need to be solved by an internal affairs psychologist.
3. Name the methods used in the work of an internal affairs psychologist.
4. List a set of activities carried out by a psychologist of an educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
5. Name the main areas of activity of an internal affairs psychologist
Related information.
