The mandatory components of the process of awarding a literary prize are: a) a circle of experts who formulate the number of applicants and make the final decision; b) selection criterion, i.e. formulation of the basis on which this choice is made; c) the prize itself, expressed in monetary terms or having a symbolic meaning (in the latter case, the emphasis is on the significance of the choice by one or another circle of experts) and d) the writers or poets themselves - prize winners, representing this choice.
In contrast to the methods of remuneration adopted in the Middle Ages, when writers were given the status of those close to the court - court poets or writers, accompanied by an appropriate monetary allowance, literary awards, the practice of which became widespread mainly in the 20th century, are a more democratic way of recognizing the merits of writers . Modern awards are one-time in nature and do not formally require any further obligations from writers. However, as experience shows, sometimes receiving a significant status award - international or state - affected the further work of the writer and influenced his fate.
Awards can be conditionally divided into a) international (Nobel, Booker, etc.) and national (Goncourt French, Pulitzer American, national Booker - English, Russian, etc., State Russian, etc.), b) industry ( in the field of fiction, historical novel, etc.), c) personalized - Astrid Lindgren Prize - International Prize in Children's Literature, etc. d) informal – Antibooker, Prize named after. Andrey Bely, etc.
International literary awards.
Nobel Prize in Literature (cm. NOBEL PRIZES) is the most famous and prestigious annual international prize in the field of literature.
Booker International Prize(Man Booker International Prize) – established in 2005. Will be awarded biennially for “creativity, development and general contribution to world fiction” and will be worth £60,000. Unlike the existing Booker Prize, which is open only to citizens of the British Commonwealth and Ireland, the new prize is open to anyone writing in English.
The 2005 laureate was the Albanian poet Ismail Kadare.
IMPAC Award(Improved Management Productivity and Control – Productivity Leader is an international award established in 1996 by Dublin City Council. Nomination rights are available to 185 library systems in 51 countries. The prize is awarded for a work written or translated into English. It is worth 100,000 euros - this is the largest prize that can be received for a single work, and it is awarded in Dublin.
Among the recipients is Moroccan Tahar Ben Jelloun for his novel Blinding absence of light, Edward Jones for the novel Known World.
Literary daggers(Golden Dagger, Silver Dagger, Debut Dagger, Library Dagger, etc.) . The prize has been awarded since 1955 for the best detective novel of the year by the Crime Writers' Association of Great Britain, an open society for the support of detective writers. Nominations: “Fiction”, “Non-fiction”, “Story”. ( cm. DETECTIVE)
AAI(AAR)Association of American Publishers. Established by the American Writers Association and awarded for the merits of its member publishers. In 2002, the prize for the translation of fiction that promotes mutual understanding between America and Russia was received by T.A. Kudryavtseva, translator of John Updike, William Styron, Norman Mailer, Margaret Mitchell and others.
Liberty Award(Liberty) - founded in 1999 by emigrants from Russia. Awarded for contribution to Russian-American culture and the development of cultural ties between the United States and Russia. The winner receives a diploma and a cash prize. The independent jury consists of three people: Grisha Bruskin, Solomon Volkov and Alexander Genis. Sponsors include Media Group Continent USA and the American University in Moscow.
The prize winners were cultural figures living in America. Among them are V. Aksyonov, L. Losev, M. Epstein, O. Vasiliev, V. Bachanyan, J. Billington
National Literary Awards.
Booker Prize(Man-Booker Prize for Fiction, Booker Prize) (Great Britain) – an annual British literary award for the best novel written in English by a British or Commonwealth citizen. Its goal is to support and develop the traditions of such a literary form as the novel. The prize was founded in 1969. It was first sponsored by Booker-McConnell plc., and the award was called the Booker-McConnell Prize. Since 2002, the award began to be called “Man Booker”, it is financed by the company “Man Group”. The premium has risen from £21,000 to £50,000.
Awarded by the independent charity The Book Foundation. The winners of the English Booker were: in 1969 – P.H. Newby, Something to Answer For); in 1970 – Bernice Rubens (Bernice Rubens, The Elected Member); V 1971 – V.S.Naipaul In a Free State); in 1972 – John Berger (John Berger, G); in 1973 – J.G. Farrell Siege of Krishnapur); in 1974 – Stanley Middleton Holiday); in 1975 - Nadine Gordimer and Ruth Jhabvala (Nadine Gordimer, The Conservationist Ruth Prower Jhabvala, Heat and Dust); in 1976 – David Storey Saville); in 1977 – Paul Scott (Paul Scott, Staying On); in 1978 – Iris Murdoch, The Sea); in 1979 – Penelope Fitzgerald (Penelope Fitzgerald, Offshore); in 1980 – William Golding (William Golding, Rites of Passage); in 1981 – Salman Rushdie (Salman Rushdie, Midnight's Children); in 1982 – Thomas Keneally Schindler's Ark); in 1983 – J.M.Coetzee Life and Times of Michael K.); in 1984 – Anita Brookner (Anita Brookner, Hotel Du Lac); in 1985 – Keri Hulme Bone People); in 1986 – Kingsley Amis (Kingsley Amis, The Old Devils); in 1987 – Penelope Lively (Penelope Lively, Moon Tiger); in 1988 - Peter Carey Oscar and Lucinda); in 1989 – Kazuo Ishiguro (Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day); in 1990 – Bayat A.S. (A.S.Byatt, Possession); in 1991 – Ben Okri (Ben Okri, The Famous Road; in 1992 – Michael Ondaatje and Barry Unsworth (Michael Ondaatje, The English Patient; Barry Unsworth Sacred Hunger); in 1993 – Roddy Doyle Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha); in 1994 – James Kelman How Late It Was, How Late); in 1995 – Pat Barker (Pat Barker, The Ghost Road); in 1996 – Graham Swift (Graham Swift, Last Orders); in 1997 – Arundhati Roy The God of Small Things); in 1998 – Ian McEwan Amsterdam); in 1999 – J.M.Coetzee Disgrace); in 2000 – Margaret Atwood (Margaret Atwood, The Blind Assassin); in 2001 – Peter Carey (Peter Carey, True History of the Kelly Gang); in 2002 – Yann Martel Life of Pi); in 2003 – D.B.S. Pierre (Peter Warren Finlay), Vernon God Little); in 2004 – Alan Hollinghurst The Line of Beauty).
Among the laureates of the English Booker there are world famous novelists Murdoch, Amis, Golding and others, almost half of the laureates are women. Recently, among the laureates, more and more people come from the countries of the British Commonwealth - Canada, South Africa, India, Australia, etc.
Whitbread Prize. Awarded by the UK Booksellers Association. Laureates receive £5,000; An absolute winner is selected from among the laureates in five categories (“Novel”, “Best First Novel”, “Bibliography”, “Children’s Literature”, “Poetry”) and receives 25 thousand pounds sterling. His work is titled "Book of the Year"
Prix Goncourt(Prix Goncourt) (France) is an annual French literary prize for achievements in the novel genre. The Goncourt Prize is considered one of the most honorable and authoritative in France. And although the size of the prize is nominally symbolic - only 10 euros, the writer is guaranteed large incomes, since after its award, as practice shows, sales of the laureates' books skyrocket.
The Prix Goncourt was officially established in 1896, but it began to be awarded only in 1902. The Goncourt brothers left a huge fortune, which, according to the will of Edmond Goncourt, went to the Academy of Goncourt, officially established in 1896. It includes ten of the most famous writers in France, who receive a symbolic fee - 60 francs per year. Each academy member has only one vote and can only cast it for one book. The President of the Academy has two votes.
Members of the Goncourt Academy at different times were the writers A. Daudet, J. Renard, Rosny Sr., F. Eria, E. Bazin, Louis Aragon and others. The first laureate of the Prix Goncourt in 1903 was John-Antoine Naud for his novel Hostile force.
Laureates of the Prix Goncourt were Ahmad Kuruma, Francois Salvain, Amelie Nothomb, Jean-Jacques Choul.
In addition to the Goncourt Prize, in France there are such literary awards as Renaudo, Medici, Femina, and Goncourt for Lyceum Students.
Femina is one of the oldest literary prizes in France, established in 1904. It is awarded by an all-female jury for the best French novel, foreign novel, or essay.
Pulitzer Prize(USA) is one of the most prestigious US awards in the field of literature, journalism, music and theater, and since 1942 - in the field of photojournalism.
The prize was founded by the Hungarian-born American newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer. At the end of the 19th century. he skillfully attracted the attention of readers to the newspapers he published. Having lived 65 years, in October 1911 Joseph Pulitzer died, leaving an unexpected will - his last will was the establishment of the School of Journalism at Columbia University and the founding of a foundation in his name. They were left with $2 million for this.
Since 1917, the Pulitzer Prize has been awarded annually on the first Monday in May by the trustees of Columbia University. The formal announcement of the award is traditionally made by the President of Columbia University in April of each year.
In the field of journalism, the prize does not come with a cash prize, but is a gold medal for “Service to the Fatherland” awarded to the publication itself, and not to its journalists. In other areas, the decision is made by an independent jury of 90 experts. The amount of the award is 10 thousand dollars.
National Book Award(USA). Founded in 1950 by a group of publishers. The prize is awarded in four categories: fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and children's literature. The prize is approximately $10,000 for the laureates, $1,000 for the nominees, a statuette and a medal for contributions to American literature. Sponsor: American National Book Foundation.
Prize named after Cervantes(Spain) is often called the Nobel Prize for Literature in the Spanish-speaking world. It was established in 1979 by the Spanish Ministry of Culture. Bonus fund – 90 thousand euros. The prize is presented by the King of Spain on April 23 of each year - the day of Cervantes' death.
Among the award winners are the Spaniard Francisco Umbral, the Chilean Jorge Edwards, and the Spaniard Sanchez Ferlosio.
Prize named after Romulo Gallegosa(Spain) Established in 1967 in memory of the Venezuelan novelist and former president of the country, Rómulo Gallegos. The prize is awarded annually for the best novel written in Spanish and is considered one of the most generous in the Spanish-speaking world: the award is $100,000 and a medal.
State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of literature and art, starting from 1992, is awarded annually in the amount of 300 thousand rubles, since 2005 its amount is 100 thousand dollars. The position of chairman of the commission is traditionally held by the heads of the presidential administration. Candidates for the prize are nominated by the editors of newspapers and magazines, publishing houses and public organizations. Among the laureates are V.S. Makanin, V.N. Voinovich, A.G. Volos, K.Ya. Vanshenkin, D. Granin, V.I. Belov, K.H. Ibragimov, G.M. Kruzhkov.
State Prize for the most talented works for children and youth established by presidential decree in 1998. Boris Zakhoder became the 1999 laureate.
State Pushkin Prize of Russia established in June 1994 by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin - “for the creation of the most talented works in the field of poetry.” Awarded on a competitive basis annually since 1995 by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the Commission for State Prizes in the Field of Literature and Art under the President of the Russian Federation. Nomination of candidates is carried out by federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the federation, enterprises, institutions and organizations, public associations, educational institutions, editorial offices of newspapers and magazines. Works submitted for the prize are considered by a special commission (section) chaired by I. Shklyarevsky as part of the commission for State Prizes of the Russian Federation. In 1999, the cash bonus was increased to 1,600 times the minimum wage.
B. Okudzhava Prize established in 1998. The prize winners are poets and creators of original songs for outstanding works. Awarded in the amount of two hundred times the minimum wage established by the legislation of the Russian Federation. At different times, the prize was received by Yuli Kim, Dmitry Sukharev, Alexander Dolsky, Yuri Ryashentsev.
Booker – Open Russia(Russian Booker Prize – Russian Booker, Small Booker Prize) - awarded since 1992 from the funds of a benefactor who for many years wished to remain anonymous. In 2000, his name was revealed - this is the English public figure Francis Green. Since 2002, the regional public organization “Open Russia” has become the general sponsor of the award. The award became known as “Booker – Open Russia”.
Since 2003, the reward has been $15,000; shortlisted finalists receive $1,000.
Initially, the Small Booker Prize was a kind of branch of the “big” Booker Prize. Currently, the Small Booker is awarded not for a novel, but every year for works of different genres. The goal is to encourage the most innovative and supportable directions in the literary process. Over the years, the Small Booker was awarded: for the best book of stories (Viktor Pelevin, Blue Lantern), for the best debut in prose (Sergey Gandlevsky ( cm. MOSCOW TIME , Craniotomy), for the best magazines of Russian abroad (“Spring”, “Riga”, “Idiot”, “Vitebsk”), for the best work reflecting the history of literature (Mikhail Gasparov, Featured Articles, Alexander Goldstein (Tel Aviv), Breaking up with Narcissist) and others. In 1999, the prize was awarded for a work that develops the essay genre in Russian literature - the laureate was Vladimir Bibikhin for the book New Renaissance. In 2000, the Yuryatin Foundation (Perm, a group of curators of 4 people) received the award for a literary project, that is, organizational activities for collecting, organizing and presenting literary texts that implement certain ideas and concepts. The prize was awarded for book publishing work (publishing books by authors of modern Russian diaspora, significant authors of the province, young authors of Perm, local history literature), organization and support in Perm of the “Literary Environments in the Smyshlyaev House” salon, where many famous contemporary writers spoke, especially for this who came to Perm, and a lecture hall where humanities scholars Georgy Gachev, Mikhail Ryklin, Igor Smirnov, Boris Dubin, Sergei Khoruzhy gave short courses of lectures.
The longlist and shortlist of the Big and Small Russian Booker are published in the fall. The shortlist is announced and commented on at a special press conference. The winner is announced in December.
In 2000, the Small Booker Prize was organizationally separated from the Big Booker Prize.
The prize is awarded by a jury that partially changes every year. In addition, every year special experts are invited to work on the jury in the area that this year is encouraged by the Small Booker.
Pushkin Prize of the German Alfred Tepfer Foundation. The Alfred Tepfler Foundation became the source of a whole system of rewarding cultural and scientific figures in European countries. The Pushkin Prize was founded in 1989 to reward writers writing in Russian for outstanding contributions to Russian literature. The prize is 40,000 euros and is awarded with the participation of the Russian Pen Center. Along with the prize, two scholarships of 6 thousand euros each are awarded annually to young writers. Among the recipients are Andrey Bitov, Evgeny Rein.
Andrei Bely Literary Prize. Established in the cultural underground ( cm. SAMIZDAT) in 1978 by the samizdat magazine “Hours” (editors B. Ivanov and B. Ostanin) as the first regular non-state literary award in the history of Russia. The names of the laureates were determined by an anonymous jury. The bonus was a bottle of white wine, an apple, one ruble (similar to the Goncourt franc) and a diploma. Among the laureates, who, as a rule, represented the avant-garde and postmodern sectors of the literary underground, are poets Viktor Krivulin (1978), Elena Shvarts (1979), Vladimir Aleynikov (1980), Alexander Mironov (1981), Olga Sedakova (1983), Alexey Parshchikov ( 1986), Gennady Aigi (1987), Ivan Zhdanov (1988), Alexander Gornoy (1991), Shamshad Abdullaev (1994); prose writers Arkady Dragomoshchenko (1978), Boris Kudryakov (1979), Boris Dyshlenko (1980), Sasha Sokolov (1981), Evgeny Kharitonov (1981; posthumously), Tamara Korvin (1983), Vasily Aksenov (1985), Leon Bogdanov (1986) , Andrey Bitov (1988), Yuri Mamleev (1991); critics and cultural scientists Boris Groys (1978), Evgeny Shiffers (1979), Yuri Novikov (1980), Efim Barban (1981), Boris Ivanov (1983), Vladimir Erl (1986), Vladimir Malyavin (1988), Mikhail Epstein (1991) .
After a break, the prize was recreated by M. Berg, B. Ivanov, B. Ostanin and V. Krivulin in 1997. According to the founders, it was given “the character of a national cultural institute, which aims to support the experimental and intellectual direction in Russian literature, searches in the field of language , reflecting changes in the mentality and speech practice of the new generation, but taking into account the experience of Russian modernism, most clearly expressed in the work of Andrei Bely, whose significance we consider unchanged against the backdrop of the most incredible changes in our cultural climate.”
Awarded in four categories: poetry, prose, criticism and cultural theory. There is also an award “for special merits”, which remains, as before, the prerogative of an anonymous jury. To the traditional financial reward is added a notarized agreement for the publication of a book of the laureate’s essays over the next year in the special series “Andrei Bely Prize Laureates.” The names of the laureates were first announced in St. Petersburg, later as part of the Moscow Exhibition-Fair of Intellectual Books, on Andrei Bely’s birthday - October 26.
Antibooker – annual bonus; created in 1995 under Nezavisimaya Gazeta. Since 1996, it has been awarded separately for prose (“The Brothers Karamazov”), poetry (“The Stranger”) and drama (“Three Sisters”). Since 1997, the prize has been awarded for literary criticism and literary criticism (“Ray of Light”) and non-fiction (“Fourth Prose”) since 2000.
Aelita– Russia’s oldest prize for science fiction prose, was established in 1982 by the Union of Writers of the RSFSR and the editors of the Ural Pathfinder magazine. Awarded annually for the best science fiction book of the previous two years at the festival of science fiction lovers in Yekaterinburg. The amount of monetary reward is not disclosed. The first honorary laureates of the Aelita Prize were A. and B. Strugatsky.
Prize« Debut"was established in 2000 by the International Generation Foundation for authors under 25 years of age writing in Russian. Has seven nominations: “Large Prose”, “Small Prose”, “Poetry”, “Drama”, “Film Story”, “Publicism”, “Literature of Spiritual Search”. The winners in all five categories receive the honorary “Bird” prize.
All-Russian Literary Prize named after St. blg. Prince Alexander Nevsky« Faithful sons of Russia» established by the Holy Trinity Alexander Nevsky Lavra with the blessing of Metropolitan Vladimir of St. Petersburg and Ladoga with the support of the Writers' Union of Russia. Awarded in the categories “Poetry”, “Fiction”, “Documentary and journalistic prose”, “Book for children”, “Criticism and literary criticism”, “Magazine and Newspaper”. The commission consists of priests, members of the Union of Writers of Russia. The main principles for determining the winners are high artistic style based on Orthodox spirituality, professionalism, historical authenticity, and patriotic orientation.
The prize is awarded annually in January. For first places the medal “Literary Prize named after St. Blessed Virgin Mary” is awarded. Book Alexander Nevsky", a certificate and a cash prize of $2,000. For second and third places - certificates and cash prizes. The first place winners receive the right to become members of the commission for the next year. Among the awarded are Yu. Kozlov, E. Yushin.
National Prize named after. A. and B. Strugatsky(ABC Award) was established in 1999 by the “Center for Contemporary Literature and Books” with the assistance of the literary community of St. Petersburg and the support of the administration and Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg. The prize encourages “realistic trends in fiction, connections with the past, present and future of real earthly people.”
Prize laureates E. Lukin, V. Mikhailov, M. Uspensky, N. Galkina, S. Lukyanenko, V. Pelevin.
Apollo Grigoriev Prize established in 1997 by the Academy of Russian Contemporary Literature as a “professional expert prize for the best work of the year in all genres, except criticism, literary criticism and cultural studies.” Sponsors of the award are ONEXIMbank (1997), State Bank (since 1998). Nominators are all members of the Academy. A jury is selected by lot (chairmen: 1997 - Peter Weil; 1998 - Alexander Ageev; 1999 - Sergey Chuprinin; 2000 - Alla Latynina; 2001 - Evgeny Sidorov; 2002 - Andrey Nemzer), which determines three laureates, and then announces the winner of the main prize. The main prize is awarded $25,000; other laureates are awarded laptops and printers (a writer's workstation) worth $2,500 each.
Ivan Petrovich Belkin Prize, established by the EKSMO publishing house and the Znamya magazine, is the only prize in Russia named after a literary hero, established in 2001. Awarded for the best Russian story of the year. The right to nominate is enjoyed by the editors of newspapers and magazines, creative organizations, as well as professional literary critics. Monetary reward: the laureate - 5 thousand dollars, the authors of the remaining four stories included in the short list are rewarded in amounts of 500 dollars. The coordinator of the award is Natalya Ivanova. Chairmen of the jury: in 2001 - Fazil Iskander, in 2002 - Leonid Zorin.
« Bronze snail» Established in 1992 by Andrei Nikolaev and Alexander Sidorovich as the personal prize of B.N. Strugatsky (he is the chairman and only member of the prize jury). Awarded in the categories “Large Form”, “Medium Form”, “Small Form”, “Criticism/Publicism” at the traditional annual conferences of science fiction writers, critics, translators, and publishers in Repino near St. Petersburg.
Prize« Northern Palmyra"established in 1994. Awarded by the jury (O. Basilashvili, A. German, Y. Gordin, A. Dodin, A. Panchenko, A. Petrov, B. Strugatsiy, A. Ariev, etc.) for a literary work created in Russian language and published in St. Petersburg, in nominations: poetry; prose; journalism and criticism; book publishing. The prize was sponsored by the Credit Petersburg Bank (1995) and the St. Petersburg Bank for Reconstruction and Development (1996). According to the regulations, the nomination commission analyzes St. Petersburg literature throughout the year and nominates the most talented works, in its opinion. Upon completion of this work, 7 applicants remain in each section of the award. Voting takes place anonymously, works are not discussed so that jury members do not put pressure on each other.
Literary Prize named after. Alexandra Solzhenitsyn is awarded by the foundation, founded by A.I. Solzhenitsyn in 1997, as a reward to Russian writers “whose work has high artistic merit, contributes to the self-knowledge of Russia, and makes a significant contribution to the preservation and careful development of the traditions of Russian literature.” The prize may be awarded for a novel, a story or collection of stories, a book or series of poems, a play, a collection of articles, or research. The permanent jury includes A. Solzhenitsyn, N. Struve, V. Nepomnyashchy, L. Saraskina, P. Basinsky, N. Solzhenitsyn. The monetary amount of the award is 25 thousand dollars.
Triumph. Awarded by the Russian Independent Foundation for the Encouragement of Highest Achievements of Literature and Art, established by JSC LogoVAZ in the summer of 1992. The names of applicants are proposed by members of the jury, as well as experts, and are not announced in advance. The names of the laureates are determined by a permanent jury, which includes V. Aksenov, A. Voznesensky
International Sholokhov Prize established in 1993 by the magazine "Young Guard", the publishing house "Modern Writer" (now "Soviet Writer"), MSPS and the writers' joint-stock company. The current founders are MSPS, the Union of Artists of Russia, the publishing house "Soviet Writer", Moscow State Open Pedagogical University named after. M.A. Sholokhova. The permanent chairman of the jury is Yu. Bondarev. The monetary support for the prize is not disclosed; the laureates are awarded diplomas and medals.
National bestseller. Established in 2000 by the National Bestseller Foundation. Prose works in Russian are nominated for the prize. The winner receives a prize of 10 thousand dollars. Among the awarded are M. Shishkin, V. Pelevin, A. Garrosa and A. Evdokimov, A. Prokhanov and L. Yuzefovich.
Prize named after P.P.Bazhova established in November 1999 on the occasion of the 120th anniversary of the writer by the Sverdlovsk branch of the Literary Fund of Russia and the financial and industrial group “Jewels of the Urals”. The competition has actually stepped beyond the regional framework and acquired the status of an all-Russian one. The prize is awarded annually for achievements in literary activity not only to representatives of the Ural region, but also to writers from other Russian territories for works on Ural themes. Five nominations: “Prose”, “Poetry”, “Drama”, “Literary Studies”, “Publicism”. Each laureate receives a sum of money in the amount of 10 thousand rubles, as well as specially cast gold and silver medals.
Prize named after Boyana established by the Council of Governors of border cities and regions of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. The Regulations on the Prize say that it is “awarded for works that carry the light of Slavic spirituality, rooted in Slavic mythology and folklore and affirming the ideas of friendship and brotherhood of the Slavic peoples.”
Prize named after F.M.Dostoevsky was established by the Writers' Union of Russia together with the Association of Russian Writers of Estonia and the non-profit association “Prize named after. F.M. Dostoevsky ". It was first awarded in the year of the 180th anniversary of the writer’s birth. The prize is awarded to writers who have made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of Russian literature and culture, both in Estonia and Russia, and in other countries.
Among the recipients are Valentin Rasputin, Geir Kjotso, Anna Vedernikova, Anatoly Builov, Rostislav Titov, B.N. Tarasov.
Prize named after Igor Severyanin was established by the Russian faction of the Riigikogu and is awarded annually to cultural figures who have made a significant contribution to the development and popularization of Russian cultural life in Estonia and Estonian cultural life among the Russian-speaking population of the country.
All-Russian Literary Prize named after Sergei Yesenin« O Rus', flap your wings..."is an annual open competition of works by Russian poets, established by the National Foundation for the Development of Culture and Tourism and the Union of Writers of Russia in 2005. Awarded in four categories: "Big Prize" - poetic works (poems and poems) are accepted for the competition; "With a Seeking Look" - critical works on Russian poetry, “Song Word” – texts of poems set to music (at least 3), “Russian Hope” – poetry of young people (18–30 years old). No later than October 3 of the current year, the award committee announces the names of the laureates.
Contest« Scarlet Sails"for the best publications for children and youth was established in 2003 by the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Press, Television and Radio Broadcasting and Mass Communications.
As the development of modern literature shows, literary awards have become an integral part of literary life, presenting unique ratings of works and writers. Of course, this method of labeling raises certain criticisms due to the subjectivity of choice, bias (when they choose “their own”), considerations of the political situation, etc. However, despite all the disadvantages, the practice of awarding literary prizes will obviously continue, since it represents a clear and accessible way of structuring and evaluating literary works.
Irina Ermakova
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Hugo Award
This award can be called one of the most democratic: its laureates are determined by voting by registered participants of the World Convention of Science Fiction Fans WorldCon (therefore the award is considered a “reader’s award”). The Hugo Award is a literary award for science fiction. It was established in 1953 and is named after Hugo Gernsback, the creator of the first specialized science fiction magazines. The prize is awarded annually for the best works of fiction published in English. The winners are awarded a figurine in the form of a taking off rocket. The prize is awarded in the following categories:
. Best Novel
. Best Novella
. Best short story (Best Novellette)
. Best Short Story
. Best Science Fiction Book (Best Related Book)
. Best production, large form (Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form)
. Best production, small form (Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form)
. Best Professional Editor
. Best Professional Artist
. Best semi-professional magazine (Best SemiProzine)
. Best Fanzine. Best Fan Writer
. Best Fan Artist
The list of winners of this and other science fiction awards can be found on the Russian Science Fiction website (www.rusf.ru). Separately, the John Campbell Prize is awarded to the “Most Promising New Author of the Year”, which is awarded to a debut science fiction writer. Along with the Hugo Award, the Gandalf Award is sometimes awarded - not for a specific work, but for a significant contribution to the development of the fantasy genre.
Cervantes Prize
The Cervantes Literary Prize, established by the Spanish Ministry of Culture in 1975, is valued in the Spanish-speaking world no less than the Nobel Prize. The monetary part of the “Spanish Nobel Prize” is 90 thousand euros, it is awarded annually to the next laureate by the King of All Spain, Juan Carlos, in the homeland of the author of “Don Quixote” - in the town of Alcala de Henares, which is 50 kilometers from Madrid.
James Tait Award
Britain's oldest literary award is the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, awarded by the University of Edinburgh since 1919 to the best novelists and biographical writers. Its laureates at various times were Evelyn Waugh, Iris Murdoch, Graham Greene, and Ian McEwan.
Orange Award
For women writers in Great Britain who write in English, there is the Orange Prize. The winners are awarded a bronze statuette with the affectionate name Bessie and a check for the pleasant sum of £30,000. The jury of the award is exclusively women. http://www.orangeprize.co.uk/
Nobel Prize in Literature
The prize, founded by Swedish chemical engineer, inventor and industrialist Alfred Bernhard Nobel and named the Nobel Prize in his honor, is the world's most prestigious and most criticized. Of course, this is largely due to the size of the Nobel Prize: the award consists of a gold medal with the image of A. Nobel and the corresponding inscription, a diploma and, most importantly, a check for a sum of money. The size of the latter depends on the profits of the Nobel Foundation. According to Nobel's will, drawn up on November 27, 1895, his capital (initially over 31 million Swedish crowns) was invested in shares, bonds and loans. The income from them is divided annually into 5 equal parts and becomes prizes for the most outstanding world achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for activities to strengthen peace. Particular passions flare up around the Nobel Prize in Literature. The main complaints against the Swedish Academy in Stockholm (it is the one that identifies the most worthy writers) are the decisions of the Nobel Committee themselves, and the fact that they are made in strict secrecy. The Nobel Committee announces only the number of applicants for a particular prize, but does not name their names. Evil tongues also claim that the prize is sometimes given for political rather than literary reasons. The main trump card of critics and detractors is Leo Tolstoy, Nabokov, Joyce, Borges, who were passed over for the Nobel Prize... The prize is awarded annually on December 10 - the anniversary of Nobel's death. The Swedish king traditionally awards Nobel writers in Stockholm. Within 6 months after receiving the Nobel Prize, the laureate must give a Nobel lecture on the topic of his work.
International Prize named after G.-H. Andersen
For the appearance of this prize, we must thank the German writer Jelle Lepmann (1891-1970). And not only for this. It was Mrs. Lepman who achieved that, by decision of UNESCO, the birthday of G.-H. Andersen, April 2, became International Children's Book Day. She also initiated the creation of the International Council on Children's and Youth Books (IBBY), an organization uniting writers, artists, literary scholars, and librarians from more than sixty countries. Since 1956, IBBY has awarded the International G.-H. Andersen, which with the light hand of the same Ella Lepman is called the “little Nobel Prize” for children's literature. Since 1966, this award has also been given to illustrators of children's books. The laureates receive a gold medal with the profile of a great storyteller once every 2 years at the next IBBY congress. The award is given only to living writers and artists.
Astrid Lindgren International Literary Prize
The Swedish government, immediately after Lindgren's death, decided to establish a literary prize named after the world-famous storyteller. “I hope that the Prize will serve the dual role of serving as a reminder of Astrid and her life's work, as well as promoting and promoting good children's literature,” said Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. The annual International Literary Award by Astrid Lingren (The Astrid Lingren Memorial Award) “For works for children and youth” should attract world attention to literature for children and adolescents and to children's rights. Therefore, it can be awarded not only to a writer or artist for an exceptional contribution to the development of children's books, but also for any activity to promote reading and protect children's rights. The monetary content of the award is also attractive - 500,000 euros. The lucky winners of the award are determined by 12 honorary citizens of the country, members of the State Cultural Council of Sweden. By tradition, the name of the laureate of this award is announced every year in March in Astrid Lindgren's homeland. The award is presented to the laureate in May in Stockholm.
Grintsane Cavour
In 2001, UNESCO declared the Grinzane Cavour Prize an “exemplary institute for international culture.” Despite its short history (established in Turin in 1982), the prize is one of the most prestigious literary awards in Europe. It received its name from the 13th century Turin castle: Count Benso Cavour, the first prime minister of united Italy, used to live there, and now the headquarters of the award is located there. The main goal of “Grinzane Cavour” is to introduce the younger generation to literature, for which the jury includes both venerable literary critics and schoolchildren. About a thousand teenagers from Italy, Germany, France, Spain, Belgium, the Czech Republic, the USA, Cuba, and Japan vote for the books of the authors nominated for the award. http://www.grinzane.it/
Prix Goncourt
France's main literary prize, the Prix Goncourt, established in 1896 and awarded since 1902, is awarded to the author of the best novel or collection of short stories of the year in French, not necessarily living in France. It bears the name of the French classics Goncourt brothers - Edmond Louis Antoine (1832-1896) and Jules Alfred Huot (1830-1869). The younger, Edmond, bequeathed his enormous fortune to the literary Academy, which became known as the Goncourt Academy and established an annual prize of the same name. The Goncourt Academy includes 10 of the most famous writers in France, who work for a nominal fee - 60 francs per year. Everyone has one vote and can cast it for one book, only the president has two votes. Members of the Goncourt Academy at different times were the writers A. Daudet, J. Renard, Rosny Sr., F. Eria, E. Bazin, Louis Aragon... Now the charter of the Goncourt Academy has changed: now the age of the jury members of the prestigious Goncourt Prize should not exceed 80 years. Initially, the prize was conceived as a reward for young writers for original talent, new and bold searches for content and form.
Booker Prize
Any resident of the Commonwealth of Nations or Ireland whose novel in English is considered worthy of worldwide fame and 50 thousand pounds sterling can receive the Booker Prize. The award has been presented since 1969, sponsored by the Man Group since 2002, and officially named The Man Booker Prize. First, a list of approximately one hundred books is compiled by an annual advisory committee of publishers and representatives of the writing world, literary agents, booksellers, libraries and the Man Booker Prize Foundation. The committee approves a jury of five people - famous literary critics, writers, scientists, and public figures. In August, the jury announces a “long list” of 20-25 novels, in September - six participants in the “short list”, and in October - the laureate himself. To mark the 40th anniversary of the prize, a special “Booker of All Time” award appeared. Its laureate was to be the booker, whose work was considered by readers to be the best novel in all the years of the prize's existence. In 2008, the cash portion of the prize was more than one hundred thousand US dollars (50 thousand pounds).
International Booker Prize
This prize was established in 2005 and is a “relative” of the regular Booker. It is awarded once every 2 years to the author for a work of fiction written in English or accessible to the general reader in translation into it.
The Carnegie Medal
The word “medal” can be found in the names of many “children’s literature” awards. For example, the vast majority of writers would consider it an honor to receive The Carnegie Medal. This very prestigious award has been awarded since 1936 and has always attracted the attention of the general public. The jury consists of representatives of the librarians' association. List of laureates: http://www.carnegiegreenaway.org.uk/carnegie/list.html
IMPAC
The world's largest prize for a single literary work is 100 thousand euros. It is awarded to the winners of the international IMPAC award, established in 1996 by Dublin City Council. In this city, glorified by Joyce, the award ceremony takes place. Although the headquarters of the international company IMPAC (Improved Management Productivity and Control), whose name the award bears, is located in Florida and has no direct connection with literature. IMPAC, a global leader in productivity improvement, works on projects for major corporations and organizations in 65 countries. To be eligible, a work must be written or translated into English and be able to withstand intense international competition, with 185 library systems in 51 countries eligible to nominate candidates. Award website
The boom in literary awards in Russia is a sign of the last 20 years, but it cannot be said that they were invented only now. What if not a bonus were, for example, rings, snuff boxes and other valuable gifts, which Emperor Alexander I loved to give to writers in abundance. It is known that in 1802 alone, the tsar spent an amount unheard of at that time on encouraging writers - 160 thousand rubles .
The main Soviet prize, the Stalin Prize, became a direct continuation of the imperial tradition. Now this is rarely remembered, but at first its fund was formed from the fees that Stalin received for publishing his works in different countries. That is, it was also a personal royal reward of 100 thousand rubles. After the death of the leader, the Stalin Prizes were replaced by Lenin Prizes (10 thousand rubles) and State Prizes (5 thousand). This was an amount sufficient to buy a car.
The era of independent awards began in 1991 with the establishment of the Russian Booker. Russian literature then received reinforcements in the form of British money. The Booker Prize itself is of British origin, its name comes from the name of the Booker company, famous for the production of canned vegetables. In the early 1990s, Booker’s agents drew attention to the huge field of activity that Russian literature represented, but there was no clearly defined material gain being pursued. As with most other literary awards, by the way, their founders are driven more by image considerations.
“Russian Booker” did not remain the only major prize for long. In 1995, the management of Nezavisimaya Gazeta (and in fact, its owner Boris Berezovsky) established a competing award, which was called Anti-Booker. Its size was $12,001, that is, a dollar more than that of the Russian Booker. In 2001, with increased pressure on Berezovsky and the initiation of criminal cases against him, Anti-Booker ceased to exist.
But by that time, players began to appear one after another on the field of Russian literary awards. To date, their number has reached six hundred. Trud recalled the main ones.
Established in November 2005.
Prize fund: With a prize fund of 5.5 million rubles, it is one of the largest in the world. The size of the first prize is 3 million rubles, the second - 1.5 million, the third - 1 million.
Who gives money: founders are the Ministry of Culture, Rospechat, the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, but the monetary component is mainly provided by Gazprom.
Distinctive feature: awarding not only works of art, but also literature in the non-fiction genre.
Established in 2008 on the personal initiative of Anatoly Chubais.
Prize fund: one prize of 50 thousand dollars is awarded.
Who gives money: at first it was supported by RAO UES of Russia; after Chubais left there, it came under the wing of the Future Energy fund, specially established by the businessman.
Distinctive feature: only living contemporary poets can become laureates. Among the laureates are Sergei Gandlevsky, Timur Kibirov, Alexander Kushner.
Established in September 2003.
Prize fund: the prize in the “Modern Classics” nomination is equal to 900 thousand rubles, in the “Literature of the 21st Century” nomination - 750 thousand.
Who gives money: established by the Leo Tolstoy Estate Museum in Yasnaya Polyana and the South Korean company Samsung Electronics, which sponsors the award.
Distinctive feature: supports the works of contemporary authors developing the humanistic ideas of Leo Tolstoy.
Established in 1998 by Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
Prize fund: 25 thousand dollars.
Who gives money: The Alexander Solzhenitsyn Foundation, founded by the writer in 1974 and collecting royalties from all editions of his book “The Gulag Archipelago”.
Distinctive feature: awarded to writers living in Russia who created their works after the 1917 revolution. Genres: prose, poetry, drama, literary criticism and literary criticism.
Established in March 2009.
Prize fund: 700 thousand rubles. Reader's Choice Award - 200 thousand rubles.
Who gives money: established by the Mikhail Prokhorov Foundation. Part of the Book World project, led by publisher Irina Prokhorova.
Distinctive feature: created to support new trends in modern Russian literature.
Established in December 1991.
Prize fund: 12 thousand dollars.
Who gives money: main sponsor is British Petroleum.
Distinctive feature: being the first post-Soviet prize, it is distinguished by its emphasis on dissident literature. Among the laureates are Vasily Aksenov, Georgy Vladimov.
Established in 2001 on the initiative of literary critic Viktor Toporov.
Prize fund: 10 thousand dollars.
Who gives money: The award fund is formed from the funds of the investment and construction company “Vistcom”.
Distinctive feature: honors the best novel of the year. Information about which of the nominees nominates whom is open.
The biggest prizes in the world
Nobel (Sweden) - 1.05 million euros
Chino del Duca (France) - 300 thousand euros
Dublin (Ireland) - 100 thousand euros
IMPAC (Ireland - USA) - 100 thousand euros
“Miguel de Cervantes” (Spain) - 90 thousand euros
Goethe Prize (Germany) - 50 thousand euros
Writers who made the most money from awards
Lyudmila Ulitskaya
3.35 million rubles
The novels “The Case of Kukotsky” and “Daniel Stein, Translator” were awarded “Russian Booker” (2001) and “Big Book” (2007).
Dmitry Bykov
3 million rubles
The biographical novel “Boris Pasternak” was awarded the “Big Book” and “National Bestseller” awards in 2006.
Mikhail Shishkin
1.3 million rubles
The novel "Venus's Hair" was awarded the "Big Book" award in 2006 and the "National Bestseller" award in 2005.
Lyudmila Saraskina
2.25 million rubles
Her biography “Alexander Solzhenitsyn” was awarded the “Big Book” and “Yasnaya Polyana” prizes in 2008.
An award or award is usually awarded on a competitive basis to a person or organization for outstanding results in a particular field of activity. Below is a list of the ten most famous awards in the world.
The ranking of the most famous awards opens with the Pulitzer Prize, the most prestigious US award in the fields of literature, journalism, music and theater. It was founded on August 17, 1903 by newspaper magnate Joseph Pulitzer. The prize has been awarded annually in twenty-one categories since 1917. The prize amount is $10,000.
MTV Video Music Awards is an annual award given by MTV for the creation of video clips. The ceremony was first held in 1984 in New York. The record holder for the number of figurines won, the so-called “Moonmanow”, is the American singer Madonna, who won 20 awards.
BRIT Awards
The BRIT Awards are the UK's most prestigious annual award, awarded for achievements in pop music. The award was first presented in 1977 as part of Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee celebrations. Since 1982 it has been awarded annually. The record holder for the number of nominations is British singer Robbie Williams (17 BRIT Awards).
Seventh in the list of the most famous awards is the Grammy, an annual music award of the Recording Academy of America, founded on March 14, 1958. Awarded by voting in 78 categories across 30 musical genres. As of February 2009, a total of 7,578 awards had been given.
The Cannes Film Festival is an annual international film festival founded in 1946. Held at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of France. The most prestigious award given at the Cannes Film Festival in the category for best film is the Palme d'Or.
Fifth place in the list of the most famous awards in the world goes to the Golden Globe. This is an annual American award, awarded since 1944 for films and television films based on voting by approximately 90 international journalists based in Hollywood. The record holder for the number of nominations is Meryl Streep (29 awards).
BAFTA
BAFTA is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the arts such as film, television and computer games. The organization was formed in 1947 under the leadership of David Lean. The first BAFTA Awards took place in 1948 in London. The winners receive a gold mask as a prize.
Third place in the list of the ten most famous awards in the world goes to the Booker Prize. This is the most prestigious literary award, given annually in the UK since 1969 for the best original novel written in the English language. The winner of the award receives £50 thousand.
Oscar
In second place in the list of the most famous awards in the world is the Oscar - the most prestigious American film award on the planet, awarded annually since 1929 in Los Angeles, at the Dolby Theater for various achievements in the film industry. From 1953 to the present, the ceremony has been broadcast on television in more than 200 countries. Walt Disney received the most Oscars (26 awards).
The Nobel Prize is an international annual prize awarded for outstanding scientific research, revolutionary inventions or major contributions to culture or society. The prize was named in honor of the Swedish chemist, engineer and inventor Alfred Nobel, who in his will ordered a portion of his capital to be awarded as a reward for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace. Between 1901–2015 The Nobel Prize has been awarded to 870 laureates and 26 organizations.
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