With the onset of the long-awaited summer, the issue of children's safety on the water becomes relevant. Water is a good friend and ally of a person, helping to get maximum pleasure from relaxation and improve health. But at the same time, it does not tolerate frivolity and can be a source of increased danger. Every person should know basic water safety rules. What should you do to make swimming safe? What rules must be followed? To answer these questions, I prepared a lesson on the topic “Water Safety”. Goal: to develop children’s ideas about safe behavior on the pond.

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Summary of an open lesson on the topic “Rules and safety measures on reservoirs in the summer”

Target: To consolidate children's knowledge about the rules of behavior on reservoirs in the summer.

Tasks:

Organization of students’ assimilation of rules of behavior and safety measures on water, as well as algorithms for actions in dangerous situations in these conditions.

Development of children's communication skills - telling, explaining, listening, asking questions.

Training in cooperation skills and joint creative activities.

Progress of the lesson:

Summer holidays have arrived. It's nice to swim in the sea, river, lake, or pond on a hot summer day. We really want your vacation to be hassle-free. But every body of water can be dangerous in its own way. How do you think they can be dangerous?

Let's remember the rules of behavior on water in the summer (watch the video “Rules of safe behavior on water”)

And now, we will consolidate our existing knowledge on the topic in a playful way. Today in class we will talk about the dangers and rules of conduct near water.

Now I suggest you playgame "Finish the sentence". I will start reading the rule, and you will finish it, choosing the right words.

You can't come to the water... Without adults.

You can’t go swimming in a deep... Place.

You cannot dive in unfamiliar... Places.

You can't dive in shallow... Places.

You can't swim in unfamiliar... Places.

You cannot swim in places where swimming is...Prohibited.

You can't swim behind... Buoys.

You can't swim immediately after...Eating.

You can’t swim after sunbathing for a long time... In the sun.

Well done boys. We completed the task.

Guys, listen to the story and find the mistakes in it.("Find the error")

“One day, while no one was home, the children decided to go swimming. The days were sunny, the water in the river was warm. There were a lot of people on the beach, and the boys decided to go further away, the place was unfamiliar, but no one would bother them to swim there. They laid a blanket on the shore and decided to sunbathe first in the sun. The guys sunbathed and decided to jump into the water with a running start.

The boys took a long swim. They tried to drown each other while playing. And it’s good that an adult passed nearby, who forced them to get out of the water and immediately go home.”

What rules did the boys break? (The boys went to the river without adults. They went further away and swam in an unfamiliar place. They entered the water abruptly. They were in the water for a long time. You cannot dive in unfamiliar places. You cannot drown each other, because you can choke on water and drown.)

"Helper Items"

Guys, look at these pictures (pictures placed on a board with a picture of a lifebuoy, mattress, vest, log.)

What can unite these objects?

Right. With the help of these items you can save a drowning person.

If a friend drowns in a river.

If he goes down

Throw him a rope, a circle,

Stick, ball or log.

Now let's try to choose the right items that will help a drowning person. I will name the objects, and when you hear the name of the desired object, you will clap your hands, and if it is an unnecessary object, stomp:

Inflatable mattress;

Lifebuoy;

Goggles;

Long stick;

Board;

Inflatable vest;

Rubber ball;

Rope;

Wooden raft;

Rubber tube.

Physical education minute.

We went down to the fast river,

They bent down and washed.

One two three four.

That's how nicely refreshed we were.

And now we swam together.

You need to do this manually:

Together - once, this is breaststroke.

One another is a rabbit.

All of us, as one, swim like a dolphin.

Went ashore steep

And we went home.

"Pick a Pair"

Children are presented with a poetic text describing the situation; they need to select the desired picture.

1. On the high bank,

Children don't play!

The ground disappears from under your feet

Maybe you should know!

And straight down from the cliff

Fly into the water...

And he will be left shouting:

“People, help!!!”

2. When thunder roars around you

And lightning flashes

Don't go into open water!

After all, anything can happen...

And if you are caught in a thunderstorm,

Don't swim, don't swim...

As soon as the rain began to patter,

Get to the shore!

3. For both adults and children

I would like to say:

In an unfamiliar place

You can't dive!

Maybe very small

The river turns out to be...

And it's dangerous in the sand

Stick your head in!

Branches, stones, glass

Hid at the bottom -

It's hard to notice them

In the depths of the water...

4. If you have fun on the water,

Make sure that the joke does not lead to trouble...

Don't drown someone else - it may turn out

What if a friend happens to swallow water,

He will panic and begin to struggle -

And it will drag you under the water with it!

And the game will end so sadly...

We don't want you to drown in the river!

5. Waves are rolling from boats with ships...

There's no point in arguing with waves like these!

Avoid them if possible

Don't swim close to the boats:

It is very difficult to see the swimmer from above,

It is impossible to brake on water:

Can cover your head with water,

It might take your breath away...

The ending will probably be sad:

It's unlikely you'll be able to go back...

6. The beach is surrounded by buoys

From ships, snags and waves.

So you can swim here,

There is nothing to fear.

Have fun as you want

But please note:

So as not to lose life -

Don't swim behind the buoys!

7. No need to be mischievous

And make holes in the circle;

It's not worth risking your life

Not a friend, not a friend.

But if you, but if you

Naughty and evil prankster -

Not far from trouble:

A leaky circle is dangerous.

8. Don’t swim near the sewer –

It might pull you right into the pipe...

And it won’t work, no matter how hard you try,

Come up for air...

Very dangerous - remember, brothers!

Have fun next to the sewer!

9. If you want to sail in a boat,

Then, children, be sure to remember:

You can ride all day, until sunset,

Just don't rock the boat,

And don’t reach for a beautiful flower

The boat might capsize...

If you fail to surface, then there will be trouble!

Always be careful on the water!

10. Children have fun swinging on the waves

On colored mattresses, inflatable rings.

You just need to know:

You don't have to swim far into the water!

The circle or mattress may become leaky...

Who will have time to save you from the abyss?

And it’s easy to capsize on the waves...

“Draw a water safety sign!”(It is proposed to display signs indicating: swimming is prohibited, do not swim beyond the buoys, place for swimming)

Word game "Yes or no"

(If it’s dangerous, we raise our hands up; if it’s not, we lower our hands.)

Is it possible to go swimming in a pond without adult supervision?

Can't jump and dive into the water?

Is it possible to swim far from the shore on an inflatable sailor?

Can you swim in areas where swimming is prohibited?

Can't we push, splash, grab each other's legs and arms, put each other's heads in the water?

Can I go to frozen ponds and rivers alone?

Is it impossible to move on the ice of the river during a thaw?

Do you need to call for help if the ice cracks under your feet and falls through, and you find yourself in a hole?

Game “What will I take to the beach?”

Now, guys, we will check how you know how to get ready for the beach. You need to choose cards with the names of the items needed for going to the beach and explain your choice.

Not only do your parents care about your safety while relaxing near a pond, but alsopeople of special professions.Do you know what these professions are called? (Divers, rescuers, etc.)

Listen to the diver's story and answer the question, what safety rules did the children violate?

Gleb Ivanovich is a diver, he dived 20 times a day.

He saved 240 adults and 3000 children.

He has a medal and an order, but he waved at the medal:

If someone drowns, it will be a great pity!

I sit on the tower all day, the kids are hooligans:

Either they fight on rafts, or they dive in the wrong places,

They swim behind the buoys and go to the bottom of the river...

I would look for a better treasure! I would love to catch fish!

But in the river, instead of fish, I should catch guys...

In general, I will tell everyone that swimming is not a trifle!

This is how the diver Gleb Ivanovich ended his story.

What did the diver have to observe?

Sometimes, even if you follow water safety rules, trouble can happen. The main thing is not to panic and remember the basic rules.

Practical lesson

How to get rid of cramps.

1) Call people for help.

2) Try to take a deep breath, relax and freely dive into the water.

3) Grasp the shin of your contracted leg with both hands under water, bend your knee forcefully, and then straighten your leg with your hands, doing this several times until you have enough breath.

4) If the cramps continue, pinch the lower leg until it hurts.

5) Grab your big toe with both hands and pull it towards you.

6) After the cramps stop, change your swimming style, lie on your back for a while, then slowly swim to the shore.

If you choke on water.

1) Don’t panic, try to turn your back to the wave.

2) Press your arms bent at the elbows to your lower chest and take several sharp exhalations, helping yourself with your hands

3) Clear your mouth and nose of water and make several swallowing movements.

4) Restore your breathing, lie on your stomach, move towards the shore.

5) If necessary, call people for help.

If you saw a drowning person.

1) Attract the attention of others by loudly shouting “The man is drowning!”

2) Throw a lifebuoy, rubber tube, etc. closer to the drowning person.

3) Call an ambulance.

4) If a drowning person is next to you, do not let him grab you by the neck or arm, swim up to him from behind and grab him by the hair. Turn over onto your back, raise your head.

If we all follow the rules of water safety, our vacation will be successful and fun. I think you guys will remember the rules of conduct while swimming. And don’t forget the most important rule: To avoid trouble, be careful near the water!

MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION KINDERGARTEN OF GENERAL DEVELOPMENTAL TYPE No. 9 “COSMOS”

MUNICIPALITY

CITY DISTRICT of Lyubertsy MOSCOW REGION

Abstract

Direct educational activities

"Water Safety"

Educator: Vardanyan Hasmik Anushavanovna

Lyubertsy, 2017/2018

Target: formation in the younger generation of a conscious, responsible attitude towards personal safety and those around them (preparatory group)

Program content:

Tasks:

Educational:

Instilling in children the skills of safe behavior on water and near water, on ice.

Strengthen knowledge of basic life-saving equipment

Educational:

Development of children's creative abilities, fine motor skills;

Strengthen the ability to work with scissors, glue and waste material

Educational:

Cultivate restraint, perseverance and accuracy.

Materials: blue Whatman paper, scissors, glue, pencil, sponges, fleece.

Progress of the lesson

Educator:

Music from the program WHAT? WHERE? WHEN?

Educator: On November 16 at 10-30 I invite you to the club of experts on WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? Today the preparatory group “BEAR” of kindergarten No. 96 is taking part in the game. (Children sit at the game table)

The know-it-all found out that you will soon go to school and decided to gather a “club of experts.” He sent us questions that you will have to answer. And our topic will be “safe behavior on bodies of water.” Look, envelopes with questions are laid out on the gaming table. Using a top, you need to determine which question should be answered.

Water is a good friend and helper of man. Let's listen to N. Ryzhova's poem "Magic Water", which will be read by Rita Kaplun

Rita: Have you heard about water?

They say she is everywhere!

You will find it in the pond

and in a damp forest swamp.

In a puddle, in the sea, in the ocean

and water tap.

Like an icicle freezes

Fog creeps into the forest

It's boiling on your stove,

The kettle steam hisses.

We can't wash ourselves without it

Don't eat, don't get drunk!

I dare to report to you:

We can't live without her.

Educator: Where can we find water in nature? (children's answers)

Educator: That's right. In a pond, in a reservoir, lake, ocean, river, rain, etc.

Today we will talk to you about safe behavior near bodies of water in winter and summer.

So our game begins. Experts, are you ready? (children's answer)

First round (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the task).

Imagine you come to the shore of a river or lake in the summer. Agree, it’s hot, sunny, you want to swim. Splash, swim. Can you swim? (children's answers.) The ability to float on water is necessary for any person. It was not for nothing that the ancient Greeks considered those people who could not read and swim to be illiterate.

So the question is? Remember and use the cards to tell us the rules of behavior on the water? (there are pictures on the table, children must take and tell the rules)

(The teacher comments and adds or asks leading questions as the children answer))

There is no need to swim in an unfamiliar place, especially where there are no other swimmers.

You can't run into the water without knowing its bottom. After all, the bottom of a river or lake can be fraught with many dangers: submerged snags, broken glass, sharp tins, deep holes.

Before you go into the water, look at what it looks like. If the color and smell are not the same as usual, you should not swim in it.

You can only swim if accompanied by an adult.

You cannot dive or swim far in unfamiliar places.

Rules of behavior on the water (cards)

1. Swim only under adult supervision.

2. do not swim in unfamiliar places

3. You can only swim in specially equipped places.

4. When swimming, do not grab each other's arms and legs.

Educator: Well done! Remember the rules of conduct on a pond. Let's continue playing.

Second round (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the task). But imagine, you and I came to a pond or lake in the summer and wanted to swim... question? What life-saving equipment will we use to swim safely on the water? (the children have cards with objects in front of them; they need to select the ones they need and tell them what they are used for)

Educator: Well done! Now we will follow the rules of swimming in the pond.

And we have the Third Round. (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the assignment).

This question is for your wits. Connoisseurs should know everything about water. Guess the riddles.

1. She runs, flows

Silver in the sun

Bowed silently

There are thick willows above it. (river)

2.It is slightly covered with duckweed

The trickles don't flow

Enchanted as if in a fairy tale

Old, quiet... (pond)

3. A warm wave splashes

On shores made of cast iron

Guess, remember:

What kind of sea is in the room? (bath)

4. In a blue shirt

Runs along the bottom of the ravine.

(Stream)

5. There is water all around, but drinking is a problem.

(Sea).

6. It pours into it, pours out of it, and weaves itself along the ground.

(River).

7. Not the sea, not the land,

Ships don't float

But you can’t walk.

(Swamp)

8. She ran and made noise,

She fell asleep and began to sparkle.

(River under ice)

9. In the middle of the field lies a mirror,

The glass is blue, the frame is green.

(Lake, pond)

Educator: Good guys! We solved all the riddles.

But we continue. Fourth round (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the task).

Game "Droplets"

Educator: Guys, imagine that you and I are droplets. All droplets are independent.

Children walk chaotically in circles.

Educator: But the droplets meet each other, and it turns out to be a trickle.

Children break into pairs and join hands. Couples move one after another

Educator: And now the stream flows and flows into the sea.

Children join hands and form a large circle.

Educator: Our circle can change shape, just like water

The circle of children stretches into an oval.

Educator: So, each of you is a drop of water. Your palms are so hot that it is no longer possible for you to hold each other’s hands. Your arms drop, the heat forces you to move more actively. Each of you has become a piece of steam.

Children run around the group.

Educator: And now they are freezing you, you are getting cold. We need to stand closer to each other and hug to make it warmer.

Children hug each other.

Educator: Well done. This is how water turns into ice. Let's take our seats.

Educator: The game continues.

And here we have the fifth round. (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the assignment) Imagine a careless person walking on ice that is not yet strong. And suddenly he hears that the ice began to crack. What do you think he should do? (children’s answer)

In the spring, when the sun begins to warm up, the ice becomes loose, water seeps through it, flooding the tracks made on it.

So the question is? Explain the safety rules on the ice of a reservoir in winter

(there are pictures on the table, children must take and tell the rules)

(The teacher comments and adds or asks leading questions as the children answer)

1. Do not go out on thin ice at the beginning of winter and early spring.

2. Ice breaks silently in the spring, but with a crash and crunch at the beginning of winter.

3. Move on ice only along well-trodden paths.

4. You need to take a stick with you and test the path in front of you.

5. At the beginning of winter, the middle of the reservoir is most dangerous, and at the end, areas near the shore.

6. Ice is less durable where:

There are snowdrifts

Bushes are growing

The grass is frozen into the ice

The keys are beating

Fast current

A stream flows into a river

Wastewater from a farm or factory flows into the pond.

Educator: “Experts” indeed. Everything was said correctly. Now in winter you and I will not find ourselves in trouble on the ice. Right?

Educator: But we continue. The top is spinning and we have

Sixth round. (the top spins, where the teacher stops, takes the envelope and reads the assignment).

Educator: We remembered the rules of conduct on a pond. But imagine that we saw a man drowning in a pond. What are we going to do with you? (children's answer). Right! Use life-saving equipment

We will use basic life-saving equipment.

(On the table in front of the children there are pictures depicting objects. It is necessary to choose the main life-saving equipment. And tell them how to use them.)

Well done. And they completed this task.

We have answered all your questions. Now I suggest you make a painting for our stand with your own hands. I invite you to come to the table where the materials and equipment for productivity lie.

Now, you are definitely experts! And I can safely write to the Know-It-All that he can safely take the “Solnyshko” group into his “club of experts.”

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Posted on http://www.allbest.ru/

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION OF THE RF

GOU VPO "KRASNOYARSK STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER V.P. ASTAFIEV"

Graduate work

according to the profile "Life safety"

on the topic: Methodology for conducting classes on the topic: “Safe behavior on the water.”

Completed by: 5th year student

Shendarev Alexander Vladimirovich

Checked by: Senior Lecturer

Department of TIM Physical Culture and Lifestyle

Morozova Elena Fedorovna

Krasnoyarsk 2011

Content

• Introduction
• Water safety
• Subject "Winter River and the Geography of Security"
• Organization of educational work with students 5-11 grades of secondary school
• Approximate topics for events with students on safe behavior on the water
• Dangerous situations on the water
• Dangerous body of water
• Ice is dangerous!
• Water all around
• Organization of educational work with students of vocational education institutions
• First aid for drowning
• Information for teachers and students of high school and vocational education institutions
• Sequence of assistance in case of true drowning
• First aid for maintaining the gag and cough reflex
• First aid for a victim without signs of life
• The victim is in a state of dry (pale) drowning
• Resuscitation measures: artificial ventilation and chest compressions
• Mouth-to-nose method
• Used Books

Introduction

Every year, from 150 to 200 thousand people die on water in the world, mostly children. This is often the result of carelessness and non-compliance with the rules of behavior on the water. The life safety of children studying in educational institutions largely depends on the preventive work carried out by the institution’s staff.

The main causes of death: swimming while intoxicated and swimming in unequipped places. Children who do not know the dangers of water drown due to lack of parental control. Since the beginning of 2010, there have been 25 water accidents, killing 48 people. 19 victims were rescued, 18 people, including two children, died, 11 are considered missing." But, despite the fact that a month of water safety was declared in the region and the necessary measures were taken in 2010, more than 30 people, most of whom died in the cities of Koryazhma, Onega and Velsk.

The main causes of death on water are swimming in a prohibited or untested area, drinking alcohol and inability to swim, inability to control a watercraft and leaving children unattended. However, often a tragedy can be prevented if you follow simple water safety rules, which need to be learned and constantly repeated to both children and adults.

The problem of safe behavior on water is very acute and teachers can make a significant contribution in this direction through the organization of appropriate educational work with children and adolescents.

Water safety

Every citizen is obliged to provide all possible assistance to people in distress on the water.

What's a summer vacation without swimming? Melancholy, and that’s all. Especially when the sun is hot, the cool water of a pond or river, lake or quarry beckons and invites you to take a plunge.

Taking a dip and swimming is good, even healthy. But little things that both children and adults often forget can ruin all the fun.

Every year, from 10 to 15 thousand people die in Russian reservoirs!

Moreover, for reasons beyond their control, perhaps hundreds drown. The rest are due to their own stupidity, violating basic safety rules.

The main one is: if you don’t know the ford, don’t stick your nose into the water!

Well, why did you start swimming here? Hot? Well, yes, it will be cooler in the morgue, where you are so eager.

An increased danger for a person, unless, of course, he lives in the center of a waterless sandy desert, are bodies of water: sea coasts, rivers, lakes, ponds, quarries, etc. And even construction pits and trenches filled with water. Most often, accidents on the water are associated with swimming in random, unsuitable places, when crossing frozen bodies of water on ice, boating and other watercraft, etc. Who can guarantee that the body of water you chose for swimming is not used by unscrupulous drivers who are too lazy to take garbage to distant landfills, as a cesspool, at the bottom of which there can be anything. Jumping from above into such water is like diving into a trash can: you can easily run into a pile of broken bricks, a vertically protruding rod of metal reinforcement, or get tangled in a tangle of barbed wire that was not there yesterday.

What are you saying? That two days ago you swam here and nothing?

So that was two days ago!

There is no constant bottom topography in random bodies of water. Yesterday's lived-in beach can pose a mortal danger today. When planning to swim, especially if there are small children among you, do not be too lazy to check the condition of the bottom once again. This will save you from many troubles.

If you do not know how to swim, you should not overly trust yourself to inflatable mattresses, inner tubes and other available floating devices. Firstly, at the most inopportune moment they can burst. Secondly, the current and wind can carry you far from the shore. And it’s so very far out to sea!

There is a known case when a woman who had fallen asleep on an air mattress was carried away almost to the center of the Black Sea. She managed to cross the state border and drifted on her fragile boat without water or food for more than a week (!) until the border guards picked her up.

Here's your mattress!

Open bodies of water are certainly a source of danger, and therefore caution when bathing and swimming is fully justified. Swimming is only beneficial for healthy people, so check with your doctor to see if you can swim. The best time of day for swimming is 8-10 am and 17-19 pm. You should not swim earlier than an hour and a half after eating.

Adults should familiarize children with safety rules at water bodies before children go on camps, hikes, or picnics.

The ability to swim well is one of the most important guarantees of safe recreation on the water, but remember that even a good swimmer must exercise constant caution, discipline and strictly adhere to the rules of behavior on the water. You should rest before swimming. It is not recommended to enter the water when hot. Do not swim far from the shore, do not swim beyond warning signs. Swim in specially designated and equipped areas. Before swimming in unfamiliar places, inspect the bottom. Enter the water carefully, slowly, when the water reaches your waist, stop and quickly plunge into the water. Never swim alone, especially if you are not confident in your abilities. Do not give false distress signals.

Now about marathon swimmers. From this shore to the next world.

It is extremely dangerous to overestimate your strength. It is well known that people who are good swimmers and those who are bad swimmers are least likely to drown. Most of all - swimmers who believe that they are good swimmers. They feel quite confident in the water and because of this confidence, not confirmed by experience, they drown. Never consider yourself an excellent swimmer, and then, I promise, you will swim until you are old!

Swimming a child in open water is considered dangerous. But this does not mean at all that you need to deprive your baby of such pleasure. Risk is directly related to the sanity of adults, and there are two main ways to prevent an accident: timely teaching children to swim and basic discipline. If these conditions are met, bathing will bring not only joy, but also benefits.

In the summer heat, children are ready to sit in the water for hours, despite the fact that adults find it icy. In fact, this is explained by the fact that the child’s metabolism is noticeably more active, and per unit of time the child produces more heat per unit of body weight than his parents. Therefore, the main criterion for whether or not to allow a child to swim should not be the parents’ personal feelings, but the child’s desire. In addition, bathing is definitely a useful procedure that has a beneficial effect on health, stimulates the immune system, strengthens muscles, develops the lungs, heart, and blood vessels.

As for health restrictions, possible hypothermia and water getting into the nose and ears significantly increase the risk of activation of chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx and ears. But for diseases of the bronchi and lungs, bones and joints, bathing is therapeutic. At the same time, if your child has a specific disease, then it would be a good idea to consult with your doctor specifically on the issue of bathing. For example, if intracranial pressure increases, you can swim, but you cannot dive. The same can be said about many inflammatory processes in the ears. But any doctor will tell you with confidence: if your child has chronic inflammatory processes in the nasopharynx or if he often suffers from sore throats, fresh water often has an irritating effect on the inflamed tissues, but salt water (sea water), on the contrary, has a healing effect.

Sea bathing has a stronger effect on the child’s body, since it combines thermal and mechanical effects (pressure from a large mass of water and the impact of waves) and, in addition, sea water has a chemical effect (salinity, etc.)

Never leave young children unattended near open water! They can drown instantly! Even in shallow water, always be close to them!

If you have just started sunbathing, then for the first time you are in the shade for 2-3 days, especially from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. You should also not immediately expose your child to the sun for the first time. For the first few days, wear a long T-shirt and wide shorts for playing in the sun, after 2-3 days - only a T-shirt, after another 2-3 days the child can be released to the beach completely naked (of course, we must not forget about a Panama hat or headscarf). Apply sunscreen to your child after every bath. If the child is naked on the beach, periodically lubricate the nipple and genital area with a sunscreen with a stronger degree of protection. For girls this is mandatory, and for boys it is desirable. The time for taking the first sunbathing is no more than 15-20 minutes. And in the future, the tanning procedure should not exceed more than four hours (be sure to take breaks).

When on the beach you must wear beach slippers. When you are in the rain, it is best to run barefoot: beach slippers - "flip-flops" - come off your feet, and are very slippery in themselves, can cause falls and injuries, wet sandals will rub your feet, and in general - it is simply more pleasant to run barefoot in the warm rain - I remember it myself.

AND the most The main thing :

1. do not allow rough games on the water: you cannot dive under a swimming person, “drown” him, give false signals for help, etc.;

2. Bathing children should be supervised by adults who know how to swim well. Don't leave kids alone near water. They may stumble, fall, or choke on water;

3. swimming should only be done in specially equipped places;

4. In nature outside the city, you need to choose a place for swimming where there is clean water, a flat bottom, and no strong current.

Supervise children when playing even in shallow water, as they may fall and choke while playing. Do not play games in the water that involve gripping - in the heat of excitement, you can cause your partner to inhale water instead of air and lose consciousness. Children can learn to swim only under adult supervision.

Nowadays there are quite a large number of inflatable watercraft on sale. When purchasing, you should pay attention to the fact that the watercraft consists of several independent inflatable parts - if one of them is damaged, the undamaged part will keep the child afloat.

And more about watercraft. Circles are available for sale - boats with plastic “panties” or holes for the legs. Firstly, plastic “panties” rub the child’s skin between the legs and can injure it, and secondly, in addition, they are prone to tipping over. Moreover, many experts insist that a vertical position in a circle is unnatural for a swimmer; long-term habituation prevents learning to swim according to all the rules, in a horizontal position.

Rules safe behavior on water :

On beaches and in places of public recreation prohibited :

1. swim in places not designated for swimming in accordance with the Rules;

2. swim in places where boards (full houses) with warning and prohibition signs and inscriptions are posted;

3. swim behind the buoys marking the area of ​​the water body designated for swimming;

4. swim up to ships and other floating equipment;

5. jump from structures not adapted for these purposes into the water;

6. drink alcoholic beverages, swim while intoxicated;

7. do not grab each other’s arms and legs while playing on the water;

8. those who cannot swim can swim only in specially equipped places with a depth of no more than 1.2 meters;

9. bring dogs and other animals to the beach and bathe them;

10. swim on boards, logs and other means (objects) not suitable for this;

11. fish on the beaches;

12. pollute and litter the surface and banks of public water bodies and the beach area;

13. play with a ball and sports games in places not designated for these purposes, as well as allow unacceptable actions on water bodies related to diving and grabbing swimmers;

14. jump into a boat and dive from a boat;

15. Swim in cold water for a long time.

Movement undersized ships on area water areas water object, allocated For bathing, prohibited .

If you get into a whirlpool, don’t panic - take in more air into your lungs, dive deeper into the water and, sharply scooping with your arms and legs, swim away from the funnel. However, I believe that the threat of whirlpools is greatly exaggerated. And getting into it is a great success. I mean, it's a big failure.

You should not try to swim across rivers, lakes and oceans on a dare. You can bet.

In this regard, and just swimming in the river, I highly recommend learning how to relax on the water before making long swims.

It's best to lie on your back. Why take in more air (when you inhale completely, you will feel your body floating up), straighten your arms and legs and, lightly raking them, relax. You can stay afloat in this position for hours.

In case of strong excitement, when the water rushes through you and floods your nose and mouth, you can use a less comfortable way of relaxation - “float” swimming. Usually this exercise is used to teach swimming to children in pools.

In this case, you should inhale more air, bend at the waist, clasp your knees with your hands and remain in this position until you have enough air. As long as you have air in your lungs, you cannot drown. Then you need to quickly raise your head and take in a new portion of air. And float up again with your back up.

And so, little by little, alternating between rest and swimming, get to the shore. This method is especially good when you have a cramp in your leg and you need to free your hands to help yourself. To avoid an accident on the water, be sure to take a safety pin with you before you go swimming. It will help you if cramps start in the water

If drowning Human :

1. Immediately call loudly for help: “The man is drowning!”

2. Ask to call rescuers and an ambulance.

3. Throw the drowning person a lifebuoy, a long rope with a knot at the end.

Now some rules For lovers rowing on recreational boats

DANGEROUS overload the boat beyond the established norm.

Swim or dive from a boat.

Change seats or try to sit on board.

Ride near locks, dams, dredgers, in the middle of the river fairway.

Stop the boat under bridges and near bridges where the fairway becomes very narrow. After all, if your boat capsizes and sinks somewhere in the middle of the river, you will have to swim to the shore! And these are completely different distances than to the buoy!

Measures to ensure the safety of children on the water

The safety of children on the water is ensured by the choice and equipment of a swimming place, systematic explanatory work with children about the rules of behavior on the water and the observance of safety precautions.

Children are not allowed to bathe in unspecified places, swim on equipment (objects) not suitable for this purpose, or otherwise violate water safety rules.

In children's health institutions located near water bodies, areas for children's bathing must be selected with a gently sloping sandy shore.

The bottom of the site should be free of aquatic plants, snags, stones, glass, and other objects and have a gradual slope to a depth of 2 meters, without holes or ledges.

Before the opening of the swimming season in a children's summer health institution, the bottom of the water area must be examined by divers and cleared of dangerous objects.

On the beaches of the children's health institution, areas are equipped for teaching swimming to children of preschool and primary school age with a depth of no more than 0.7 meters, as well as for children of senior school age with depths of no more than 1.2 meters. The areas are fenced off or surrounded by a line of floats attached to cables.

Children over the age of 12 who can swim well are allowed to swim in places with depths of up to 2 meters.

The boundaries of the water area of ​​a water body designated for swimming are indicated by orange buoys located at a distance of 20-30 m from one another and up to 25 m from a place with a depth of 1.3 m towards the water area from the shore. The boundaries of the water area of ​​a water body designated for swimming should not extend into the navigation zones.

The beach of a children's health facility must meet established sanitary requirements, be well-maintained, and clean.

On the beaches of a children's health facility, at a distance of 3 meters from the water's edge, racks (boards) with lifebuoys and Alexandrov ends of the established pattern are installed every 25 meters. It consists of a 30-meter line (in simple terms - a rope), ending in a loop, on the sides of which two foam or wooden floats are attached, and at the end a load weighing 250 - 300 g (light). This is usually a cloth bag filled with sand or small pieces of cork. You, with a good swing, throw the load towards the victim, he puts the noose over his head under his arms. After which all that remains is to tow it to the boat or shore, chest-first or backwards.

Lifebuoys must bear the inscription " Give it updrowning man!".

Blue masts 8-10 m high are installed on the beach to raise signals: a yellow flag measuring 70 x 100 cm (or 50 x 70 cm), indicating: " Bathing allowed " , and a black ball with a diameter of 1 m, indicating: " Bathing forbidden ".

On the territory of the children's health institution, a stand is equipped with extracts from the "Rules", materials on accident prevention, data on water and air temperature, wind strength and direction.

When children are swimming, a medical center is equipped on the beach, fungi and canopies are installed for protection from the sun.

Bathing of children is allowed in groups of no more than 10 people and for no more than 10 minutes.

Children who cannot swim are bathed separately from children who can swim.

Before children start swimming, the beach is prepared:

1. cleaning is not useful even on specially equipped beaches, where a passing cheerful company in five minutes for the sake of pampering can litter the bottom with sharp fragments of broken bottles and cans;

2. the boundaries of the area reserved for swimming of the squad (group) are marked along the coastline with flags;

safe behavior water educational work

3. lifebuoys, “Alexandrov’s ends” and other rescue equipment are hung on the boards;

4. The rescue boat with the rescuer goes out to the outer side of the navigation boundary and is kept 2 meters away from it.

After preparation of the beach is completed, children are taken in groups to their swimming areas and are instructed on the rules of behavior on the water.

Children should be bathed under the continuous supervision of swimming instructors, duty teachers and medical workers.

Children are prohibited from diving from railings, bridges, or swimming beyond the swimming limit.

After prolonged exposure to the sun, enter the water slowly. A sudden dive can cause breathing to stop.

Watch your children when swimming, especially if there are a lot of people on the beach.

Be able to distinguish your children from strangers on the shore and in the water - in fact, this cannot be done as quickly as it seems.

For older children, wear bright and visible swimming trunks and swimsuits.

For twin children, do not wear anything of the same color - even if they wear the same style, Panama hats, circles, armbands, beachwear.

Do not allow children to swim in deep water.

In time bathing children on area prohibited :

1. bathing and presence of strangers;

2. boating;

3. holding games and sporting events.

To conduct swimming lessons on the shore, the area adjacent to the water is fenced and appropriately equipped.

The playground must have swimming boards and rubber rings for each child; 2-3 poles used to support non-swimmers, swimming support belts; 3-4 water polo balls; 2-3 electric megaphones; lesson schedule board with educational posters on teaching methods and swimming techniques.

For bathing children during hikes, walks, and excursions, choose a shallow place with a gently sloping bottom that is clear of piles, snags, sharp stones, glass, algae, and silt. Swimming instructors inspect the bathing area and monitor children’s bathing.

The use of camp beaches without swimming instructors, who are responsible for the safety of children and methodological guidance in teaching them to swim, is prohibited.

Be sure to check if your child has been vaccinated against tetanus.

12 rules for swimming children in open water

Swimming children in open water (sea, river, lake) has a beneficial effect on their well-being and mood. But to get the desired result, you must follow some rules. These rules do not depend on where you went to Sochi or Aktau, they are universal on any body of water.

1. A child’s first bath can be done when he turns 2 years old.

2. You need to start swimming at an air temperature of at least 25°C and a water temperature of at least 22°C.

3. Bathing should take place in the morning.

4. Before swimming, it is advisable to rest a little (15 minutes).

5. You need to enter the water with your child gradually, accustoming the body to the new sensation.

6. It is advisable to stay in the water for no more than 2 - 3 minutes at first.

7. It is not advisable for easily excitable and not very well-fed children to bathe for more than 5 - 10 minutes.

8. If you feel chills, you should get out of the water immediately.

9. You cannot plunge a child headlong into water if he is not yet accustomed to swimming.

10. You cannot swim on an empty stomach. After eating, at least an hour should pass.

11. After swimming, it is important to dry yourself thoroughly and rest in the shade.

12. The break between bathing should be at least 3 - 4 hours.

Bathing V open body of water - This beautiful health-improving And hardening procedure. At correct approach child strengthens organism And receives mass positive emotions

Organization of educational work with primary school students

The Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education defines students' compliance with the rules of a healthy and safe lifestyle for themselves and others as one of the leading personal characteristics of primary school graduates.

According to the Second Generation Standards, an important area of ​​educational work in primary schools should be the formation of a culture of life safety for students.

The term “safety culture” is understood as a way of organizing human activity, presented in a system of social norms, beliefs, and values ​​that ensure the preservation of his life, health and the integrity of the surrounding world.

In elementary school, as a rule, one teacher conducts classes in most subjects, so students can master skills related to the culture of safe behavior on water while studying the integrated course “The World Around Us” and other basic subjects of elementary school, during extracurricular hours in elective classes. classes, in practical circles in any other subjects (for example, physical education, technology), in classes in extended day groups, at extracurricular activities.

Characteristics of the types of activities of students during educational work on the topic "Safe behavior on the water"

Basic item	Characteristics of student activities
Russian language	Listening to the answers of classmates, expressing one’s point of view, commenting on the situation, expressing agreement or disagreement with the opinions of classmates and the teacher, the ability to ask different questions: to clarify information, to understand what was heard. An exercise in choosing linguistic means that correspond to the purpose and conditions of communication. Gaining experience in the appropriate use of oral communication in various speech situations, monologue and dialogue. Compose a story on a topic or based on plot pictures individually, in pairs or in a group. Understanding and comparing texts (for example, public alerts) written in different styles. Compiling lists of students in a class, group, and required items. Application of knowledge of the alphabet when using catalogs (reference books, dictionaries) to search for the necessary information on a topic assigned by the teacher.
Literary reading	Choosing a book in the library (according to the list recommended by the teacher); reading and retelling literary works illustrating the safe behavior of people in extreme situations. Creation (orally) of a text (short story-explanation, review) on a topic given by the teacher and taking into account the characteristics of the listeners.
The world	Conducting observations of natural objects (using the example of your locality). A tour of your area or city (the way home). Excursion to one of the units of the rescue service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in order to familiarize yourself with the work of rescuers.
Technology. Information Technology	Using different methods of searching for information: viewing information selected on a topic, searching using file managers, using search tools in electronic publications, using special search engines. Clarification of information search requests.

In this area, it is advisable for the deputy school director for educational work, together with class teachers, to develop a set of preventive measures.

Sample plan of activities with elementary school students on the topic “Safe behavior on water and water bodies”

	“Personal safety is the basis of life” - introductory conversation	"Rules of behavior in nature during freeze-up" - instructions	"Types of reservoirs. Reservoirs - an intellectual game	"Winter River. Geography of Safety" - extracurricular activity
	"Rules of behavior on reservoirs in winter" - an exhibition of children's works, design of a cool information stand	"Geography of winter safety on the river" - family educational game	Collective poster competition "Dangerous Ice!"	Poetry competition "Dangerous Ice!"
	Excursion to the Ministry of Emergency Situations	"Rules of behavior in nature during spring floods" - instructions	"Emergencies on the water. What is it? Rules of conduct in emergency situations on the water" - excursion to the Ministry of Emergency Situations	"The dangers of spring ice" conversation with presentation
	"Rules of behavior on the water during summer holidays" - instructions	"Summer water safety rules" - extracurricular activity	Poetry competition "Let us all say together that swimming is not a trifle!"	Design of a cool stand "Rules of behavior on the water during summer holidays"

Planned results of educational activities in this area of ​​educational work:

Graduate primary schools will (must) know:

rules of safe behavior when traveling by water, duties of a passenger;

characteristics of reservoirs in their places of residence, their condition at different times of the year;

methods and means of rescuing drowning people, basic life-saving equipment;

rules for safe behavior near a body of water;

the most typical emergency situations for the region of residence, their causes and consequences;

system for ensuring the life safety of the population in places of residence;

procedure and rules for calling the police, ambulance, fire department; rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

have skills:

organizing a safe crossing over a small water barrier (stream, ravine, ditch);

actions in adverse weather conditions, including in the forest, field, near a reservoir;

actions in the event of an emergency in the region of residence.

To prepare and conduct activities on safe behavior on water, specialists from rescue services, a medical worker, a life safety teacher and a psychologist can be involved, who will provide methodological and organizational assistance, point out errors and inaccuracies made during the conduct of a particular event.

The system of measures for safe behavior on water, in addition to lessons within the integrated course “The World Around You” in the sections “Health”, “Ensuring Life Safety” and lessons in basic disciplines, may include the following forms of educational work:

briefings By rules behavior on water in summer, winter, spring. Water safety instructions are given by the class teacher or teacher threetimes per year (using an educational film or multimedia presentation).

excursions to specialized aquatic centers with conversations with specialists from rescue services, a swimming instructor;

creative competitions for the best poem, drawing, poster;

manufacturing visual agitation, including together with students (stands, memos, leaflets, wall newspapers). In classroom corners there should be information boards on water safety in winter and summer. To complete them, it is necessary to involve students, parents, as well as the deputy director of occupational safety, deputy director for educational work, life safety teacher, head of physical education, and medical worker.

carrying out quizzes, sports and tourism games, the content of which is aimed at identifying the level of knowledge, skills and abilities on this topic.

Topic "Water Safety Rules"

I. Visibility:

physical map of the Earth's hemispheres, cards with texts of poems and rules of safe behavior on the water, the book "What is it? Who is it?" (M.: Pedagogika, 1990)

II. Content:

An idea of ​​the rules of safe behavior on water in the warm season; causes of accidents on water; idea of ​​​​actions in case of danger; caution and accuracy in behavior on the water.

III. Rules security on water

when we swim, adults should be nearby;

you cannot dive in unfamiliar places;

you cannot swim behind the buoys;

when playing in the water, you should not “drown” your friends even as a joke;

boating is only permitted under adult supervision;

before getting into the boat, you need to check whether it is in good working order, whether there are any leaks, whether the oars are in order;

there must be life-saving equipment and a container for bailing out water on board the boat;

To prevent the boat from capsizing, there is no need to rock it;

you cannot stand up in the boat, change places, sit on board or lean over it;

You cannot swim close to passing ships and boats - the boat can be overturned by a wave;

You cannot go by boat to public swimming areas.

What should you do first?

You must immediately shout: “The man is drowning!” - to attract attention. Throw a drowning person an object that will reach him and help him stay on the surface of the water.

If possible, then we need to help the person. But if you are a poor swimmer and are not confident in your abilities, then do not get into the water. Otherwise, two people will have to be saved.

The most important thing is not to panic. In this case, it becomes possible to save energy, save your breath, call for help and stay on the water for some time.

IV. Information For students:

Rescuers:

In summer we often see them near the river. They observe people's behavior and provide assistance if someone suddenly feels ill or begins to drown.

This is a very difficult and responsible job, so try to behave in such a way that the rescuers do not have to help you out of trouble. And remember that you can’t shout: “I’m drowning!” - if nothing serious happens. Rescuers will rush to you in response to this cry, and at this time there may be a person in the water who really needs help. Finding out that you were joking, the rescuers will lose energy and time.

Diver:

Everyone is at least for a few seconds a diver when diving. Skilled divers 4 thousand years ago were able to extract sea pearls, coral branches, and precious shells from the bottom. This is a difficult and dangerous business. Rarely a diver can stay underwater for more than two minutes: dive - and quickly rise to breathe air.

The diver is supplied with air through a rubber tube - a hose. Now a person can work underwater for several hours. To avoid the cold, he puts on woolen underwear, and on top - a “shirt” - a rubber suit, to which is screwed a metal helmet with glass windows.

To keep a person under water and not surface, lead weights are hung on the diver’s back and chest, and metal boots with lead soles are put on his feet. They lower it to depth on a strong rope.

Divers are used for construction work, for the repair of sea vessels, and for lifting sunken objects.

With the development of science, people came up with a lightweight suit for divers. It does not have an air hose. A person takes air with him in cylinders suspended over his shoulders. This device is called a scuba tank. With the help of rubber fins on his feet, the scuba diver swims wherever he wants.

Topic: "Winter River and Geography of Safety"

I. Content:

Rules for safe behavior on water and ice in winter; dangers that await humans near bodies of water; causes of accidents; careful attitude towards life and health.

II. Equipment: illustrations on the topic, cards with text from the story "The Gray Neck".

III. Questions For conversations:

What does "security geography" mean?

What danger can await us on the river in winter?

Why can you fall through the ice? What properties does it have?

Why can't you walk alone on the ice?

What remains on the ice after the fishermen leave?

What is "pick"? What is it for?

How should you move on ice?

What happens to a person who falls into cold water?

IV. Poetry

Don't walk on ice in winter:

Can you get into trouble -

In a hole or in a wormwood -

And you will waste your life.

In those places where the springs flow

And streams run to the river

Or where the factory is located -

Know that the ice there is fragile.

V. Rules behavior person, caught under ice

Try not to panic.

We need to call for help.

We need to get out in the direction from which we came.

You need to crawl onto the ice with your arms spread wide.

It is advisable to lean on a long, wide thing.

Keep your head above water.

Having got out on the ice, roll away from the ice hole and crawl to the shore.

Once out, change clothes and warm up.

VI. Information For students

It is especially dangerous to be in icy water. Our body loses heat if the water temperature is below 33 degrees.

A person in icy water loses his breath, his head feels as if an iron hoop is squeezing him, his heart is pounding wildly. To protect itself from the deadly cold, the body turns on its backup heat production system - severe trembling begins. Due to muscle contraction, the body warms up, but after a while this heat becomes insufficient. When the skin temperature drops to 30 degrees, the shivering stops and the body rapidly cools down. Breathing becomes less frequent, pulse slows, blood pressure drops.

The death of a person who suddenly finds himself in cold water most often occurs due to shock that develops during the first 5-15 minutes after immersion in water or respiratory failure.

While afloat, you must keep your head above the water. You need to expend minimal physical effort. It is necessary to actively swim to the shore or to a floating craft only if it is not very far away, otherwise you may not have enough strength. If you have a life jacket or ring, or any floating object that you can hold on to, do not, under any circumstances, throw off your shoes, clothing, or hat. Wet clothing will protect you from rapid cooling. If there are several people in the water, you need to break up into groups of three and hug each other as closely as possible, pulling your knees to your chin.

After getting out of the water, you need to change clothes. If you don’t have dry clothes at hand, you need to wring out the wet ones and put them on again. To keep warm, do any physical exercise. You can rub yourself with a dry woolen cloth, then you need to take cover in a place protected from the wind, wrap yourself well, and if possible, drink something hot.

VII. Crossword

By horizontal:

5 . The edge of the earth at the water surface.

6.9. Rescue tool.

8. An unfrozen place on the surface of a reservoir in winter.

By verticals:

Natural water flow.

A pile of snow blown by the wind.

Long stick for testing ice.

A crust that appears on the surface of a reservoir in winter.

7. A man who can be seen sitting by the hole in winter.

Answers

By horizontal: 5. Shore.6. Circle.8. Polynya.9. Vest.

By verticals:

1. River.2. Snowdrift.3. Ice pick.4. Ice.7; Fisherman.

VIII. Test.

1. You need to move on ice:

A) running;

b) sliding on the soles;

V) at a calm pace.

2. When moving several people on ice, you need to go:

A) one after another at a distance;

b) holding hands;

V) next to each other.

3. Ice pick is needed for:

a) measuring the depth of snowdrifts;

b) checking ice strength;

c) providing assistance to a drowning person.

4. Once on the ice, you must

a) run to the shore;

b) take a break, then crawl to the shore;

c) roll away, then roll towards the shore.

(Answers: 1 - b; 2 - A; 3 - b; 4 - V.)

Children perform exercise on one's own.

Organization of educational work with students in grades 5-11 of a comprehensive school

When choosing forms of educational work with children, it is necessary to take into account their age characteristics.

L.S. Vygotsky called interest “the key to the entire problem of the psychological development of an adolescent.”

A teenager's interest in any activity depends on several conditions. The first of them is the awareness of the usefulness and vital significance of the issues being studied personally for him, the teenager. Studying the rules of safe behavior on water is purely practical in nature, therefore, with proper organization of work on this topic, children’s learning of the material will be effective.

Another important condition for the successful organization of educational work with students is the provision of reasonable independence in performing certain activities that require initiative and creativity, and even in an atmosphere of competition, competition, competition. Many students in grades 5-11 will be happy to take part in the “Save a Friend!” quiz, but will find it difficult to sit through the end of a lecture-style lesson.

When preparing events with high school students, you need to pay attention to those forms of work where a boy or girl can acquire any skills for a future profession and life, and participate in socially useful activities. For example, participation in the Young Rescuer club helps develop first aid skills on the water.

Thus, in the process of organizing educational work on safe behavior on water, the teacher is recommended to take a creative approach to choosing the content of forms of activity.

We bring to the attention of teachers materials that will help them in organizing educational work with students on the topic “Safe behavior of children on the water.”

Water Safety Month

A water safety month can be organized at the initiative of the school administration in order to prevent accidents on the water. It is recommended for use during the organization of summer health camps and school playgrounds.

Rough plan

	Events	carrying out	Responsible
	Discussion of tasks for preparing and conducting the month with the head of the educational institution; head of a children's health camp and other interested parties		Head of educational institution
	Conducting practical classes with the involvement of specialists from relevant services and medical institutions to explain to schoolchildren the rules of behavior on the water and the rules of first aid		Head of the working group
	Organization of competitions, quizzes, games, competitions on the topic of human safety on water bodies in children's health camps		Teachers
	Designing corners in school health camps “Precautionary measures and rules of conduct for children and adolescents on bodies of water”		Deputy Director for Educational Work
	Conducting classes on safety and injury prevention at water bodies		Head of the educational institution; class teachers
	Preparation and distribution of leaflets (leaflets) among schoolchildren on the rules of behavior on the water		Head of the working group

Approximate topics for activities with students on safe behavior on water

1. Quiz on the topic: “Have you learned the rules of safe behavior on water and ice?”

2. Conversation “Don’t joke with water!”

3. Class hour "Water is our friend!"

4. Game "Young Rescuer"

5. Discussion club "Security - who is responsible for us?"

6. Class hour "Our river, our pond..."

7. Conversation “Water for life”

8. Game "Dangerous Pond"

9. Educational game "Ice is dangerous"

10. Lesson "Dangerous situations on the water"

11. Class hour "Spring is thin ice"

12. Literary evening "Water in our lives"

Dangerous situations on the water

MethodicalmaterialsTolessonV5-6 class

The proposed teaching material is intended for teaching in grades 5-6, but can be used during class hours and in summer health camps before the start of the swimming season. The course of a particular event can be structured by the teacher independently.

Goalslesson:

Prevention of dangerous situations on the water.

Training in water safety skills.

Taskslesson:

Organization of students’ assimilation of rules of behavior and safety measures on water, as well as algorithms for actions in dangerous situations in these conditions.

Development of students' communication skills - telling, explaining, listening, asking questions.

Training in cooperation skills and joint creative activities.

Pedagogicaltechnologies: collective method of learning, work in pairs of shifts.

Educational and methodologicalsecurity: instructions for students working in rotating pairs (for each desk); individual cards depending on the number of planned small groups; album sheets, markers.

Contentlesson:

Actualization of the problem: introductory speech by the teacher, use of an excerpt from the poem:

Looks like they're wearing lace

Trees, bushes, wires,

And it seems like a fairy tale,

But in essence - only water.

The vast expanse of the ocean

And the quiet backwater of the pond,

Cascade of a waterfall and splashes of a fountain.

And all this is just water.

Rising high ridges,

Sea water is raging

And drowns, as if playing,

Large sea vessels.

2. Organization of work in pairs of shifts in the role of student and teacher, there are cards of five colors on the tables, the task of the students is to remember the contents of the card and tell it to the partner who has a card of a different color.

3. Work in small groups. The group is given the task to depict the contents of the card schematically or in the form of drawings and present it to other groups.

4. Control and mutual control. Students are asked to answer test questions.

5. Summing up

DidacticmaterialTolesson:

Card№ 1 . Rulessafebehavioron water

1. Be sure to learn to swim and relax on the water.

The desired water temperature is not lower than +18° C. The depth of the reservoir for non-swimmers is no more than 1.2 m.

Before entering the water after sunbathing or outdoor games, you need to cool down by resting for 15 minutes in the shade.

It is not recommended to enter the water immediately after eating. After this, you must wait at least 1 hour.

The bottom of the reservoir in the swimming area should be smooth, dense, preferably sandy.

Card№ 2 . Rulesbehavioronwaterprohibited:

Swim alone.

Diving and jumping into water in unfamiliar places.

Swim behind the buoys.

Swim in areas where ships pass and approach ships.

Organize games in the water involving grabs.

Swim far on air mattresses or inner tubes.

Swimming in places where it is prohibited.

Card№ 3 . IfYouturned out to beVwater,Notknowing howswim:

You need to stay on the water until help comes.

Try lying on the water with your stomach down, arms spread wide and breathing as deeply and rarely as possible.

The second way is to move your legs as if you were pedaling, and at the same time splash your hands in the water.

The third way is to be in a vertical position, bend both legs at the same time, spreading your knees to the sides, A then sharply straighten them.

Card№ 4 . Iflegreducedcramp:

As soon as you feel a cramp, turn on your back and lie down on the water.

If the anterior thigh muscle cramps, straighten your leg and pull your toes forward.

If there is a cramp in the calf muscle or on the back of the thigh, straighten your leg and pull the toe towards you.

If the cramps are very strong and the leg does not straighten itself, try doing it with your hands.

When the cramps pass, rest a little and swim to shore, preferably in a different style than the one in which the cramp occurred.

Card№ 5 . IfYoufellVwater:

Hold your breath and pinch your nose with your fingers to prevent swallowing water.

Try to feel the bottom with your feet if you are close to the shore.

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Summary: Children's safety on the water. Rules of conduct and safety on the water. Safe behavior of children on the water. First aid for a drowning person. Child safety in summer.

The sun, air and water, when used correctly, are a source of hardening and strengthening human health. However, violations of the rules of conduct when near water bodies entail severe consequences, including drowning. Every year 15-20 thousand people drown in Russia, of which about 30% are children. That is why every person must learn to swim in a timely manner, constantly observe water safety measures and be able to provide assistance to victims. It is especially dangerous for children to be near water without adult supervision. A child can simply trip and fall face first into the water, even in a shallow place.

Children's safety on the water. Water safety rules

To avoid trouble, children and adults must strictly follow a number of simple rules of behavior on the water:

Most people drown not because they are poor swimmers, but because, having swum too far or getting scared, they panic and do not rely on themselves.

It is useful to master the technique of relaxation so that if you start to get nervous about something while swimming, you can simply relax and unwind. And then, having come to your senses, swim to the shore.

In the absence of waves, it is best to rest in a supine position. To ensure a horizontal position of the body, you need to extend straight, relaxed arms behind your head, spread your legs to the sides and bend them slightly. If this is not enough and your legs begin to sink down, then you need to slightly bend your arms at the wrist-carpal joints and raise your hands above the surface of the water, then your legs will immediately float up. The body will take a horizontal position. You can rest on your back while moving your legs and arms slowly and smoothly underwater with minimal effort.

You can swim no earlier than 1.5-2 hours after eating.

It is not recommended to swim in open waters at water temperatures below +15 °C, as sudden loss of consciousness and death from cold shock are possible. The development of shock is often facilitated by overheating of the body before swimming and unexpectedly rapid immersion in cold water.

You should not dive in unfamiliar places - there may be submerged logs, stones, or snags at the bottom.

Do not jump into the water from boats, boats, piers and other structures not adapted for these purposes.

It is advisable to choose specially designated places for swimming.

Do not swim far from the shore, beyond the buoys marking the boundaries of the safe zone.

Do not swim close to vessels (motor, sail), boats, barges. As they approach, the water level in the reservoir rises significantly, and when they pass, it drops sharply and washes away everything that is on the shore. There have been cases when people floating nearby were pulled under the bottom of a ship or barge.

Avoid swimming in wetlands or where there is algae or mud.

If circumstances are such that you find yourself in a thicket of algae, maintain presence of mind. Algae can be easily dealt with, but you just need to resist the idea that the plants will drown you. Swimming through algae thickets requires frequent stops, as it is necessary to free yourself from plant stems. Hand strokes are performed at the very surface of the water.

You should not enter the water after overheating in the sun or after your body has become very cold until “goose bumps” form.

You cannot quickly dive or jump into the water after sunbathing, running, or playing without gradually adapting to cold water.

Under no circumstances should you swim on inflatable mattresses, inner tubes, or inflatable toys - the available equipment may turn out to be faulty, break, and the person will suddenly end up in the water, and this is very dangerous even for those who know how to swim well. In addition, even a weak wind can carry them far from the coast.

You should not swim in stormy weather or in areas with strong surf.

If you find yourself in water with a strong current, do not try to swim against the current; you will not be strong enough to cope with it; in this case, you need to swim with the flow, but in such a way that you gradually approach the shore.

If you find yourself in a whirlpool, don’t be alarmed, take in more air, dive in and try to turn sharply away from it.

You should never push someone into water, especially unexpectedly, as this prank can cause fatal shock in people who are very sensitive to cold water.

You can’t be naughty in the water, dunk your friends headlong and trip them up. If you swim up to a friend underwater and sharply pull his legs, and at that moment he just takes a breath, the friend will fall into the water and choke.

You can't raise false alarms.

You should not swim if you have a high or low temperature. The consequences can be unpredictable. It is very dangerous to be in the water in this state.

If you have a muscle cramp, lie on your back and swim to the shore, try to rub the cramped muscles, but it’s best to have a safety pin with you. Even one injection can save a life.

Tired of swimming? - relax, don’t try to set a swimming record. Overexertion may cause convulsions. Muscle cramp - a swimmer's leg cramps. This happens not only in cold water. If this happens, immerse yourself in the water for a second with your head and, straightening your cramped leg, forcefully pull your foot towards you by the big toe. As a rule, the cramp subsides.

Do not swim in canals lined with concrete slabs or stones, as Over time, they become overgrown with moss and become slippery. It is difficult to get out of such a channel. Even a trained swimmer, swimming in the canal, puts his life in danger.

Keep recreational areas near the water clean, do not litter water bodies, and do not leave garbage on the shore and in the locker rooms.

What does a drowning person look like?

Many people think that the signal to save a drowning person should be the shouts: “Guard! I'm drowning! Help!" This is not entirely true (or rather, not at all true). As statistics suggest, a drowning person does not really scream at the top of his voice or wave his arms.

The fact is that a person who begins to drown (and this often happens next to the saving shore) cannot scream because he has already “swallowed” water. All his efforts are aimed at taking at least one breath of air, but he fails, because he is sinking at that very moment. He does not think about how to find a way out, but dreams only of having enough air to breathe.

Ask any experienced rescuer: what does a truly drowning person look like? They will answer you that he does not wave his arms and does not shout: he simply does not have the strength for this. As much as possible, he actively tries to rise above the water to breathe in the life-giving air. He is silent, trying to get out. Other people can frolic nearby, completely oblivious to this silent comrade. Often people do not understand at all that a person is dying nearby.

If a person’s eyes are wide open, his head is half immersed in the water, he silently purposefully tries to move towards the shore, but he doesn’t succeed, he flounders like a drowning dog - don’t think twice! He needs help!

Help for a drowning person. First aid for a drowning person

If an accident happens and someone is drowning, do not panic, run along the shore to the place where you can swim closest to the drowning person. At the same time, try to mark some landmark on the shore so that if a drowning person sinks to the bottom, you will know where to look for him, focusing on this mark.

Calm and encourage the swimmer and have him hold on to the lifeguard's shoulders. If he does not control his actions, then, swimming up to the drowning man, dive under him and, taking him from behind with one of the grabbing techniques (the classic one - by the hair), transport him to the shore. If a drowning person manages to grab your arm, neck or legs, dive immediately - the instinct of self-preservation will force the victim to let you go. If the drowning person is unconscious, transport him to the shore, holding him under the chin with your hand so that his face is constantly above the surface of the water.

If a person has already plunged into the water, do not give up trying to find him in the depths and then bring him back to life. This can be done if the drowned person was in the water for about 6 minutes.

If the victim is conscious, the pulse and breathing are satisfactory and there are no complaints of respiratory failure, then he should be laid on a hard, dry surface so that his head is low, undressed, rubbed with a dry towel, given a hot drink (tea, coffee or 1-2 tbsp. . spoons of vodka) and wrap in a warm blanket.

If the victim is recovered after some time under water and is unconscious, in a state of suffocation (asphyxia) or so-called clinical death, you need to call a doctor.

Clinical (reversible) death is a state of the body in which breathing and cardiac activity stop, but the tissues still live and the exchange in them, although reduced, continues. During this period (5-7 minutes), you can bring the body back to life, restoring basic functions.

Without wasting time, before the doctor arrives, you should immediately begin providing first aid. Undress the victim, clear his mouth and nose of silt, sand, and vomit. It is also necessary to free his respiratory tract and stomach from water. To do this, bend the victim over your knee, placing him on his stomach with his head down. Then shake several times. You can take a child or teenager by the legs and jog them head down.

Artificial respiration

Before starting artificial respiration, it is necessary to ensure patency of the airways; without this, using any method is pointless.

In an unconscious state, the muscles of the neck and head relax, which leads to retraction of the root of the tongue and epiglottis and, as a result, blockage of the airways.

The simplest and most reliable way to ensure patency of the airway in an unconscious patient is to tilt the head back. When the head is thrown back, the lower jaw extends, the root of the tongue rises and the entrance to the windpipe opens. You can use a roller 15-20 cm high, which is placed under the shoulders, but wasting precious minutes trying to find such a roller or making one out of something is unacceptable!

You can tilt your head back by placing one hand under the victim’s neck and the other on the forehead.

Artificial respiration technique using the “mouth to mouth” method:

1. Stand to the side of the victim.

2. Place one hand under the victim’s neck, with the thumb and forefinger of the other hand, pinch the nasal passages, and with the edge of the palm, resting on the forehead, throw back the head, while the mouth, as a rule, opens.

3. Take a deep breath, slightly hold the exhalation and, bending over the victim, press your lips tightly to the victim’s mouth, creating a kind of air-tight dome over his mouth, after which you need to quickly exhale.

Attention! Lack of tightness is a common mistake during resuscitation: air leakage through the nose or corners of the victim’s mouth negates all efforts! When performing artificial respiration, it is necessary to continuously monitor whether the victim’s chest rises well during artificial inhalation. The inhalation should last about one second.

4. After the end of the inhalation, the person providing assistance unbends, under no circumstances changing the position of the victim’s head, since otherwise his tongue will sink and there will be no full exhalation. The exhalation usually lasts about 2 seconds.

5. In the pause before the next inhalation, 4-6 massage movements are performed on the heart.

Repeat the entire cycle, performing 16-18 breaths per minute in combination with cardiac massage (70-72 massage movements per minute).

Heart massage

Since the 60s of the 20th century, in case of circulatory arrest, the method of indirect, or closed, heart massage has been widely used. It is this method, due to its simplicity, accessibility and low morbidity, that has made it possible to successfully revive sudden death outside of medical institutions.

What is the mechanism of cardiac massage?

As you know, the heart is located between two bone formations: the sternum and the spine.

If a person in a state of clinical death is placed on his back on something hard (the floor, table, edge of the bed, etc.), and the lower third of the sternum is pressed with both hands with such force that the sternum bends 3-5 cm, the heart is compressed between the bone surfaces - artificial compression occurs, i.e. systole of the heart, during which blood is pushed out of its cavities into large arteries. As soon as you release your hands from your chest, due to its elasticity, the heart returns to its original volume, that is, diastole occurs, during which blood from the large veins flows into the cavity of the heart.

Indirect cardiac massage technique:

1. Place the patient on his back on a hard base (on the ground, on the floor, on the edge of the bed, etc.).

Attention! Carrying out a cardiac massage on a soft surface is not only ineffective, but also dangerous: you can rupture the liver!

2. Unfasten the waist belt (or part of the clothing that tightens the upper abdomen) to avoid liver injury when performing cardiac massage.

3. Stand to the left or right of the victim.

4. A very important moment of indirect cardiac massage is the correct placement of the hands of the person providing assistance. The palm of the hand is placed on the lower third of the sternum, and the second hand is placed on top of it. It is important that both arms are straightened at the elbow joints and positioned perpendicular to the surface of the sternum, and also that both palms are in a state of maximum extension at the wrist joints, i.e., with the fingers raised above the chest. In this position, pressure on the lower third of the sternum is exerted by the initial part of the palms.

5. The person providing assistance quickly leans forward and, using the weight of the body, makes a massage movement, pressing the sternum towards the spine by 3-5 cm. This is only possible with an average pressure force of about 50 kg, so cardiac massage should be carried out not only using force arms, but also body weight.

6. When the heart is compressed between the sternum and the spine, blood from its cavities is pushed into large arteries.

7. After pressing on the sternum, you need to quickly lower your hands. At this time, artificial compression of the heart (systole) is replaced by its relaxation (diastole).

8. The optimal rate of indirect cardiac massage for an adult is 70-72 movements per minute.

Carrying out indirect massage in children and adolescents is much easier, since their chest is more mobile and elastic. For children under 12 years of age, indirect cardiac massage is performed with one hand at a rate of 30-60 movements per minute. The sternum can be shifted by 1.5-2 cm.

You need to be especially careful when helping newborns and infants. To perform indirect cardiac massage in infants, the effort of two fingers of an adult is sufficient. The frequency of shocks should be more than 100-110 per minute.

Attention! When performing indirect cardiac massage, a complication is possible: a rib fracture, which is determined by a characteristic crunch during compression of the sternum. This complication should not serve as a reason to stop massage.

A reliable sign of the effectiveness of cardiac massage is the constriction of the pupils.

What do the signs of the effectiveness of the revitalization complex indicate? First of all, cerebral circulation has improved. Under these conditions, revival can continue even for several hours until the victim begins to have an independent heartbeat.

If you started resuscitation in case of sudden cardiac arrest and your resuscitation techniques turned out to be complete (pupils narrowed, lips turned pink, pulse in large vessels is detected during cardiac massage) and the chest expands during artificial respiration, and independent heart contractions do not resume, continue resuscitation and wait for the ambulance to arrive. If you are tired, let someone replace you, but make sure that he carries out the revival just as competently. If necessary, you can and should perform cardiac massage and artificial respiration for several hours.

The article was prepared based on materials from the book by V. Yu. Davydov “Water Safety and Assistance to Victims”

Other publications on the topic of this article:

The safety of children on the water depends entirely on their parents. The kingdom of Neptune is by no means as welcoming to humans as it might seem at first glance. Even despite the smooth and relatively calm surface, the bottom of reservoirs can be uneven, muddy, and in some places there are strong currents and whirlpools. Therefore, the first rule, which must be followed by all lovers of active recreation on the seashore, for example, a river or lake, without exception, sounds like this: you can swim only in places designated for such purposes. Up to primary school age, children take water procedures only under the supervision of adults, and mothers and fathers (or grandparents, etc.) keep a vigilant eye on them. Older children can already swim on their own, but they must be aware of measures to prevent accidents on the water, know the basics of first aid, be able to provide it, identify a drowning person, etc. You need to start instilling this information in them from a very young age. Explaining and showing with examples, sharing personal experience and not being afraid to talk about the consequences. What should parents know about the safety of their children while swimming in reservoirs and what should they teach the younger generation in order to avoid unpleasant consequences from communicating with the water element?

• Water procedures can be carried out no earlier than an hour and a half after eating.
• It is not recommended to swim in water if its temperature is below 16 degrees, as this may result in loss of consciousness and convulsions.
• If the air has warmed up to 25 degrees, while the water temperature is about 18 degrees, the maximum time spent in the water can be no more than 15 minutes.
• You can only swim in specially designated places (usually they are fenced with buoys). But if you want to swim in a reservoir where there are no such places, you need to take the choice of a swimming area seriously - the depth is no more than 2 meters, the bottom is flat, and the flow speed should not exceed more than half a meter per second, the reservoir is in no case swampy.
• Adults need to carefully check the bottom and constantly monitor the bathing process of children, who should be close to the shore.

If adults are drunk, swimming is strictly prohibited for both the parents and their children. Because complete and vigilant control in this situation is no longer possible.

In order to avoid accidents on the water, parents need to follow simple rules themselves, and be sure to voice these rules to the younger members of the family every time before going to the beach.

Basic Rules

1. You cannot swim beyond the buoys, and if there are none, swim far from the shores.
2. It is prohibited to swim near ships, boats, cutters, steamers, etc.
3. It is prohibited to jump into water in places where the place is unfamiliar or the depth is shallow.
4. You can jump into the water only from specially equipped areas.
5. After a long and intense heat exposure, you should not take a running jump into cold water, as this can lead to cardiac arrest or loss of consciousness. To prevent such consequences, you should rinse before swimming.
6. It is prohibited to swim during strong waves or storms.
7. You cannot swim in bodies of water on the banks of which there are large quantities of large stones or reinforced concrete slabs; over time, they become overgrown with moss, and entering or exiting the water along them can be quite difficult and unsafe.
8. Special inflatable rings and mattresses are not intended for swimming far from the shore.
9. Under no circumstances should you play games where you need to capture or hold an opponent in the water - this is life-threatening.
10. The time spent in water should be limited depending on the temperature of both elements - water and air.

Video “Child safety rules on water”

Memos in verses and pictures

It is clear that if you give your child a mournful lecture about what is forbidden to do and where to swim, the child is unlikely to remember all these wisdom so easily. But there are a lot of different materials on water safety for children. These include poems, reminders in pictures, and methodological developments, including games and visual aids on this topic.

Information offered to a child in a playful form will remain in his memory for a long time. Take, for example, the reminders offered below. Clear, visual, interesting. Yes, and rhymes and sayings are quite easy to remember.

Behavior in critical situations

Often, accidents occur due to the fault of the swimmers themselves, who begin to panic and lose control of the situation. You need to learn to relax by floating passively on the surface of the water. To do this, roll over onto your back and spread your limbs slightly to the sides, and if the body begins to sink lower, then it must be kept afloat with the help of light movements.

Don't panic

• If while swimming in a pond you accidentally become entangled in algae, remain calm. To get rid of them, you should make soft and smooth movements directly near the surface of the water.
• If you find yourself in a whirlpool, you should take in the maximum possible amount of air into your lungs and dive into the water, first vertically, and then sharply turn away from the whirlpool.
• There is no point in swimming against a strong current if you accidentally fall into it. You should swim along it, and row at an angle, gradually approaching land. Along the shore you can return to your vacation spot.
• If you swim in the sea or ocean, you may encounter an effect called “backdraft channel.” This is the area where the current of the wave is reversed. If you get into such a place, you will be carried further and further from the shore. In such circumstances, you need to swim along the coastline and only return to land as this phenomenon fades. To return faster, you can use the force of the waves that will push you towards the shore.

How to get rid of cramps?

As soon as you begin to feel that one or another muscle is cramping, you need to urgently leave the pond. In a situation where you find yourself far from the shore and there is no way to quickly swim to it, several self-help methods will greatly help you. You will have to work them out in advance, even before going to the beach.

• Cramps always go away when the muscle is pierced with a sharp object, such as a needle or pin. For this reason, swimmers planning to swim long distances always put a safety pin on their swimming suit. But the best way to avoid this phenomenon is not to swim far.
• If weak short-term cramps and a feeling of weakness appear, you should roll over onto your back, relaxing your legs and arms, and swim in this position to the shore.
• If you feel that a cramp has cramped your fingers, then the following will help - squeeze them, and then sharply move your hands forward, unclenching your hands.
• When a cramp cramps your calves, you need to take a bent position, and take the affected leg by the heel and pull it towards you, closer to your stomach and chest.
• When you feel a cramp in your thigh muscle, grab the outside of your ankle (closer to the heel) and forcefully pull it back toward your back.

Be sure to practice doing exercises to quickly get rid of cramps at home or before swimming with your children. This will help ensure that they are doing everything correctly.

You should always remember that the best prevention of such an unpleasant phenomenon as a cramp is to follow basic safety measures - you should not swim far or stay in cold water for too long.

First aid for drowning

You need to know that a drowning person almost never makes any sounds, much less screams, as is usually shown in movies. The fact is that when water gets into the respiratory tract, a person strives to inhale at least a little air, and as soon as possible, but he cannot scream.

The following may indicate that a swimmer is drowning:

• wide eyes;
• alternate immersion and resurfacing;
• erratic body movements;
• the man flounders and strives to swim to the shore.

How to help a drowning person?

1. You should swim to it along the shortest route if you are on the shore. Remember the place where you saw the person and the most characteristic nearby object of the territory - this is necessary in order to know approximately where to look for the drowning person if he goes under water.
2. You need to prepare in advance a lifebuoy or any other swimming equipment that will greatly facilitate the transportation of a drowning person and will save your energy.
3. Remember that you can save the life of a drowned person within seven minutes after he loses consciousness.
4. If the victim reacts normally to you, you need to calm him down and force him to hold his shoulders from the back, and swim breaststroke towards the shore. When a person behaves inappropriately, you need to grab him from behind (you can also grab him by the hair, but so that his head is on the surface).
5. If the victim is unconscious, they take him by the chin and swim with him to the shore, the main thing is that his face is above the water.

Compliance with safety measures is not cowardice, but rational caution. If someone ignores them, this is not a reason to commit the same stupidity. Be wise and teach this wisdom to your children. Then you will only get pleasure from family holidays near bodies of water, without worrying about the consequences.