Composition of the lyrical work death of Yermak. K. Ryleev. A word about a poet. Duma K.F. Duma "Death of Yermak" and its connection with Russian history. fighting friends, associates

(historical basis of the Duma

K.F. Ryleeva "Death of Yermak")

teacher of Russian language and literature

"Lyceum No. 1" r.p.Chamzinka of the Republic of Mordovia

Pechkazova Svetlana Petrovna

prepare for the perception of the thought of K.F. Ryleev "Death of Yermak",
introduce the historical basis of the work,
analyze the features of the Russian national character shown by K.F. Ryleev in the image of Yermak,
cultivate patriotic feelings

Konstantin Fedorovich Ryleev (1795 - 1826) -

Russian poet, public figure, member of the Northern Secret Society, Decembrist

During the life of Kondraty Ryleev, two of his books saw the light:

in 1825 the collection "Duma" and the poem "Voinarovsky" were published.

In the collection "Duma" the poet included more than 20 works of this genre:

"Oleg the Prophetic", "Boyan", "Mstislav the Udaly", "Death of Yermak",

"Ivan Susanin", "Peter the Great in Ostrogozhsk" and others.

Konstantin Fyodorovich Ryleev

set before his poetic work the task of reminding the youth of the military patriotic deeds of their ancestors, introducing them to the significant eras of folk history, instilling sincere affection for the motherland, true love for the fatherland.

Dumas of K.F. Ryleev

"Mstislav the Remote"

"Peter the Great in Ostrogozhsk"

"Boyan"

"Oleg the Prophet"

"Death of Yermak"

"Ivan Susanin"

Duma is a poetic genre of Russian literature, which is the poet's reflections on philosophical, social and family topics.

Duma of K.F. Ryleev "Death of Yermak"

based on real historical events.

Cossack Ermak Timofeevich played an important role in the annexation of Siberia to Russia in the era of Ivan the Terrible. He defeated the army of Khan Kuchum, but Kuchum himself fled to the steppes.

At night, he unexpectedly attacked Yermak's camp, the Cossacks fought courageously, but they had to "yield to the strength and surprise of the blow." They were forced to flee, but there was only one way to escape: by swimming across the Irtysh.

The historical basis of the thought of K.F. Ryleev "Death of Yermak"

It happened on August 6, 1585. Ermak Timofeevich with a small detachment of 50 people spent the night on the banks of the Irtysh at the mouth of the Vagai River. Kuchum attacked the Cossacks and destroyed almost the entire detachment. Only a few Cossacks managed to escape.

According to the recollections of eyewitnesses of that terrible night, the ataman was burdened with his armor, in particular, two chain mail donated by the king. Trying to swim to the plows, he drowned in the Irtysh.

It is possible that Yermak was also wounded. According to Tatar legends, Yermak was mortally wounded with a spear in the throat by the Tatar hero Kutugay.

The historical basis of the thought of K.F. Ryleev "Death of Yermak"

According to legend, the body of Yermak was soon fished out of the Irtysh by a Tatar fisherman Yanysh. Many noble murzas, as well as Kuchum himself, came to look at the body of the ataman.

They say that the Tatars shot at the body of the ataman with bows for several days and feasted.

Later, having divided his property, in particular, taking two chain mail donated by the Tsar of Moscow, he was buried in the village, which is now called Baishevo. They buried him in a place of honor, but behind the cemetery, since Yermak was not a Muslim.

Vocabulary warm-up

1. Explain the meaning of phrases:

To the glory of passion breathing -

wanting glory.

Comrades of his labors -

fighting friends, like-minded people.

Not idly in the world lived -

not intentionally.

fatal lot -

unfortunate fate.

Woke up from sleep -

awoke.

2. Pick up synonyms for the words:

thicket, wilderness, thickets.

Wilds -

embraced -

surrounded, embraced.

Tent -

tent, camp.

Warrior -

warrior, companion.

Cheln -

ship, boat.

Armor -

armor, chain mail, armor .

Vocabulary warm-up

Holy Rus' -

Motherland, fatherland, native land.

Blessing of the Motherland -

the mercy of the motherland, the wish of victories and happiness.

Explain why the events at the beginning of the thought take place at night, during a thunderstorm?
What does Yermak think about the night before the fight?
How do you understand the words of the hero: “And we did not live idly in the world”?
How did Yermak's squad die? What does the author see as the cause of her death and whom does she condemn for this?
What is the theme and idea of Ryleev's thought?
What feelings was the author trying to convey?
Find patriotic-sounding lines in the text of the thought.
Reread the thought aloud expressively. What is it that especially excites the hearts of readers?
What features of the Russian national character did K.F. Ryleev in the image of Yermak?
What works of oral folk art are close to Ryleev's thought?

B. Dekhterev. "Death of Yermak"

What episode from the thought “Death of Yermak was depicted by the artist B. Dekhtyarev”?

Monuments to Yermak

The world's first linear icebreaker "Ermak"

Stela to Yermak

in Tobolsk

Monument to Yermak

in Novocherkassk

Don money - Ermak, 100 rubles. Rostov, 1918

Ryleev's reputation as a poet is ambiguous. Among his contemporaries there were many people who did not appreciate his poems very highly. It must be understood that his reputation is determined not only by his writing abilities, but also by his civic position. For many, Ryleev was a man of great virtues, a hero and a righteous person, due to the fact that he became one of the participants in the Decembrist movement.

Ryleev was the first Russian poet to be executed for his beliefs and social activities. He lived only 30 years. During this short period, he managed to do a lot. Like many Russian nobles, the poet served. Ryleev would have come from a small estate family, his father looked after someone else's estate and was under the rule of a larger landowner. At first, Ryleev served in military affairs, and later in civil affairs, as an assessor in the Civil Chamber, and at the end of his life he was in the service of the Russian-American Company.

Ryleev and duels

The institution of the duel played a huge role in Russian noble life. Many writers fought duels, many were seconds. In addition to such well-known duels as those in which Pushkin and Lermontov were killed, there are many other well-known and dramatic ones in the history of Russian literature (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. A.A. Naumov. Pushkin's duel with Dantes

Ryleev also participated in duels, and some of them are very famous. One of these famous duels was the duel between Chernov and Novosiltsev, in which Ryleev was a second. Chernov was a friend of Ryleev, a poor nobleman, and Novosiltsev was an aristocrat and a rich man. As is often the case, the duel happened over a woman. Chernov had a sister, and Novosiltsev wooed her, they were engaged, but after some time, under the influence of his mother, Novosiltsev “reversed”. The engagement was broken off. Such situations occurred quite often, but in this case the poignancy was that Chernov was a “small fry”, and Novosiltsev was an aristocrat. From the point of view of Ryleev and other future Decembrists, this was a cruel insult: the strong and rich offended the poor and weak. The case ended in a duel.

As a second, Ryleev did everything to ensure that the duel took place and was as bloody as possible (this is contrary to the foundations: it is usually the duty of the seconds to try on duelists or soften the conditions of the duel). Ryleev and his comrades managed things in such a way that the duel turned out to be terrible. They placed the duelists at such a distance from which it was almost impossible to miss, and as a result, both died.

Chernov's funeral turned into a demonstration. The Decembrists did everything to expose this situation in the light of political discord within high society.

This case shows us how tough Ryleev was in matters that concerned the honor and dignity of a person. He was ready to sacrifice not only his own, but also someone else's life in order to defend his convictions.

Creativity Ryleev

Ryleev not only wrote poetry, but also published the almanac "Polar Star". Much later, in the 1850s, A.I. Herzen (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Almanac "Polar Star"

In Russian literature, the word "polar" referred to the north. To publish such an almanac in St. Petersburg is a completely natural thing. Ryleev published it not alone, but together with his associate A. Bestuzhev.

In their work, the Decembrists were guided by Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. The name of this writer is associated with classicism, with a high calm and an ode as a favorite genre. This is poetry focused on serious, lofty themes. The future Decembrists were rather stern-minded people not only in their private lives, but also in the sphere of literature and art. Poetry as an adornment of life or poetry of light topics was completely alien to them. If we look at the literary map of Russia at that time, then the main controversy was between the Derzhavins and the Karamzins. Supporters of Karamzin's sentimental aesthetics believed that poetry could be light in style, vocabulary, and choice of topics. Severe Decembrists were for the old style, the chased style of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, and it was in this vein that Ryleev tried to write. The Decembrists were also people focused on exploits and accomplishments. And for heroism, they turned to ancient Roman history.

All these features of the literary taste and choice of the Decembrists and Ryleev are clearly visible in one of his works, in "Ode to a temporary worker."

A temporary worker is a person who, at the behest of a strong patron (usually a monarch), temporarily found himself in power, reached a high position, honors.

"Haughty temporary worker, and vile and treacherous,
The monarch is a cunning flatterer and an ungrateful friend,
Furious tyrant of his native country,
A villain elevated to an important rank by slyness!
You look at me with contempt
And in your menacing gaze you show me your furious anger!
I don't value your attention, scoundrel;
From your lips blasphemy - a crown worthy of praise!

Ryleev scolds and vilifies the temporary worker very rudely and furiously, but uses a high style for this. Next, the author moves on to threats. Let's see how he addresses the temporary worker.

"Tyrant, tremble! he can be born
Or Cassius, or Brutus, or Cato, the enemy of kings!
Oh, how on the lyre I will try to glorify him,
Who will save my Fatherland from you!

Cassius, Brutus and Cato are the heroes of ancient Roman history.

Ryleev did not want to simply imitate Derzhavin, he tried to find his own style and style. Dumas are great works with heroes - Russian and Ukrainian historical figures. Heroes of thoughts usually thought about the fate of the Fatherland, and all of them, one way or another, sacrificed themselves for the sake of the people's good. For example, Ivan Susanin, well known to us from history, gave his life for the Tsar and Russia.

And again we are convinced that Ryleev's poetry is the poetry of serious, tragic topics, and in the center is always civic interest, a common cause. The ideological and artistic paradox of Ryleev's works consisted in the fact that he portrayed anti-romantic heroes through romantic techniques. One of these heroes is Yermak from the thought "Death of Yermak" (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Illustration for the thought "Death of Yermak"

Ermak

Ataman Ermak Timofeevich is one of the most famous Cossacks in the history of Russia. He is on a par with such characters as Bulavin, Pugachev and Razin. But these people are rebels who opposed the authorities, against the state. Yermak is a slightly different character, he is also a representative of a free anti-state force, a robber and a robber who decided to serve the Fatherland. But Yermak pursued selfish goals in an attack on the Siberian Khanate. It is immediately clear that the attack would allow him to loot a lot, and even if he won, he would receive an award from the sovereign. But robbery outside the state, which it also supports, is no longer a crime, but becomes a military feat.

Yermak's success was one of the positive developments of Ivan the Terrible's time. Yermak is at the same time the embodiment of riotous free power, and a servant of the sovereign. This attracted not only Ryleev, A.K. Tolstoy brought Yermak in the novel "Prince Silver", but he did it in a rather unusual way. Yermak himself never appears on the pages of the novel; others tell about him. For Tolstoy, Yermak is a saving ray against the background of the oprichnina described in the novel, an image of a brighter future.

Yermak is a real character in Russian history of the 16th century. He was a Cossack chieftain who went to conquer Siberia, which was under the rule of Khan Kuchum. Yermak died by drowning in the river during a sudden attack by the Tatars. It was with the campaign of Yermak to Siberia that the annexation of these lands to the territory of the Russian state began.

Readers already know its outcome from the name of the thought.

"The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness

And the winds raged in the wilds...
To the glory of passion breathing,
In a country harsh and gloomy,
On the wild bank of the Irtysh
Yermak sat, engulfed in thought.

The description is romantic: the hero is presented to us surrounded by nature and all alone. Next, we read the Cossack's appeal to his squad.

"Comrades of his labors,
Victories and loud-sounding glory,
Among the spread tents
They slept carelessly near the oak forest.
“Oh, sleep, sleep,” the hero thought,
Friends, under a roaring storm;
With the dawn, my voice will be heard,
Calling for glory or death!

You need rest; sweet dream
And calm the brave in a storm;
In dreams he will remind glory
And the strength of the warriors will double.

Here we understand that dramatic events will soon begin. It is important to note that Yermak addresses the sleepers, hoping that they will hear him. Readers of Ryley's time, when reading this passage, immediately had an association with a prayer for a cup in the Garden of Gethsemane from the Gospel (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. V. Perov. "Jesus Praying in the Garden of Gethsemane"

Before the execution, Jesus prays, and his disciples-apostles sleep next to him. And we anticipate tragedy. This parallel is not accidental.

"Who did not spare his life
In robberies, mining gold,
Will he think about her
Dying for holy Rus'?
Wash away with your own and enemy's blood
All the crimes of a wild life
And deserved for the victory
Blessings of the motherland, -
We cannot be afraid of death;
We have done our work:
Siberia conquered the king
And we did not live idly in the world!”

Ermak says that in the past they all sinned, but now they have the opportunity to atone for their sins. And we see the subtext: here it is, precisely that sacrifice made for the sake of the Fatherland. And this feat can redeem everything, and yesterday's sinner can become a saint.

"But his fatal destiny
Already sat next to the hero
And looked with regret
At the victim with a curious look.
The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness
Thunder rumbled incessantly

Stormy nature now acts not as a silent witness, but becomes the embodiment of fate, takes up arms against the hero.

"The Irtysh boiled in steep banks,
Gray waves were rising
And crumbled with a roar to dust,
Biya on the shore, Cossack boats.
With the leader, peace in the arms of sleep
The brave squad ate;
There is only one storm with Kuchum
I didn’t doze off at their death! ”

Yermak is sleeping, and his fate is coming close to him - we understand that he is doomed. This fits within the framework of the Christian faith. It is not the victory that is important, but the sacrifice, the feat. Then follow the lines about the attack of the enemies.

"Fearing to engage the hero in battle,
Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief,
Sneaked through the secret path
Tatars surrounded by crowds.
Swords flashed in their hands -
And the valley bled
And fell formidable in battles,
Without drawing swords, squad ... "

There is a dishonest fight, and the Tatars exterminate the Cossacks. Yermak takes to flight.

Yermak woke up from sleep
And, death in vain, tends to the waves,
Heart full of courage
But the boats are far from the shore!
Irtysh is more worried -
Yermak strains all his strength
And with his mighty hand
Shafts gray cuts ... "

In these lines we observe Yermak's struggle with nature, as in ancient tragedy, here nature plays the role of evil fate. The character continues to fight injustice and is again shown as a romantic hero. But, like the most powerful Greek hero, Achilles, Yermak has a weak spot. For him, this is a gift from Ivan the Terrible, heavy armor that drags him to the bottom.

“Floats ... the shuttle is already close -
But the strength of fate yielded,
And, boiling more terrible, the river
The hero was swallowed up with a bang.
Depriving the strength of the hero
Fight the raging wave
Heavy shell - the gift of the king
Became his death to blame "

This fragment shows the poetic conventionality of Ryleev's thought. It's not about reality, but about some poetic side of things. Further, the author shows us a dead, but in a sense, not defeated Yermak.

“The storm roared ... suddenly the moon
The boiling Irtysh turned silver,
And the corpse, vomited by the wave,
In the copper armor lit up.
The clouds rolled in, the rain roared,
And the lightning still flashed
And the thunder still rumbled in the distance,
And the winds raged in the wilds.

In the finale, Ryleev skillfully uses lines already familiar to us, but now they already have a different shade. If you think about it, the final picture reminds us of an honorable funeral for a military man, only nature participates in this procession.

Conclusion

Three years have passed since the creation of the thought "Death of Yermak", there was a performance on the Senate Square. It was the crowning achievement of Ryleev's political and civil life. This temperamental man was the soul and engine of this uprising. The Decembrist uprising was suppressed, Ryleev was arrested and spent the last months in prison. He was sentenced to death and hanged along with four comrades. The poet accurately predicted his fate in the duma "Nalivaiko".

"I know that death awaits
The one who rises first
On the oppressors of the people, -
Fate has already doomed me.
But where, tell me when was
Freedom redeemed without sacrifice”?

Ryleev in prison

The inflexible Kondraty Ryleev could be patient and gentle. He was a Christian (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. K. Ryleev

Especially his Christian position was visible at the end of his life. Ryleev accepted the verdict without anger or protest. A letter that he wrote to his wife in the last hours has been preserved. Usually, a suicide letter was written before a duel, where the outcome was unknown. Ryleev had no doubts. I wonder what he writes to his wife. He asks her to come to terms with what is happening and not be angry either with God or with the sovereign, who sentenced him.

“God and the Sovereign have decided my fate: I must die and die a shameful death. May His holy will be done! My dear friend, surrender yourself to the will of the Almighty, and he will comfort you. Pray to God for my soul. He will hear your prayers. Do not grumble either at him or at the Sovereign: it will be both reckless and sinful. Shall we comprehend the inscrutable judgments of the Incomprehensible? I never murmured during the whole time of my imprisonment, and for this the Holy Spirit wondrously comforted me. Marvel, my friend, and at this very moment, when I am busy only with you and our little one, I am in such a comforting calmness that I cannot express to you. Oh, dear friend, how salutary it is to be a Christian. I thank my Creator that He enlightened me and that I am dying in Christ.”

Ryleev died reconciled, said goodbye to his wife. He accepted death as a humble man, and not as a rebel, as we remember him in the first place.

As he wanted, as he dreamed, he suffered for a just cause. And it turns out that he was a real romantic. He actually professed the romantic principle: live as you write, write as you live. And so it happened: that Kondraty Ryleev lived, wrote and died as a romantic.

Questions for abstracts

Make a table in which enter the titles of microthemes. In each column, write down the key words, phrases, fragments of sentences of the micro-theme (according to Ryleev's thought "Death of Yermak").

Write an essay "The role of the Decembrists in the development of social thought in Russia."
Answer in writing the question: “Why are the fate of the author and the fate of the hero-Yermak parallel?”

Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev (1795-1826) was a poet, public figure and one of the leaders of the Decembrist uprising.

Not a poet, but a citizen

Freethinker, romantic and revolutionary. Since 1823 he was a member of the Northern Decembrist Society. Later he headed his most radical direction, putting forward the ideas of a republican social system. He was one of the five Decembrists - the leaders of the movement, who were executed after the uprising.

Ryleev accepted his fate without anger and malice, did not give up his views and beliefs, tried more to save his comrades than himself. He went to the execution calmly, with the confidence that he was dying for a just cause.

Creativity of the poet

Ryleev's work, saturated with the ideas of freedom and universal equality, received an ambiguous assessment from his contemporaries. The great A. S. Pushkin was skeptical about his "Duma". But Ryleev himself has always positioned himself first of all as a citizen, and only after that as a poet. In his work, he expressed his civic position boldly and youthfully ardently. For posterity, his poems serve not only as a literary, but also as a historical monument. Ryleev's work was of great importance for the revolutionaries of the 19th and 20th centuries. In it, they received an example of how to live for an idea and be ready to die for it.

Together with Alexander Bestuzhev, Ryleev published the almanac "Polar Star". In it, the Decembrists published their works. Several of Pushkin's poems were also printed there. 30 years after the Decembrist uprising, A. Herzen began to publish an almanac, which he named in the same way, thus paying tribute to the Decembrists and expressing commitment to their ideas.

Like other Decembrists, Kondraty Fedorovich ori-en-ti-rova-l on G. R. Der-zha-vin-na. This is the poetry of the classical style, it is characterized by lofty and serious themes. Frivolous poetry, which delights the ear, but does not carry any moral principles or ideas, was alien to him. In the center of the e-ziya Ry-le-e-va are civic ideas. Its peculiarity is also that he used the y-mami, characteristic of ro-man-ti-che-poetry, to depict heroes who were far from romantic ideals. A similar hero is Ermak from the thought "Death of Yermak" by Ryleev. An analysis of this work shows that the author expressed his ideals and beliefs in it.

Who is Yermak

One of the most famous ka-za-kov in Russian history is ata-man Ermak Timofeevich. He, unlike the rebels Razin and Pugachev, who fought against the authorities, served the Fatherland. Of course, while conquering the Siberian Khanate, Yermak pursued his own selfish interests. Robbery during the war is not villainy, moreover, such actions were supported by the attacking state. With his campaign, Yermak laid the foundation for the conquest and annexation of Siberia to Russia.

Thus, Ermak is a rather versatile character. He is both a free Cossack and a warrior acting for the glory of his state. Therefore, his image attracted Ryleev.

Cossack on the river bank

In the analysis of "The Death of Yermak" by Ryleev, it should be noted that the author demonstrates a romantic bias in the thought. An enthusiastic description of nature and philosophical reflections of the protagonist are a confirmation of this. At the beginning of the thought, the poet describes a strong storm that broke out at night. Ermak sits alone on the banks of the Irtysh River. The Cossack is tormented by the question: do he and his friends live correctly? Many Cossacks in the recent past were desperate robbers, but then they switched to the royal service.

In the analysis of Ryleyev's thought "The Death of Yermak" it should be shown that Yermak does not condemn his friends, but admires their courage and prowess. He is sure that the Cossacks atoned for their past crimes, fulfilling the royal will, not sparing their own lives. The Cossack turns to his sleeping comrades, hoping that they will hear him, but their sleep is sound. An analysis of Ryleev's "Death of Yermak" suggests that Yermak Timofeevich foresees his imminent death.

The death of the squad

In the process of analyzing "The Death of Yermak" by Ryleev, it becomes obvious that the author opposes the vile and insidious Khan Kuchum to the courageous and fearless ataman Yermak. Khan is not regarded as a worthy opponent of Yermak and his retinue. He cowardly attacks the sleeping Cossacks, being wary of entering into a fair fight with them. Kuchum and his people kill almost the entire squad. In the analysis of Ryleev's work "The Death of Yermak" it must be said that the brave warriors died without even taking up arms.

The only way of salvation is the waters of the Irtysh. But now the turbulent nature is not a silent witness of the events taking place. She becomes in-the-area of evil rock. A terrible storm, strong wind and heavy rain make the river deadly. In the analysis of Ryleev's poem "Death of Yermak" it is necessary to indicate that the forces of nature took up arms against the hero.

Death of Yermak

Ermak enters into an unequal struggle with nature, like the heroes of ancient tragedies. Here he fights against injustice. But how can a person fight the elements? In addition, he is wearing too heavy armor, donated by Ivan the Terrible. Yermak has no strength left to resist. He is drowning, dragged down by the royal gift.

An analysis of Ryleev's "Death of Yermak" gives an idea of what exactly the author considers the cause of the death of his hero. Undoubtedly, heavy armor killed Yermak. Having accepted an expensive gift from the king, the Cossack died. He exchanged his freedom and convictions for the faithful service of autocratic power. As a Decembrist, Ryleev raised the issue of personal freedom especially highly. He did not consider service to the tsar and service to Russia to be identical concepts. In the analysis of Ryleev's work "The Death of Yermak" it should be shown how, admiring the heroism of Yermak Timofeevich and his service for the good of his native state, the poet is indignant, seeing that the Cossack does not value freedom. No, it was not the river that killed Yermak, but the royal gifts.

The poet ends the thought with a description of the raging elements. Lines familiar to the reader now acquire a different from-te-nok. An analysis of Ryleev's "Death of Yermak" helps to understand that the finale of the thought is like a fallen warrior. But only nature participates in the funeral procession.

This work, written in 1822, quickly gained incredible popularity. Critics repeatedly performed an analysis of Ryleev's thought. "The Death of Yermak" was fragmentarily set to music, becoming a song widely circulated among the people.

In this lesson, we will get acquainted with one of the Decembrist writers - Kondraty Ryleev. We will talk about the thoughts of the poet - a special genre that he wanted to introduce into Russian literature. Let's analyze the thought "Death of Yermak" and talk about some facts from the biography of the writer.

Ermak

Ataman Ermak Timofeevich is one of the most famous Cossacks in the history of Rus'. He is on a par with such characters as Bulavin, Pugachev and Razin. But these people are rebels who opposed the authorities, against the state. Yermak is a slightly different character, he is also a representative of a free anti-state force, a robber and a robber who decided to serve the Fatherland. But Yermak pursued selfish goals in an attack on the Siberian Khanate. It is immediately clear that the attack would allow him to loot a lot, and even if he won, he would receive an award from the sovereign. But robbery outside the state, which it also supports, is no longer a crime, but becomes a military feat.

Yermak's success was one of the positive developments of Ivan the Terrible's time. Yermak is at the same time the embodiment of riotous free power, and a servant of the sovereign. This attracted not only Ryleev, A.K. Tolstoy brought Yermak in the novel "Prince Silver", but he did it in a rather unusual way. Yermak himself never appears on the pages of the novel; others tell about him. For Tolstoy, Ermak is a saving ray against the background of the oprichnina described in the novel, an image of a brighter future.

Readers already know its outcome from the name of the thought.

"The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness
Thunder rumbled incessantly
And the winds raged in the wilds...
To the glory of passion breathing,
In a country harsh and gloomy,
On the wild bank of the Irtysh
Yermak sat, engulfed in thought.

The description is romantic: the hero is presented to us surrounded by nature and all alone. Next, we read the Cossack's appeal to his squad.

"Comrades of his labors,
Victories and loud-sounding glory,
Among the spread tents
They slept carelessly near the oak forest.
“Oh, sleep, sleep,” the hero thought, “
Friends, under a roaring storm;
With the dawn, my voice will be heard,
Calling for glory or death!

You need rest; sweet Dreams
And calm the brave in a storm;
In dreams he will remind glory
And the strength of the warriors will double.

Rice. 4. V. Perov. "Jesus Praying in the Garden of Gethsemane"

Before the execution, Jesus prays, and his disciples-apostles sleep next to him. And we anticipate tragedy. This parallel is not accidental.

"Who did not spare his life
In robberies, mining gold,
Will he think about her
Dying for holy Rus'?
Wash away with your own and enemy's blood
All the crimes of a wild life
And deserved for the victory
Blessings of the motherland, -
We cannot be afraid of death;
We have done our work:
Siberia conquered the king
And we - not idly in the world lived!

"But his fatal destiny
Already sat next to the hero
And looked with regret
At the victim with a curious look.
The storm roared, the rain roared,
Lightning flew in the darkness
Thunder rumbled incessantly
And the winds raged in the wilds.

Stormy nature now acts not as a silent witness, but becomes the embodiment of fate, takes up arms against the hero.

"The Irtysh boiled in steep banks,
Gray waves were rising
And crumbled with a roar to dust,
Biya on the shore, Cossack boats.
With the leader, peace in the arms of sleep
The brave squad ate;
There is only one storm with Kuchum
I didn’t doze off at their death! ”

"Fearing to engage the hero in battle,
Kuchum to the tents, like a despicable thief,
Sneaked through the secret path
Tatars surrounded by crowds.
Swords flashed in their hands -
And the valley bled
And fell formidable in battles,
Without drawing swords, squad ... "

There is a dishonest fight, and the Tatars exterminate the Cossacks. Yermak takes to flight.

Yermak woke up from sleep
And, death in vain, tends to the waves,
Heart full of courage
But the boats are far from the shore!
Irtysh is more worried -
Yermak strains all his strength
And with his mighty hand
Shafts gray cuts ... "

“It floats ... the shuttle is already close -
But the strength of fate yielded,
And, boiling more terrible, the river
The hero was swallowed up with a bang.
Depriving the strength of the hero
Fight the raging wave
Heavy shell - the gift of the king
Became his death to blame "

“The storm roared ... suddenly the moon
The boiling Irtysh turned silver,
And the corpse, vomited by the wave,
In the copper armor lit up.
The clouds rolled in, the rain roared,
And the lightning still flashed
And the thunder still rumbled in the distance,
And the winds raged in the wilds.

"I know that death awaits
The one who rises first
On the oppressors of the people, -
Fate has already doomed me.
But where, tell me when was
Freedom redeemed without sacrifice”?

Ryleev in prison

The inflexible Kondraty Ryleev could be patient and gentle. He was a Christian (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. K. Ryleev

Ryleev died reconciled, said goodbye to his wife. He accepted death as a humble man, and not as a rebel, as we remember him in the first place.

Bibliography

Korovina V.Ya. etc. Literature. 8th grade. Textbook in 2 hours - 8th ed. - M.: Education, 2009.
Lotman Yu.M. Decembrist in everyday life. - M., 1988.
Poetry and letters of the Decembrists. (Compiled by Fomichev S.A.). - Gorky, 1984.

Internet portal "Biography.5litra.ru" ()
Internet portal "Km.ru" ()
Internet portal "Literature-xix.ru" ()

Homework

Make a table in which enter the titles of microthemes. In each column, write down the key words, phrases, fragments of sentences of the micro-theme (according to Ryleev's thought "Death of Yermak").
Write an essay "The role of the Decembrists in the development of social thought in Russia."
Answer in writing the question: “Why are the fate of the author and the fate of the hero-Yermak parallel?”