The royal hunt for kuteps. Kutepov N.I. "The Royal Hunt": a success story. Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus' - history of creation

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With illustrations. Rare edition full meeting works of Major General Kutepov N.I. in IV volumes from the collection of rare volumes of books from the library of Count Kutaisov K.P. Four volumes of this fundamental work were created between 1896 and 1911. Published at the end of the 19th century, a multi-volume volume of essays by Major General N.I. Kutepov. about the “Grand-Ducal, Tsarist and Imperial Hunt in Rus'”, immediately became a remarkable monument of book art and cultural history of Russia, as well as a valuable bibliographic rarity and an object of desire for many second-hand book collectors. This work still remains the unsurpassed largest collection of archival materials on the history and culture of hunting in Rus' and Russia. (For a list of volumes, see below).

Author - Kutepov N.I. - famous historian, major general, head of the economic department of the Imperial hunt. In his four-volume work, he collected unique archival material on the history of hunting in Rus' and in Russia from the moment of its formation ancient Russian state X century before late XIX V. The notes contain the texts of the original historical documents: works of Russian historians, notes of foreign travelers, chronicles and documentary evidence, literary works, excerpts from the hunting diaries of the kings and much more. To this day, this work remains unsurpassed in the wealth of historical materials collected.

The book tells about the development of hunting, the intricacies of hound and falconry, hunting life, equipment, beliefs and spells, breeds of dogs and horses, hunting grounds, the composition of the ranks and servants of the royal hunt, its everyday and political significance.

More than 2000 pages of text in antique volumes are accompanied by many wonderful illustrations made using the chromolithography technique. The best Russian artists of that time were invited to illustrate the publication. The publication presents more than 1850 illustrations made by a galaxy of famous artists who worked on the design of “Grand-Ducal, Tsarist and Imperial Hunts in Rus'”: Repin I.E., Rubo F.A., Serov V.A., Surikov V.I., Stepanov A.S., Pasternak L.O., Lebedev K.V., Ryabushkin A.P., Lansere E.E., Benois A.N., A.M. and V.M. Vasnetsovs. The author of the design of the edition's bindings, endpaper designs and many illustrations in the text is Academician Nikolai Semenovich Samokish, one of the outstanding graphic artists of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. “Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus'” by Major General N.I. Kutepov. – a true masterpiece of graphic art and book design.

On our website you can download the book "The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'. Historical essay. T. 2" by N. I. Kutepov for free and without registration in djvu format, read the book online or buy the book in the online store.

"Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus'" - an article about the unique work of Nikolai Kutepov and the history of its creation

Kutepov N. “Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus'”

This four-volume edition is one of the best examples of book publishing of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Historical sketch covers a large period in Russian history, from the first princes Ancient Rus' before the reign of Emperor Alexander II, and tells not only about the history of hunting, but also about the lifestyle of Russian monarchs and their hobbies.

The book contains unique historical material from the formation of the Old Russian state until the end of the 19th century. The publication provides evidence of the prevalence of hunting, the abundance of game and the consumption of hunting products; references in chronicles about popular beliefs related to hunting; the everyday and political significance of royal hunting; sending falconers and falconers to foreign lands with the addition of information about the purpose of the embassies, the reception of ambassadors and special circumstances.

Also given are excerpts from the hunting diaries of the kings with descriptions of royal hunts, places where this or that hunt was carried out, special circumstances accompanying the hunts, etc.; certificates of organization and personnel bird and hound hunting, beavers, hunting horses, hunting equipment; bear and lion fun; hunting spells, beliefs, etc. The book is one of best works Russian book art. Immediately after its publication, the publication became a legend and a bibliographic rarity.

The author of the idea of ​​​​creating such a book was Emperor Alexander III, who expressed a wish to write the history of royal hunting in Russia. The publication was to be illustrated by the best Russian artists. This order was given to the Office of the Imperial Hunt, in which N.I. Kutepov served as head of the economic department of the Imperial Hunt.

Since Kutepov’s place of service was in Gatchina, we can say that the book “Grand-Ducal, Tsarist and Imperial Hunting in Rus'” was born here. In 1893, “ Memorandum on the state of affairs in the compilation of the Collection of materials relating to grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Russia”, a kind of detailed plan for the future book. In the center of the cover of the copy stored in the Russian state library(Moscow), the imperial double-headed eagle was depicted, clutching two hunting horns in its paws, and in the lower right corner there was the inscription “ 1891–1893 Gatchino».

N.I. Kutepov spent a lot of time research work, collecting all the documents on the history of hunting known by that time in Russian archives and libraries. The Notes, which make up almost half of each volume, contain the texts of original historical documents. To this day, this work is unsurpassed in terms of the wealth of materials collected.

In the service of N.I. Kutepov was distinguished by good organizational skills, which helped him in creating a magnificent team of artists who worked on the design of the “Royal Hunt”. The book collected works by famous Russian artists - I.E. Repina, F.A. Rubo, V.A. Serova, V.I. Surikova, L.O. Pasternak, A.P. Ryabushkina, A.M. and V.M. Vasnetsov and many others. The author of the design of the edition's bindings, endpaper drawings and many illustrations in the text was Nikolai Semenovich Samokish– one of the outstanding graphic artists of the late 19th – early 20th centuries.

“The Royal Hunt” N.I. Kutepova contributed to increasing interest in book graphics and illustration, thereby developing the art of book decoration.

The essay was published in several publications. At first, the book was published in dark green calico binding without illustrations, with minimal decoration in the form of modest endings that concluded the chapters. The work received the highest approval. After this N.I. Kutepov began publishing the book in the form that Alexander III dreamed of. The publication was carried out in the printing house of the Expedition for the Procurement of State Papers, which was considered the best printing house of that time in Russia. The printing house's equipment made it possible to produce beautiful fonts, reproduce artists' drawings, and produce silver corners in the form double headed eagles. High quality paper and expensive materials were used for luxurious bindings. That time was characterized by interest in bibliophile publications, which were works of art in bookmaking, and this book became such.

First volume, dedicated to the history of grand-ducal and royal hunting in Rus' from the 10th to the 16th centuries, was published in 1896 year. The book contained a dedication “To the blessed and eternal memory of the great Sovereign Alexandra III", which was reproduced in all subsequent volumes. Second volume, telling about the royal hunt in the 17th century, was published in 1898 year. Copies using the most expensive materials were intended to be presented to high-ranking officials, people who assisted in the publication of the book.

In design third volume, published in 1902 year, artists - members of the art association “World of Art” took part: L.S. Bakst, A.N. Benoit, E.E. Lanceray. The works of these artists, although they made up only part of the illustrations and design of “The Royal and Imperial Hunt,” immediately changed the appearance of the publication, giving it new qualities. Participation in this project was of considerable importance for the “world of artists” and for the history of Russian book graphics. In this work, new principles were developed for the design and illustration of books in historical topic, the foundations of the graphic style of the World of Art association were laid, where a deep knowledge of the culture of the depicted era was combined with a flight of fantasy, an understanding of the requirements of book specificity with the freedom and flexibility of artistic language.

Volume four, dedicated to the reigns from Paul I to Alexander II, was published in 1911 year after the death of N.I. Kutepov, which followed on December 23, 1907 (January 11, 1908). The work was completed thanks to the efforts of his wife Elena Andreevna Kutepova.

In the book (volumes 3 and 4) there is repeated mention of the Gatchina lands where the emperors hunted and the history of the Yegerskaya Settlement, which was built in the middle of the 19th century in Gatchina. In the fourth volume you can see illustrations dedicated to Gatchina: A. Benois “Walk of Emperor Paul I with his retinue through the Menagerie in the mountains. Gatchina", "Walk of Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich with his wife Alexandra Feodorovna and retinue in the mountains. Gatchina”, N. Samokish “Priory Palace in the mountains. Gatchina", "Gatchina River Valley in Menagerie", "Imperial Gatchina Farm".

Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus' - history of creation

"This work is all the more desirable because it is of interest to every Russian ". With these words he accompanied Emperor Alexander III in May 1891 his wish to compile the history of the royal hunt in Russia, expressed to the head of the Imperial hunt, Prince Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn, and the head of the economic department, Colonel Nikolai Ivanovich Kutepov while touring the hunting grounds in Gatchina.

N.I. Kutepov carried out enormous research work, studying a large number of materials on the history of royal hunts in various Russian archives and libraries. In the "Notes", which make up almost half of each volume of "The Tsar's Hunt in Russia", N.I. Kutepov brought full texts authentic historical documents with which he worked. The scientific value of the materials collected by N.I. Kutepov, is also confirmed by the fact that he was entrusted with writing an article for the “Encyclopedic Dictionary” of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron, dedicated to the royal and grand-ducal hunt in Russia (see volume XXXVIIa, pp. 808-811).

In 1893, N.I. Kutepov published a “Memorandum on the state of affairs in compiling a “Collection of materials concerning the history of grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunts in Russia,” where he provided a detailed plan for the content of his work for the time period up to the 18th century inclusive. The “memorandum” was published in a dark green binding. In the middle of the front cover there is an imperial double-headed eagle embossed in gold, clutching two hunting horns in its paws; in the lower right corner there is also an inscription in gold: “1891-1893. Gatchino".

In 1893-1895. In the printing house of the Main Directorate of Appanages in St. Petersburg, the history of royal hunts, written by N.I. Kutepov, was published for the first time. This publication was extremely small in circulation and had no illustrations; explains its purpose letter to N.I. Kutepov to the artist V.V. Vereshchagin, with whom he was familiar from the time of hostilities in Bulgaria:

"Dear Vasily Vasilievich! Here's my brainchild: please don't swear, and the main thing is that this publication was published in only 10 copies, especially for comrades of good people - so far, just like His Majesty has not yet seen it - and it is not yet finished literary, and requires a strong and careful proofreading. I published it in this form hastily also because it needs to be illustrated - there are a small fraction of drawings and things from monuments" (Tretyakov Gallery, f. 17, N 806, b/d).

The binding design of the publication of the Main Directorate of Appanages is similar to the binding of the “Memoir”, only it is made of solid leather, and the dates indicated on it are 1893-1895. The endpapers are made of light "moire" paper, the edge is covered with gilding. Of the decorations in the text, only modest typographic endings are used.

In May 1894, N.I. Kutepov presented the first volume of the “trial” edition to Alexander III, for which he was awarded royal gratitude and permission to illustrate the publication by the best Russian artists. To do this, it was necessary to find a printing house equipped with very good reproduction equipment. "Grand-ducal, royal and imperial hunting in Rus'" 1896-1911, as you know, was published Expedition for procurement of government papers, which by that period was considered the best printing house in Russia.

The expedition was founded in 1818, at the direction of Emperor Alexander I, as a government agency for the production of banknotes and other securities. Along with its direct activities, the Expedition was actively involved in the publication of books. Being a state institution and, therefore, not being constrained by funds, the Expedition had the opportunity to equip its workshops with the most modern equipment. The high level of technical equipment of the Expedition, as well as the presence of leading Russian specialists in the field of printing on its staff, made it possible to produce everything for the publication, which was originally conceived as a luxury edition: beautiful fonts (" Tsar's hunt in Rus'"was typed in a then new font" medieval"), and silver corners in the form of double-headed eagles, and high-quality paper, which has practically not changed its color over the century, and magnificent reproductions of watercolor, tempera and other drawings by artists. Thus, multicolor extra-text illustrations, drawings for which were made especially for this edition by the best artists of the turn of the century - V.M. Vasnetsov, I.E. Repin, A.N. Benois, V.A. Serov, L.O. Pasternak, A.P. Ryabushkin, V.I. Surikov and others - were were reproduced by chromolithography, and the vignettes of the artist N.S. Samokish, which decorated all 4 volumes of the publication, were reproduced using the phototechnical method of autotype. For the chromolithographs pasted into the book, a special type of thick paper with a relief surface was used. Extra-text illustrations had protective tracing paper on them. However, captions were added to the drawings.

Responsible for the reproduction of visual material in the publication was the head of the artistic part of the Expedition, professional engraver Gustav Ignatievich Frank, who also performed the etching “Fedor Nikitich Romanov-Zakharyin-Yuryev” from the original by I.E. Repin for the 2nd volume. It should be mentioned here that, along with autotype and chromolithography, “The Tsar’s Hunt in Rus'” contains 4 etchings (one mentioned above, in the 2nd volume, and three in the 3rd volume of the edition, from the originals by V.I. Jacobi ), as well as two heliogravures (in the 2nd volume, from the originals by V.I. Surikov and K.V. Lebedev).

More than any other artist, “The Tsar’s Hunt in Rus'” owes its memorable appearance to Nikolai Semenovich Samokish, one of the outstanding book graphic artists of the turn of the century. It is he who is the author of the design of the bindings of all four volumes of the publication, as well as the endpaper drawings and illustrations in the text (except for the third volume, where the vignettes, along with N.S. Samokish, were made by the “World of Art” artists A.N. Benois, E.E. Lansere and L.S. Bakst). Pen drawings by N.S. Samokish, depicting foot and horse hunters, wild animals, weapons, hunting dogs and birds, were often accompanied by the use of ancient Russian ornamental elements handwritten books(in the first two volumes of the publication).

A separate group of illustrations is a suite of drawings by N. Samokish for L. May’s poem “The Deliverer,” dedicated to the hunt of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. These illustrations are a combination of graphic drawings, ornamental frames and the text of the poem, written in an ancient semi-character. In this original way - “text within text” - the part of the 2nd volume devoted to notes is illustrated. It is known that “The Deliverer,” illustrated by N.S. Samokish, was also published as a separate publication.

N.I. Kutepov was not only the author, but also the publisher of his historical work. He invited famous Russian artists to illustrate the book, conducted creative and organizational correspondence with them (for example, discussed subjects for illustrations, negotiated the amount of fees, etc.), made the final selection of works for reproduction together with G.I. Frank, was was aware of the contents of all stages of the publishing and printing process in the Expedition, and subsequently resolved issues regarding the distribution of the book.

Four volumes of "The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'", as is known, were published in 1896, 1898, 1902 and 1911, respectively. The reason why almost ten years passed between the publication of the 3rd and 4th volumes we learn from letters from the wife of Nikolai Ivanovich Kutepov - Elena Andreevna Kutepova - to the artist A.N. Benois, who took part in illustrating volumes III and IV of “The Tsar’s Hunt in Rus'” (letter in a mourning frame):

"Dear Alexander Nikolaevich, you, of course, know about the terrible grief that befell me, Nikolai Ivanovich passed away, he died suddenly on December 23 (29-?-unintelligible) December. - The work of his IV volume will not stop and I will be allowed to finish it and publish IV volume. So I ask you to continue your work and if you need anything - any information, contact me - since I am aware of all the work of my late husband"(GRM, f. 137, storage unit N 1120/1, January 25, 1908)

By the elegance of the design (purple binding with gold embossing, designed by N.S. Samokish in the Empire style, gilded edge, polychrome insert illustrations, silk ribbon) last volume"The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'", published with the participation of E.A. Kutepova, was in no way inferior to its "predecessors". From her letters to A.N. Benois, we learn that she discussed the artists’ drawings for the 4th volume directly with Emperor Nicholas II: “ ...I was waiting for a letter from G.I. Frank, where, at my request, he would inform me that he received the painting from you, but before my return to St. Petersburg he would not reproduce it, since I had not yet painted the painting I saw it and maybe I will find it necessary to show it to His Majesty, as I do with all the paintings that I received after the death of my husband"(GRM, f. 137, storage unit N 1120/3, July 22, 1908)

The last volume of "The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'" ends description of hunts at the court of Alexander II, with the reproduction of a significant number of sketches from life artist M. Zichy, who repeatedly accompanied the emperor on his trips. Illness and death prevented N.I. Kutepov to highlight that period of imperial hunts, in which he himself was a direct participant and organizer - the period of the reign of Alexander III. Perhaps this material would make up the final, 5th volume of the deluxe edition.

The appearance of each new volume of "The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'" was accompanied by responses in the press, of which the greatest historical and book interest are reviews published in the journal "Historical Bulletin": reviews of P. Polevoy on the 1st and 2nd volumes (1896 .- T. LXIV, May.- P.676-678; 1899 .- T.XXU, February.- P.683-687) and review by S. Shubinsky of the 3rd volume (1903 .- T.XC1, March.- pp. 1136-1137).

The publication by N.I. Kutepov was exhibited at several exhibitions, the most representative of which were: the exhibition "Art in Books and Posters", held as part of the All-Russian Congress of Artists in St. Petersburg in December 1911 - January 1912. (the 3rd volume of the edition was shown), and International exhibition printing and graphics in Leipzig, 1914. (all 4 volumes were exhibited).

"The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'" was published in several binding options: - in full leather binding, with 84-karat silver corners in the shape of double-headed eagles on the front cover (except for the 4th volume, which had no corners), with a triple gilded edge, in a dust jacket matching the color of the binding with a double-headed eagle embossed in gold (this option was presumably intended as a gift to high-ranking officials). In similar copies there were fabric endpapers, as, for example, in a copy of the 4th volume from the library of Nicholas II (State Hermitage)
– flyleaf and nachsatz moire, on the flyleaf
– gold-embossed emperor’s monogram;
- bound in calico with a leather spine, with a triple gilded edge, with paper endpapers designed by N.S. Samokish (a similar version was prepared for retail sale; for example, in the stores of the State Paper Procurement Expedition and the M.O. Wolf Partnership the book could be purchased at a price of 50 rubles per volume).

In addition, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. - during the heyday of bibliophilia - they could not help but release numbered copies of such a wonderful publication, using the most expensive materials and in special cases, lined with fabric on the inside. The numbers were listed on title page volumes, preceding the table of contents, as well as on the label of the case; In total there were, apparently, no less than 150 numbered copies (the maximum encountered was No. 137).

The circulation of "The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'" was apparently small due to the significant material costs of publishing the "royal books" High Quality", as N.I. Kutepov called his brainchild. This explains the fact that in the modern antique and second-hand book market, "The Tsar's Hunt in Rus'", especially its complete set, is extremely rare.