The influence of the Moon on the earthly world exists, but it is not pronounced. It is almost impossible to see it. The only phenomenon that visibly demonstrates the effect of the moon's gravity is the effect of the moon on the tides. Our ancient ancestors associated them with the Moon. And they were absolutely right.
How does the moon affect the tides
The tides are so strong in some places that the water recedes hundreds of meters from the coast, exposing the bottom, where the peoples living on the coast collected seafood. But with inexorable precision, the water receding from the shore rolls again. If you do not know how often the tides occur, you can be far from the coast and even die under the advancing water mass. The coastal peoples perfectly knew the timetable for the arrival and departure of the waters.
This phenomenon occurs twice a day. Moreover, ebbs and flows exist not only in the seas and oceans. All water sources are influenced by the moon. But far from the seas, this is almost imperceptible: sometimes the water rises a little, then it falls a little.
The influence of the moon on liquids
Fluid is the only natural element that moves behind the moon, making oscillations. A stone or a house cannot be attracted to the moon because they have a solid structure. The malleable and plastic water clearly demonstrates the effect of the lunar mass.
What happens during high tide or low tide? How does the moon raise water? The Moon most strongly affects the waters of the seas and oceans from that side of the Earth, which at the moment is directly facing it.
If you look at the Earth at this moment, you can see how the Moon draws the waters of the oceans towards itself, lifts them, and the water column swells, forming a “hump”, or rather, two “humps” appear - high from the side where the Moon is located , and less pronounced on the opposite side.
"Humps" precisely follow the movement of the Moon around the Earth. Since the world ocean is a single whole and the waters in it communicate, the humps move from the coast, then to the coast. Since the Moon passes twice through points located at a distance of 180 degrees from each other, we observe two high tides and two low tides.
Ebb and flow according to the phases of the moon
- The greatest ebb and flow occur on the ocean shores. In our country - on the shores of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans.
- Less significant tides are characteristic of inland seas.
- Even weaker this phenomenon is observed in lakes or rivers.
- But even on the shores of the oceans, the tides are stronger at one time of the year and weaker at another. This is already connected with the remoteness of the Moon from the Earth.
- The closer the Moon is to the surface of our planet, the stronger the ebbs and flows will be. The further - the, naturally, weaker.
Water masses are influenced not only by the Moon, but also by the Sun. Only the distance from the Earth to the Sun is much greater, so we do not notice its gravitational activity. But it has long been known that sometimes the tides become very strong. This happens whenever there is a new moon or a full moon.
This is where the power of the Sun comes into play. At this moment, all three planets - the Moon, the Earth and the Sun - line up in a straight line. Two forces of attraction already act on the Earth - both the Moon and the Sun.
Naturally, the height of the rise and fall of the waters increases. The strongest will be the combined influence of the Moon and the Sun, when both planets are on the same side of the Earth, that is, when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. And more water will rise from the side of the Earth facing the Moon.
This amazing property of the Moon is used by people to get free energy. On the shores of the seas and oceans, tidal hydroelectric power stations are now being built, which generate electricity thanks to the "work" of the moon. Tidal hydroelectric power plants are considered the most environmentally friendly. They act according to natural rhythms and do not pollute the environment.
Most of the volume of outer space is emptiness. But here and there, spherical clumps of matter - planets, moons, stars - rush past each other in a gigantic dance.
While doing their cosmic steps, they act on each other by the force of gravity, causing the oceanic waters to swell on the surfaces of the planets. Gravity is the gravitational force acting between all material objects without exception.
What are ebbs and flows?
Ocean tides are regular rises and falls in the water level of the World Ocean in response to gravitational influences, that is, to the forces of attraction. When the waters of the ocean rise to their highest point, which happens every 13 hours, it is called high tide. When the water drops to its lowest point, it is called low tide. If you come to relax on a sea beach at high tide, you observe the effect of worlds rushing past the Earth in the eternal darkness of space.
What causes hot flashes?
The sun, moon and other bodies of the solar system affect the water and land of the Earth by the force of their gravity. But only the Moon and the Sun have practical influence. The sun, although very far away (149 million kilometers), is so massive that its gravitational force is strong.
Interesting fact: the pull of the moon is the force that causes ocean tides.
The moon is very small (its mass is 1/81 of the mass of the Earth), but it has a pronounced gravitational effect on the Earth due to its close distance from it (380,000 kilometers).
Interesting fact: when the sun, moon, and earth are in a line, that is, on a new moon, the tides are especially strong.
Despite the strong gravity of the huge Sun, the small Moon, due to its proximity to the Earth, has a much greater influence on the tides. In addition, the force of gravity of the moon varies markedly from area to area of the earth's surface. These changes are due to different distances of different parts of the earth's surface from the moon at any given time.
Ebb and flow, as it is believed today, are caused by the attraction of the moon. So, the Earth turns to the satellite one way or another, the Moon attracts this water to itself - that's the tides. In the area where the water leaves - low tides. The earth rotates, ebbs and flows follow each other. Here is such a lunar theory, in which everything is fine except for a number of unexplained facts.
For example, did you know that the Mediterranean Sea is considered tidal, but near Venice and on the Evrikos Strait in eastern Greece, the tides are up to one meter or more. It is considered one of the mysteries of nature. However, Italian physicists have discovered in the east of the Mediterranean Sea, at a depth of more than three kilometers, a chain of underwater whirlpools, ten kilometers in diameter each. An interesting coincidence of anomalous tides and whirlpools, isn't it?
A regularity has been noticed, where there are whirlpools, in the oceans, seas and lakes, there are ebbs and flows, and where there are no whirlpools, there are no tides ... space, regardless of the rotation of the earth.
If you look at the earth from the side of the Sun, whirlpools, rotating together with the Earth, overturn twice a day, as a result of which the axis of the whirlpools precesses (1-2 degrees) and creates a tidal wave, which is the cause of the tides, and the vertical movement of ocean waters .
Top precession
Giant ocean whirlpool
The Mediterranean Sea is considered tidal, but near Venice and on the Evrykos Strait in eastern Greece, the tides are up to one meter or more. And this is considered one of the mysteries of nature, but at the same time, Italian physicists discovered in the east of the Mediterranean Sea, at a depth of more than three kilometers, a chain of underwater whirlpools, ten kilometers in diameter each. From this we can conclude that along the coast of Venice, at a depth of several kilometers, there is a chain of underwater whirlpools.
If in the Black Sea, the water rotated as in the White Sea, then the ebbs and flows would be more significant. If the bay is flooded by a tidal wave and the wave twists there, then the tides in this case are higher ... The place of whirlpools, and atmospheric cyclones and anticyclones in science, at the junction of oceanology, meteorology, and celestial mechanics studying gyroscopes. The behavior of atmospheric cyclones and anticyclones, I believe, is similar to the behavior of whirlpools in the oceans.
To test this idea, on the globe, where the whirlpool is located, I fixed the fan, instead of the blades, I inserted metal balls on springs. I turned on the fan (whirlpool) simultaneously rotating the globe both around the axis and around the Sun, and got an imitation of the ebb and flow.
The attractiveness of this hypothesis is that it is quite convincingly tested by a whirlpool fan attached to the globe. The sensitivity of the whirlpool gyroscope is so high that the globe has to be rotated extremely slowly (one revolution in 5 minutes). And if a whirlpool gyroscope is installed on a globe, at the mouth of the Amazon River, then without a doubt, it will show the exact mechanics of the ebb and flow of the Amazon River. When only the globe rotates around its axis, the gyroscope-whirlpool tilts in one direction and stands still, and if the globe is moved in orbit, the whirlpool-horoscope begins to oscillate (precess) and gives two high and low tides per day.
Doubts about the presence of precession in whirlpools, as a result of slow rotation, are removed by the high speed of overturning whirlpools, in 12 hours .. And do not forget that the orbital speed of the earth is thirty times greater than the orbital speed of the moon.
The experience with the globe is more convincing than the theoretical description of the hypothesis. The drift of whirlpools is also associated with the effect of the gyroscope-whirlpool, and depending on which hemisphere the whirlpool is located in, and in which direction the whirlpool rotates around its axis, the direction of whirlpool drift depends.
floppy disk
Tipping gyroscope
Experience with a gyroscope
Oceanologists in the middle of the ocean are not actually measuring the height of the tidal wave, but the wave created by the gyroscopic effect of the whirlpool created by precession, the whirlpool's axis of rotation. And only whirlpools can explain the presence of a tidal hump on the opposite side of the earth. There is no fuss in nature, and if whirlpools exist, then they have a purpose in nature, and this purpose, I believe, is the vertical and horizontal mixing of ocean waters, to equalize the temperature and oxygen content in the world's oceans.
And lunar tides, if they existed, would not mix the ocean waters. Whirlpools, to some extent, keep the oceans from silting up. If a couple of billion years ago, the earth really rotated faster, then the whirlpools were more active. The Mariana Trench and the Mariana Islands, I believe the result of the whirlpool.
The tide calendar existed long before the discovery of the tidal wave. As existed, and the usual calendar, before Ptolemy, and after Ptolemy, and before Copernicus, and after Copernicus. Today there are incomprehensible questions about the characteristics of the tides. So, in some places (the South China Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Mexico and the Gulf of Thailand) there is only one high tide per day. In a number of regions of the Earth (for example, in the Indian Ocean), there is either one or two high tides a day.
500 years ago, when the idea of ebbs and flows was being formed, thinkers did not have enough technical means to test this idea, and little was known about the whirlpools in the oceans. And today, this idea, with its attractiveness and plausibility, is so ingrained in the minds of the public and thinkers that it will not be easy to abandon it.
Why, every year and every decade, on the same calendar day (for example, the first of May) in the mouths of rivers and bays, there is no identical tidal wave? I believe the whirlpools that are in the mouths of rivers and bays drift and change their size.
And if the cause of the tidal wave was the gravity of the moon, the height of the tides would not change for thousands of years. There is an opinion that a tidal wave moving from east to west is created by the attraction of the moon, and the wave floods the bays and estuaries. But why, the mouth of the Amazon floods well, and La Plata Bay, which is located south of the Amazon, does not flood very well, although La Plata Bay should flood more than the Amazon in all respects.
I suppose a tidal wave at the mouth of the Amazon is created by one whirlpool, and for the neck of La Plata a tidal wave is created by another whirlpool, less powerful (diameter, height, revolutions).
Maelstrom of the Amazon
A tidal wave crashes into the Amazon at a speed of about 20 kilometers per hour, the wave height is about five meters, the wave width is ten kilometers. These settings are more suitable for the tidal wave created by the precession of a whirlpool. And if it were a lunar tidal wave, then it would crash at a speed of several hundred kilometers per hour, and the width of the wave would be about a thousand kilometers.
It is believed that if the depth of the ocean was 20 kilometers, then the lunar wave would move as it should be 1600 km / h, they say that the shallow ocean interferes with it. And now it crashes into the Amazon at a speed of 20 km/h, and into the Fuchunjiang River at a speed of 40 km/h. I guess the math is questionable.
And if the Moon wave moves so slowly, then why in the pictures and animations the tidal hump is always directed towards the Moon, the Moon rotates much faster. And it is not clear why, the water pressure does not change, under the tidal hump, at the bottom of the ocean ... There are zones in the oceans where there are no ebbs and flows at all (amphidromic points).
amphidromic point
M2 tide, tide height shown in color. White lines are cotidal lines with a phase interval of 30°. Amphidromic points are dark blue areas where white lines converge. Arrows around these points show the direction of "running around".An amphidromic point is a point in the ocean where the amplitude of the tidal wave is zero. The height of the tide increases with distance from the amphidromic point. Sometimes these points are called tidal nodes: the tidal wave "runs" around this point clockwise or counterclockwise. The cotidal lines converge at these points. Amphidromic points arise due to the interference of the primary tidal wave and its reflections from the coastline and underwater obstacles. The Coriolis force also contributes.
Although for a tidal wave, they are in a convenient zone, I believe in these zones the whirlpools rotate extremely slowly. It is believed that the maximum tides occur in the new moon, for the reason that the Moon and the Sun exert gravity on the Earth in the same direction.
For reference: a gyroscope is a device that, due to rotation, reacts differently to external forces than a stationary object. The simplest gyroscope is the top. By spinning the top on a horizontal surface and tilting the surface, you will notice that the top retains horizontal torsion.
But on the other hand, in the new moon, the orbital speed of the earth is maximum, and in the full moon, it is minimum, and the question arises which of the reasons is the key. The distance from the earth to the moon is 30 diameters of the earth, the approach and removal of the moon from the earth is 10 percent, this can be compared by taking a cobblestone and a pebble on outstretched hands, and bringing them closer and further away by 10 percent, are tides possible with such mathematics. It is believed that in the new moon, the continents run into a tidal hump, at a speed of about 1600 kilometers an hour, is this possible.
There is an opinion that tidal forces have stopped the rotation of the moon, and now it rotates synchronously. But there are more than three hundred known satellites, and why they all stopped at the same time, and where did the force that rotated the satellites go ... The gravitational force between the Sun and the Earth does not depend on the orbital speed of the Earth, and the centrifugal force depends on the orbital speed of the Earth, and this fact cannot be the cause of the Lunar ebb and flow.
Calling the tides, the phenomenon of horizontal and vertical movement of ocean waters, is not entirely true, for the reason that most whirlpools do not contact the ocean coastline ... If you look at the Earth from the side of the Sun, whirlpools that are located in the midnight and noon side of the earth more active, as they are in the zone of relative motion.
And when the whirlpool enters the zone of sunset and dawn and becomes an edge to the Sun, then the whirlpool falls into the power of the Coriolis forces and subsides. In the new moon, the tides increase and ebb for the reason that the orbital speed of the earth is maximum ...
Material sent by the author: Yusup Khizirov
The level of the surface of the oceans and seas periodically, approximately twice a day, changes. These fluctuations are called ebbs and flows. At high tide, the ocean level gradually rises and reaches its highest position. At low tide, the level gradually drops to the lowest. At high tide, water flows towards the shores; at low tide, it flows away from the shores.
Ebb and flow are standing tides. They are formed as a result of the influence of such cosmic bodies as the Sun. According to the laws of interaction of cosmic bodies, our planet and the Moon mutually attract each other. The lunar attraction is so strong that the surface of the ocean seems to curve towards it. The moon moves around the Earth, and a tidal wave “runs” across the ocean behind it. A wave will reach the shore - that's the tide. A little time will pass, the water, following the Moon, will move away from the shore - that's the ebb. According to the same universal cosmic laws, ebbs and flows are also formed from the attraction of the Sun. However, the tide-forming force of the Sun, due to its remoteness, is much less than the lunar one, and if there were no Moon, then the tides on Earth would be 2.17 times less. The explanation of tidal forces was first given by Newton.
Tides vary in duration and magnitude. Most often during the day there are two high and two low tides. On the arcs and coasts of Eastern and Central America, there is one high tide and one low tide during the day.
The magnitude of the tides is even more varied than their period. Theoretically, one lunar tide is 0.53 m, solar - 0.24 m. Thus, the largest tide should have a height of 0.77 m. In the open ocean and near the islands, the tide is quite close to theoretical: in the Hawaiian Islands - 1 m , on the island of St. Helena - 1.1 m; on the islands - 1.7 m. On the continents, the tide ranges from 1.5 to 2 m. In the inland seas, the tides are very small: - 13 cm, - 4.8 cm. It is considered tideless, but near Venice, tides are up to 1 m. The largest can be noted the following tides recorded in:
In the Bay of Fundy (), the tide reached a height of 16-17 m. This is the largest tide indicator on the entire globe.
In the north, in the Penzhina Bay, the tide height reached 12-14 m. This is the largest tide off the coast of Russia. However, the above tide figures are the exception rather than the rule. At the vast majority of tide level measurement points, they are small and rarely exceed 2 m.
The significance of the tides is very great for maritime navigation and port facilities. Each tidal wave carries a huge amount of energy.
Ebb and flow are natural phenomena that many people have heard and observed, especially those living on the coast of the sea or ocean. What are ebbs and flows, what power lies in them, why they arise, read in the article.
The meaning of the word "tide"
According to the explanatory dictionary of Efremova, the tide is a natural phenomenon when the level of the open sea rises, that is, it rises, and this is periodically repeated. What does tide mean? According to Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary, a tide is a tributary, an accumulation of a moving one.
Tide - what is it?
This is a natural phenomenon when the water level in the ocean, sea or other body of water regularly rises and falls. What is a tide? This is a response to the influence of gravitational forces, that is, the forces of attraction possessed by the Sun, Moon and other tidal forces.
What is a tide? This is the rise of water in the ocean to its highest level, which occurs every 13 hours. Low tide is the reverse phenomenon in which the water in the ocean falls to its lowest level.
Ebb and flow - what is it? This is a fluctuation in the water level that occurs periodically vertically. This natural phenomenon, ebbs and flows, occurs because the position of the Sun and Moon relative to the Earth changes along with the rotational effects of the Earth and the features of the relief.
Where do the tides and tides occur?
These natural phenomena are observed in almost all seas. They are expressed in a periodic increase and decrease in the water level. There are tides on opposite sides of the Earth, which lie next to the line directed towards the Sun and Moon. The formation of a hump on one side of the Earth is influenced by the direct attraction of celestial bodies, and on the other - their least attraction. Since the Earth rotates, two high tides and the same number of low tides are observed at each point near the seashore in one day.
The tides are not the same. The movement of water masses and the level to which water rises in the sea depend on many factors. This is the latitude of the area, the outline of the land, atmospheric pressure, wind strength and much more.
Varieties
High and low tides are classified according to the duration of the cycle. They are:
- Semi-daily, when two high tides and two low tides occur per day, that is, the transformation of the space of water in the ocean or on the sea consists in full and incomplete waters. The parameters of the amplitudes, which alternate with each other, practically do not differ. They look like a curved sinusoidal line and are localized in the waters of such a sea as the Barents Sea, off the coast of the White Sea, and are distributed almost throughout the entire territory of the Atlantic Ocean.
- per diem- characterized by one high tide and the same number of low tides during the day. Such natural phenomena are also observed in the Pacific Ocean, but very rarely. So, if the Earth's satellite passes through the equatorial zone, standing water is observed. But if there is a declination of the Moon with the smallest indicator, tides of low power are observed, which have an equatorial character. If the numbers are higher, tropical tides are formed, accompanied by significant force.
- mixed when semidiurnal or diurnal tides with an irregular configuration predominate in height. For example, in semidiurnal changes in the level of the hydrosphere, there is a similarity with semidiurnal tides in many ways, and in diurnal changes with tides of the same time, that is, diurnal, which depend on the degree with which the Moon inclines in a given period of time. Mixed tides are more common in the Pacific Ocean.
- Abnormal tides- are characterized by rises and falls of water that do not fit any description on various grounds. The anomaly has a direct connection with shallow water, as a result of which the cycle itself of both the rise and fall of water changes. This process especially affects the mouth of rivers. Here the tides are shorter than the tides. Similar cataclysms characterize certain sections of the English Channel, as well as the currents of the White Sea.
However, the tides are practically not noticeable in the seas, which are called inland, that is, separated from the ocean by straits, narrow in width.
What generates tides?
If the forces of gravity and inertia are violated, tides arise on the Earth. The natural phenomenon of tides is more pronounced near the ocean shores. Here, twice a day, to varying degrees, the water level rises and falls the same number of times. This happens because humps form on the surface of two opposite areas of the ocean. Their position is determined depending on the position of the Moon and the Sun.
Moon influence
The moon has a greater influence on the occurrence of tides than the sun. As a result of numerous studies, it was found that the point on the earth's surface closest to the moon is affected by external factors by 6% more than the most distant one. In this regard, scientists have concluded that due to this delimitation of forces, the Earth is moving apart in the direction of such a trajectory as the Moon-Earth.
Taking into account the fact that the Earth rotates around its axis in one day, a double tidal wave during this time passes along the created extension, more precisely, its perimeter, twice. As a result of this process, double "valleys" are created. Their height in the World Ocean reaches a two-meter mark, and on land - 40-43 centimeters, so for the inhabitants of the planet this phenomenon goes unnoticed. We do not feel the power of the tides, no matter where we are: on land or on water. Although a person is familiar with a similar phenomenon, observing it on the coastline. Sea or ocean waters sometimes gain a sufficiently large height by inertia, then we see waves rolling ashore - this is a tide. When they roll back, the tide is out.
Influence of the Sun
The main star of the solar system is located far from the Earth. For this reason, its impact on our planet is little noticeable. The sun is more massive than the moon, if we consider these celestial bodies as sources of energy. But a large distance between the luminary and the Earth affects the amplitude of solar tides, it is two times less than similar processes on the Moon. When there is a full moon and the moon is growing, the celestial bodies - the Sun, Earth and Moon - have the same location, as a result of which the solar and lunar tides add up. The sun has little effect on the tides during the period when gravitational forces from the Earth go in two directions: towards the Moon and the Sun. At this time, the tide rises and the tide falls.
Land on the planet covers 30% of the surface. The rest is covered by oceans and seas, which are associated with many mysteries and natural phenomena. One of them is the so-called red tide. This phenomenon is amazing in its beauty. It is observed off the coast of the Gulf of Florida and is considered the largest, especially in such summer months as June or July. How often a red tide can be observed depends on a banal reason - human pollution of coastal waters. The waves have a rich bright red or orange hue. This is an amazing sight, but admiring it for a long time is dangerous to health.
The fact is that algae give color to the water during flowering. This period is very intensive, plants release a large amount of toxins and chemicals. They do not completely dissolve in water, some of them are released into the air. These substances are very harmful to plants, animals, seabirds. Often people suffer from them. Especially dangerous for humans are molluscs, which were caught from the "red tide" zone. A person, using them, gets severe poisoning, often leading to death. The fact is that the level of oxygen during the tide goes down, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide appear in the water. They are the cause of poisoning.
What are the highest tides in the world?
If the shape of the bay is funnel-shaped, when a tidal wave enters it, the shores are compressed. Because of this, the height of the tide increases. Thus, the height of the tidal wave off the eastern coast of North America, namely in the Bay of Fundy, reaches approximately 18 meters. In Europe, Brittany, near Saint-Malo, has the highest tides (13.5 meters).
How do high and low tides affect the inhabitants of the planet?
Marine inhabitants are especially susceptible to these natural phenomena. The tides have the greatest influence on the inhabitants of the waters in the coastal strip. As the level of the earth's water changes, organisms with a sedentary lifestyle develop. These are mollusks, oysters, which the change in the structure of the water element does not prevent from multiplying. This process is much more active during high tides.
But for many organisms, periodic fluctuations in the water level bring suffering. It is especially difficult for animals of small size, many of them completely change their habitat during high tides. Some move closer to the shore, while others, on the contrary, are carried away by the wave deep into the ocean. Nature, of course, coordinates all changes on the planet, but living organisms adapt to the conditions presented by the activity of the Moon, as well as the Sun.
What role do tides play?
What are the ebb and flow, we have dismantled. What is their role in human life? These natural phenomena have a titanic power, which, unfortunately, is currently little used. Although the first attempts in this direction were made in the middle of the last century. In different countries of the world, they began to build hydroelectric power plants using the power of a tidal wave, but so far there are very few of them.
The significance of the tides is also enormous for navigation. It is during their formation that ships enter the river for many kilometers upstream to unload goods. Therefore, it is very important to know when these phenomena will occur, for which special tables are compiled. Ship captains use them to determine the exact time of the onset of tides and their height.
