The growth of the world's population and its mathematical model. Population of the countries of the world Population of the planet in different centuries

Data on the number of countries on the planet can be found on official resources via the Internet, and they are provided by leading analysts of specialized world organizations. Taking this nuance into account, it is worth noting that this information is quite accurate and with its help you can see the whole picture of the population on the globe.

A natural question arises: how is this type of data analyzed? Statistics are compiled through the population census, registration information and other available information sources. Civil and legal acts can be used in their capacity. Maximum accuracy and reliability of data is achieved by mathematical calculation average life expectancy for each individual state. This indicator is also an estimate.

Among other things, we must not overlook the fact that the population on earth is constantly undergoing transformation: countries can arise, disappear or unite. In some territories, it is simply not possible to accurately count citizens. And this is due to the process of their growth and population migration. Until now, the globe has seen such a phenomenon as the emergence and disappearance of new uncontrolled territories.

For example, in Brazil there are entire settlements of unregistered citizens. The same can be said about Bhutan.

About the population density of the countries of the world

An equally important indicator is population density. This value represents the number of inhabitants per 1 square. km. The calculation of the population density of each country in the world is carried out excluding uninhabited territories, as well as minus vast expanses of water. In addition to the general population density, individual indicators can be used for both rural and urban residents.

Considering the above facts, it should be borne in mind that the population on the globe is unevenly distributed. The average density of each country differs quite significantly. In addition, within the states themselves there are many uninhabited territories, or densely populated cities, in which per square meter. km there may be several hundred people.

The most densely populated areas of South and East Asia, as well as the countries Western Europe, while in the Arctic, in deserts, tropics and highlands it is not at all dense. absolutely independent of their population density. When examining the uneven distribution of the population, it is advisable to highlight the following statistics: 7% of the globe’s territory occupies 70% of the total number of people on the planet.

At the same time, the eastern part of the globe occupies 80% of the planet's population.

The main criterion that serves as an indicator of the placement of people is population density. The average value of this indicator per at the moment equals 40 million people per square meter. km. This indicator may vary and is directly dependent on the location of the area. In some territories, its value may be 2 thousand people per square meter. km, and on others - 1 person per sq. km.

It is advisable to highlight the countries with the lowest population density:

• Australia;
• Namibia;
• Libya;
• Mongolia;

Greenland is one of the countries with the lowest population density

And also countries with low density:

• Belgium;
• United Kingdom;
• Korea;
• Lebanon;
• Netherlands;
• El Salvador and a number of other countries.

There are countries with medium population density, among them are:

• Iraq;
• Malaysia;
• Tunisia;
• Mexico;
• Morocco;
• Ireland.

In addition, there are areas on the globe that are classified as unsuitable for life.

As a rule, they represent areas with extreme conditions. Such lands account for approximately 15% of all land.

As for Russia, it belongs to the category of low-populated states, despite the fact that its territory is quite large. The average population density in Russia is 1 person per 1 sq. km.

It is worth noting that the world is constantly undergoing changes, during which there is a decrease in either the birth rate or the death rate. This state of affairs indicates that population density and size will soon remain at approximately the same level.

The largest and smallest countries by area and population

Most big country The world's largest population is China.

The number of people currently in the state is 1.349 billion people.

Next in terms of population is India with a population of 1.22 billion people, then the United States of America: the country is home to 316.6 million people. The next largest country in terms of population belongs to Indonesia: today there are 251.1 million citizens living in the country.

Next comes Brazil with a population of 201 million people, then Pakistan, the number of citizens of which is 193.2 million, Nigeria - 174.5 million, Bangladesh - 163.6 million citizens. Then Russia, with a population of 146 million people and, finally, Japan, whose population is 127.2 million.

For a more detailed understanding of the issue, it is advisable to study statistics regarding the smallest countries in the world by population. In this situation, it will be enough to consider the gradation of several independent states, which also include associated countries. The number of people in countries, in descending order, is as follows:

• Saint Kitts and Nevis with a population of 49 thousand 898 people;
• Liechtenstein, with a population of 35 thousand 870 people;
• San Marino, the number of citizens of the country is 35 thousand 75 people;
• Palau, a state in the Association of the United States of America, whose population is 20 thousand 842 people;
• with a population of 19 thousand 569 people;
• Order of Malta, which consists of 19 thousand 569 people;
• Tuvalu with a population of 10 thousand 544 people;
• Nauru - the population of the country is 9 thousand 322 people;
• Niue is an island with a population of 1 thousand 398 people.

The Vatican is considered to be the smallest state in terms of population.

At the moment, only 836 people live in the country.

Table of population of all countries of the world

The table of the population of the countries of the world looks like this.

The world population is more than 7 billion people. According toThe US Census Bureau's global population exceeded 7 billion on March 12, 2012. According to the UN, the world's population reached 7 billion on October 31, 2011. In June 2013, the UN estimated the world population at approximately 7.2 billion. World population - the total number of people living on Earth.Selective translation (Wikipedia article, internal ss arrows are lowered). The world's population has been growing continuously since the end of the Great Famine of 1315-1317 and the Black Death (plague epidemics) in the 1350s, when the population was about 370 million. The highest rates of population growth (above 1.8% per year) were seen briefly in the 1950s, and for a longer period during the 1960s and 1970s. The growth rate peaked at 2.2% in 1963, then fell to below 1.1% by 2012. Total annual births peaked at the end of 1980 at about 138,000,000, and now remain largely constant at 134,000,000 as of 2011, while deaths stood at 56,000,000 per year and are expected to will rise to 80 million per year by 2040.

Current UN projections show a further increase in population in the near future (with a steady decline in population growth rates), with the global population ranging from 8.3 to 10.9 billion by 2050. Some analysts have questioned the sustainability of continued global population growth, noting growing pressure on environment, global food and energy supplies.

Earth's population by region

Six of Earth's seven continentsconstantly populated in large numbers. Asia is the most populous continent, with 4.2 billion inhabitants - more than 60% of the world's population. The population of the two most populated countries in the world is China and India together they make up about 37% of the world's population. Africa is the second most populous continent, with a population of about 1 billion people, or 15% of the world's population. Europe with a population of 733,000,000 people represents 11% of the world's population, while in countries Latin America And Caribbean The region is home to about 600,000,000 (9%). INNorth America, mainly inUnited States and Canada lives about 352,000,000 (5%), and Oceania - the least populated region, has about 35 million inhabitants (0.5%).

Population in countries around the world today

During the European agricultural and industrial revolutions, the life expectancy of children increased dramatically. From 1700 to 1900, Europe's population increased from 100 million to 400 million. Overall, in 1900 Europe accounted for 36% of the world's population.
Population growth in Western countries accelerated after the introduction of mandatory vaccinations and improvements in medicine and sanitation Following dramatic changes in living conditions and improvements in healthcare during the 19th century, Britain's population began to double every fifty years. by 1801, population of Englandgrew to 8.3 million, and by 1901 it reached 30.5 million, the population of the United Kingdom reached 60 million in 2006.In the US, the population will increase from 5.3 million in 1800 to 106 million in 1920, and will exceed 307 million in 2010.
First half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a series of wars, famines and other disasters, each of which was accompanied by large-scale population losses. Stephen J. Lee estimates that by the end of World War II in 1945, Russia's population was 90 million less than it otherwise would have been. Russia's population has declined significantly in recent decades, from 148 million in 1991 to 143 million in 2012, but as of 2013 this decline appears to have stopped.
In many countries developing world there has been rapid population growth over the last century. China's population has grown from approximately 430 million in 1850 to 580 million in 1953 and currently stands at over 1.3 billion. The population of the Indian subcontinent, which was about 125 million in 1750, reached 389,000,000 in 1941. Today, India and surrounding countries are home to about 1.6 billion people. Java's population has increased from five million in 1815 to more than 130 million at the beginning of the 21st century. Mexico's population grew from 13.6 million in 1900 to 112 million in 2010. During the 1920s-2000s, Kenya's population grew from 2.9 million to 37 million.

Cities ("urban areas") that had at least one million inhabitants in 2006. Only 3% of the world's population lived in cities in 1800, a proportion that rose to 47% by 2000 and was 50.5% in 2010. By 2050, the share could reach 70%.Image Source,

Contents: I. Statistics: 1) The number of inhabitants of the Earth in general and Europe in particular; 2) Population density; 3) Population distribution; 4) Population composition: a) by sex, b) by age, c) by sex and age, d) by sex, age and marital status;… … Encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Population- (population) in demography, the totality of people living on Earth (Earth population) or within a specific territory of a continent, country, region, etc. Population is continuously renewed during reproduction ... Wikipedia

Population of Germany- The population of the Federal Republic of Germany is 81,802,000 people (2009). Germany is the most populous country in the European Union. On May 9, 2011, for the first time since the reunification of Germany, a general population census was carried out. Contents 1... ...Wikipedia

Loire lands- Pays de la Loire ... Wikipedia

Population of the Pskov region- Population of the districts of the Pskov region ... Wikipedia

Population of Udmurtia- The population of the Udmurt Republic, as of October 14, 2010, was 1,521,420 people. Udmurtia ranks 29th in terms of population among the regions Russian Federation. According to preliminary results, for the first time in... ... Wikipedia

Loire lands- (Western Loire, Loire District, Pays de la Loire, fr. Pays de la Loire) region in western France (see France), includes the departments of Mayenne, Sarthe, Maine and Loire, Loire Atlantic and Vendée. The region is located in the lower reaches of the Loire and on the coast... ... Geographical encyclopedia

Population of Trinidad and Tobago- very diverse in composition, which reflects the history of the country’s development. As of July 2008, the state's population was estimated to be 1,231,323. Contents 1 Demographic history ... Wikipedia

Population. Economically active population- Statistics include all employed, unemployed and job seekers for the first time (working population, in accordance with conditionally established age limits, in Latin America... ...

Population. Urbanization- Cities created before European colonization, in the process it was destroyed. The cities founded by the Spaniards and Portuguese had mainly administrative, military, commercial and religious functions. By 1900 in Latin America in cities... ... Encyclopedic reference book "Latin America"

Books

• The population of the steppe interfluve of the Danube and Dniester at the end of the 8th - beginning of the 11th centuries AD. e. Balkan-Danube culture, V.I. Kozlov. The book summarizes information about the Balkan-Danube archaeological culture in the steppe interfluve of the Danube and Dniester, the bearers of which are directly related to the history of the early medieval Bulgarian... Buy for 1555 rubles
• Population of rural societies and the amount of arable allotment land they have. The population of rural communities and the amount of arable allotment land they have according to a survey of 1893 on rural communities of 46 provinces of European Russia. Temporary of the Central Statistical…

The world population is the total number of people living on Earth and continuously renewing their numbers through the process of reproduction. Today the planet is inhabited by more than seven billion people.

According to calculations by a statistician from the Netherlands (Center for Informatics and Mathematics), Peter Grunwald, over the course of the entire history of human development, equal to more than 162 thousand years, more than one hundred and seven and a half billion people were born on Earth. Based on his calculations, it can be assumed that approximately 6% of all people living on the planet before our time are equal to 6.7 billion people living today (2008 data). Grunwald also admits that one cannot be completely sure of the 107.5 billion people born throughout time on Earth, since practically nothing is known about the size of the population and the percentage of birth rates in ancient times. At the same time, the researcher considers it incorrect that some scientists claim that there are currently more people living on Earth than during the entire period of formation of human history.

Based on estimates of the earth's agro-natural potential, the planet is able to feed more than 80 billion people, and within the framework of history, the population could not exceed 100 million people. Before the Neolithic Revolution occurred, the Earth could not support more than 3 million people. The UN has set an approximate population limit of 8 billion, at which point the population of each country will begin to promote the maximum possible birth control, as well as fertility equal to two births per healthy woman.

Demographic forecasts

The most accurate forecast regarding the population size was made by D. Huxley, a biologist from England. Based on his calculations, in 1964 he made a conclusion that the planet's population would reach 6 billion by the year 2000. The UN Foundation announced that by 1999 the number of people living on Earth had reached 6 billion, and in 2011 - seven billion. The UN predicts a significant population decline from 2015 to 2050 for the following countries: Russia, Germany, China, Poland, Romania, Thailand, Ukraine, Serbia, Japan, as well as for the countries of Western, Southeast and East Asia.

General growth trend

The works of many scientists (H. Förster, A.V. Korotaev, S.P. Kapitsa, M. Kremer) say that the increase in the earth's population over the past six thousand years followed the law of hyperbole, that is, the entire increase in human numbers was equal proportional to its square. But, judging by the historical chronicle, the population of the planet throughout its history not only increased sharply, but also became smaller, which was facilitated by destructive wars, long-term conflicts, latest developments in technology and their development. For example, the population of the Middle East has grown at a slow rate over the past 4,000 years (ten times slower than the rest of the planet).

By the beginning of the 60s, the main rate of increase in human numbers began to gradually slow down, and in its place another type of population increase, logistical, appeared. Pace natural increase The number of people populating the world has begun to decline since 1989, which is a consequence of a sharp jump in demographics.

Dynamics of population growth of the entire globe in billions of people from 1000 to 2000 AD

At the beginning of our era, there were already 300 million people living on the planet, by the end of the first millennium - 400 million, 500 million - 1500, one billion - 1820, 1.6 billion - 1900, three billion - 1960, 5.65 billion - 1993 . At the end of October 1999, the number of people inhabiting the globe reached 6 billion people, 6.3 in 2003, 6.5 in 2006, 6.8 in 2010, at the beginning of November 2011 - 7 billion. In 2015, the world population should be more than 7 billion people.

According to the UN forecast, the planet's population will be 8.1 billion people by 2025, 9 billion by 2050, and 10 billion by 2100.

Until the seventies, the number of people inhabiting the Earth grew, according to the law of hyperbole; today the growth rate has noticeably decreased. According to demographic studies, the population is still growing rapidly, despite the fact that its growth has already become half as much as in 1963 (at which time the peak growth rate was reached).

Over the past 11 years (from 1994 to 2015), the number of elderly people has doubled, and throughout the world there are significantly more of them than children under 5 years of age (according to the latest data provided by the UN).

For the first time, during the formation of the entire human history, the number of people living within the city was equal to the number living in villages and villages, which amounted to 3.4 billion. It is also predicted that the largest part of the population living on the globe will be city dwellers, which is confirmed, judging by the latest data.

By 2050, more of the world's population will live in Asia, ¼ in Africa, 8.2% in Latin America, 7.4% in Europe, 4.7% in North America.

The largest country in terms of population is China, but, based on UN forecasts, India will also reach overpopulation by 2025. Until the beginning of 1991, the USSR occupied third place in terms of population; after it collapsed, this place was taken by the USA (at the end of 2006, the population was equal to 300 million people), Indonesia took fourth place, Brazil took fifth place, and Pakistan, seventh - Bangladesh, eighth - Nigeria, ninth - Russia.

According to CIA estimates, in mid-summer 2013 the number of people inhabiting the planet was 7,095,217,980.

Population of planet Earth in 2015

At the beginning of 2014, the UN commission made a statement saying that the world's population had reached 7.2 billion people, and in 2015 the world's population is planned to be about 7.3 - 7.4 billion people.

Population of the countries of the world and Russia in 2015

The main thing in the secular dynamics of the Earth's population was the growth of its numbers, with some fluctuations in individual periods and regions of the world. However, until the end of the 20th century, the growth rate of the population as a whole increased. According to demographers, the population of the Earth in past centuries was (in round numbers):

1000 year. - 250 - 300 million people. 1900 - 1600 - 1650 million people.

1500 - 400 - 450 million people. 1950 - 2500 million people.

1800 - 900 - 950 million people. 2000 - 6060 million people.

Thus, if in the first 500 years of the second millennium the population of the Earth increased by about 1.5 times, then in the second - by 12 times, and only in the last - 20th century - almost 4 times. The acceleration of population growth is well reflected by data on the number of years during which the Earth's population increases by 1 billion inhabitants. Such calculations show that the Earth's population has reached the population size:

1 billion people - in 1820, i.e. over the entire history of its development;

2 billion people - in 1927 - 107 years later,

3 billion people - in 1960 - 33 years later,

4 billion people - in 1974 - 14 years later,

5 billion people - in 1987 - 13 years later,

6 billion people - in 1999 - in 12 years.

As you can see, it took several tens of millennia to accumulate the first billion inhabitants of the Earth, while the 6th billion appeared over the past 12 years.

Thus, the 20th century became the period of the fastest growth in the world's population. The general accumulation of the human mass was stimulated by the entry of everything more countries during a period of dramatically expanded population reproduction - a demographic revolution (Table 1).

Table 1

World population dynamics in the 20th century

The table shows that population growth for every 10 years of the period 1960 - 2000 produced almost as many new inhabitants of the Earth as the entire 19th century produced. At the same time, it is clear that the peak of growth has already passed: after 1970, a gradual decline in growth rates began, and over the last decade (after 1990) the overall population growth has decreased.

The demographic situation varies significantly across regions of the world, each of which has its own development dynamics. General data by region of the world is presented in Table 2.

Table 2

Population of major regions of the world

The table shows that the bulk modern population lives in developing countries; The share of the population of these countries increased from 65% to 80% during the 20th century. If during this period the population developed countries

grew by 2.1 times, then in developing countries - by 4.5 times and amounts to almost 5 billion people compared to 1.2 billion people in developed countries.

Among developing regions, Asia stands out especially, where about 60% of the world's population lives. Africa had the highest growth rate by the end of the 20th century - at 20-25%, which ensures a doubling of the population every 30 years. Latin America, which in the 20th century produced the largest - 8-fold - increase in the number of inhabitants, by the end of the century was already reducing its growth rate to the level of the world average.

Among developed countries, the North maintains the greatest growth. America and Australia, which is supported by the migration of people from other regions here.

Russia's population growth was generally not high and close in rate to the average European rate - both regions experienced catastrophic wars and social cataclysms over the course of a century, the direct and indirect losses from which exceeded 100 million human lives.

Thus, the demographic situation in the 20th century was determined by the demographic revolution, which swept most of the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, which account for the main increase in the world population (Fig. 3). During this period, the population of developed countries grew by 0.6 billion, and developing countries - by 3.8 billion.

Among the countries of the world, the total number of which is about 240, 10 countries with a population of more than 100 million people each stand out. They concentrate more than half of the world's population and determine the prospects for human growth. These countries include (populations as of 2000):

China-1260 Russia-145

India -1020 Pakistan -132

USA-277 Bangladesh-131

Indonesia-206 Japan-127

Brazil -174 Nigeria -124

Thus, developing countries predominate among the largest ones. Among them are 6 Asian countries, including China and India, where a third of the world’s population lives, and one country each on the continents of North and South America, Europe and Africa.