Antarctica is a continent located in the very south of the earth; the center of Antarctica approximately coincides with the south geographic pole. Antarctica is being washed. Antarctica presentation for a geography lesson (grade 7) on the topic Flora and fauna of Antarctica

ANTARCTICA

Geography teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 6

Pereslavl-Zalessky

Antarctica(the opposite of the Arctic) is a continent located in the very south of the Earth, the center of Antarctica approximately coincides with the South Pole. Antarctica is washed by the waters of the Southern Ocean.
The continent's area is about 14,107,000 km² (of which ice shelves - 930,000 km², islands - 75,500 km²).
Antarctica is also called the part of the world consisting of the mainland of Antarctica and adjacent islands.

Antarctica was discovered on January 16, 1820. Russian expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev.

Antarctica is the highest continent on Earth.
The average height of the continent's surface above sea level is more than 2000 m, and in the center of the continent it reaches 4000 meters.
Most of this height is made up of a permanent ice cover of the continent, under which the continental relief is hidden and only 0.3% (about 40 thousand km²) of its area is free from ice.

Relief of Antarctica, taking into account the rise of the earth's crust after the melting of glaciers and rising sea levels

The western part of the continent has complex terrain and large elevation changes.
Here are the highest Mount Vinson (5140 m) and the deepest depression - Bentley Trough -2555 m in Antarctica.

The Bentley Deep in Antarctica is a phenomenally thick layer of ice whose depth is 2,555 m.
This is the lowest point on Earth not covered by an ocean.
Bentley Deep - the size of Mexico, technically covered with water (ice),

The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest on our planet.
It contains ~30 million km³ of ice, that is, 90% of all land ice.
Due to the severity of the ice, the continent subsided by an average of 0.5 km.
The ice sheet in Antarctica contains about 80% of all fresh water on the planet; if it completely melts, the level of the World Ocean will rise by almost 60 meters.

The ice sheet has a dome shape with increasing surface steepness towards the coast, where it is framed in many places by ice shelves.
The average thickness of the ice layer is 2500-2800 m, reaching a maximum value in some areas of East Antarctica - 4800 m.
The continental ice sheet formed no later than 5 million years ago, but more likely 30-35 million years ago.

Antarctica has an extremely harsh cold climate.
In East Antarctica, at the Soviet Antarctic station Vostok, on July 21, 1983, the lowest air temperature on Earth in the entire history of meteorological measurements was recorded: 89.2 degrees below zero.
Average temperatures in the winter months (June, July, August) are from −60 to −75 °C, in the summer months (December, January, February) from −30 to −50 °C.
On the coast in winter from −8 to −35 °C, in summer 0-5 °C.

The winds reach their maximum strength in the Antarctic winter - from April to November they blow almost continuously around the clock, in the summer - only at night or when the Sun is low above the horizon.
In summer, during the daytime, due to the heating of the surface layer of air by the sun, the winds along the coast cease.

In Antarctica there are lakes, and in the summer, rivers.
Thanks to the sun, glaciers melt, and streams of melt water form on the surface of the glacier, merging into rivers and lakes.
The glacier streams and rivers have very winding channels and connect numerous glacier lakes.
The largest is the river. Onyx, more than 20 km long.
Rivers exist only in summer.

In the 1990s, scientists discovered the subglacial non-freezing Lake Vostok - the largest of the Antarctic lakes, having a length of 250 km and a width of 50 km.
The lake holds about 5,400 thousand km³ of water.

Geologists have found that the depths of Antarctica contain a significant amount of minerals - iron ore, coal;
Traces of ores of copper, nickel, lead, zinc, molybdenum, rock crystal, mica, and graphite were found.
Antarctica contains about 80% of the world's fresh water, a shortage of which is already felt in many countries.

Life in Antarctica is represented in four “life arenas”: coastal islands and ice, coastal oases on the mainland and the ice sheet arena.

Plants include flowering plants, ferns, lichens, fungi, bacteria, and algae (in oases). Seals and penguins live on the coast.
Plants and animals are most common in the coastal zone.
Terrestrial vegetation in areas deprived of ice exists mainly in the form of various types of mosses and lichens and does not form a continuous cover.

Currently, at least 70 species of invertebrates have been discovered in Antarctica, 4 species of penguins nest, and the remains of dinosaurs have also been found.
Two species of penguins nest on the mainland itself: the Adelie penguin and the Emperor penguin; the Chinstrap and Subantarctic penguins nest only on the Antarctic Peninsula.
Other birds include several species of petrels, two species of skuas and an Arctic tern.

Dinosaur finds in Antarctica

Ankylosaurus

Hadrosaurus

In the 19th century, several whaling bases existed on the Antarctic Peninsula and surrounding islands. Subsequently, they were all abandoned.
The harsh climate of Antarctica prevents its settlement.
Currently, there is no permanent population in Antarctica; there are several dozen scientific stations where, depending on the season, live from 4,000 people (150 Russian citizens) in the summer and about 1,000 in the winter (about 100 Russian citizens).
In 1978, Antarctica's first man was born at the Esperanza station in Argentina.

In total, there are about 45 year-round scientific stations in Antarctica.
Currently, Russia has seven operating stations and one field base in Antarctica.

Ice sheets provide information about the Earth's climate hundreds, thousands, hundreds of thousands of years ago.
The Antarctic ice sheet “records” data on the climate and composition of the atmosphere over the last hundred thousand years.
The chemical composition of different layers of ice determines the level of solar activity over the past several centuries.

At Antarctic bases, technologies and equipment are being tested, which in the future are planned to be used for the exploration, development and colonization of other planets in the solar system.

In accordance with the Antarctic Convention, signed on December 1, 1959 and entered into force on June 23, 1061, Antarctica does not belong to any state. Only scientific activities are permitted.
The deployment of military facilities, as well as the entry of warships and armed vessels south of 60 degrees south latitude are prohibited.
In the 1980s, Antarctica was also declared a nuclear-free zone, which excluded the appearance of nuclear-powered ships in its waters, and nuclear power units on the mainland.
Currently, 28 states are parties to the treaty.

Antarctica is a continent located in the very south of the Earth; the center of Antarctica approximately coincides with the southern geographic pole. Antarctica is washed by the waters of the Southern Ocean. The area of Antarctica is about 14 million km², which is 2 times larger than Australia. Together with Antarctica, it is a world nature reserve.

They were the first to enter the continental part on January 24, 1895, the captain of the Norwegian ship “Antarctic” Christensen and natural science teacher Karsten Borchgrevink. The first wintering on the mainland took place in 1899. The South Magnetic Pole was reached on January 16, 1909, and the Geographic South Pole on December 14, 1911. American expeditions took aerial photographs of Antarctica. The creation of research stations in different countries began, and coordinated international research began in 1955. The first Soviet station, Mirny, began operation on February 13, 1956. Peter I Island off the coast of Antarctica. Drawing of a member of the Bellingshausen expedition

Antarctica is the highest continent on Earth; the average height of the continent's surface above sea level is more than 2000 m, and in the center of the continent it reaches 4000 meters. 99% of the continent's height is made up of a permanent ice cover of the continent, under which the continental relief is hidden, only less than 1% of its area is free from ice.

Ice sheet The Antarctic ice sheet is the largest on our planet and is 10 times larger in area than the Greenland ice sheet. It contains 90% of all land ice. The ice sheet in Antarctica contains about 80% of all fresh water on the planet; if it completely melts, the level of the World Ocean will rise by almost 60 meters (if the Greenland ice sheet melted, the sea level would rise by 8 meters). Due to the constant accumulation of ice, it breaks off in the form of icebergs.

Subglacial relief Modern research methods have made it possible to obtain a clear picture of the subglacial relief of the continent. Mountain ranges and massifs were discovered under the glacial shell. Along the Antarctic Peninsula and the western edge of the continent stretch mountains that serve as a continuation of the Andes of South America. At the edge of the mainland, the active volcano Erebus rises - a witness to active mountain-building processes in this area. Another name for it is “the volcano guarding the path to the South Pole.”

Minerals Antarctica is rich in a variety of minerals: coal, oil, iron ore, mica, copper, uranium, lead, zinc, graphite, etc. The first coal deposits were discovered by the British back in 1909. Mineral exploration is fraught with great difficulties, so we can say with confidence that huge reserves of raw materials still remain undiscovered. The extraction of these resources also poses great difficulties due to the region’s remoteness from the main consumers. Currently, any resource extraction in Antarctica is prohibited until 2048.

Climate Antarctica has an extremely harsh cold climate. On July 21, 1983, the lowest air temperature on Earth in the entire history of meteorological measurements was recorded: 89.2 degrees below zero. The area is considered the Earth's pole of cold. A peculiarity of the meteorology of East Antarctica is the katabatic winds caused by its dome-shaped topography. These sustained southerly winds originate on the steep slopes of the ice sheet and flow down the slope. Average temperatures in winter months are from -60 to -70 °C, in summer from -30 to -50 °C; on the coast in winter from -8 to -35 °C, in summer 0-5 °C. Very strong winds are frequent. The surface of the continent receives a huge amount of solar radiation and in summer it is impossible to go outside without sunglasses.

Inland waters Average annual, and in most areas, summer temperatures in Antarctica do not exceed zero degrees, precipitation there falls only in the form of snow (rain is an extremely rare occurrence). Despite this, there are lakes in Antarctica, and in the summer, rivers. Thanks to intense solar radiation, glaciers melt even at slightly negative air temperatures. With the onset of autumn frosts, river flow stops. Antarctic lakes are almost always covered with a thick layer of ice. Due to the high concentration of impurities, they freeze only at very low temperatures. Antarctic lakes are small, only some of them are larger than 10 km² (Lake Vanda, Lake Figurnoe). The deepest lake is Radok, its depth reaches 346 m. In the 1990s, Russian scientists discovered the subglacial non-freezing Lake Vostok, the largest of the Antarctic lakes, with a length of 250 km and a width of 50 km. In total, as of 2007, more than 140 subglacial lakes were discovered in Antarctica.

Organic World Antarctic animals are entirely dependent on the coastal ecosystem of the Southern Ocean: due to the paucity of vegetation, all important food chains of coastal ecosystems begin in the waters surrounding Antarctica. Many plant species are endemic, due to the centuries-old isolation of the continent. In 1994, scientists reported a rapid increase in the number of plants in Antarctica, which seems to confirm the hypothesis of global warming of the planet.

From the middle of the 20th century, the study of Antarctica began on an industrial basis. On the continent, various countries are creating numerous permanent bases that conduct meteorological, glaciological (for studying ice) and geological research all year round. Russian Vostok station

Population The harsh climate of Antarctica prevents its settlement. Currently, there is no permanent population in Antarctica; the number of employees at scientific bases is, depending on the season, 4,000 people (150 Russian citizens) in the summer and about 1,000 in the winter (about 100 Russian citizens). It's cold there though

Status of Antarctica According to the Antarctic Treaty of December 1, 1959, both Antarctica as a whole and the Antarctic continent itself cannot belong to any state, are used only for peaceful purposes, their researchers have access to any point in Antarctica and the right of access to information obtained by researchers other countries. Compliance with the provisions of the treaty is monitored by the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, which includes representatives of 45 states. The placement of military facilities, as well as the entry of warships and armed vessels south of 60 degrees south latitude are prohibited. In the 1980s, Antarctica was also declared a nuclear-free zone, which excluded the appearance of nuclear-powered ships in its waters and nuclear power units on the mainland. The territorial claims of some countries are enormous. For example, Norway claims territory ten times larger than its own (including the island of Peter I, discovered by Bellingshausen Lazarev's expedition). Great Britain declared huge territories as its own. Australia considers almost half of Antarctica its own, into which, however, the “French” Adélie Land is wedged. New Zealand also made territorial claims. Great Britain, Chile and Argentina. The United States and Russia took a special position, declaring that in principle they could put forward their territorial claims in Antarctica, although they have not yet done so. Moreover, both states do not recognize the claims of other countries. Several virtual states have also “registered” on the territory of Antarctica. Part of the mainland is claimed by the Dominion of Melchizedek. The Madrid Protocol of 1991 prohibits industrial activities and mining in Antarctica. There is practically no economic activity in Antarctica today. The exception is offshore fishing and tourism.

Prospects for the development of Antarctica: Antarctica is the last resource reserve of humanity, this is the last place where humanity will be able to extract mineral raw materials after it has been exhausted on the five inhabited continents. Observations of climatic and meteorological processes on the continent, which, like the Gulf Stream in the Northern Hemisphere, is a climate-forming factor for the entire Earth. Antarctica contains about 80% of the world's fresh water reserves. In Antarctica, the effects of space and the processes occurring in the earth's crust are studied. Glaciology, which studies the ice sheet, is already bringing serious scientific results today, informing us about what the Earth was like a hundred, thousand, hundreds of thousands of years ago, and also allows us to see and study microorganisms that lived millions of years ago. Antarctic bases provide the opportunity to monitor seismological activity throughout the planet. Technologies for the exploration, development and colonization of the Moon and Mars are being tested at Antarctic bases.

Russia in Antarctica In total, there are about 45 year-round scientific stations in Antarctica. Currently, Russia has five operating stations and one field base in Antarctica. Permanently active: Bellingshausen Mirny Novolazarevskaya Vostok Progress Marine detachment Mothballed: Youth Druzhnaya-4 Leningrad Russian Union

Orthodox Church The first Orthodox church in Antarctica was built on Waterloo Island (South Shetland Islands) near the Russian Bellingshausen station with the blessing of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II. They collected it in Altai, and then transported it to the icy continent on the scientific vessel Akademik Vavilov. The fifteen-meter high temple was built from cedar and larch. It can accommodate up to 30 people. The Church of the Holy Trinity is considered the southernmost Orthodox church in the world. To the south is only the chapel of St. John of Rila at the Bulgarian station St. Kliment Ohridski. Money in Antarctica Antarctica has its own unofficial money - the Antarctic dollar. The currency was created by a group of US citizens who founded the Antarctic Overseas Bank in 1996, despite the fact that Antarctica does not have the right to its own currency. The denominations of notes issued by the Antarctic Overseas Bank in 1996 are 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 dollars. According to the organizers of the event, each such banknote could be exchanged for American dollars at par, and all proceeds could be used to finance scientific research in Antarctica itself. Currently, these banknotes are a collector's item.
Warming In connection with global warming, there are two scenarios for the development of events for Antarctica: First option, if global warming causes even a slight increase in sea level, then warm water flows can cause the West Antarctic glaciers to split into pieces the size of New England. These ice blocks could raise sea levels by approximately 18 feet worldwide, flooding coastal cities. Sea level rise can also be affected by human-induced lowering of the earth's surface level during pumping of groundwater, oil, natural gas, erosion of the earth's surface, and thermal expansion of sea water. True, scientists suggest that this is unlikely to happen, and if it did, it would take centuries. The second possibility is that increased humidity from global warming could cause snowfall in Antarctica, which could actually help lower sea levels in Antarctica by converting moisture into ice.

1 slide

2 slide

3 slide

4 slide

Antarctica was officially discovered on January 16 (28), 1820 by a Russian expedition led by Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev. Thaddeus Bellingshausen Mikhail Lazarev

5 slide

They were the first to enter the continental part on January 24, 1895, the captain of the Norwegian ship “Antarctic” Christensen and natural science teacher Karsten Borchgrevink. The first wintering on the mainland took place in 1899. The South Magnetic Pole was reached on January 16, 1909, and the Geographic South Pole on December 14, 1911. In 1928-1947, American expeditions took aerial photographs of Antarctica. The creation of research stations in different countries began, and coordinated international research began in 1955. The first Soviet station, Mirny, began operation on February 13, 1956. Peter I Island off the coast of Antarctica. Drawing of a member of the Bellingshausen expedition

6 slide

7 slide

8 slide

The highest point on the continent is 5140 m above sea level - the Vinson Massif in the Ellsworth Mountains. The continent's deepest depression is the ice-filled Bentley Deep. Its depth reaches 2555 m below sea level. Vinson Massif

Slide 9

10 slide

11 slide

12 slide

Slide 13

Slide 14

Inland waters Average annual, and in most areas, summer temperatures in Antarctica do not exceed zero degrees, precipitation there falls only in the form of snow (rain is an extremely rare occurrence). Despite this, there are lakes in Antarctica, and in the summer, rivers. Thanks to intense solar radiation, glaciers melt even at slightly negative air temperatures. With the onset of autumn frosts, river flow stops. Antarctic lakes are almost always covered with a thick layer of ice. Due to the high concentration of impurities, they freeze only at very low temperatures. Antarctic lakes are small, only some of them are larger than 10 km² (Lake Vanda, Lake Figurnoe). The deepest is Lake Radok, its depth reaches 346 m. In the 1990s, Russian scientists discovered the subglacial non-freezing Lake Vostok - the largest of the Antarctic lakes, having a length of 250 km and a width of 50 km. In total, as of 2007, more than 140 subglacial lakes were discovered in Antarctica.

15 slide

16 slide

Organic World Antarctic animals are entirely dependent on the coastal ecosystem of the Southern Ocean: due to the paucity of vegetation, all important food chains of coastal ecosystems begin in the waters surrounding Antarctica. Many plant species are endemic, which is due to the centuries-old isolation of the continent. In 1994, scientists reported a rapid increase in the number of plants in Antarctica, which seems to confirm the hypothesis of global warming of the planet.

Slide 17

In Antarctica, mainly mosses and lichens grow, as well as: Antarctic meadow grass

18 slide

Slide 19

20 slide

21 slides

22 slide

Slide 23

24 slide

25 slide

26 slide

Slide 27

28 slide

Status of Antarctica According to the Antarctic Treaty of December 1, 1959, both Antarctica as a whole and the Antarctic continent itself cannot belong to any state, are used only for peaceful purposes, their researchers have access to any point in Antarctica and the right of access to information obtained by researchers other countries. Compliance with the provisions of the treaty is monitored by the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat, which includes representatives of 45 states. The deployment of military facilities, as well as the entry of warships and armed vessels south of 60 degrees south latitude are prohibited. In the 1980s, Antarctica was also declared a nuclear-free zone, which excluded the appearance of nuclear-powered ships in its waters and nuclear power units on the mainland. The territorial claims of some countries are enormous. For example, Norway claims territory ten times larger than its own (including the island of Peter I, discovered by the Bellingshausen-Lazarev expedition). Great Britain declared huge territories as its own. Australia considers almost half of Antarctica its own, into which, however, the “French” Adélie Land is wedged. New Zealand also made territorial claims. Great Britain, Chile and Argentina. The United States and Russia took a special position, declaring that, in principle, they could put forward their territorial claims in Antarctica, although they have not yet done so. Moreover, both states do not recognize the claims of other countries. Several virtual states have also “registered” on the territory of Antarctica. Part of the mainland is claimed by the Dominion of Melchizedek. The 1991 Madrid Protocol prohibits industrial activities and mining in Antarctica. There is practically no economic activity in Antarctica today. The exception is offshore fishing and tourism.

Slide 29

Prospects for the development of Antarctica: Antarctica is the last resource reserve of humanity; it is the last place where humanity will be able to extract mineral raw materials after they have been depleted on the five inhabited continents. Observations of climatic and meteorological processes on the continent, which, like the Gulf Stream in the Northern Hemisphere, is a climate-forming factor for the entire Earth. Antarctica contains about 80% of the world's fresh water reserves. In Antarctica, the effects of space and the processes occurring in the earth's crust are studied. Glaciology, which studies the ice sheet, is already bringing serious scientific results today, informing us about what the Earth was like a hundred, thousand, hundreds of thousands of years ago, and also allows us to see and study microorganisms that lived millions of years ago. Antarctic bases provide the opportunity to monitor seismological activity across the planet. Technologies for the exploration, development and colonization of the Moon and Mars are being tested at Antarctic bases.

summary of presentations

Antarctica

Slides: 15 Words: 281 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Antarctica. Antarctica is a continent located in the very south of the Earth. Antarctica has an extremely harsh cold climate. In East Antarctica, at the Soviet Antarctic station Vostok, on July 21, 1983, the lowest air temperature on Earth in the entire history of meteorological measurements was recorded: 89.2 degrees below zero. The area is considered the Earth's pole of cold. Average temperatures of winter months (June, July, August) from? 60 to? 70 ° C, summer (December, January, February) from? 30 to? 50 ° C; on the coast in winter from? 8 to? 35 ° C, in summer 0-5 ° C. Average surface height In 1978, the first man of Antarctica, Emilio Marcos Palma, was born at the Argentine station Esperanza. - Antarctica.pptx

World of Antarctica

Slides: 7 Words: 394 Sounds: 7 Effects: 1

Antarctica. Silent, deserted, mysterious, white, continent. Plan: Geographical location. Discoveries and first research. Nature. Ice cover Subglacial relief Climate Organic world. Geographical location: Antarctica has completely different conditions than the Southern continents. Antarctica is separated by vast oceanic expanses. Due to the thickness of the ice, Antarctica turned out to be the highest continent on earth. The shores of the mainland, mostly ice cliffs, are several tens of meters deep. Due to its geographical location, Antarctica is the world's pole of cold. Antarctica was discovered later than other continents. - World of Antarctica.ppt

Lesson Antarctica

Slides: 12 Words: 609 Sounds: 0 Effects: 35

Antarctica. Lesson stages. 1. Organizational moment. 2. Introductory speech by the teacher. 3. Getting to know the mainland. Analysis of the hemisphere map. M.V.Lomonosov's hypothesis. A lesson in learning new material. Antarctica is the harshest and most distant continent on Earth. The area of the continent is 14 million sq. km. The continent is washed by 3 oceans: Atlantic, Pacific and Indian. Under harsh conditions, the mainland was discovered on January 27, 1820. The next stage in the discovery of Antarctica is associated with the discovery of the South Pole. The English expedition, at the cost of huge losses, reached the South Pole later. Many countries took part in research in Antarctica, incl. And our country. - Lesson Antarctica.ppt

Antarctica 7th grade

Slides: 9 Words: 165 Sounds: 0 Effects: 21

First acquaintance with Antarctica. Discovery of Antarctica and the South Pole. Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. Antarctica is the highest continent on Earth due to its ice sheet. Nature of Antarctica. Lower plants Mosses, lichens, mushrooms, algae are the most unpretentious plants. Natural resources of Antarctica. Coal. Iron, copper, lead ores. Minerals containing bromine, tin, manganese, molybdenum. Deposits of graphite and rock crystal. Modern Antarctica. Countries exploring the mainland. Norway Russia Japan USA Great Britain etc. - Antarctica 7th grade.ppt

Mainland Antarctica

Slides: 29 Words: 1879 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Antarctica. History of continental exploration. Discovery of the islands. French expedition. Cook's expedition. South Shetland Islands. Discovery of Antarctica. Sailing to Antarctica. Travel to Antarctica. International systematic research. Continent. American researchers. International cooperation. Reaching the South Pole. Geographical location. Area of Antarctica. Relief. The highest continent on Earth. Geological structure. Ancient Caledonian plate. Minerals. Climate. Pole of cold. Air humidity. Antarctic lakes. Flora and fauna. - Continent Antarctica.ppt

Facts about Antarctica

Slides: 20 Words: 897 Sounds: 4 Effects: 49

Antarctica is a mysterious continent. Lesson objectives. Geographical location. The history of the discovery of the continent. Subglacial relief of the continent. An unpredictable volcano. Ice cover of Antarctica. Located within the southern polar circle. Test yourself. Choose the correct statements. Homework. Nature of Antarctica. Antarctica is the coldest continent. Organic world. Answer questions. Man in Antarctica. The earth is our home. Fill in the missing words. A land of frost and cruel sun. Create a crossword puzzle about Antarctica. - Facts about Antarctica.ppt

Land in Antarctica

Slides: 7 Words: 833 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Antarctica geography

Slides: 14 Words: 427 Sounds: 0 Effects: 58

Geography 7th grade. Nature of Antarctica. Lesson plan. Primary correction of knowledge. Information about homework. Lesson summary. Checking homework. On the contour map, mark the following geographical objects with numbers: Option 1 1-Antarctica, 2-South. Learning new material. Each group will have to consider the following issues: Ice cover. Subglacial relief. Climate. Organic world. Ice sheet. Task No. 2 Read the text of the textbook about subglacial relief. Develop a short summary of “Geological structure, relief and minerals.” Why does Erebus volcano erupt with enviable regularity? - Antarctica geography.ppt

Antarctica exploration

Slides: 20 Words: 1462 Sounds: 0 Effects: 87

Atlantis or Antarctica. Atlantis. General information about Antarctica. An island that has sunk into eternity. Antarctica was shifted towards the south pole. New Swabia. Pennants. Myth or real events. Exploration of Antarctica. Directions of scientific research. The land of a thousand lakes. Subglacial rivers. The largest lake in Antarctica. Penetration into the underglacial world. Volcanoes of Antarctica. The glacier is creeping away. 16 years in distant Antarctica. Methods of water purification. Endless coniferous forests. Literature. - Antarctica Exploration.ppt

"Antarctica" geography 7th grade

Slides: 18 Words: 1312 Sounds: 0 Effects: 19

Morozova Marina Petrovna. Antarctica. Tasks. There is no permanent population on the mainland. Explorers of Antarctica. Animal world. Climate of Antarctica. Modern exploration of Antarctica. James Cook. The first Russian Antarctic expedition. Roald Amundsen. Organic world of Antarctica. Antarctic oases. Relief of Antarctica. Test yourself. Bellingshausen. Homework. Literature. - “Antarctica” geography 7th grade.ppt

Nature of Antarctica

Slides: 30 Words: 1088 Sounds: 0 Effects: 8

Nature of Antarctica. Work plan: Fill out the table. Let's check. Ice sheet. ICEBERGS (reach hundreds of kilometers in length and live for several years). Antarctic mountains. Relief of western Antarctica. Volcano EREBUS. Erebus is an active volcano located on an island in the Ross Sea. The unique nature of Antarctica. Antarctica is the only continent around the poles. Low temperatures are combined with constant winds. Antarctica is the poorest continent in terms of the number of plant and animal species. Antarctica is the coldest continent on Earth. In most of the mainland, the January temperature is lower - 45 °C. - Nature of Antarctica.ppt

Animals of Antarctica

Slides: 15 Words: 1441 Sounds: 0 Effects: 13

Fauna of Antarctica. Emperor penguin. Females reach 114 cm in height and 28-32 kg in weight. The chicks are covered with white or grayish-white down. Adele. The Adelie penguin is a medium-sized bird. Body length is about 70 cm, weight is about 6 kg. The upper body is black, the belly is white. There is a white ring around the eye. Distribution. The main food of Adélie penguins is krill. Ross seal. The body length is about 2 meters and they weigh up to 200 kg. The subcutaneous fat layer is very developed. The Ross seal is a fairly rare species and has been relatively little studied. Distributed in hard-to-reach areas of Antarctica. Sea leopard. - Animals of Antarctica.pptx

Fauna of Antarctica

Slides: 26 Words: 588 Sounds: 0 Effects: 18

A n t a r k t i d a. Antarctica. Antarctica is a continent located in the very south of the Earth, opposite the Arctic. The continent of Antarctica is the land of eternal winter. The southernmost south. Antarctica - consists of the mainland of Antarctica and adjacent islands washed by the waters of the Southern Ocean. Life in Antarctica exists in very harsh conditions. At 10-15 degrees below zero, your hands and nose get cold. In Antarctica, frosts can reach -80 degrees. In Antarctica, there are no trees or shrubs. Penguin colonies are located in Antarctica. There are mainly two species of penguins - Emperor and Adélie. - Fauna of Antarctica.ppt

Flora and fauna of Antarctica

Slides: 20 Words: 116 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0

Flora and fauna of Antarctica. Lichens and mosses. Plankton. Tardigrade. Rotifer. Chlamydomonas red. Amazing phenomena in Antarctica “Rusty Falls” “Red Snow”. Krill. Calanus. Amphipod. Diatoms. Microcystis algae. Fish Ice pike (body temperature -1.7 C). Underwater world. Anemones. Red sea urchins. Benthic inhabitants. Starfish. Sea sponges. Seals. Elephant seal. Leopard seal. The seal is a crabeater. Blue whale. Killer whale. Penguins. Emperor penguin. Adele. Birds of prey Skua Albatross. Polar station Leningradskaya. - Flora and fauna of Antarctica.ppt

Questions about Antarctica

Slides: 29 Words: 954 Sounds: 0 Effects: 22

Questions about Antarctica. Scott discovered Antarctica. Answers. Penguins. Yes Yes. Southern point. Yes Yes No Yes Yes. Eastern point. Yes No Yes Yes Yes. Seals. No No Yes No yes. A chain of numbers. Discovery of the continent. Geographic coordinates. South geographic pole. Questions about Antarctica. Fridge. Refrigerator of the Earth. Blizzard Country. Continent of Science. A continent of scientists. A continent with floating shores. Land of the winds. The land of the cruel sun. Continent behind the clouds. Ice continent. Antarctica. Tourism in Antarctica. Group. -

Antarctica is an ice-covered continent located in the extreme south of our planet. In 1959, an international treaty on Antarctica was signed, according to which it is prohibited to build industrial and military facilities there. The entire continent is available to scientists for research, which is why Antarctica is called the continent of scientists. More than 60 research stations have been built in Antarctica. Scientists from many countries around the world work there. Our planet's pole of cold is located in Central Antarctica. At Vostok station on August 24, 1960. The temperature recorded was -88.3C. The average temperature in winter months is from -60C to -70C, in summer from -30C to -50C. VegetationAttractionsAnimals

Scientists have proven that Antarctica was previously a green city. And under the ice there are mountains, valleys, plains, former river beds, bowls of former lakes. Millions of years ago there was no eternal winter on this earth. It was warm and green here, the forests rustled, tall grasses swayed under the warm winds, animals gathered to drink on the banks of rivers and lakes, birds fluttered in the sky. Now Antarctica has a rather sparse flora and fauna. The vegetation here is lichens, mosses and freshwater algae. AnimalsSights Home

Lichens are plants without roots, leaves or flowers. There are about 300 species. Lichens can be found on all ice-free land areas. They grow very slowly, but live quite a long time. According to scientists, some of them are more than 10 thousand years old. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

There are about 100 species of mosses in Antarctica. This is a moisture-loving plant. Although mosses may appear delicate and weak, they are actually quite hardy. After all, the Antarctic environment is not very suitable for plant life. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

Freshwater algae settle in reservoirs in the summer, as well as on the surface of snow that melts in the summer under the sun. Clusters of microscopic algae in red, green and yellow colors create colorful spots on the surface. From a distance, colonies of microscopic green algae resemble lawns. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

Antarctica lacks land mammals, winged insects and freshwater fish. But, despite this, more than 100 thousand penguins nest near Mirny, many petrels, skuas, and various types of seals and leopard seals live in the waters. Also in Antarctica there are such species of animals as the elephant seal, southern fur seal, minke whale, cape dove, white plover, marbled notothenia, Antarctic toothfish, white-blooded pike, Antarctic lykod, Antarctic calanus, Antarctic krill, Antarctic starfish. VegetationSights Home

Adélie penguins are common on the mainland, chinstrap penguins with a white stripe on their noses, and emperor penguins with orange spots on the sides of their necks. The penguin is a sea bird that hunts exclusively in the sea. Not far from the rocky coast, adult penguins teach young ones how to hunt. They feed on fish, squid and krill. Penguins can drink both fresh and salt water. If necessary, snow will compensate for the lack of moisture. All penguins hatch chicks. Penguins live 7-20 years, some perhaps longer. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

Seals are well adapted to life in cold seas: their entire body, including their short tail and flippers, is covered with thick, coarse hair that protects them from icy water, wind, snow and ice. Under the skin there is a thick layer of fat. They feed on fish, as well as squid and octopus. The largest of them is the Wedell seal, up to 3 m long. In winter, it lives under the ice, breathing through vent holes. The most common seal in Antarctica is the crabeater seal, reaching a length of 2.5 m. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

The elephant seal is a type of seal and belongs to the pinniped family. Elephants stand out among all seals for their enormous size, weight - and trunks (a long hanging nose, reminiscent of a trunk, which is why they were called that). Adult elephants can be almost 6 meters long and weigh more than 3 tons. The elephant spends most of its life in the ocean. He can hold his breath for more than 120 minutes. A family of elephant seals usually gives birth to one calf weighing from 40 to 45 kilograms VegetationAnimalsSights Home

The killer whale is the largest dolphin. In primitive times, he had a reputation as a formidable predator, but recently people have learned to find a common language with him. People were afraid of this predator most likely because of its huge appearance. It grows up to 8 meters in length. The killer whale's body is dark with large white spots. They feed mainly on fish, shellfish, and penguins, but are also capable of attacking the largest whales, dolphins, sea lions and elephant seals. Therefore, all sea inhabitants, seeing a herd of killer whales or hearing their voices, try to swim away as quickly as possible. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

"Dry Valleys" are unusual in that no rain has fallen there for at least two million years. They have no ice or snow because the air is too dry (ice-free areas in Antarctica are called "oases") , according to many scientists, this is the driest place on the planet. Despite their appearance, the valleys support some of the most unusual life forms on the planet. American biologists have discovered seaweed, fungi and bacteria living inside the rocks. VegetationAnimalsAttractions Home.

An iceberg is a large, free-floating piece of ice in the ocean or sea. Icebergs form constantly off the coast of Antarctica. Entire ice fields plow the vast expanses of the World Ocean for decades until they melt. Icebergs more than 300 km long and about 100 km wide have been found in the waters of Antarctica. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

Mount Erebus is the southernmost active volcano on Earth. Height 3794 m, located on Ross Island, where there are 3 other extinct volcanoes. Erebus volcano was discovered in 1841 by polar explorer Sir James Clark Ross. The volcano was named after Erebus, the ancient Greek god, son of Chaos. VegetationAnimalsSights Home

The South Pole is the point at which the Earth's imaginary axis of rotation intersects its surface in the Southern Hemisphere. The South Pole is located in Antarctica at an altitude of 2800 meters. The ice thickness at the South Pole is 2840 meters. VegetationAnimalsSights Home