I greet you, deserted corner, a haven of peace, work and inspiration, where an invisible stream of my days flows in the bosom of happiness and oblivion. I am yours: I exchanged the vicious courtyard of the Circus, Luxurious feasts, fun, delusions for the peaceful sound of oak trees, for the silence of the fields, for free idleness, a friend of reflection. I am yours: I love this dark garden With its coolness and flowers, This meadow filled with fragrant stacks, Where bright streams rustle in the bushes. Everywhere in front of me are moving pictures: Here I see azure plains of two lakes, Where a fisherman’s sail sometimes turns white, Behind them are a row of hills and striped fields, Scattered huts in the distance, Roaming herds on the damp banks, Smoky barns and chilly mills; Everywhere there are traces of contentment and labor... I am here, freed from vain shackles, Learning to find bliss in the truth, To adore the law with a free soul, Not to listen to the murmurs of the unenlightened crowd, To respond with participation to a shy plea And not to envy the fate of a Villain or a fool - in unjust greatness. Oracles of the ages, here I ask you! In majestic solitude, your joyful voice is more audible. It drives away the gloomy sleep of laziness, creates heat in me for work, and your creative thoughts ripen in the depths of your soul. But a terrible thought here darkens the soul: Among the flowering fields and mountains, a friend of humanity sadly notices the murderous shame of ignorance everywhere. Without seeing tears, not listening to groans, Fate has chosen for the destruction of people, Here lordship wild, without feeling, without law, Appropriated to itself with a violent vine And the work, and the property, and the time of the farmer. Bending over an alien plow, submitting to the whips, Here skinny slavery drags along the reins of an inexorable owner. Here, with a painful yoke, everyone is dragged to the grave, Not daring to nourish hopes and inclinations in the soul, Here young maidens bloom For the whim of an insensitive villain. The dear support of aging fathers, Young sons, comrades of labor, From their native hut they go to multiply the Yard crowds of exhausted slaves. Oh, if only my voice could disturb hearts! Why is there a barren heat burning in my chest And the fate of orbit has not given me a formidable gift? I'll see, oh friends! an unoppressed people and slavery that fell due to the king’s mania, and over the fatherland of enlightened freedom Will a beautiful dawn finally rise?

Date of creation: July 1819

Analysis of Pushkin's poem "Village"

In 1819, 20-year-old Pushkin came briefly from St. Petersburg to his family estate Mikhailovskoye. This is where it was written famous poem“Village”, in which the author analyzes not only his own life, but also evaluates the socio-political events that are taking place in Russia.

The poem “Village” was created in the form of an elegy, but its measured rhythm, which sets one in a philosophical mood, is very deceptive. If in the first part of the work the poet confesses his love for his homeland, emphasizing that it was in Mikhailovsky that he was once serenely happy, then in the second part “a terrible thought here darkens the soul.”

Pushkin’s pessimistic mood is explained quite simply. As a teenager, the poet repeatedly thought about how imperfectly and unfairly the world was structured. People who are forced to work on the land from morning to night eke out a miserable existence. And those who are accustomed to spending their days in idle pleasure do not deny themselves anything. However, these thoughts were formed more clearly in the poet a little later, when in St. Petersburg he became quite close friends with the future Decembrists, imbued with their then-advanced ideas of brotherhood and equality. That is why in the first lines of the poem “Village,” the poet casually mentions that he “traded the vicious courtyard of the Circus” for “the peaceful noise of the oak trees, for the silence of the fields.” This opposition is not used by the author by chance. Pushkin, addressing native land, admits: “I’m yours.” He identifies himself not with the high society, on which his fate and brilliant future essentially depend, but with ordinary peasants, who in spirit are much closer and more understandable to the poet than the counts and princes, who believe that the world is ruled exclusively by money. Therefore, having returned to Mikhailovskoye, Pushkin notes that “here I am, freed from vain shackles, learning to find bliss in the truth.”

However, the active and stormy nature of the poet cannot enjoy the peace and tranquility of rural life for long while the world is sliding into the abyss. The poet is depressed by the fact that people in his circle prefer not to notice the poverty and wretchedness of life of the serfs and do not consider them to be people. Against the background of the tears and suffering of thousands of oppressed people, a “wild lordship, without feeling, without law” reigns, thanks to which the labor of slaves is appropriated by others. And at the same time they believe that this is quite fair, because they are almost gods who came to this life solely in order to receive all imaginable and inconceivable pleasures.

In contrast to the “masters of life,” the poet very figuratively and succinctly reproduces the life of those who carry a “burdensome yoke to the grave.” Such concepts as justice and freedom are alien to these people, since they do not know that such a thing is, in principle, possible. After all, from time immemorial, “here are young maidens in bloom for the whims of insensitive villains,” and young men, who should become a reliable support for their fathers, “go to multiply the courtyard crowds of exhausted slaves.”

Addressing his people, downtrodden and oppressed, the poet dreams that his voice “can disturb hearts.” Then the author would be able to change the world for the better with his poems and restore justice. However, Pushkin understands that it is almost impossible to do this, even with a huge poetic gift. Therefore, in the last lines of the poem, the poet wonders whether he will get to see “slavery that fell due to the king’s mania.” Pushkin still believes in the inviolability of autocracy and hopes that the sanity of the august person will be able to put an end to the suffering of hundreds of thousands of Russian serfs who, by the will of fate, were born slaves.

Alexander Pushkin was a liberal-minded citizen who preached an active life position. He often criticized government officials for their failure to ensure the well-being and prosperity of the people - driving force Russia. One such incriminating poem is “The Village.”

"The Village" was written in 1819. If we agree on the periods of creativity, the poem can be attributed to the second, St. Petersburg stage. The work was also influenced by new socio-political ideas, secret meetings of the Decembrists, and communication with them. At that time, the poet was keen on discussions about the injustice of autocracy and the inhumanism of serfdom.

It was at this time that Alexander Sergeevich joined the secret union of the Decembrists, which even then hatched draft constitutions limiting the power of the tsar. However, the new supporters of the enthusiastic and ardent poet were in no hurry to take him into action. They were afraid that the failure of a revolutionary action would entail severe punishment, and they wanted to protect the talented Pushkin from the furious wrath of the autocracy, which could result in death for the poet. Therefore, the creator’s contribution was purely literary, and he learned about the Decembrists’ performance on Senate Square in 1825 only after it took place, without taking part in it and without tarnishing his name.

Genre, size, direction

It can be noted that the poem is written in the genre of oratory. The author is the voice of all progressive-minded people of that time who do not agree with the system of serfdom. Pushkin specifically turned to this genre, since the work is a kind of call to end injustice. This gives grounds to classify “The Village” as a realistic movement. Although there are also traits of romanticism. The creator is typical romantic hero, opposed to the society of nobility. Using the example of the antithesis of village and city, we see the principle of dual worlds characteristic of this direction. There is an ideal world and a reality opposed to it.

The poem is written in iambic hexameter alternating with iambic tetrameter. The rhyme is cross, male rhyme (1st, 3rd lines) alternates with female rhyme (2nd, 4th lines).

Composition

The composition “Villages” can be defined as two-part. When reading, a bright antithesis catches the eye. In the first part, the poet glorifies the beauty of nature, talks about how he has a good rest and breathes easily in the village. Then it’s as if a completely different poem begins, as the mood changes dramatically. In the second part, Pushkin discusses “ back side medals" of this beauty - "wild lordship".

Thus, with the help of composition the author expresses main idea poems: serfdom spoils the people and ruins the future of the country. Our lands are rich and fertile, our nature is beautiful and gentle, our people are highly moral and strong. But the insensitive and selfish government crosses out all these advantages, robbing its own descendants with exorbitant consumption and irresponsible attitude towards these riches.

Main characters and their characteristics

The lyrical hero can appreciate nature and feel merging with the world. The poet paints a blissful picture: fields, meadows, “a garden with its coolness and flowers,” “bright streams,” “the peaceful sound of oak forests.” Then the author’s lyrical “I” changes. From an enthusiastic connoisseur of beauty, he turns into an ardent opposition critic who understands the shortcomings of the social structure of his homeland. He does not leave himself alone, saying that his gift is not piercing enough to penetrate hard hearts.

The image of the landowners is noteworthy: “The lordship is wild, without feeling, without law...”. These are ignorant, greedy and vicious people who feast on the “skinny slavery”. The poet sympathizes with the peasants, in particular the “young maidens” who “bloom for the whim of an insensitive villain.” Pushkin spent a lot of time in his country estates, so he knew a lot and saw how other neighbors treated their serfs. Moreover, the author notes that the gentlemen have no reason to consider themselves superior to the common people, because both the master and the serf are equally ignorant and wild. Only one rises due to his suffering and righteous work, and the second only falls in our eyes because he is an unjust tyrant.

Topics and issues

  • The main problem of the work is injustice of serfdom. Pushkin strives to show his lack of freedom and cruelty. As long as some people have unlimited power over others, tension will brew in society, and a country with such a microclimate will not develop harmoniously.
  • Nature theme. The author admires the rural landscape, he is inspired by the beauty of the rural wilderness, where natural resources spiritual and moral values ​​are added: honest work, a large and healthy family, harmony with the outside world.
  • The problem of ignorance. The poet complains that he is not able to reach the evil hearts of the landowners, who probably do not read his poems, and indeed do not read anything at all. That’s why it seems to them that slavery is a normal phenomenon, that they really have the right to tyrannize the peasants and steal their last property.
  • Theme of creativity. The author is indignant that fate has deprived him of “the formidable gift of sophistication.” He believes that his lines are not convincing enough for those in power. In this appeal, Pushkin’s self-criticism and his eternal desire for perfection are obvious.
  • The problem of peasants' lack of rights. Not only the depravity of the masters is described, but also the heavy burden of their slaves. Girls are doomed to become toys for the master, and virtuous wives and mothers. Young people are just physical strength for the new needs of the landowner; their lives are fleeting and joyless due to exhausting work.
  • The antithesis of village and city. The countryside appears to be an ideal secluded place where any person can become a better person and find the strength to shake off laziness from the soul. But the metropolitan gloss only makes you sad and provokes idleness of thought and spirit. There is only pretense, but here the poet found the truth.

    • Idea

    The author rebels against the cruelty of the autocracy and desires freedom for his compatriots, whom he considers equal to himself, no matter what class they belong to. He is trying to convey to people the idea that it is no longer possible to live in such injustice.

    In addition, the meaning of “The Village” is to show the contrast between the beauties and blessings of the Russian land and those who manage it. The lordship ruins the country, oppresses the people, but it itself is of no use, because such power only corrupts the soul. The main idea of ​​the poem is that the poet with all his might wants to bring “the beautiful dawn of enlightened freedom closer.”

    Means of artistic expression

    The main means artistic expression in “The Village” there is an antithesis - it helps to reveal the author’s intention. Pushkin designs the first part in such a way that the reader is immersed in an atmosphere of calm. This is created thanks to the epithets: “peaceful noise”, “silence of the fields”, “azure plains”.

    The second part of the work is more emotional, Pushkin is dissatisfied and even outraged by the current situation. From this comes many words with vivid emotional coloring, mainly epithets: “wild lordship”, “relentless owner”, “destruction of people”, “burdensome with a yoke”. With the help of anaphora (in the second part of the poem, the lines begin several times with the word “Here”), Alexander Sergeevich tries to list everything that he is dissatisfied with, to express all the ugliness that he observes.

    Interesting? Save it on your wall!

The poem “Village” was written by Pushkin in 1819, during the so-called “St. Petersburg” period of his work. For the poet, this was a time of active participation in the socio-political life of the country, visiting the secret union of the Decembrists, friendship with Ryleev, Lunin, Chaadaev. The most important issues for Pushkin during this period were the social structure of Russia, the social and political lack of freedom of many people, the despotism of the autocratic-serf system of government...

Thus, the poet devotes the poem “Village” to the problem of serfdom, which worried many thinking people of that time. The poem has a two-part composition: the first part (before the words “... but the thought is terrible ...") is an idyll, while the second is a political declaration, an appeal to the powers that be.

For the lyrical hero, the village is, on the one hand, a “desert corner”, a kind of ideal world where silence and harmony reign. In this land, “a haven of peace, work and inspiration,” the hero gains spiritual freedom and indulges in “creative thoughts.” The images of this part of the poem: “a dark garden with its coolness and flowers”, “light streams”, “striped fields”, “scattered huts in the distance”, “winged mills” - are undoubtedly romanticized, which creates an idyllic picture of peace and tranquility. But a completely different side of life in the village is revealed to us in the second part, where the poet mercilessly exposes the ugliness social relations, the arbitrariness of the landowners and the powerless situation of the people. “Wild lordship” and “skinny slavery,” the main images of this part, embody the “murderous shame of ignorance,” all the irregularity and inhumanity of serfdom. The lyrical hero, identified with the poet himself, calling himself a “friend of humanity,” does not accept this injustice and lawlessness, wants to “disturb the hearts...” of people, exposing the excesses of the landowners and the hopelessness of the life of the peasants, dreams of seeing “unoppressed people” and “the fatherland of enlightened freedom " The world surrounding the hero is full of cruelty and violence, a world where some “are dragged with a painful yoke to the grave,” and others, “not seeing tears, not listening to groans,” “have appropriated to themselves the labor, property, and time of the farmer,” looks especially ugly against the backdrop of beautiful, harmonious nature, the kingdom of “happiness and oblivion.” In this way, a contrast is created between the two parts of the poem, allowing us to highlight with particular force the idea of ​​inferiority, the impossibility of the existence of serfdom.

The poet also uses many figurative and expressive means of language. In the first part they create a romantic and peaceful atmosphere: “the stream of my days flows”, “winged mills”, “lake-azure plains”, “peaceful noise of oak forests”, “silence of fields”. And in the second part visual arts are used by the poet to most clearly expose the ugliness of the social system: “... a violent vine”, “an alien plow”, “exhausted slaves”, “an inexorable owner”. In addition, the last seven lines of the poem are filled with rhetorical questions and exclamations, because they have the nature of an appeal to others, expressing the indignation of the lyrical hero and his reluctance to put up with the unjust structure of society.

The meter of the poem is iambic hexameter. Rhyme - both masculine and feminine, both cross and ring:

Greetings, deserted corner (female),

Shelter of tranquility, work and inspiration (men's),

Where the invisible stream of my days flows (f.)

In the bosom of happiness and oblivion (m.)

(cross rhyme a-b-a-b).

I am yours - I love this dark garden

With its coolness and flowers,

This meadow, filled with fragrant stacks,

Where bright streams rustle in the bushes

(ring rhyme a-b-b-a).

Divided into certain stages. These stages are united by themes that emerged in early time becoming a writer. The formation of the artistic consciousness of the great poet, playwright and critic was influenced by communication with famous writers and Decembrists, as well as Western European literature and Russian folklore.

The poem “Village” reflects his inspired reflections of the second creative stage, when he graduated from the lyceum, led an active social and political life and was in exile. During this period it is especially acute The writer was concerned about the need to adopt reforms that, in his opinion, could influence changes in the autocratic structure of Russia.

Analysis Plan

To analyze a poem, you must adhere to a specific plan, which may include:

  1. The history of the creation of the work, its theme and idea.
  2. Poetic size.
  3. Composition.
  4. Lyrical "I".
  5. Fine and expressive means.

History of creation

Pushkin with early age felt injustice. His thoughts and beliefs were often reinforced by his love of freedom, communication with his lyceum friends and the gradually developing strong views on life, which became the basis of the writer’s worldview. Basically it was a recognition of the supreme value of freedom. The poet considered autocratic power to be cruel tyranny, and the first unjust obstacle in people's lives - serfdom.

The poem was written during the poet's difficult creative period. In 1819, after exile, while under house arrest in the village of Mikhailovskoye, in this work he openly spoke about serfdom, turning part of the population of a great country into slaves.

Its main idea is the need to abolish serfdom. Pushkin wanted to focus the reader’s attention on the unfair and cruel attitude towards the people through contrast, dividing the poem into two parts. This conviction of the poet was finally confirmed by communication with I. S. Turgenev, who was preparing notes for Alexander I on the abolition of serfdom.

Alexander I learned that the people were given the opportunity to read the forbidden poems of the Decembrists and ordered Prince Vasilchikov to stop distributing their poems. Vasilchikov’s adjutant Chaadaev sent “The Village” to Alexander I for consideration, but he did not find a pretext for punishing the poet and ordered to thank Pushkin for the bright and kind feelings in his work.

The poem is written in the genre of elegy, however, in the second part of the work there are elements of civil lyricism. Pushkin describes the landscape of the village of Mikhailovskoye (for example, “lakes... plains” - Malenets and Kuchane), he fills his creation with feelings and contrasts the beauty of a quiet poetic corner with “luxurious feasts” in the bustle of the capital.

At first glance, the reader notes the positive aspects and does not suspect that the picture of the patriarchal idyll may be disrupted. Against the backdrop of the harmony and splendor of nature, one can only note the pleasure from the poet’s own work; he is consoled and inspired, creates and rests from the worries and worries of metropolitan life, showing how the soul of his lyrical hero is open to comprehend the truth.

In the second part of the poem, the author breaks the existing harmony, and his calm reflection leads him to think about what is hidden in this picture of well-being that he was describing. The poet himself realizes that the idyll is based on the lawlessness and unjust power of the landowners, which is arbitrary in relation to the peasants.

A. S. Pushkin’s poem “Village” is written in a “high style.” Pushkin uses solemn words and expressions (“oracles of centuries”, “heeding”, “murmuring”). Particular expressiveness is noted in the use capital letter, in this way the poet conveys its high meaning (“Law”, “Owner”, “Fate”).

Pushkin's poetic style changes dramatically, like the rhythm of the poem, as well as the iambic, which previously fluctuated smoothly (six feet with a pause or more - caesura - then up to five or four feet), and then began to sound completely different (after the “long” line of iambic hexameter there are relatively six “ short" lines). Line " but a terrible thought here darkens the soul.” leads the reader to the idea that the idyll carries a different picture of the village inhabitants. He says that the peasants are not free, and their fate does not belong to them.

The author clearly shows the contrast and replaces smooth and gentle images in the first part (“idle will”, “womb of happiness and oblivion”) to the caustic and harsh images in the second part ( “a terrible thought”, “ignorance is a murderous shame”). In addition, in the second part of the poem the poetic formulas change, and not the principle of their use. Among the usual poetic expressions, a satirical picture of the world is noticeable, which is as conventional as the images of the poet.

Structural analysis of the work allows us to conclude that the following literary technique is applicable:

  1. Iambic hexameter, which alternates with iambic tetrameter;
  2. Masculine rhyme in lines 1 and 3 alternates with feminine rhyme in lines 2 and 4;
  3. There are visual and expressive means;
  4. Artistic means are reflected in the contradictory parts of the poem.

Lyrical hero

In the first part of A. S. Pushkin’s work “Village” lyrical hero acts as a romantic, he has a finely organized soul and a pronounced ability to feel the splendor of life, in the second part the lyrical “I” is reflected, where the poet is dramatically transformed and the romantic becomes a politician who understands the shortcomings of the monarchical system home country. The image of the landowners is also quite remarkable: “The lordship is wild, without feeling, without law...” who live off "skinny slavery".

The hero of the work deeply regrets that he is unable to "disturb hearts" therefore, it cannot in any way influence the arbitrariness in the country . His dream is to look at "dawn of freedom" so that landowners stop appropriating “both property and time of the farmer.”

Poetic meter and composition

The work of A. S. Pushkin “Village” is presented to readers in the form of an oratory. The author expresses not only his ideas and thoughts, but also the opinions of progressive people. The narrative begins with a description of the idyll and an appeal to the beauty of the village, which corresponds oratorical speech. Thoughts in the poet’s chosen style equally structure the second and third stanzas. The same technique is used in the second part of the poem.

The presence of interrogatives and exclamation sentences also determined by oratorical style. The author used a similar compositional structure for a reason: the poem “Village” is a call not only in content, but also in form. We can say that Pushkin openly demanded that the injustice that arose centuries ago be eliminated.

One of the central problems in the study of the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is his role in the Decembrist movement. This activity was reflected in the prose and poetry of the Russian classic. Analysis of the poem “Village” - one of the works created under the influence of oppositional views that reigned among the advanced and enlightened layers of the population of Russia in early XIX century - gives an idea of ​​the author’s experiences and dreams.

Poet and Decembrists

Pushkin was not a member of any secret society. He was too hot-tempered and unpredictable for this. However, it was precisely for the creation of one of the poems, imbued with romantic hopes for possible government reforms, that the poet was sent into exile.

The analysis of the poem “Village,” which is by no means the reason for Pushkin’s stay in Mikhailovsky, begins with optimistic notes. The author calls the village a haven of work, tranquility and inspiration. These words contain deep meaning, because it was here that masterpieces were created that not only entered into but also had a significant influence on it. But nevertheless, an analysis of the poem “Village” should be done because it belongs to those works in which the central theme was the idea of ​​​​transforming Russian society. Similar thoughts played important role throughout the poet's work.

History of creation

Before you spend brief analysis poem “Village”, a few words should be said about the history of its writing. The poem was created in 1819. This year refers to a period that was marked by the poet’s active participation in the socio-political life of Russia. Although exile was still a long way off.

The poet went to the family estate in 1924. The reason for the exile was freedom-loving works, as well as a letter opened by the Moscow police. But the poet was gripped by sentiments that ran counter to the established political order in the country for many years. From time to time he did visit secret societies, where he made acquaintances with such outstanding personalities as Ryleev, Lukin, Chaadaev. Like members of similar organizations, Pushkin was dissatisfied with the social structure of the country, the social and political lack of freedom of many of its citizens, and the despotic nature of the autocratic system.

Should be understood in general outline the root of social ills that could not leave many enlightened people of that time indifferent before starting to analyze the poem “Village”. Pushkin was one of those who believed that the abolition of serfdom was a prerequisite on the path to transformation political system Russia.

Poem Structure

First of all, you need to pay attention to the unusual composition when analyzing the poem “Village”. Pushkin roughly divided it into two parts. The first resembles a romantic idyll. The second is a political declaration and contains a kind of appeal to those in power.

An idyllic picture of rural life

The village is introduced at the beginning of the poem by someone ideal world. Harmony and silence reign in it. And it is here that the lyrical hero gains spiritual freedom and indulges in creative work.

You should pay attention to artistic images, making a brief analysis of the poem "Village". Pushkin used expressions such as “bright streams”, “dark gardens with coolness and flowers”, “striped fields”. In the first lines of the work there is something that creates a picture of peace and tranquility. And a completely different side of village life opens in the second part.

Disharmonious picture of village life

The author’s more pessimistic mood can be felt by carefully reading the main and final parts of the work and having already completed general analysis poem "Village". A.S. Pushkin exposes the ugliness of social relations in them. It reveals the arbitrariness of the landowners and the powerless, unfair situation in which the majority of the Russian population finds itself. And here there are already completely different images: “wild lordship”, “skinny slavery”.

Contrast

The first and second parts of this poetic work contrast sharply with each other. At the beginning of the poem, the author creates a beautiful harmonious picture, but then returns the reader to cruel reality. Using the technique of contrast, Pushkin was able to convey the main idea of ​​his work, which is a critical look at the unjust and cruel nature of serfdom.

Artistic media

When analyzing the poem “Village,” you also need to pay attention to figurative and expressive language means. Pushkin used them in a wide variety. The first part is permeated with calm. The intonation here is smooth and friendly. Carefully selecting epithets, the poet conveys the beauty of the rural landscape in all colors. A romantic atmosphere is created thanks to such expressions as “winged mills”, “silence of the fields”.

In the second part the intonation changes. Speech becomes more agitated. The poet selects harsher epithets. The author filled the last lines with exclamations and rhetorical questions. They seem to serve as confirmation that the lyrical hero does not want to put up with the structure of the society of which he is a part.

The main idea of ​​the poem

The poet wanted his poetic gift to be able to somehow influence the minds of those in whose hands were millions of destinies ordinary people. He hoped that his works would play at least a small role in restoring justice. But at the same time, Pushkin understood that it was almost impossible to change the world for the better, even with great artistic talent. Therefore, in his poem he asks whether he will be able to see “the beautiful dawn rise,” and as if he does not hope to receive an answer to this question.

Creating this work, the poet still doubts that there is a force capable of defeating autocracy. But still there still lives in him a weak belief that among powerful of the world therefore, sensible people will be found and will put an end to the suffering of those whose only fault was that they were born as powerless slaves.