General information and history
Shuya is located in the center Ivanovo region, 32 kilometers from its capital, on the Teza River. It is the capital of the Shuisky district and the third city in the region in terms of population. The area of the city is 33.29 km².
The name of the city is associated with the Shuisky princes, who owned it for about 200 years. On the territory of the city Kremlin there were siege yards, which were owned, among other things, by D. M. Pozharsky. The first mention of Shuya dates back to 1539 (Nikon Chronicle). Before this, the city was called Borisoglebskaya Sloboda. A decade later he was included in the oprichnina. In 1609, Shuya was destroyed by the Poles, and ten years later by the Lithuanians. In 1722, heading on the Persian campaign, Peter I bowed to the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God. Also in the 18th century, industry and merchants began to develop here. The merchant class developed due to the fact that ships sailed along the Teza, including from foreign countries. There were several fairs. In 1755, a linen manufactory was created. There were also soap-making and sheepskin-fur industries. In 1781, a coat of arms appeared.
In the autumn of 1918, the headquarters of the 7th Infantry Chernigov, formerly Vladimir, Division took place in the city.
Population of Shuya for 2018 and 2019. Number of inhabitants of Shuya
Data on the number of city residents are taken from the Federal State Statistics Service. The official website of the Rosstat service is www.gks.ru. The data was also taken from the unified interdepartmental information and statistical system, the official website of EMISS www.fedstat.ru. The website publishes data on the number of residents of Shuya. The table shows the distribution of the number of Shuya residents by year; the graph below shows the demographic trend in different years.
Shuya population change chart:
As of 2015, the population of Shuya is about 58.7 thousand people. Density - 1766.15 people/km².
Most of the Shuyans are Russian.
Ethnic names: Shuyanin, Shuyanka, Shuyans.
Shuya photo of the city. Photo of Shuya
Information about the city of Shuya on Wikipedia.
Shuya- a city (since 1539/1350 according to other sources) in, the administrative center of the Shuisky district, which it is not part of, forms Shuya urban district.
The city of Shuya is located in the interfluve of the Volga and Klyazma rivers, 32 km southeast of the regional center. The Teza River (a tributary of the Klyazma) flows through the city from north to south, its length within the city limits is 6.6 km. The Sekha (flowing into Teza) and Motovilikha (flowing into Sekha) also flow through the city.
Area - 33.29 km², population - 58,723 people. (2017). In terms of population, Shuya is the third city after Ivanovo and the city of the Ivanovo region.
City `s history
In the 20th century, not far from Shuya, ancient burials (the so-called Semukhinsky mounds) dating back to the Volga trade route of the 10th-11th centuries were discovered.
The etymology of the toponym is related to its location relative to the Klyazma River, the main artery of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Shuya is located on the left bank of the Klyazma and stands on its left tributary (Teza River). “Shuya” is a common name for left tributaries in Rus' and goes back to the ancient Russian word “oshyu” - on the left.
Shuya Principality
Main article: Shuya Principality
Since 1403, the Shuisky princes have been mentioned, who owned the city for almost 200 years. The Shuisky family originates from Vasily Kirdyapa, one of the princes of Suzdal. A representative of this family was Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, the last tsar from the Rurik family (reigned 1606-1610), after him the Romanov dynasty ascended to the Russian throne. As legends say, Vasily Shuisky often visited his estate to have fun with falconry. In the village of Melnichnoye (now a suburb of Shuya), according to legend, the Tsar’s daughter, Princess Anna, is buried. In the Shuisky Kremlin (now the territory of Union Square) there were siege yards that belonged to Prince I. I. Shuisky, Prince D. M. Pozharsky and others.
The first documentary evidence of city Shuya dates back to 1539. Under this date, Shuya is mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle among the cities devastated by the Kazan Khan Safa-Girey, and it is from this date that the city dates its chronology. Before this the city was known as Borisoglebskaya Sloboda, in honor of the Church of Saints Boris and Gleb located in it.
Shuya and the crowned persons
Ivan the Terrible, during his campaign in 1549, visited Shuya and soon included it, along with other 19 cities, in the oprichnina (1565-1572), declaring it his property. Then in 1572, according to the spiritual charter of Ivan the Terrible, Shuya was inherited by his son Fyodor. In 1609 the city was ravaged by the Poles, and in 1619 by the Lithuanians.
In 1722, on his way to the Persian campaign, Peter I visited Shuya. He stopped in the city to venerate the local shrine - the miraculous icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God. The icon was painted by a Shuya icon painter in 1654-1655, when a pestilence was raging in the city. Soon after the painting of the icon, the epidemic stopped, and the image of the Mother of God allegedly revealed miraculous healings of the sick. Peter I also got rid of his illness and wanted to take the miraculous icon to. The townspeople, having learned about this, fell to their knees before the king and begged to leave the icon in its place in the Church of the Resurrection.
In 1729, the daughter of Peter I, Princess Elizabeth, lived for some time in Shuya, who loved to hunt in the surrounding forests. Another heir to the throne also visited Shuya. In 1837, while traveling around Russia accompanied by the famous Russian poet V.A. Zhukovsky, the future Emperor Alexander II visited Shuya. Having become acquainted with the sights of the city, the Tsarevich honored with a visit to the home of the most famous townspeople - the richest merchants, the Posylins and Kiselyovs.
Shuya merchants and textile industry
The development of industry and trade in Shuya was facilitated by the city's convenient location on the navigable Teza River. In Shuya there was a large guest courtyard (on the site of the modern Gostiny Dvor). Out-of-town and foreign merchants came to Shuya to trade - in 1654, in Gostiny Dvor there was a shop of the English-Arkhangelsk trading company. At the same time, Shuya was famous for its fairs.
In 1755, merchant Yakov Igumnov opened the first linen manufactory, as proof of which he was given a ticket from the Shuya voivodeship office to set up a factory.
In 1781 Russian empress Catherine the Great issued a decree on the formation of the Vladimir governorship and approved the coat of arms of the city of Shuya. The ancient coat of arms of Shuya was a shield divided into two parts. In the upper part, a lion-like leopard standing on its hind legs is a symbol of the provincial government; in the lower part - “on a red field there is a bar of soap, meaning the glorious soap factories located in the city.” Indeed, soap making was the oldest industry in the city of Shuya; the first mention of them is found in the scribe book of Afanasy Vekov and clerk Seliverst Ivanov in 1629. Already in the 16th century, the industrial character of the city of Shuya was determined. Along with soap making, another ancient craft of Shuya was sheepskin and fur making. It especially flourished in the 16th-17th centuries, which is why Tsar Vasily Shuisky was popularly called the “fur coat maker.”
Since ancient times, the textile industry has developed in Shuya - the production of linen fabrics. Canvas weaving was carried out in many peasant huts and in the houses of the townspeople of the city of Shuya on wooden weaving mills. WITH mid-18th century centuries, weaving linen manufactories appeared in Shuya; the very first manufactory of the merchant Yakov Igumnov was opened in 1755. However, by the end of the 18th century, cotton was conquering the world market. The Shuya merchants of the Kiselyov dynasty were the first entrepreneurs who established the supply of cotton yarn from not only to Shuya, but also its surroundings.
In parallel with the Kiselevs, the factories of the merchant Posylin brothers quickly developed. A.I. Posylin was the first to start a paper spinning factory with 11,000 spindles, operating using steam engines. The products of Poslin manufactories were awarded a large gold medal at the First All-Russian exhibition manufacturing industry in St. Petersburg in 1829. “This merchant house in Shuya has been rich from time immemorial, prudent and persistent in the execution of its planned enterprises, it has all the means, material and immaterial, to make its spinning mill one of the first establishments in the state,” - this is how the writer Dmitry Shelekhov spoke about those in the mid-19th century. who stood at the origins of the Shuya textile industry.
According to data for 1859, 8,555 people (675 houses) lived in the city.
Several military formations were formed in Shuya:
- In September 1918, the headquarters of the 7th Infantry Chernigov (formerly Vladimir) Division was formed;
- In 1939, the 266th Corps Artillery Regiment was formed;
- In September 1941, based on the 594th heavy cannon located in Shuya artillery regiment ARGC, four artillery regiments were deployed:
- 594th Cannon Artillery Regiment,
- 602nd Cannon Artillery Regiment,
- 701st Cannon Artillery Regiment,
- 642nd Cannon Artillery Regiment.
Also in Shuya, in the “Kitchen Factory” building, Zheleznodorozhnaya Street, building 2 (later vocational school No. 11), there was the 354th reserve rifle regiment, which trained conscripts before sending them to the front.
Shuya case
Main article: Shuya case
On March 15, 1922, residents of Shuya, mostly workers, came out to the central square to prevent the seizure of church valuables from the city's Resurrection Cathedral. To suppress the popular uprising, the authorities used military force, machine gun fire was opened. Four Shuyans (according to other sources - five), and among them a teenage girl, were killed on the spot.
In connection with these events, on March 19, the Chairman of the Council People's Commissars Vladimir Lenin drafted a secret letter that qualified the events in Shuya as one of the manifestations of a general plan of resistance to the decree of Soviet power on the part of “the most influential group of the Black Hundred clergy” and a proposal for their arrest and execution.
On March 22, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b), based on a letter from Leon Trotsky, adopted an action plan for repressions against the clergy. It included the arrest of the Synod, a show trial in the Shuya case, and also indicated: “To begin confiscation throughout the entire country, completely without dealing with churches that do not have any significant values.”
Less than two months later, on May 10, 1922, the archpriest of the cathedral Pavel Svetozarov, priest John Rozhdestvensky and layman Pyotr Yazykov were shot.
In 2007, a monument to the clergy and laity killed in 1922 was erected on the square near the cathedral.
Population
| Population | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1856 | 1897 | 1926 | 1931 | 1939 | 1959 | 1970 | 1973 | 1976 | 1979 | 1982 |
| 9300 | ↗ 19 600 | ↗ 35 500 | ↗ 44 900 | ↗ 57 910 | ↗ 64 562 | ↗ 68 781 | ↗ 70 000 | ↗ 71 000 | ↗ 71 970 | ↗ 72 000 |
| 1986 | 1987 | 1989 | 1996 | 1998 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2005 | 2008 |
| → 72 000 | → 72 000 | ↘ 69 313 | ↘ 69 000 | ↘ 68 100 | ↘ 66 800 | ↘ 66 000 | ↘ 62 449 | ↘ 62 400 | ↘ 60 800 | ↘ 58 900 |
| 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||
| ↘ 58 541 | ↘ 58 486 | ↗ 58 500 | ↘ 58 357 | ↗ 58 616 | ↘ 58 570 | ↗ 58 795 | ↘ 58 690 | ↗ 58 723 | ||
As of January 1, 2019, the city was in 292nd place out of 1,115 cities in terms of population Russian Federation.
Economy
The city is historically the center of the textile industry, but (as of 2016) in fact, only the Shuya Calico factory operates in the city.
There are industrial enterprises in the city (data for 2016):
- "Shuiskaya accordion" - production of accordions, accordions, and children's furniture.
- "Shuiskaya Manufactory" - production of garments.
- "ShuyaTex+" - production of garments.
- "Egger woodproduct" - chipboard production.
- Shuya plant "Aquarius" - assembly of computer equipment.
- "Shuiskaya Vodka" - production of vodka, tinctures and liqueurs.
- "Agro-Expert" is a manufacturer of compound feed.
In 2011, the Grand Hotel Shuya hotel complex of European level (three stars) was opened.
Education
The city operates:
- Shuisky branch of Ivanovsky state university(until 2013 - Shuya State Pedagogical University);
- Shuisky branch of Ivanovsky medical college(until 2016 - Shuya Medical College);
- Shuisky branch of Ivanovo Industrial and Economic College (formerly Shuisky Industrial College);
- Shuya Technological College (until 2014 - Shuya Vocational Lyceum No. 4);
- Shuya Multidisciplinary College (until 2014 - Shuya Professional Lyceum No. 42).
There are 14 schools in the city, including:
- six medium
- four main ones,
- two initial ones,
- two gymnasiums,
In total, about 7,500 schoolchildren study there.
Culture
Cinema
Cinema "Rodina"
Museums
Museums: Konstantin Balmont Literary and Local History Museum, Shuya Historical, Art and Memorial Museum named after M. V. Frunze, Soap Museum. The Historical and Art Museum houses the world's largest collection of Russian and foreign vessels with secrets, donated to the museum by a native of the city, A. T. Kalinin. The Soap Museum has unique exhibits illustrating the history of soap making in Shuya.
The Museum of Military Glory of the city of Shuya was opened in 2010.
Attractions
Objects cultural heritage Shui at Wikimedia Commons
City government building. Beginning of the 19th century - 1905
In 2010, the city was included in the list of historical settlements of federal significance.
Buildings and constructions
- Cart scales (“vazhnya”) is a unique architectural object of federal significance, the only pavilion with scales for carts preserved in the country. Measuring scales have been located on the Central (former Trade) Square since 1820. The structure has the shape of a classic portal with columns supporting the roof. The author of the project is called the architect Maricelli. In 2015, a complete restoration of the crumbling object was carried out, to which federal budget More than 10 million rubles were allocated.
Monuments
On October 17, 2007, a monument to the clergy and laity of the Russian Orthodox Church who died during the persecution of the church by the Bolsheviks in the 1920-1930s, the work of sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov, was unveiled.
Transport
City transport is represented by more than 20 bus routes, operating from 4 hours 40 minutes to 22 hours 40 minutes.
Shuya is connected by intercity buses to Moscow, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kovrov, Ivanovo, Kineshma and other settlements of the Ivanovo region.
There are railway connections with Moscow (four high-speed Lastochka trains per day), St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod (daily), Samara and Ufa (every other day).
mass media
- Private owner Shuya
- Local Demand and Local Store (founded 2002).
- Shuya news.
A television:
- Teza TV
Cable TV:
- LLC "Cable Television Systems"
Terrestrial television: 20 channels.
Temples
Resurrection Cathedral
By 1917 there were 20 churches in the city. Complex of the Resurrection Cathedral early XIX century is known for its 106-meter bell tower - the first in Europe among belfries standing separately from churches. In 1891, the seventh largest bell in Russia (weighing 1,270 pounds) was raised to the third tier of the bell tower. It was cast at the expense of the largest manufacturer M.A. Pavlov. Since 1991, the Resurrection Cathedral has been the courtyard of the St. Nicholas-Shartomsky Monastery - the Shuya Orthodox monastery, known since 1425.
see also
- Population of the Ivanovo region
Notes
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (Russian)(July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- THE USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the union republics on January 1, 1980 / Comp. V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Evseeva. - M.: Izvestia, 1980. - 702 p.- P. 122.
- Photo of a city sign from the USSR era
- ON THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF THE IVANOVSK REGION (as amended as of: 02/04/2015), Law of the Ivanovo Region dated December 14, 2010 No. 145-OZ (undefined) . docs.cntd.ru
- Etymology of the word Shuya (undefined)
- Stolbov V. P. V. P. Stolbov about the Old Believers of Ivanovo (undefined) . Archive and library of the priest. Yakova Krotova. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
- Posylin, Alexey Ivanovich// Russian biographical dictionary: in 25 volumes. - St. Petersburg. - M., 1896-1918.
- Tikhonravov K. Posylins // Zap. Yuryevsky village village. households - 1860. - Issue. I, adj. - pp. 29-30.
- Lists populated areas Russian Empire, Cartologist(November 15, 2009). Retrieved November 30, 2017.
- 7th Chernigov (Vladimir) named after "Yugo-Stal" Infantry Red Banner Division: History of combat and peaceful life for 10 years. - Chernigov: Publishing house. Political department. State type, 1928. Archived April 26, 2014. Archived copy from April 26, 2014 on the Wayback Machine
- IVANOVO REMEMBERS: GOLDEN STARS (undefined) . www.ivanovo1945.ru. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
- The building in which during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 The 85th Howitzer Regiment of the RGK and the 354th Reserve Rifle Regiment were formed. (undefined) . nasledie-archive.ru. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
- Countries / Russia / Shuya. (unavailable link)
- Krivova N. A. Power and the Church in 1922-1925. Archived from the original on April 7, 2009.
- Letter to members of the Politburo dated March 19, 1922 (Lenin) (undefined) . Wikisource. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
- Letter from L. D. Trotsky to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) with proposals for repressions against the clergy, adopted by the Politburo with the amendment of V. M. Molotov on March 22, 1922. Archived on June 24, 2008.
- Monument to the victims of the war on religion erected (undefined) . Local demand(August 22, 2007). Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- People's encyclopedia "My City". Shuya (undefined) . Retrieved November 19, 2013. Archived November 19, 2013.
- All-Union Population Census of 1939. The size of the urban population of the USSR by urban settlements and intracity areas (undefined) . Retrieved November 30, 2013. Archived November 30, 2013.
- All-Union Population Census of 1959. The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender (Russian)
- All-Union Population Census of 1970 The size of the urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by gender. (Russian). Demoscope Weekly. Retrieved September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
- Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, volume 1. Number and distribution of the population of the Ivanovo region (undefined) . Retrieved August 8, 2014. Archived August 8, 2014.
- National economy USSR 1922-1982 (Anniversary statistical yearbook)
- National economy of the USSR for 70 years: anniversary statistical yearbook: [arch. June 28, 2016] / USSR State Committee on Statistics. - Moscow: Finance and Statistics, 1987. - 766 p.
- All-Russian population census 2002. Volume. 1, table 4. Population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements- regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3 thousand or more (undefined) . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012.
- The permanent population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 (undefined) . Retrieved January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated resident population as of January 1, 2012 (undefined) . Retrieved May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M.: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) (undefined) . Retrieved November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- Table 33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 (undefined) . Retrieved August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 (undefined) . Retrieved August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- taking into account the cities of Crimea
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2019. Table “21. Population of cities and towns by federal districts and constituent entities of the Russian Federation as of January 1, 2019" (undefined) (RAR archive (1.0 MB)). Federal State Statistics Service.
- Soap Museum (undefined) . Retrieved March 16, 2019.
- Cart scales have been transformed (undefined) . Information publication “Local demand” (09.29.2015).
Literature
- Nevolin P.I. Shuya, city // encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
- Lyadov I.M. Handicrafts, crafts, crafts and trade of residents of the city of Shuya and Shuya district Vladimir province. - Vladimir on Klyazma: Tipo-lit. lips land council, 1876.
Links
- Shuya in the encyclopedia “My City”
- Official website of the Shuya city administration
- Shuisky city socio-cultural complex
- Aerial photograph of the city of Shuya in 1943
- Temples of the city of Shuya
- List of cultural heritage monuments of the city of Shuya in Wikivoyage
Finding Shuya on a map of Russia is very simple - it is a small town located in the central part of the Ivanovo region. He has status administrative center district of the same name, which it is not part of. The population in 2017 was 58.7 thousand people - the third figure in the region after Ivanovo and Kineshma.
The city was founded in 1539 and was previously called Borisoglebskaya Sloboda.
Shuya on the map of Russia, geography, nature and climate
Shuya is in Klyazma interfluve And Volga, it crosses from north to south Teza River, in addition, it flows here Sekha tributary.
The city is located in a temperate continental climate zone with pronounced seasonal weather changes. The coldest month is January (-12.1°C), and the warmest month is July (+18.1°C). Due to the constant activity of cyclones, this area is characterized by frequent changes in weather patterns. The maximum amount of precipitation occurs in the summer.
Shuya is located at the junction of two natural areas– mixed forests and European taiga.
Routes on the map of Shuya. Transport infrastructure
A railway line runs through the city, going south to Savino, and north to Ivanovo. Shuya station receives passenger trains traveling to Moscow and St. Petersburg. Also, commuter trains to Kovrov and Ivanovo pass through it.
- Shuya is located on highway P152, connecting Rostov with Nizhny Novgorod. It provides access to federal highways M7 And M8.
- From north to south the settlement is crossed regional highway P71 Seninskie Dvoriki-Kineshma, which flows into the highway M7.
Runs through the city streets public transport, one and a half dozen bus routes have been developed.
From the local bus station you can get to many settlements in the Ivanovo region, including:
- Kineshma;
- Palekh;
- Puchezh;
- Pestyaki;
- Ivanovo.
There are also intercity routes to Moscow, Kostroma, Kovrov, Murom, Yaroslavl, transit buses go to Nizhny Novgorod, Cheboksary and Vladimir.
Sights of the city of Shuya
The map of Shuya with streets allows you to see where all the iconic places of this ancient city are located.
- One of most interesting places soap museum, where you can not only learn about the history of local soap making, but also take part in the preparation of this product yourself.
- Shuya is the birthplace of the famous symbolist poet Silver Age K. Balmont, in whose memory he works Literary Museum his name. The museum building is an architectural monument of the pseudo-Russian style.
- Are of great interest remains of the city prison, which has long been one of the symbols of Shuya. It became famous for its prisoners - at one time, eminent boyars of the era of Ivan the Terrible and the Soviet military leader M. Frunze were imprisoned here.
- In the city you can see monument to clergy and laity of the Russian Orthodox Church who fell during the years of Bolshevik persecution.
- Shuya is famous for its churches - here is Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov, as well as the Transfiguration Cathedral.
- IN Ivanovo chintz museum will talk about the origin, formation and achievements of the fishery, which has become business card region.
Main streets of Shuya
On the map of Shuya with houses you can find all 363 streets and avenues, as well as over three thousand buildings and structures. Among the main ones are:
- Lenin Street– one of the central city highways. It starts from the connection of Komsomolskaya and Vasilyevskaya streets, and at the end it turns into the Vasilievsky tract. The Passage, the central market and the city library are located in this area.
- Sovetskaya Street- at one time it was called Millionnaya because large number rich houses of the local nobility. This is where the building is located municipal administration, a memorial to soldiers who fell during the Great Patriotic War, as well as the first monument to M. Frunze erected in the country.
- General Belov Street- named after a fellow countryman, a famous military figure who took part in the defense of Tula. Passes by the Temple of Xenia of St. Petersburg.
- Sverdlova Street(formerly called Kovrovskaya) - starts from Green Square, where the monument to the clergy who died for the faith is located, nearby is the five-tiered stone bell tower of the Resurrection Cathedral.
Economy and industry of the city of Shuya
Looking at a satellite map of Shuya, it is not difficult to spot local businesses. Traditionally, the city specialized in the production of fabrics and today the Shuya Calico factory operates here, which produces fabric and clothing products from cotton.
The Shuyskaya Garmon enterprise produces keyboard and pneumatic instruments, as well as furniture products.
The local Aquarius plant assembles electronic equipment, and the Shuyskaya Vodka enterprise produces alcoholic drinks.
Shuya also has its own furniture, wool-cloth and stitching factory.
In total, as of 2018, there are 17 companies listed in the register of Shuya enterprises.
origin of name
One version says that in place modern city Shuya was a settlement of the Finno-Ugric tribes Merya and Chud. The name of the city may come from the Finnish word "suo", which means "marshy area", "swamp". There is also a Slavic version of the origin: the name may go back to the ancient Slavic word “oshyu” (on the left hand, on the left, on the left bank of the river).
Shuya in ancient times
The fact that Shuya is a fairly ancient settlement can be evidenced by burials found in the 20th century near the modern city. The burials were called Semukhinsky mounds, and they appeared on this territory in the 10th-11th centuries. Coins found in burials indicate that the people who lived here actively traded with the East and the Normans.
There is a legend that Shuya was once the capital of White Russia (that is, Northern Rus'), and the word “Shuya” itself could be translated from Sarmatian as “capital”. Since the Sarmatians were one of the pre-Slavic peoples on Russian lands, the legends indicate that Shuya has a very ancient history. The “Sarmatian” version of the origin of the city’s name was first proposed in the book “Picture of Russia,” published back in 1807.
Shuya Principality
The emergence of the Shuya principality dates back to 1378. Yuri Vasilyevich, the second son of the Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal prince Vasily Kirdyapa, becomes an appanage prince on this land. Yuri Vasilyevich is the founder of the famous family of princes Shuisky, who played an important role in Russian politics in the XVI-XVII centuries. It was to this family that the last king from the Rurik dynasty, Vasily Ivanovich Shuisky, who ruled the state in 1606-1610, belonged. According to the testimony of contemporaries, already, as a tsar, Shuisky often visited his estate. Here he could relax and practice falconry. According to legend, Princess Anna, the daughter of Vasily Ivanovich, was buried in the village of Melnichnoye (today it is a suburb of Shuya). Other well-known surnames in Russia also come from the princely family of the Shuiskys: Skopin-Shuisky, Gorbatye-Shuisky and Glazatye-Shuisky.
During internecine war between Dmitry Shemyaka and Vasily II the Dark, the Shuya princes Fyodor and Vasily took Shemyaka’s side. As a result, they managed to gain control of Nizhny Novgorod and Suzdal for some time. However, Vasily II soon won. The Shui princes were forced to recognize his power, but they themselves were deprived of the right to reign. Shuya land was part of the Suzdal district for several centuries. Officially, the Shuya principality lost its independence in 1448, when the Shuya prince Ivan Gorbaty voluntarily transferred the Horde labels to Vasily II.
Shuya city
Despite the fact that the Shuya principality arose in the 14th century, the first written mentions of Shuya itself date back to 1539. The city was first mentioned in the Nikon Chronicle among the settlements devastated by Khan Safa-Girey. Shuya dates back to 1539. In earlier documents, Shuya is mentioned under the name Borisoglebskaya Sloboda (in honor of the Church of Saints Boris and Gleb located in the city).
In 1549, Ivan the Terrible passed through Shuya on his way to capture Kazan. The city was included in the oprichnina, which included 19 other cities, and declared the property of the tsar. Shuya was inherited by Ivan the Terrible's son, Fedor. The city was repeatedly attacked by foreigners. In 1609, it was ravaged by the Poles, and 10 years later, in 1619, Shuya was attacked by the Lithuanians, who also ravaged the city.
In 1722, Peter I visited Shuya. On the way to the Persian campaign, the king decided to visit the city to venerate the local shrine - the miraculous icon of the Shuya-Smolensk Mother of God, which was located in the Ascension Church. According to legend, the icon was painted in 1654-1655. At this time there was a pestilence epidemic in the city. Eyewitnesses claim that after the icon was completed, the pestilence suddenly left Shuya. Since then, miraculous properties have been attributed to the holy face. Peter was seriously ill and wanted to transport the icon to St. Petersburg to find healing. When the residents of the city learned about the king’s intentions, they fell to their knees before Peter, begging him not to take away the “intercessor” from Shuya.
At the end of the 1720s, Elizaveta Petrovna lived in Shuya. The daughter of Peter I loved to hunt in the local forests. Remembers the city and another heir Russian throne- the future Tsar Alexander II. The Tsarevich arrived in Shuya in 1837 during his trip to Russia. Alexander was accompanied by the famous Russian poet V. A. Zhukovsky. The young heir got acquainted with local attractions, and also visited the houses of the richest residents of Shuya - the merchants Kiselyovs and Posylins.
Textile industry and merchants in Shuya
The development of industry in Shuya began much earlier than in many other Russian cities. This was facilitated by the city's convenient location on the Teza, a navigable river. Since ancient times, the textile industry and trade have been considered the main occupations of the residents of Shuya. On the site of the modern Gostiny Dvor in the city there was once an inn for visiting merchants. Not only non-residents, but also foreign “trading people” came to trade in Shuya. For example, in 1654, a shop of the English-Arkhangelsk trading company appeared in the city. In addition, the city often held fairs that were famous throughout the country. The first manufactory appeared here in 1755. The founder of the manufactory was the merchant Yakov Igumnov. The merchant received a special document from the Shuya voivodeship office that allowed the opening of a factory.
In 1781, Catherine II issued a decree on the formation of the Vladimir governorship. In the same year, the coat of arms of Shuya was approved. Since soap production was one of the main specializations of the city, a large yellow bar of soap appeared on the coat of arms. This beam can also be seen on the modern city coat of arms. The first soap factories appeared in Shuya in the 17th century, as evidenced by the scribe book of Afanasy Vekov and the clerk Selivester Ivanov (1629). The industrial character of Shuya was determined back in the 16th century. In addition to soap making, the sheepskin and fur trade was widespread in the city, especially flourishing in the 16th-17th centuries. Tsar Vasily Shuisky even received the nickname “fur coat” among the people.
The production of linen fabrics has also developed in Shuya since ancient times. Many peasants and townspeople were engaged in the production of canvas. After the appearance of the Igumnov manufactory in the city, Shuya cotton begins to conquer the world market. The Kiselyov merchant dynasty was one of the first in the city to organize the supply of English yarn, despite the fact that yarn could be bought in the outskirts of the city. The Posylin brothers also opened their own paper spinning factory, which operated using steam engines. Products manufactured at the Posylins' enterprise were awarded a gold medal in 1829 at the First All-Russian Exhibition of Manufacturing Industry, held in St. Petersburg. Famous writer In the 19th century, Dmitry Shelekhov spoke of the Posylin dynasty as “prudent and persistent in the execution of their planned enterprises.” According to Shelekhov, the Posylin manufactory had every chance of becoming one of the best in Russian Empire. The growth of industry led to an increase in the city's population. In the middle of the 19th century, more than eight thousand people lived in Shuya.
In the List of populated places of the Vladimir province, according to information from 1859, Shuya is listed as county town Shuya district near the Teza River. The city had 675 houses and 8,555 residents of both sexes - 3,965 males and 4,590 females. Listed: 6 Orthodox churches, district and parish schools, district theological school, 2 hospitals (city and Kiselev merchants), postal station, fair, bazaar, pier, factories and factories - 21.
Shuya musical instruments
Residents of Shuya were engaged not only in “serious” trades. In 1887, the city established the production of handmade musical instruments. The city becomes the birthplace of the Shuya accordion, which has become popular far beyond Shuya. The first accordions were created on the basis of the Viennese model (single-row and double-row). However, the craftsmen were instructed to adhere to the “Russian spirit” in their work.
A few years after the release of the first models, a new one appeared, called “Khromka,” which was a two-row diatonic model. "Khromka" surpassed its predecessors thanks to its improved structure. The difference between the Khromka and the Viennese model was that the pitch of the sound in it did not depend on the direction of movement of the bellows, which greatly simplified playing the instrument. “Khromka” became most widespread in Russia in the 20th century. Thanks to this model, an autonomous industry was born in the city. “Khromka” was constantly improved, and this process has not stopped to this day. Today, many Russian musical groups use instruments made in Shuya.
Shuya case
Like all Russian cities, Shuya went through a revolution and civil war. One of the tragic episodes in the history of the city was the so-called Shuya affair. On March 15, 1922, most of the city's residents (mostly workers) went to the central square and staged a rally. The new authorities were going to seize church valuables from the Ascension Church. Despite the active propaganda of atheism, the residents of Shuya were against their city being deprived of shrines that had been there for centuries. The authorities were forced to use military force and opened machine-gun fire. Several people, including one child, were killed.
On March 19, news of the incident reached Lenin. The events in Shuya were recognized as an attempt to resist Soviet power on the part of the Shuya clergy. On March 22, repressions against the clergy of Shuya began in the city. The repressions were led by Leon Trotsky. Within a few weeks, Priest John Rozhdestvensky, Archpriest Pavel Svetozarov, and layman Pyotr Yazykov were shot. The latter was accused of helping the “ideological enemies” of Soviet power.
In 1924, the Temple of Elijah the Prophet, founded in 1834, was closed in Shuya. The last priest to conduct services in the church was Father Nikolai. For a long time, the club of the Shuisky Proletary enterprise was located in the temple building. Residents of the city called this club "Atheist".
Since the end of the twentieth century, Russia has seen a return to the spiritual values of its ancestors. Restoration of the destroyed Soviet power temples and churches. In 2007, a monument to clergy and laity who suffered from repression was erected in Shuya. Restoration work is being carried out in the Temple of Elijah the Prophet, both outside and inside. Father Nikolai (Oshoev), hieromonk of the Holy Dormition-Kazan Monastery, became the first priest in our days to conduct a service within the walls of the temple. The first service took place on August 2, 2009. Since then, services have been held regularly.
The city of Shuya is located on the territory of the state (country) Russia, which in turn is located on the territory of the continent Europe.Which federal district does the city of Shuya belong to?
Shuya is included in federal district: Central.The Federal District is an enlarged territory consisting of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
In what region is the city of Shuya located?
The city of Shuya is part of the Ivanovo region.A characteristic of a region or a subject of a country is the integrity and interconnection of its constituent elements, including cities and other settlements that are part of the region.
The Ivanovo region is an administrative unit of the state of Russia.
