Pours over the collar. Lay by the collar - what does it mean? Drinking is not a crime or a disease

How to lay time bombs in yourself? And during self-study, she remembered that in her girlhood at one time two guys looked after her. And she could not make a choice in any way - with whom to stay? And at this time, the film "Moscow - my love" was released on the screens of the country,

CHAPTER 1 How to lay in yourself the qualities necessary for an athlete

CHAPTER 1 How to instill in yourself the qualities necessary for an athlete It was on vacation in Mexico. In my opinion, in 2001. I decided to try to play golf, which was completely alien and unfamiliar to me. I picked up a club and on the first try launched the ball three hundred meters. My friend who

The Russian language is full of winged expressions and phraseological units, but it is far from always clear why they began to speak like that, and where such a statement came from, and what exactly it means. However, it is extremely interesting to study such phrases and their origin. For example, what does it mean to pawn by the collar?

The meaning of the catchphrase

This phrase means "to drink", "to drink". So, for example, when they say about a person "he often pawns his collar," it means that he suffers from alcohol addiction. The meaning of the phrase is clear, but why did they begin to say so? And here is the collar, and what is laid for it? The answer can be found in history.

Origin of the phrase

Laying by the collar began under Peter I. The fact is that during his reign, the emperor ordered to put a brand on the left collarbones of shipbuilders. This was done so that the artisans did not run away to other work. Such a stigma allowed them to drink a glass of vodka in a tavern absolutely free. To do this, the shipbuilder simply had to unbutton the collar and show the branded area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin. Only the best masters were subjected to such a procedure. However, this is a reward or punishment is still a very big question. This theory is one of the most widespread, but there is not a single documentary evidence its credibility.

Alternative versions of the origin of the expression "pawn by the collar"

There is another theory that the statement also appeared under Peter I, but already because of drunkards. A medal for drunkenness was hung around their neck, which could not be removed. The owners of such an "award" were also entitled to a glass of vodka free of charge, it was enough just to show the medal.

Perhaps the phrase appeared due to the manner of tucking a napkin into the collar before drinking before a meal. There is another opinion about the origin of this statement, and it is directly related to appearance this piece of clothing. Previously, the collar was sewn with a stand, and from the side it really seemed that when eating or drinking, a person throws something for him.

A similar phrase - to lay behind a tie - is attributed to Guards Colonel Raevsky.

Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky in the "Old notebook", describing Raevsky as a joker and ringleader, emphasizes that this man managed to enrich the lexicon of the guardsmen with many phrases that never went out of use. For example, in addition to "pawn for a tie," he introduced "podshofe", "framboise." It is curious that all these statements are somehow connected with alcohol or with the consequences of its use.This is most likely because the military of that time rarely denied themselves a drink.

MOSCOW, 23 Nov— RIA Novosti, Irina Khaletskaya. Wooden bunk beds, cold floor, and after that - a fine and a photo on the board of shame. In the Soviet Union, the sobering-up station system was part of the fight against immorality and drunkenness. Both hooligans, who had a place in the police department, and pretty drunks, who often needed health care. The Ministry of Internal Affairs periodically demanded to remove "sober" from the list of their duties, but the Ministry of Health fought them off in every possible way.

As a result, receivers were eliminated throughout the country in 2011. Officially, there are still no sobering-up stations in Russia, but in some regions they work - however, not at all like in Soviet times. The current legislation does not regulate the activities of such institutions. RIA Novosti correspondent found out what sobering-up stations exist today and whether this system needs to be revived on a federal scale.

"Wake up" as a social service

"These are sincere people, kind. They kiss nurses on the hands," Mikhail Bululukov, head of the "receiver" in Nizhny Novgorod, speaks of his clients with love. The local help center for people in a state of intoxication opened two years ago, has nothing to do with either a medical institution or the police and operates on the basis of a municipal social center"Hope".

Bululukov - lieutenant colonel of the reserve, served in the Airborne Forces for almost 30 years, then began to teach patriotic education at schoolchildren. He says when he was offered to head the sobering-up station, he agreed without hesitation.

“Our institution, although it is called by the people in the old fashioned way, is not very similar to the former sobering-up stations. Until now, people are sure that now they will be doused with cold water, undressed, and then they will also write out a fine and report to work. It’s not like that with us: stay exclusively voluntary, anonymous and free of charge. All expenses are covered by the municipality,” says the head.

According to Bululukov, only those who are in an average degree of intoxication are accepted in the sobering-up station.

"Mild degree - when a person has gone over a little and he wants to have more fun. Such clients interfere with us, do not let others sleep. And those who are already in serious condition should be hospitalized and treated as soon as possible," the head clarifies. all in a row: I tried to explain to them how to at least visually determine the degree of intoxication.

© Photo: provided by the head of the aid point, Mikhail Bululukov

When applying for a job, future employees of the sobering-up center are selected: they must have experience working in a hospital emergency department or in an ambulance. Bululukov explains this by the fact that such doctors know in practice how to take urgent measures. So, in two years they managed to save almost 20 people from death. Outwardly, the sobering-up station is not much different from a regular hospital: three wards, each with five beds.

All beds have mattresses in covers made of antibacterial film and disposable sheets. Pillows and blankets are not provided to avoid lice. There is one women's ward, but there are very few cases when the fair sex is brought here - about 4%. “The police don’t really want to get in touch with them. They are noisy. They sit down with the guard and start flirting, then having fun, then crying.

© Photo: provided by the head of the aid point, Mikhail Bululukov

A client can stay in the center for up to a day, but, according to the chief, people usually need a few hours to get enough sleep. After that, you can take a shower, call your relatives and, after examining a doctor, go home.

There is a stable stereotype: only hopeless alcoholics and homeless people get into "sober drinking". However, Bululukov says that in his practice there were a variety of cases: “Once they brought a man - he looked normal, but his clothes were dirty and torn. They started to find out, it turned out that he had come from Krasnodar to work. I already wanted to return home, but at the station he got drunk, his money was stolen. He woke up in a garbage heap, and all that was left of his things was his passport, which the thieves hid in his shorts."

© Photo: provided by the head of the aid point, Mikhail Bululukov

© Photo: provided by the head of the aid point, Mikhail Bululukov

For example, two centers have already been opened in the Ivanovo region - in Ivanovo itself and a small one in Kineshma. There is everything you need: wards for several beds, a room for staff, a dressing room, a bathroom, a shower room. Doctors work here, they are assisted by a police officer on duty. But the difference between these institutions and the Nizhny Novgorod sobering-up center is that they work on the basis of a narcological dispensary and are attached to the regional Ministry of Health.

Drinking is not a crime or a disease

Vladimir Yegorov, deputy director for expert work of the Moscow Scientific and Practical Center for Narcology, believes that sobering-up stations that work at medical institutions are the most unfortunate option for reviving the "receiver" system.

According to Egorov, doctors in such institutions actually provide services that are not medical, and this is too expensive: about 9% of the budget of all healthcare institutions. “A person who has gone too far just needs to sleep in a warm room. He does not need medical assistance. But hospitals and dispensaries are forced to play it safe once again and leave the drunk under supervision. Often aggressive behavior these "clients" leads to the disorganization of the work of admissions departments," the expert explains.

The work of sobering-up centers, according to the narcologist, is not currently regulated by any law, which does not give them the opportunity to develop into modern institutions.

"Alcoholic intoxication does not apply to either diseases or severe mental disorders, which means that keeping a person against his will is unacceptable in the current version of the law" On Health Care ". In addition, drunkenness is not a criminal or administrative crime. After all, no one will violate the law, for example, if it lies quietly in a ditch. Therefore, it is impossible to take and hold against the will. And even more so, it is not always possible to get consent from a barely standing person. So until government lawyers regulate this area, sobering-up stations will not work properly," Vladimir Yegorov believes.

"Move over, I have a ticket"

“Remembering how I ended up in the “sober” is funny and terrible at the same time,” says 42-year-old Maxim. He was in the “receiver” only once - back in the 90s. V public place, for which they were twisted by policemen and taken to the department.

“A little later, another man was brought into the cage, who approached our shop and said:“ Move over, I have an entrance ticket. ”We began to wonder what kind of ticket this is? And he takes a bottle of vodka out of his sleeve.”

It ended up, Maxim recalls, that all three got drunk right in the cell and began to behave defiantly. The policemen took them to the sobering-up station.

“There we were stripped down to our underpants, asked to squat with our eyes closed, to walk along a narrow floorboard. Then we were given sheets and sent to the “hut”. The bunks were single, the bars were from floor to ceiling. Sometimes employees gave us a drink of water from a common mug. toilet. Drunkards in the "windmill" were talking, making plans for the next day. Life was in full swing. It was cold in the cell, the sheet did not save. But for a "sober man", it's probably the norm to bring insane people to their senses faster, "he says .

Maxim is sure that the sobering-up stations that were in the Soviet Union will not be able to take root in modern Russia: "Not those orders, not those laws, and everyone now knows their rights. People could be humiliated there. But the idea itself is good: the streets were cleared of the homeless, heavily drunk and hooligans."

Deputy brainstorming

In the near future, detention centers for drunks can be revived in 11 cities of Russia - where in 2018 year will pass Soccer World Cup. The initiative is discussed in St. Petersburg, in December the deputies of the Moscow City Duma intend to discuss the issue of organizing such centers in the capital.

Duma chairman Alexei Shaposhnikov told a RIA Novosti correspondent that so far the most acceptable solution seems to be the creation of budget institutions. They will work together with the police, having previously obtained a license to provide first aid. At the same time, the chairman notes, the centers are intended for drunk people who do not need medical assistance. Their stay should be voluntary, therefore, according to Shaposhnikov, there is no need to make changes to the legal framework.

Another deputy of the Moscow City Duma, Vladimir Platonov, sees prospects in the establishment of sobering-up stations under the system of public-private partnership (PPP). As an example, he cites Yakutia, where such "receivers" are created as private clinics, and then they conclude an agreement with the Ministry of Health.

"If the patient is delivered by the police, medical services are provided to him free of charge, and if relatives or friends, then all procedures will have to be paid. The PPP Institute allows you to combine certain social guarantees and high level service," says Platonov.

The deputy is sure: it is no longer possible to postpone the issue of creating sobering-up stations for an indefinite period. But returning the former Soviet system is inexpedient and illegal, and the time has long passed. Now it is more important to find a balance between maintaining the principles of voluntariness and taking into account the interests of other people who may suffer from the neighborhood with a drunk person.

The Russian language is full of winged expressions and phraseological units, but it is far from always clear why they began to speak like that, and where such a statement came from, and what exactly it means. However, it is extremely interesting to study such phrases and their origin. For example, what does it mean to pawn by the collar?

The meaning of the catchphrase

This phrase means "to drink", "to drink". So, for example, when they say about a person "he often pawns his collar," it means that he suffers from alcohol addiction. The meaning of the phrase is clear, but why did they begin to say so? And here is the collar, and what is laid for it? The answer can be found in history.

Origin of the phrase

Laying by the collar began under Peter I. The fact is that during his reign, the emperor ordered to put a brand on the left collarbones of shipbuilders. This was done so that the artisans did not run away to other work. Such a stigma allowed them to drink a glass of vodka in a tavern absolutely free. To do this, the shipbuilder simply had to unbutton the collar and show the branded area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin. Only the best masters were subjected to such a procedure. However, this is a reward or punishment is still a very big question. This theory is one of the most common, but there is not a single documentary evidence of its reliability.

Alternative versions of the origin of the expression "pawn by the collar"

There is another theory that the statement also appeared under Peter I, but already because of drunkards. A medal for drunkenness was hung around their neck, which could not be removed. The owners of such an "award" were also entitled to a glass of vodka free of charge, it was enough just to show the medal.

Perhaps the phrase appeared due to the manner of tucking a napkin into the collar before drinking before a meal. There is another opinion about the origin of this statement, and it is directly related to the appearance of this piece of clothing. Previously, the collar was sewn with a stand, and from the side it really seemed that when eating or drinking, a person throws something for him.

A similar phrase - to lay behind a tie - is attributed to Guards Colonel Raevsky.

Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky in the "Old Notebook", describing Raevsky as a joker and ringleader, emphasizes that this man managed to enrich the lexicon of the guardsmen with many phrases that never went out of use. For example, in addition to "pawn for a tie," he introduced into use "podshofe", "framboise". It is curious that all these statements are somehow connected with alcohol or with the consequences of its use. This is most likely because the military of that time rarely denied themselves a drink.

Very often, the origin of the expression is explained by a legend according to which, in the time of Peter the Great, shipbuilders were entitled to free booze, and the mark on their necks was evidence of this right. Allegedly, this is where the expression “lay behind the collar” came from, since the brand was just behind the collar, and the characteristic gesture denoting drinking is a snap of a finger on the neck.

The story is original, but it's just a myth. Drunkenness during the time of Peter I in the artisan environment was not only not encouraged, but was severely punished. There was a severe penalty for drunkenness - the offender had to wear a cast-iron medal "For drunkenness" on a heavy chain for several days in a row, such an "award" weighed about 10 kg. As a result of the punishment, the drunkards had bruises on their necks, at the sight of which the innkeepers recognized their regular customers in advance. By the way, the custom to call drinkers "bruise" also came from there. As for the phrase "to lay behind the collar" - it has nothing to do with Peter the Great and his time.

Research by V.V. Vinogradova

The winged expression "lay behind the collar" appeared relatively recently, at the end of the 18th century. At first, it looked like "pawn for a tie", "pour for a tie", "pass for a tie", sometimes, in a vulgar style, even "fuck for a tie". The expression came from the military environment, the word “lay” indirectly indicates this (they usually lay a shell, mine or something similar). According to the notes of Prince P.A. Vyazemsky, the author was a certain guards colonel by the name of Raevsky. He had a sharp tongue and a certain penchant for linguistics, so that thanks to him many new words and expressions appeared in the language of the Guards. He just invented the phrase "miss for a tie", which meant "to drink too much."

From military officer slang, the expression “to pawn for a tie” gradually migrated to a common colloquial speech. True, unlike military drinkers, not all civilian drunkards wore ties, so the phrase was somewhat transformed. They began to “lay” “by the collar”, because there was something, and absolutely everyone wore collars. Thus, the expression “to lay behind the collar” in some way has its own inventor - his last name is known and even the approximate time when he created this linguistic creation. From the military environment, the phrase passed to the people, and there it was already adapted to a wider audience.