Secondary vocational education in Russia

Educational institutions

In Soviet times, secondary vocational education could be obtained in technical schools, as well as colleges (for example, a medical school).

In the post-Soviet time, part of the technical schools is renamed colleges. Currently, secondary vocational education can be obtained in technical colleges and colleges. Differences in terms are defined in a typical position on the educational institution of secondary vocational education (average special educational institution):

7. The following types of secondary special educational institutions are established:
a) technical school - secondary special educational institution, implementing the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training;
b) College - secondary special educational institution, implementing the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of in-depth training.

The list of specialties of secondary vocational education approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated April 12, 2005 No. 112 (as amended from 18.05.2006). From January 1, 2010. When admitting the main professional educational programs of secondary vocational education, implemented in accordance with federal state educational standards, the list of specialties of secondary vocational education approved by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated September 28, 2009 No. 355.

Features of SPO compared to initial vocational education

Institutions of NGOs (Primary vocational education) And the SPO is united and implement two-stage training on primary and secondary vocational education programs. In accordance with the Model Regulations on the educational institution of secondary vocational education, the educational institution is also called the term DSS (Secondary special educational institution).

1. A secondary vocational education aims to prepare middle-level specialists, meeting the needs of the personality in the deepening and expansion of education on the basis of the main general, medium (full) general or primary vocational education.
2. Citizens who have the initial vocational education of the relevant profile receive secondary vocational education on reduced programs.
3. Secondary vocational education can be obtained in educational institutions of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institutions) or at the first stage of educational institutions of higher professional education.
4. The educational institution of secondary vocational education may implement educational programs of primary vocational education in the presence of an appropriate license.

see also

Notes

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Books

• Electrotechnical Changes Workshop Tutorial Secondary Professional Education Hrustalev Z Knurus, Khrustaleva Z .. For each laboratory work, brief theoretical information, structural schemes of used devices and schemes for their connection, work order, control questions for ...

The structure of secondary vocational education plays today a crucial role in the preparation of highly skilled workers.

Every day the need for practitioners is increasing. At the same time, with the development of the economy and production, the requirements for their professionalism and qualification level are regularly enhanced.

Personnel deficit increases interest in secondary vocational education specialists. Positions that were previously discussed are increasingly in demand in the labor market. The question of training in these areas is becoming relevant. In this regard, specialized educational institutions engaged in the training of middle-level frames (souza), still occupy a solid place in the Russian education system.

Government agencies of secondary professional educational institutions to date on 280 different specialties. With the development and modification of production, this list is regularly growing and replenished.

Types of custody

Secondary vocational education can be implemented on two steps. Allocate initial and elevated levels.

To date, there are two types of educational institutions engaged in the training of specialists in the field of professional education of the second stage:

• technical school - the main type where students have the opportunity to get a secondary professional basic education;
• college - a higher level establishment where teaching on in-depth programs is being conducted (may be a subordinate department of the University or Institute or an independent structure).

Initial vocational education, in turn, can be obtained in lyceums and vocational schools (PTU). These educational institutions have a different educational base.

Professional lyceum differs from the school to a higher level of training of students.

At the end of the educational institution with in-depth teaching, a graduate is awarded the qualification "Specialist", students of lyceum and schools - "Initial Level Specialist".

Secondary professional elementary education

The average professional institutions in the field of initial training include specialized lyceums and colleges.

The number of institutions with basic training constitutes about 4 thousand to date in our country. They are visited by more than 1.5 million adolescents.

Citizens who received professional primary education are entitled to continue the learning career in high-level custodies on reduced programs.

Also, as necessary, students can get a certificate of general secondary education. To do this, we should pass the state exam, on the basis of which the relevant document is issued.

Graduates who received secondary professional education elementary education, have the right to continue the study career in technical schools, colleges, as well as in higher educational institutions.

Secondary vocational education education

Those who wish to get secondary education should be selected for receipt not by the lyceum, not vocational school, and college or technical school.

Russia has more than 2.5 thousand dues with in-depth study, which are visited by about 2.3 million students.

Increased level of secondary special educational institutions receive additional programs to educational norms:

• professional practice;
• in-depth study of individual items and disciplines;
• obtaining an additional specialty in parallel with the main one.

Learning in the high level dusses as close as possible to the university. Students here have a greater number of audited hours than in primary education institutions, exams and standings will pass, write coursework and thesis.

For example, students who choose a construction college, along with graduates of the university of the same destination, it is necessary to take and protect qualifying diploma projects related to specialized themes. The only difference is in the undergraduate requirements for students. Therefore, the average educational institutions of an elevated level can be considered the lowest stage of higher professional education.

Often, colleges are a university structural division and are under the Office of this educational institution. Students planning to continue learning in institutions of higher professional education should pay attention to this fact. Having a diploma of such a college, graduates are entitled to get relevant education at the University of Abbreviated Programs. This is a great advantage, as it makes it possible to reduce the term of study at university, as well as combine work and study.

Conditions of receipt

Persons who have received the main general or secondary general education can be received into the sseus. This item is one of the basic requirements.

Applicants of educational institutions of primary vocational education are exempt from the commissioning of mandatory entrance exams. For enrollment, it is necessary to submit the following documents:

• script document on school education (9 or 11 classes);
• 4 photos (3 x 4);
• medical certificate;
• copies of the passport and birth certificate;
• application addressed to the director of enrollment.

In some cases, when admission to individual specialties of secondary vocational education, if necessary, an interview with the candidate is carried out at the discretion of the educational institution. An applicant may be invited to pass written and on the level of knowledge on school subjects. Such requirements may be presented in the event that the number of people will be trained in this specialty exceeds the number of budget places. In such a situation, the competition is produced on the basis of the average points of the certificate and the results of the tests passed.

Reception in the institution of secondary professional education in high level is carried out on a competitive basis on the basis of entrance exams.

One of the basic requirements for DRAW is a license. Therefore, before submitting documents both to the state and commercial institution, you should make sure that the institution has a relevant document with the current validity period.

Students who need housing for the period of study are provided by a hostel.

The following categories of citizens are credited outside the contest in the DSSUs:

• orphans and children left without parental care;
• disabled children;
• faces of other categories whose preferential admission is provided for by the state.

With the development of modern information technologies, the process of submitting documents to medium-sized professional educational institutions is modified and simplified. Many institutions actively use Internet technologies to accept applications. The form of questionnaire is laid out on the official website of the educational institution.

This method is convenient and applicant, and members of the admission committee. In order to apply, it is necessary to fill out the form on the site of the educational institution. The decision to participate in the competition is remotely accepted. The originals of the applicant documents submitted after receiving a positive decision. Up to this point, his personal presence is optional.

Forms and duration of training

Secondary vocational education can be obtained in the following training forms:

• full-time;
• employment (evening);
• correspondence

The deadline for the initial vocational education is from two to three years on the basis of nine classes and from one to two years after the eleven classes. Terms directly depend on the educational institution and the selected specialty.

The duration of obtaining average elevated vocational education is also determined by the level of training of students. For those arrived after the nine classes, it ranges from three to four years. On the basis of eleven classes - from two to three years.

Date of submission of documents

Educational institutions have the right to set its time for the start of acceptance of documents. Usually, the Commission begins to work in June, after the end of the final exams (but no later than the 20th), and accepts applications until the end of August (but no later than the 26th).

It should be borne in mind that the deadlines for full-time and correspondence, budgetary and contractual forms of training can be varied.

Educational standards

As a rule, the standards of secondary vocational education consist of two parts. The first is the federal program approved by the Ministry of Education. Every year this document can be modified. General standards and requirements adopted in terms of custody are obliged to comply with all institutions of secondary vocational education.

The second is a program approved at the regional level. Therefore, persons studying in the same type of educational institutions can study different items and have a different number of audit hours.

Middle Professional Educational Education Programs Advanced Additional specialties on a budgetary or paid basis.

Upon graduation, students are mandatory after successful delivery of graduates is assigned qualifications. In the event of a negative result, the student receives a certificate of the course of studying in this institution, indicating the period and number of audit hours.

Persons who have not passed the final certification have the right to pass it the next year.

Financing

Students receiving secondary vocational education have the right to study in a training institution for free.

Graduates of establishments that have received a diploma of the entry level and decided to continue their educational career in colleges or technical schools, can also qualify for government funding.

Obtaining a second formation in a DSUs of the same level - only paid.

In addition, the lyceums and Ptopa of Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia offer the possibility of contractual training on a commercial basis.

Students undergoing training on the budget receive a scholarship in the prescribed manner.

Specialty secondary vocational education

For those who decided to receive humanitarian or technical education, specialty, the list of which is approved for educational institutions by the Ministry of Education, make it possible to master a decent profession.

Middle Professional Educational Institutions are trained in the following industries:

• rural and fisheries;
• medicine and health care;
• fuel and energy sphere;
• production of food, beverages and tobacco products;
• manufacturing textile products;
• manufacture of leather goods and shoes;
• woodworking;
• pulp and paper production;
• publishing and printing production, production of printed products;
• production of petroleum products, gas and nuclear industry;
• chemical production;
• production of electrical equipment and optical equipment;
• machine production;
• production of rubber and plastic products;
• metallurgy;
• transport production;
• furniture manufacturing;
• jewelry;
• making musical instruments;
• production of sporting goods;
• processing recycling;
• other production;
• hotel and restaurant service;
• trade (wholesale and retail);
• logistics;
• building;
• educational and pedagogical activity;
• medicine and health care;
• financial activities;
• social sciencies;
• the property;
• natural Sciences;
• humanitarian sciences;
• culture and art;
• economics and Management;
• information Security;
• service;
• land management and geodesy;
• geology and minerals;
• aircraft and rocket and space technology;
• marine equipment;
• radio engineering;
• automation and control;
• computer science and computing;
• timber care;
• environmental Protection and Life Safety.

Specialization of educational institutions is often associated with regional characteristics, specifics of the economy and production in a particular region. In order to prepare qualified personnel and trade relations are carried out.

Ptopa, technical school or college - what to give preference?

The choice of educational institution directly depends on your plans.

If, after graduation, you want to become a student of the university, the college is most suitable for learning under this specialty (for example, for subsequent arrival at the construction university it is worth choosing a building college; to further master the doctor's profession - a medical college and so on).

Highly qualified work specialty You will receive in a specialized technical school.

In levels of high levels are also engaged in the training of intellectual labor personnel of the average category - accountants, teachers of junior and middle classes, auditors, as well as specialists of many other destinations.

If you want to get a specialty in a short time, the best choice will be the secondary vocational education of the initial stage.

Medium special educational institutions

Since 2013, the new Law "On Education" canceled the division of institutions of the SPO by type, and all organizations carrying out educational activities on educational programs of secondary vocational education began to be called professional educational organizations().

◑ Colleges, Moscow technical schools

Middle Special Educational Institutions (Souza)

According to paragraph 3 of Article 23 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation", professional educational organization - Educational organization that provides educational activities for educational activities as the main purpose of its activities secondary vocational education and (or) on vocational training programs; Learning in Dusses lasts from 3 years (according to some specialties for two years) up to 4 years (in-depth preparation).

Modern zeys are very different from what was once. First of all, these are modern educational institutions with a complete set of necessary educational equipment and a qualified teaching staff.

In such educational institutions there are modern scientific laboratories and technical equipment that provides the learning process at the highest level.

Plus, the sough can count on the passage of practice at the enterprise, where showing himself from the best side, there are all chances to get a further work.

Most educational programs last 3 school years. That is, students learn instead of the tenth and eleventh grade of the school and the first year of the institute. After which graduates of a dust can go to the institute for the second course. In Dzazz, the school program is studied in one year of study, which means that the university program remains two years.

A big plus of modern special education is that simultaneously with general education, the student receives a profession. As a rule, this is a sought-after profession that is high demand in the labor market. This gives a great advantage over graduates of universities, which is currently very difficult to find work in the specialty.

And not a light feature that it is much easier to enter the secondary special institution than to the Institute.

Also, very many institutions with great enthusiasm accept students after the end of the Court, and even immediately on the second - the third course. Mostly, universities are used in such a practice, on the basis of which the average educational institutions have been created. In order to attract as many students as possible, the sseuz must keep up with the times. Therefore, many of them open up in demand and popular faculties as: designer, stylist, jeweler, accountant.

If you summarize a few words, the advantages of dazz before universities is:

• Receiving a specialty specialty simultaneously with general education
• Almost 100 percent employment at the end.
• The payment of a qualified specialist is often much higher than the payment of a graduate of the university.

◑ Secondary special educational institutions in Moscow

◑ Useful information

The most popular specialties in the labor market (Top 50 professions)

What is the difference between the diplomas of "state" and the diplomas of the "established" sample?

Many do not think, reading on the site of the educational institution about what a diploma receives a student after graduation in it, and this is extremely important! Before entering attentive and keep in mind that the above diplomas are two big differences!

January 3, 2020, general education school The procedure for granting grants to students who showed high achievements in the field of mathematics, computer science and digital technologies Resolution of December 27, 2019 №1873. The decision makes it possible to provide additional support for young people who have manifested outstanding ability to study important educational items for the development of a digital economy.

29 April 2019, general education school The government has introduced a draft law on changes in the statement of admission to pedagogical activities Order of April 29, 2019 №860-p. The draft law is designed to fulfill the decision of the Constitutional Court and in accordance with the instructions of the President of Russia.

10 April 2019, general education school Tatyana Golikova performed at the opening of the Moscow International Education Salon MMSO is one of the largest open forums in the field of education and a large-scale exhibition of modern educational technologies, infrastructure and intellectual solutions. Salon is held annually since 2014. This year, the Salon takes place in the sixth time - from April 10 to April 13 at the exhibition pavilion number 75 at the VDNH.

10 April 2019, general education school The Chairman of the Government inspected the stands of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, congratulated students - champions and medalists of the World Sports Programming Championship and participated in the All-Russian Open Lesson "Projectory".

3 April 2019, National Project "Health" Tatyana Golikova performed in the State Duma in the framework of the government hour Tatyana Golikov, Deputy Chairman of the Government, made a report on the start of the implementation of national projects "Demography", "Health", "Science" and "Education".

March 22, 2019, general education school Tatyana Golikova held a meeting of the organizing committee of the Moscow International Salon of Education This year, the Education Salon will be held from 10 to 13 April in the exhibition complex VDNH in Moscow.

March 22, 2019, Approved new rules for targeted education in higher and secondary educational institutions Resolution of March 21, 2019 No. 302. In connection with the entry into force of changes in legislation aimed at improving targeted learning mechanisms, a provision on targeted educational programs of secondary vocational and higher education, the rules for establishing a receipt quota for targeted education in universities at the expense of the federal budget, the standard form of the target agreement learning. The implementation of targeted learning mechanisms is designed to increase the motivation of applicants and students in choosing the future place of work, to strengthen the responsibility of employers for the selection of future workers, reduce the shortage of qualified personnel in those regions where specialists are missing for the most popular economies.

January 28, 2019, general education school Tatiana Golikova took part in the work of the III All-Russian Conference "Path to Success: Strategies for Support for Gifted Children and Youth" Vice Prime Minister spoke at the plenary session "National Project" Education ": new models and opportunities." The event was held at the site of the Sirius Education Center.

January 18, 2019, agricultural engineering The Chairman of the Government met with employees and interns of the enterprise.

December 25, 2018, Higher, Postgraduate and Continuing Education Russian President signed a federal law on changes in the legal regulation of educational activities developed by the Government Federal Law of December 25, 2018 No. 497-FZ. The draft federal law was introduced to the State Duma by order of the government of June 9, 2018 No. 1149-p. Federal law, in particular, it is established that the Regulation on state accreditation of educational activities should determine the procedure for accounting for information on an independent assessment of the quality of training for students in such accreditation.

December 24, 2018, general education school Olga Vasilyeva's report at a meeting of the Presidium of the Council under the President of the Russian Federation on Strategic Development and National Projects About the National Project "Education".

December 7, 2018, Higher, Postgraduate and Continuing Education Discussed, in particular, issues of using digital technology in education.

December 5, 2018, Demographic Policy Tatyana Golikova spoke in the Federation Council within the government hour The Deputy Chairman of the Government spoke at the government an hour dedicated to the key objectives of the implementation of national social projects.

October 5, 2018, secondary vocational education On the teacher's day, the Prime Minister visited the Krasnogorsk College and met with the pedagogical team.

General issues of the development of the Far Eastern Federal District On approval of the program for training for key branches of the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District and the support of young people in the labor market Order of August 18, 2018 №1727-p. The purpose of the program is to prepare the necessary number of specialists with secondary vocational and higher education for replacing new jobs created in the Far Eastern Federal District.

August 3, 2018, Higher, Postgraduate and Continuing Education Russian President signed the Federal Law developed by the Government on improving targeted learning mechanisms Federal Law of August 3, 2018 No. 337-FZ. The draft federal law was submitted to the State Duma by order of the government of December 26, 2017 №2945-p. The federal law, in particular, establishes the parties to the Targeted Treatment Treaty, its individual substantial conditions to which the obligations of the Customer of the Target Training and the Citizen who concluded the Targeted Treatment Agreement, related to employment and employment for at least three years. In addition, the responsibility of the customer of targeted education and a citizen who has concluded an agreement on targeted learning, in case of non-compliance with the essential conditions of the contract.