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Ecology is the scientific study of the relation of living organisms to each other and their surroundings. Ecology includes the study of plant and animal populations, plant and animal communities and ecosystems.

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Ecological problems are: Overuse of pesticides Climate change Urban development Global warming Genetically modified foods Toxic waste Solar and wind power Recycling scheme

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A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacterium), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest.

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Climate change is a long-term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in the average weather conditions or a change in the distribution of weather events with respect to an average, for example, greater or fewer extreme weather events. Climate change may be limited to a specific region, or may occur across the whole Earth.

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Urban, city, and town planning integrates land use planning and transportation planning to improve the built, economic and social environments of communities. Regional planning deals with a still larger environment, at a less detailed level. Urban planning can include urban renewal, by adapting urban planning methods to existing cities suffering from decay and lack of investment

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Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth"s near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century and its projected continuation.

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Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise than mutagenesis (mutation breeding) where an organism is exposed to radiation or chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change.

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Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).

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Ecological Problems Pollution and protection of our environment

Ecology is a science. Many sciences have such prefix. What does it mean “Eco”? “ Eco” means “home" in Latin language. It’s a science about our mutual home – about nature. Science, which teachers us to treat very carefully to our homeland. Environment – is surroundings we live in .

People have always polluted their surroundings . Even in ancient times people admitted that their health was depending on the state of surroundings. But only in XX century humanity, in full measure, realized , that many diseases are closely connected with the air and water pollution and inferior products.

Ecological problems air pollution water pollution soil pollution

Air pollution . Air pollution is a very serious problem, because polluted air can cause illness and even death. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1500 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog, the oxygen balance upsets. Cars are polluting the air by exhaust gases and other dangerous chemicals.

Virtually not only human beings pollute the air but nature itself can cause damage , for example volcanic eruptions . But the consequences after volcanic eruptions aren’t so harmful as human beings , in contrast to human activities , these processes are always reversible – thought after a while the atmosphere will recover in former structure .

Water pollution Water recourses is one of the main factor of existing life in our planet . People use fresh water for their needs. It is more than 2% of hydrosphere volume . First of all water pollution is the result of industrial, agricultural and everyday necessities discharge of wastes into rivers, lakes and seas. The main part of water pollution plays a large number of oil industry wastes .

Soil pollution The main component of the Earth biosphere represents topsoil . Soil is polluted by: litter, wastes , heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive elements. Sinking aerosol may contain heavy poisonous metals and it may lead to plants’ ruin .

Modern ecological problems greenhouse effect

Ways of solving ecological problems Creation of different kinds of purification plants ; Recycling.

III Using of conservation technologies and rational distribution of industry . Creation of purification territorial systems .


People have always polluted their surroundings. Even in ancient times people admitted that their health was depending on the state of surroundings. But only in XX century humanity, in full measure, realized, that many diseases are closely connected with the air and water pollution and inferior products. Люди всегда загрязняют их окружение. Ещё в древние времена люди признались, что их здоровье в зависимости от состояния окружения. Но только в ХХ веке человечество, в полной мере осознал, что многие заболевания тесно связаны с загрязнением воздуха и воды и некачественной продукции.




Air pollution. Air pollution is a very serious problem, because polluted air can cause illness and even death. Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1500 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog, the oxygen balance upsets. Cars are polluting the air by exhaust gases and other dangerous chemicals. Загрязнение воздуха является очень серьезной проблемой, потому что загрязненный воздух может вызвать болезни и даже смерть. Каждый год мировая промышленность загрязняет атмосферу около 1500 миллионов тонн пыли и других вредных веществ. Многие города страдают от смога, кислородный баланс нарушается. Автомобили загрязняют воздух выхлопными газами и другими опасными химическими веществами.


Water pollution Water recourses is one of the main factor of existing life in our planet. People use fresh water for their needs. It is more than 2% of hydrosphere volume. First of all water pollution is the result of industrial, agricultural and everyday necessities discharge of wastes into rivers, lakes and seas. The main part of water pollution plays a large number of oil industry wastes. Водные ресурсы является одним из главных факторов существующей жизни на нашей планете. Люди используют пресную воду для своих нужд. Это более чем на 2% объема гидросферы. Прежде всего загрязнения воды является результатом промышленных, сельскохозяйственных и бытовых нужд сброс отходов в реки, озера и моря. Основная часть загрязнения воды играет большое количество отходов нефтяной промышленности.


Soil pollution The main component of the Earth biosphere represents topsoil. Soil is polluted by: litter, wastes, heavy metals, pesticides, radioactive elements. Sinking aerosol may contain heavy poisonous metals and it may lead to plants ruin. Основным компонентом биосферы Земли представляет верхний слой почвы. Почва загрязняется: мусор, отходы, тяжелые металлы, пестициды, радиоактивные элементы. Понижение аэрозоль может содержать ядовитые тяжелые металлы, и это может привести к гибели растений.


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Текстовое содержимое слайдов презентации: The thoughts of the 9G form, Kurgan, Gymnasium 19and ecological problems

Ecology: First of all it is the relationship of humans and Nature. All of us depend on Nature. We must value and protect it. Ecology is the science, which study our planet from the “points of view” such natural things as plants, animals, insects etc. I think ecology is Nature itself.

The causes of the ecological problems:One of the most important problems for future of humanity is ecological problems, because people destroy our beautiful planet! So people create these problems themselves!People kill the animals, cars pollute the environment.We forget rubbish in the forests or just throw it in the forests. People have been polluting the Earth for many centuries! Pollution of the air, water and soil, using poisonous substances in industry, forest destruction, this carelessness can become a cause of scary future problems, such as acid rains, very high or low temperature, radiation, holes in ozone layer etc.

The RESULTS: The water is really important for life in the Earth, but a lot of rivers, lakes and springs are becoming dirty today. Such water is not good for drinking even for wild animals and plants. What will happen with them if they are not be able to drink? Our life depends on plants and animals – they are our brothers, of course, but they are our food at the same time. They help us to live and to survive!

This planet is our home because we have everything for us. We can breathe here because of oxygen which we need. But in any forest we see broken trees and pulled up flowers, camp-fires and the tons of rubbish after previous visitors. Our life is destroyed with our own hands!

WHAT TO DO?There are many discussions and arguments between scientists, politicians, philosophers and ordinary people. How can we stop the future catastrophe, which unfortunately is going because of people’s influence? In my opinion everybody can do many things to protect our planet! For example, the first step is to put rubbish into the rubbish bins.If you want the air to be clean, you mustn’t smoke in the streets (and everywhere), we mustn’t crash the forests and so on!Many people work as the volunteers – they clean the forests, built foster homes and do all the best!

Fortunately there are many environmental organizations all over the world, for example Greenpeace, WWF, London Wildlife Trust, The Friends of the Earth and so on. I think it is a really important step of humanity. I mean this situation is not so hopeless.
IN CONCLUSION it’s important to say that even if people consider themselves the top of the nature chain in the world they have to behave themselves in a correct way! Animals and plants depend on us and our good or bad activities. They have the right to live in the Earth happily too, that’s why we should not trouble them for our needs only. Let’s protect and respect them because we live together in this beautiful planet, depend on them and visa versa!


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Журина Наталья Владимировна

Учитель английского языка

МОУ СОШ №5 г. Щербинка


This word came from the Greek “oikos” which means “home” .

“ Home” includes:

  • Its population
  • Our whole planet
  • Nature
  • Animals
  • Birds
  • Fish
  • Insects
  • All other living beings
  • And even the atmosphere around our planet.

What is environment ?

It means what is around us.

Some people live in a town environment, for others their environment is the countryside.

The air we breathe, the soil on which we stand, the water we drink are parts of the environment.


Environmental

problems

Toxic air

Dangerous water

Polluted land


The air we breathe

  • Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances.
  • Big cities suffer from smog.
  • Cars with their engines have become the main source of pollution in industrial countries.

The water we drink

  • Two-thirds of the world’s surface is water. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear wastes. Many rivers and lakes dry up or are poisoned too .
  • Fish dies in the lakes, rivers and seas .
  • If people drink this water, they can get ill or even die.

The land we live on

  • People cut down trees and many birds and animals can’t have homes in their usual places and they begin dying out.
  • As a result some species of animals, birds, fish and plants have disappeared and keep disappearing.

Environmental protection. What should people do to survive?

  • The time has come to save our planet, to protect people, animals and plants from dying.
  • First of all countries should have strong laws to control pollution, to protect animals and plants.
  • Governments should also find ways to recycle things. They should build recycling factories.

Choose the questions!

Find the English equivalents for the following word-combinations

  • Проблемы окр - ужающей среды
  • Вредные вещества
  • Редкие виды животных
  • Ядерное загрязнение
  • Ядовитые отходы
  • Environmental problems
  • Nuclear pollution
  • Toxic waste
  • Rare species of animals
  • Harmful substances