The conflict between the individual and society is relevant at all times, because it is embedded even at the level of concepts, they are opposed: one - several, a person - a crowd, etc. So, initially it so happened that the team pushes out of itself those who do not look like it, and then brings down on them persecution. It may be that one himself wanted to separate from others, arrogantly distinguishing himself from their background. Be that as it may, they would have no reason to separate if their relationship had not turned into a confrontation. Whatever it was caused initially, now this conflict is still topical. Consider typical examples from the literature.

In the work of A. Kuprin "Olesya", the inhabitants of the village were hostile to the healer and her granddaughter, who lived far from the settlement. The ignorant peasants thought that women conjure and control the forces of nature. However, this, of course, was not true. In fact, they only prepared decoctions and potions, studying the powers of herbs. The narrator personally made sure that the heroines were kind and good people who were not accepted in the village because they differ from everyone else in their independent behavior and lifestyle. The culmination of this rejection was the scene in the church, where Olesya was beaten by parishioners in order to prevent her from entering the sacred place. In a fit of anger, the "witch" promised to send bad weather and destroy the crop. And so it happened. The unfortunate women hastily left Polissya in order to avoid reprisals. This conflict was described by A. Kuprin more than 100 years ago, but what about today? Maybe we have already solved this problem?

In 1987, almost a hundred years later, V. Astafiev wrote the story "Lyudochka", in which he contrasts the indifference of the city with grief little man- a village girl who came to work. Lyuda got a job at a hairdresser's to wash floors, got a job in Gavrilovna's apartment, with whom she worked. However, returning from work in the evening, she was beaten and raped by a former criminal and his bandit gang. No one sympathized with the unfortunate heroine, even her own mother did not find sensitivity in her heart to take an interest in her daughter's life. Gavrilovna said at all: “Well, the seal was torn off, what a disaster.” Having met with the indifference of the closest people, the girl could not stand it and hanged herself. And her death was not even included in the incident report, so as not to spoil the statistics. Even here, in this contemporary work, the theme of the conflict between the individual and society has not become obsolete.

Thus, the confrontation between one and several is an eternal conflict that is not resolved over time. It only acquires new facets that life itself renews.

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What is a society? And how does the conflict between the individual and society manifest itself? In my opinion, society is a form of association of people with common interests, values ​​and goals. Human societies are characterized by a model of social relations between people. However, because of the uniqueness of each person, disagreements occur, leading to conflict between individuals and society. Sometimes such collisions become too serious and lead to sad consequences.

Many writers have addressed this topic in their works. AS Griboedov in the play "Woe from Wit" also talks about people's conflict situations. Man and society is one of the central problems in A.S. Griboedov's comedy. How should relationships be built between people in society? And is it worth agreeing with those values ​​that are important in society? The questions are relevant to this day, as each person is looking for his position in society.

So Alexander Andreevich Chatsky opposes the entire Famus society. He does not accept his principles, the essence of which lies in material values, in achieving a higher position in the world. Service for the Famus society does not mean serving one's homeland, for them it is just career advancement. So they don't take things seriously. Even love is not taken seriously here. “He who is poor is not a match for you,” Famusov says to his daughter. Any disagreement with generally accepted laws is perceived as “crazy”. The opinion of the entire Moscow society is dearer to them than sincerity, justice, and honesty. Chatsky is offended that his beloved house, where he spent his childhood, suddenly turned out to be a stranger. But the hero does not even try to adapt to society. He boldly defends his principles. This is not Molchalin with his sycophancy, hypocrisy, duplicity, who has learned well how to live. Chatsky attracts readers with the ability to be true to himself, while remaining a bright personality. How to build relationships with people, how to determine your place in life - everyone decides. But I believe that people are simply obliged to live according to the laws of morality, supporting everything morally correct, decent and speaking out against lies, evil, hostility, no matter how difficult it may be. This work is a vivid example of how a person, defending and defending his opinion and views, can unexpectedly come into conflict with a society whose principles for life are completely different.

I will give an example from another literary work. Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" clearly emphasizes the image of the protagonist, who is an "extra" person in society. Eugene Onegin is different from the environment in the city, he is not interested in secular balls, empty talk, stupid gossip. He is smart and educated. Onegin does not understand the values ​​of society. He has his own interests, he likes to read philosophical books, to develop himself. engage in economics. Simply put, he is quite enlightened in all pressing topics. Eugene Onegin is a very interesting person, but he did not find his place in society, as he is very different from people in the city and in the countryside. They all appreciate appearance, status in society, the amount of money in your pocket. Eugene Onegin and all the people around him have different views on life. In this regard, some disagreements involuntarily occur between them, which smoothly flow into conflict. This work is a vivid example of how people, having their own views on life, expressing their opinion, regardless of the opinions of others, can come to mutual misunderstanding, alienation.

Summing up my essay, I emphasize once again: people often conflict because of disagreements. However, a person lives in a society in which he becomes a personality, realizes his abilities, achieves goals, dreams, suffers, loves. To be needed by society, not to fence oneself off from it, not to oppose oneself to it - this is the noble goal of man. Awareness of one's unity with people, people, country makes life conflict-free and meaningful.

Updated: 2018-04-16

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The great Russian critic V. G. Belinsky said that the task of poetry is "to extract the poetry of life from the prose of life and shake souls with a true image of life." It is precisely such a writer, a soul-shattering depiction of sometimes the most insignificant pictures of human existence in the world, that N.V. Gogol is. Gogol's greatest service to Russian society, in my opinion, lies not so much in the fact that he brought out true pictures of Russian life in The Inspector General and Dead souls”, and not even in the fact that he managed to laugh at once at all the bad things that existed in contemporary Russia, but rather in what he created immortal image Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, the hero of the story "".

At the heart of N.V. Gogol's plan lies the conflict between the "little man" and society, a conflict leading to rebellion, to the uprising of the humble. The story "The Overcoat" describes not only an incident from the life of the hero. The whole life of a person appears before us: we are present at his birth, naming him, find out how he served, why he needed an overcoat and, finally, how he died. Akaky Akakievich spends his whole life in “rewriting” papers in the service, and the hero is quite pleased with this. Moreover, when he is offered an occupation that requires "to change the capital title, and in some places change the verbs from the first person to the third," the poor official is frightened and asks to be relieved of this work. Akaky Akakievich lives in his own little world, he “not once in his life paid attention to what is done and happens every day on the street”, and only in “rewriting he saw some kind of his own diverse and pleasant world”. Nothing happens in the world of this official, and if the incredible story with the overcoat had not happened, there would be nothing to tell about him.

Bashmachkin does not strive for unprecedented luxury. He is simply cold, and by rank he must appear in the department in an overcoat. The dream of sewing an overcoat on wadding becomes for him a semblance of a great and almost impossible task. In his system of world values, it has the same meaning as the desire of some "great man" to achieve world domination. The thought of an overcoat fills the existence of Akaky Akakievich with meaning. Even his appearance is changing: “He has become somehow more alive, even firmer in character, like a person who has already defined and set a goal for himself. Doubt, indecision disappeared by itself from his face and actions ... Fire is sometimes shown in his eyes ... ". And now, having finally reached the limit of his aspirations, the hero of the story once again faces injustice. The overcoat is stolen. But even this is not the main cause of the death of the unfortunate Bashmachkin:

The “significant person”, to whom the official is advised to turn for help, “scolds” Akaky Akakievich for disrespect for his superiors and kicks him out of his house. And now disappears from the face of the earth "a creature that is not protected by anyone, dear to anyone, not interesting to anyone, not even drawing attention to itself ...". The death of Bashmachkin, as expected, almost no one noticed.

The ending of the story is fantastic, but it is precisely such a ending that allows the writer to introduce the theme of justice into the work. The ghost of an official rips off the overcoats from the noble and rich. After his death, Bashmachkin rose to a previously inaccessible height, he overcame miserable ideas about rank. The "little man" rebellion becomes main theme story, the rebellion of Akaky Akakievich is akin to the rebellion of Eugene from The Bronze Horseman, who dared for a moment to become equal with Peter I, only the value systems of these two heroes are different.

The story of the poor official is written in such detail and authenticity that the reader involuntarily enters the world of the hero's interests and begins to sympathize with him. But Gogol is a master of artistic generalization. He deliberately emphasizes: "One official served in one department...". Thus, a generalized image of a “little man” appears in the story, quiet, modest, whose life is unremarkable, but who, however, also has dignity and has a right to his own world. Perhaps that is why in the end we no longer feel sorry for Akaky Akakievich, but for "poor mankind." And probably, therefore, it is not the robber who arouses our anger, but the "significant person" who failed to take pity on the unfortunate official.

And at the end of the story, we come to a terrible conclusion: the subject of the narration is by no means the story of how the hero’s overcoat is stolen, but of how a person’s life was stolen. Akaki Akakievich, in fact, did not live. He never thought about high ideals, did not set any tasks for himself, did not dream of anything. And the insignificance of the incident underlying the plot characterizes the world itself.

N.V. Gogol makes the tone of the narration comical. The text shows constant irony over Bashmachkin, even the daring dreams of an official turn out to be nothing more than a desire to put marten fur on his collar without fail. The reader must not only enter the world of Akaky Akakievich, but also feel the insignificance and wretchedness of this world. In addition, there is also an author's voice in the story, and N.V. Gogol thus becomes, as it were, a messenger of the Russian humanistic tradition. It is on behalf of the author that the young man speaks who, having unsuccessfully joked with Akaky Akakievich, “later on many times shuddered in his lifetime, seeing how much inhumanity is in a person, how much ferocious rudeness is hidden in refined, educated secularism ...”,

In the story of N.V. Gogol "The Overcoat" the author's position is clearly traced. On the one hand, he sharply criticizes the society that turns a person into Akaky Akakiyevich, protesting against the world of those who "fought and sharpened enough" over the "eternal titular advisers", those whose salary does not exceed four hundred rubles a year. But on the other hand, much more, in my opinion, N.V. Gogol is essential to all mankind with a passionate appeal to pay attention to the “little people” who live next to us.

“The emergence of man and the emergence of society are a single process. There is no person - there is no society. There is no society - there is no person", - is succinctly stated in the article of the textbook on social science, but the indicated obvious connection is not always, unfortunately, harmonious. The interaction between man and society has always interested Russian writers and has been the subject of their reflections.

M. Gorky in the story "Old Isergil" very clearly showed the internal dependence of a person on society, moreover, a person who is in conflict with it. The name Larr, the son of an eagle and a woman, meant: outcast, thrown out - that was his fate. The tribe punished Larr with exile for killing one of the girls, whose fault before him was only that she pushed him away. “We talked with him for a long time and finally saw that he considers himself the first on earth and, apart from himself, sees nothing.” And society drove Larr away, for some time he enjoyed his freedom, but then he began to seek death, and “There was so much longing in his eyes that one could poison all the people of the world with it. So from that time on he was left alone, free, waiting for death.. Society has rejected a person who is incapable of mercy, compassion, sympathy and empathy, but does it always repel only those who are unworthy of the high title of a person?

Comedy hero A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" Alexander Andreevich Chatsky was declared insane by the Famus society. The rumor about his madness arose because of Sophia's accidentally thrown phrase: "He is not quite all there", the seriousness of which a little later she deliberately confirmed, taking revenge on Chatsky for unflattering comments about Molchalin. But it is amazing how quickly this gossip spread around all those present at the ball in Famusov's house, and how easily they believed it, because the rumor of insanity, firstly, was a tool in the struggle of the Famusov society against Chatsky, and, secondly, madness could explain the unusualness of the views of Chatsky for the Moscow conservative nobility. It is in this hero that A.S. Griboyedov portrayed a progressive man of his time, whose intellectual and moral demands are incommensurably higher than the society around him. He opposed serfdom, denounced obsolete, obsolete aristocratic views, did not accept the slavish admiration of Russian people for everything foreign, the habit of Famus society to treat destitute people with contempt and curry favor with influential people.

His struggle was expressed in accusatory monologues:

Where? show us, fathers of the fatherland,

Which should we take as samples?

Are not these rich in robbery?

They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,


Magnificent building chambers,...

In the Famus society, only high ranks, money and connections were valued, and personal qualities in the world had no weight. And the views of Chatsky, who preaches a high understanding of honor, duty, the social role of the individual, were dangerous for Moscow society, because they threatened the personal well-being of aristocrats, their usual comfort, they did not want to part with the old way of life, and gossip about madness turned out to be very useful.

Disappointed, amazed by the rumor of his madness, Chatsky leaves society, unable to understand his advanced progressive views and beliefs, unable to appreciate his high aspirations and noble mind.

The social conflict depicted in the comedy reveals a deep problem: a person who outstrips the surrounding society with his views is ostracized. Such heroes were called “superfluous people” in Russian literature, they were in conflict with the society to which they belonged, and did not find their place in it, but inwardly they were still dependent on it, like Eugene Onegin, depicted A.S. Pushkin in the novel "Eugene Onegin".

hallmark youth of the first quarter of the 19th century was "premature aging of the soul", that is, indifference to life, to its pleasures, which occurs as a result of satiety with a secular way of life, in which there was no place for real work, education of the soul and spirit, good aspirations. The philosophy of world consumption could not satiate a thinking person: a walk on the boulevard, lunch at a restaurant, attending a ballet, a ball for the whole night - this is how the day of young Eugene Onegin is described, and "tomorrow is the same as yesterday." That's why “early feelings in him cooled down; / He was tired of the noise of light”.

The hero of the novel enters into an undeclared conflict with secular society, living alone in a village inherited from his uncle. But outwardly demonstrating his independence from society, being in voluntary seclusion, Eugene Onegin turned out to be inwardly very dependent on him. This was manifested in his decision to participate in a duel with Lensky. Although Eugene understood that "he was wrong",

What is above love, timid, tender

So the evening joked casually.<...>

Eugene,

Loving the young man with all my heart,

Was supposed to render myself

Not a ball of prejudice,

Not an ardent boy, a fighter,

But a husband with honor and intelligence.

That is, he could refuse the duel. But Lensky took Zaretsky as a second: "an old duelist; / He is angry, he is a gossip, he is a talker ...".

And Onegin could not bear the thought of exposing himself to ridicule, accusations of cowardice in case of refusal to duel.

And here is the public opinion!

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is where the world revolves!

Eugene Onegin turns out to be internally dependent on public opinion much stronger than he could have imagined. The price paid for honor and dignity was the life of a friend - Lensky!

The above example clearly showed the indissoluble intercom man and society, his dependence on him, even with external and internal disagreement with his customs, traditions, rules.

The conflict declared by a person to society leads to internal torment and consciousness of his own loneliness of the person who protested, but it is inevitable, just as the need for the development of society, conservative and inert in its essence, is inevitable.

Essay No. 2

During the day, a person repeatedly finds himself in conflict situations. It seems that there are millions of reasons for conflicts between people, but in fact everyone is divided into four groups.

First group combines objective reasons. This includes role conflicts, conflicts of interest, stereotypes and unjustified expectations. The conflict of roles is the deepest, since the role is the way a person perceives the world, himself in it and his loved ones, as well as his expectations for people. The conflict of unjustified expectations has a certain similarity with the conflict of roles, but it is less deep and destructive. People are used to having certain expectations of each other, and when someone does not justify them, conflict arises. The important thing is that a person may not know what is expected of him. Such conflicts are often hidden and bring discomfort to only one participant. A conflict of interest is the most common type of conflict. They can arise, for example, when people perform a common task, but their goals and interests do not coincide. A conflict of stereotypes arises when a person draws a situation in his imagination and begins to take offense at it. In this case, the real reason for the conflict may not exist at all. Throughout a person's life, a number of stereotypes are formed, as a result, he can stop analyzing each specific situation and perceive it as a stereotype.

The second group of causes of conflicts between people- relationships between participants. If people treat each other negatively, any carelessly spoken phrase can cause a conflict to develop. Although in this case the reason is not needed at all, it already exists, and there will always be a reason.

The third group of reasons- misunderstanding and misunderstanding. Such conflicts can manifest themselves if the partners misunderstood each other or did not fully understand. To prevent such conflicts, it is necessary to fully understand the situation, leaving no gaps in it. No need to rush to conclusions, everything may not be as it seems at first glance.

The fourth group of reasons These are conflict behaviors and conflict personalities. A necessary condition for a normal mental state of a person is a constant change in emotions. Emotions are formed as a result of signals received from the outside world. Sometimes people cannot get the desired amount of positive emotions, and then they provoke conflicts in order to get at least some emotions. There are six types of conflict personalities: The first type is categorical people who are critical of the world and society. The second type is vulnerable and sensitive people. The third type is emotionally immature individuals. The fourth type is "reactive" people. These are overly emotional individuals who express their emotions without thinking about the consequences. The fifth type is people who neglect the generally accepted moral standards of communication. The sixth type is disharmonious personalities. They do not have an adequate perception of themselves and others. Their opinion of themselves does not coincide with their real appearance, they do not see their own shortcomings, but they always find them in others.

The article was prepared and edited by: surgeon

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