The state of Serbia is located in the southeastern part of Europe in the center of the Balkan Peninsula. Small area, about 20% of total area country, spread out on the Middle Danube Plain.

A detailed map of Serbia gives an idea of ​​the administrative divisions, landscape, roads, and neighboring states. Its northern neighbor is Hungary, its northeastern neighbor is Romania, Serbia borders on Bulgaria in the east, Macedonia in the south, Montenegro and Albania in the southwest, and its western borders lie near Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The state acquired its modern territorial appearance in 2006 after the collapse of the state Union of Serbia and Montenegro. Today, the area of ​​Serbia is 88,361 square meters. km.

Serbia on the world map: geography, nature and climate

Serbia ranks twentieth in area among European countries.

About 80% of the Republic is located on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula. Serbia occupies a central position on the world map in the South-Eastern part of Europe, having no access to the sea.

From total length borders, amounting to 2.364 thousand km, runs through rivers and lakes - 0.794 thousand km. The main navigable river of Serbia is Danube, the basin of which is 588 km. Available for shipping:

  • Sava;
  • Tisa;
  • Run.

Partially navigable ones include: Great Morava and Tamish. In total, 15 rivers with a length of more than 100 km, 7 rivers with a length of more than 200 km and about 7 rivers with a length of less than 100 km flow through the territory of the state.

All natural waterways of Serbia, which can be seen on the map of Serbia in Russian, belong to the basins of three seas:

  • Aegean (2.2%);
  • Adriatic (5.3%);
  • Black (92.5%).

The world's largest reclamation system in Serbia - Danube – Tisza – Danube unites the Big and Small Bach Canals.

The largest lakes in the country include artificial Djerdapskoe on the Danube and natural White, located in the Banat region. In total, there are more than 100 different lakes in the state.

Geographical characteristics

Serbia has a varied topography, characterized by the fertile plains of Vojvodina, mountains in the southeast and rolling hills with small mountains in the central part. Several mountain systems are distinguished, covering most of Central Serbia and Kosovo:

  • Dinaric Highlands in the west of the country, divided into 7 mountain systems;
  • Rhodope Mountains– the oldest mountains in the Balkans, surrounding the Morava and South Morava rivers;
  • Carpathian-Balkan uplands, extending in the east of Serbia to the borders with Bulgaria.

Highest points of Serbia:

  • Jeravica(2656 m above sea level), located on the territory of Kosovo;
  • Pancic Peak(2017 m), a mountain peak located in the central part of the country.

Natural vegetation is represented by deciduous and coniferous forests in the mountains and Pannonian steppes on the Middle Danube Plain.

The fauna is represented by deer, roe deer, wild boar, hares, European ground squirrels, bears and roe deer. The forested slopes of Fruska Gora serve as nesting sites for many birds, including the black kite, imperial eagle, white and black storks, and saker falcons.

Climate of the country

Important factors that determined the climate of the country are geographical location and terrain. Most of the territory of Serbia is dominated by a continental type of climate, characterized in the northern regions by hot summers and long winters with low temperatures. In the south, a temperate continental climate predominates, while the mountainous regions are characterized by a mountain climate. The coldest month of the year is January, with an average temperature of –1–2 0 C, and the warmest month is July (23–25°C). The minimum temperature in January is –25 0 C, the maximum temperature in July is 50 0 C.

Map of Serbia with cities. Administrative division of the country

On the map of Serbia with cities in Russian the names of the administrative units of the state are given.

Administrative division

The territory of the Republic of Serbia is divided into administrative territorial units, including 2 autonomous edges, 29 counties And 211 communities. In the districts, with the exception of the Belgrade district, there is no local self-government, and the representative bodies in cities are city assemblies, and in communities - community assemblies.

Autonomous edges are:

  • Vojvodina, consisting of 7 districts;
  • Kosovo and Metohija, which includes 5 districts.

The remaining 17 districts are located in Central Serbia.

The districts are divided into communities: 45 within Vojvodina, 29 within the territory Autonomous Okrug Kosovo and Metohija and 137 in the central part of the Republic of Serbia.

There are 6,158 small settlements, 195 urban-type settlements and 27 cities on the territory of the state.

Belgrade

The capital of the Republika Srpska, Belgrade, is located in the central part of the country. Height above sea level – 116.75 meters. The city was built on the banks of two rivers, at the confluence of the Sava and the Danube, and simultaneously occupies the territory of the Balkans and Central Europe.

Belgrade has a hilly terrain and a humid subtropical climate with mild and warm winters.

Novi Sad

The city is located in the northern part of Serbia, is administrative center Vojvodina. Multinational Novi Sad, founded in 1694, is located on the banks of the Danube. The famous reclamation canal Danube - Tisza - Danube stretches across the city.

Pristina

The capital of Kosovo, Pristina, is located west of the Golyak mountain range in the intermountain basin of Koso Polje in the south of the Republic of Serbia. It is the largest city in the autonomous province and partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. The climate is continental, characterized by warm summers and cool snowy winters.

Where is Serbia located on the world map. Detailed map of Serbia in Russian online. Satellite map Serbia with cities and resorts. Serbia on the world map is a European country located in the heart of the Balkan Peninsula.

The capital of Serbia is the city of Belgrade, official language- Serbian. On the territory of Serbia there are two autonomous regions - Kosovo and Vojvodina. Despite the fact that Serbia is a landlocked country, it is very conveniently located on the Danube River.

Detailed map of Serbia in Russian with cities:

Serbia - Wikipedia:

Population of Serbia- 7,001,444 people (2017)
Capital of Serbia- Belgrade
Largest cities in Serbia- Belgrade, Novi Sad, Pristina, Nis, Kragujevac
Serbia dialing code - 381
Language used in Serbia- Serbian language

Climate of Serbia varies by region. In the north it is a continental temperate climate, in the south and east it is Mediterranean. Throughout Serbia it is usually hot and dry in summer and cool in winter. Average summer temperatures are +24...+26 C. In winter it is much colder - +3....-7 C.

Arriving in Serbia First of all, you should go to the capital Belgrade - one of the oldest cities in Europe, whose history dates back to BC. The main attractions of Belgrade are Kalemegdan - the oldest part of the city, where an ancient fortress and excavations are located. One more thing interesting place in the capital there is the Skadarlija quarter, which is considered the place of Belgrade bohemia. Belgrade also has many monument museums, various galleries and art exhibitions, and even a military island.

On the territory Serbia many historical and religious monuments that are about a thousand years old. For example, numerous monasteries, some of which were built back in the 11th century.

There are many in the country and national parks. The most famous and visited are Frushka Gora, Kopaonik, Djerdap and others. At least tourism in Serbia- This is an underdeveloped sector; many travelers visit this country. There are a lot of mud and mineral healing springs in Serbia. In total there are about 1000 of them, near which boarding houses and treatment centers have been built. The most famous of them are Zlatar, Divchibar and others.

What to see in Serbia:

Belgrade Fortress, Temple of St. Sava in Belgrade, Petrovaradin Fortress, Belgrade Zoo, Mount Fruska National Park, Sava River, Palace of Princess Ljubica, Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, Ružica Church, Aval TV Tower, National Museum of Serbia, Djerdap National Park, Nikola Tesla Museum , Devil's City, Kusturica Village, Tara National Park, Ravanica Monastery, Mileshevo Monastery.

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Many military conflicts and seizures of territory dating back to the times of the Roman Empire made Serbia multinational state, in which the customs of a huge number of nationalities are concentrated.

But at the same time, today they still prevail Slavic And Turkish traditions. Serbs are distinguished by their kindness, cordiality, respect and optimism, which is why a huge number of tourists constantly flock to the country.

Detailed map of Serbia

Serbia is a state in southeastern Europe and is located in the very center Balkan Peninsula, which is surrounded by warm seas: Adriatic, Aegean and Black. Before the collapse of Yugoslavia, Serbia was part of it. The geographical location of the country has made it a kind of corridor between Western and Central Europe, as well as the countries of the Middle East.

Serbia borders many countries, its neighbors are:

  1. In the north– Hungary;
  2. In the south– Albania and;
  3. In the east– Romania and Bulgaria;
  4. In the west– Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
  5. In the southwest- Kosovo.

Serbia is characterized by clean air, incredibly beautiful nature and many historical attractions. It is also famous for its excellent ski and health resorts, hunting and fishing grounds. Today the state has access to coast of the Aegean Sea.

Climate

Serbia has special climatic conditions that directly depend on its relief features. Northern part countries occupies Central Danube Lowland, consisting of large plains with very fertile land, due to this, a continental climate has developed here.

The center of Serbia is mainly occupied by hills, so a temperate continental climate prevails there. And the presence of ancient mountains in the southern part of the country, accordingly, suggests the presence of a mountain climate.

Summers in Serbia are usually quite hot, and winters, although mild, are long with a lot of cold winds and an average air temperature of two degrees, but sometimes it drops to twenty-five. The coldest winter month– January, and the hottest summer – June. Serbia is one of the sunniest countries in Europe.

Nature

The northern part of the country is occupied by agricultural land, where you can see wheat, corn, a wide variety of vegetables and, of course, a lot of sunflowers.

The south of Serbia is occupied by several mountain ranges:

  • Dinaric Highlands;
  • Balkan East Serbian Mountains;
  • Part of the Rilo-Rhodope system.

There are magnificent huge forests of powerful beech trees and delicate linden trees here.

The most famous river is Danube. Along its path it forms interesting bays, channels, oxbow lakes and swamps. But the main pride of this river can be called the most beautiful Djerdap Gorge with rocks rising up to three hundred meters above the water level and a huge number of pools with a depth of up to one hundred meters.

IN national park, located on the territory of the gorge, you can get acquainted with a large number of relict plants that cannot be found in other European countries for a long time.

Serbia is famous for its lakes and rivers, in this regard from European countries can only compete with her.

Among the most famous and popular lakes are Silver (Serbian Sea). In addition to the beauty of the surrounding forest landscape, nearby ancient fortresses and beautiful beach spots, it is famous for the impeccable purity of its water, the shimmer of which in the sun is simply mesmerizing. To preserve this splendor, it was decided to ban the use of any motor boats, water scooters and other similar technical equipment on the lake.

Clean water, coupled with the absence of strong noise, makes it possible for comfortable living and breeding of various breeds of fish. In the lake large number perch, catfish, carp, bream, pike and many other species.

Administrative division and form of government

Serbia belongs to unitary states, its capital is Belgrade, and its administrative division looks like this:

  • Two autonomous regions— Vojvodina, Kosovo and Metohija;
  • Twenty-nine counties;
  • Two hundred eleven communities.

Vojvodina includes seven districts, Kosovo and Metohija five, and Central Serbia seventeen. Local government is missing from them. Each of them is headed by the head of the district, who reports directly to the government of the state and bears full responsibility to it. The Belgrade district stands apart, in which self-government is allowed.

Serbia consists of twenty-four cities, one hundred and ninety-five major settlements urban type, and many villages and towns.

According to the form of government, Serbia is parliamentary republic, the head of which is the President, and the Supreme Legislative Body is the Union Assembly, which includes two chambers - the Council of Republics and the Council of Citizens. To the highest executive bodies government belongs to the country.

Population and religion

The main population of the country is represented by Serbs. In addition to them, Serbia is home to a huge number of national minorities, represented by Hungarians, Croats, Turks, Romanians, Bosnians, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Chinese and others. In total, the territory of the republic lives twenty-five nationalities, which, as a rule, coexist peacefully.

The official language in Serbia is Serbian, which belongs to the Slavic group. National minorities also speak Hungarian, Romanian, Albanian, Slovak and Croatian.

It is not uncommon in Serbia to hear speech in Russian, because in this country there are enough immigrants from.

The laws and constitution of the republic guarantee its residents freedom of religion. The state religion of Serbia is Orthodox, which is professed by the majority of the country's inhabitants. The rest of the population is represented by Catholics, Muslims and Protestants.

Cities and landmarks

The largest cities in Serbia are: Belgrade, Novi Sad, Nis And Pristina.

Belgrade

Belgrade is the capital and most big city country, which is located at the place where the Danube and Sava rivers intersect. He is very hospitable and is always happy to welcome tourists and provide them with the most interesting and comfortable vacation.

This is very old town, adorned with magnificent palaces, churches, temples, monasteries and fortified walls that intertwine with bustling avenues and modern high-rise buildings.

The main attraction of Belgrade and, perhaps, the whole country can be called the ancient Belgrade Fortress, which is located in the city center on the Kalemegdan plateau in a park with the same name. Its history goes back more than two thousand years. The entrance to it is decorated with a clock tower, which is allowed to be climbed in the summer.

Currently it is located inside military museum, where you can get acquainted with tanks, machine guns and a number of captured exhibits, of which there are more than thirty thousand. In addition to historical values ​​and old graves, in the park near the fortress you can see:

  1. Tennis court;
  2. basketball court;
  3. Various modern design elements;
  4. Zoo;
  5. In winter - ice rink.

Both local residents and city guests come to the park area not only to take a walk, but also to listen to a brass band or ordinary street musicians, visit the observatory, Orthodox Church or the holy spring, admire the numerous monuments and statues.

Novi Sad

Novi Sad is located in the northern part of Serbia and is the administrative center of Vojvodina. This is a city in which cultural life is literally in full swing; it was even given a second name - "Serbian Athens".

There are many museums and art galleries located here, as well as various festivals, competitions and exhibitions. Moreover, it is important educational center , which is home to a number of universities and a large number of colleges and schools.

Opposite Novi Sad, is the largest Petrovaradin Fortress, which refers to the cultural and historical sites of the country. In order to enter it you need to climb a steep climb, numbering hundreds of steps. Having overcome the climb and climbed its walls, you can admire the beautiful view of the Danube and its surroundings.

The center of the fortress, which previously housed various military installations, is now occupied by hotels with beautiful, modern rooms and cozy restaurants.

There are also workshops where local artists, sculptors and photographers work. By visiting them, you can get acquainted with their work and even make a personal order. Also on the territory of the fortress there is Museum of the History of Novi Sad And Art Academy.

Situated on the territory of the Petrovaradin Fortress, it deserves special attention. clock tower. Her specific feature is that, unlike a regular watch, its minute hand is much shorter than the hour hand. This move was invented so that those who sailed past the fortress on a ship could at least see what time it was at that time.

Near Novi Sad there is a very beautiful national park Frushka Gora with unique flora and fauna. Here you can see more than one and a half thousand different plants, many of which are rare or completely endangered.

The fauna is represented by:

  • Ungulates;
  • Foxes;
  • Wild cats;
  • Rodents;
  • Reptiles.

Of special value There are some species of birds that cannot be found in other European countries. Also, one cannot ignore the monasteries located here with ancient iconostases and medieval frescoes, many of which are considered historical monuments.

Nis

Nis is largest city in southern Serbia and the oldest on the Balkan Peninsula. The city can be called a major industrial, commercial, scientific, economic, cultural, political and religious center in the south of the country.

Nis is home to many museums, theaters and other cultural institutions. The city is famous for its famous symphony orchestra and university.

Due to the large number of respectable restaurants and tourist sites, Niš began to be called "city of pleasures".

One of the main attractions of Niš is Hilandarski Metoh Church, which is a unique, religious building of the sixteenth century. Initially her appearance was completely different from what it is now. The fact is that in the middle of the seventeenth century it was badly damaged in a fire. But even now, decorated with magnificent paintings in the Baroque style, it is no less beautiful and is a favorite place for pilgrims and guests of the city.

Another world-famous and at the same time ominous attraction of Niš is Chele-Kula, built in the early nineteenth century by the Turks using human skulls. This happened after the rebel Serbs were defeated by the soldiers in the battle, which took place on Mount Chagar. Ottoman Empire.

The surviving Serbian rebels, not wanting to be captured, blew themselves up with gunpowder reserves, while destroying most of the enemy. After this, the Turks beheaded their bodies, and about a thousand skulls were inserted into the tower under construction to show everyone what will happen to those who try to resist them.

To date, only the fifty eight skulls. Therefore, in order to preserve them, it was decided to fence off the collapsing tower with a chapel. Although Chele-Kula is undoubtedly a very terrible historical monument, it nevertheless reminds everyone of the enormous and terrible cost at which the freedom-loving Serbs won their independence.

Pristina

Pristina is capital of Kosovo and its largest city. It is also the cultural, industrial and economic center of the Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija. The panorama of the city is very contrasting; ancient buildings, modern buildings and historical and cultural monuments are intertwined in it.

Located in Pristina Gracanica Monastery, built at the very beginning of the fourteenth century, and belonging to the most sophisticated Orthodox medieval monasteries. Of great interest to tourists visiting it are the unique frescoes, icons and ancient manuscripts.

Archaeological research has proven the presence of various ancient peoples.

When visiting Pristina, it is worth looking at Emincik House. It is a very beautiful building located in the very center of the city. It was built during the rule of the Ottoman Empire and is an example of how quite famous and wealthy residents of the city lived at that time.

Also considered a significant landmark of Serbia monument to Skanderberg, the national hero of the country, who for more than twenty years waged a stubborn struggle against the Ottoman Empire, as a result of which he managed to recapture part of the country’s territory from the Turks. The monument is located in the central part of the city on Mother Teresa Boulevard.

There are three museums in the city:

  1. City Museum, whose exhibits and documents provide a complete historical picture of the life and development of Pristina from antiquity to the present day;
  2. Ethnographic Museum, which contains household items of village life;
  3. Kosovo Museum, where you can see the results of the work of archaeologists. Here you can find things from ancient eras and trophies of the Second World War. The most interesting and famous exhibit is considered to be the Goddess of Fertility, whose figurine was made of ordinary clay. It was believed that the goddess brings about the change of seasons, increases the vitality of people, and protects the harvest.

Damn town

Damn city or Javolya-Varosh- This is another unique and, perhaps, the most striking and mysterious attraction of Serbia. It is a true miracle of nature with global significance. It is formed by earthen pyramids of the most varied, bizarre shapes. They are formed and destroyed during soil erosion.

Today in Dzhavolya-Varosh you can see more than two hundred pillars made of earth. Under the influence of natural factors, they tend to grow, change shape, disappear and appear again.

The location of the Devil's City is surroundings of Kuršumlija on Mount Radan. This area is rich in mineral and thermal springs. At the same time, there are few plants here due to the large amount of minerals in the soil. Such natural conditions contribute to the fact that soil layers are constantly washed away and eroded. Due to this, such devilish landscapes are created.

In ancient times, the inhabitants of these places did not find an explanation for this rather strange natural phenomenon, so it was overgrown with many legends, myths and mystical stories. Guests of Serbia love to visit the Devil's City, apparently wanting to see with their own eyes the unique, mysterious phenomenon. And for greater efficiency, some excursions began to be conducted at night.

Serbia is a very friendly country, which, like everyone else, has its own interesting features, the main ones of which are the following:

  • The republic is very famous low prices;
  • Here really love citizens of our country;
  • Serbs are very respect neighbors and try to help them in every little detail;
  • The friendliness of the local population contributes to reducing crime rates;
  • Serbia is best country for those who want to lead quiet And quiet life;
  • Serbs are quite beautiful, their colloquial speech full of expression, bright colors and feelings. Moreover, it is accompanied by active gestures;
  • Majority of the population smokes a lot;
  • Everyday cuisine in Serbia revolves around Turkish dishes, only a few modernized;
  • In the nineteenth century, the main rule of the Serbian language became: words are written the same way they are heard;
  • In Serbia, it has long been customary to get married and have children, usually no earlier than thirty years old;
  • Almost all Serbs are mad love sports, especially tennis and football. At the same time, they not only love to cheer for their favorite athletes, but also play themselves;
  • The favorite Serbian drink is Turkish coffee, they drink it often and a lot. Serbs practically do not drink tea;
  • In Serbia it is very love to build beautiful and reliable private houses, therefore, almost all villages in the country can be called elite;
  • Wine, which we consider red, the Serbs call black;
  • The country consumes a large number of different products based on milk;
  • Serbia is very large raspberry exporter on the world market, although its cost in the country is quite high;
  • Serbs never don't discuss your problems and don't complain for life;
  • In Serbia, as in Russia, they celebrate the Old New Year calling him Little Christmas.

The history of Serbia dates back to the 6th century, from the moment the ancient Slavs settled the western part of the Balkan Peninsula. In the 8th-9th centuries, the first proto-state formations of the Serbs arose - the Serbian Principality, Duklja, Zakhumje, Travuniya and Pagania. At the end of the 12th century, the Serbian state freed itself from the rule of Byzantium and by the middle of the 14th century it developed into a major power covering almost the entire southwestern part of the Balkans. The heyday of medieval Serbia occurred during the reign of Stefan Dusan (1331-1355). However, after his death the state collapsed. In 1389, the troops of the Serbian princes were defeated in the Battle of Kosovo, which led to Serbia recognizing the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. Serbia was finally conquered by the Turks in 1459 and over the next 350 years, Serbian lands were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. The northern regions were part of the Austrian Empire from the end of the 17th century.

As a result of the First Serbian Uprising (1804-1813), the Serbian Principality was formed. In 1813 the uprising was suppressed. The second Serbian uprising, which began in 1815, was more successful, and fifteen years later the Sultan officially recognized Miloš Obrenović as ruler of Serbia. In 1878, on July 13, under the terms of the Berlin Peace, Serbia gained independence, and in 1882 it was proclaimed a kingdom. By the beginning of the 20th century, a parliamentary monarchy had emerged in Serbia, and a rapid rise in the economy and culture began.

Settlement of Serbs in Yugoslavia

Data for 1981. Territories where Serbs made up more than 50% of the population

Other territories

As a result of the Balkan Wars (1912-1913), the territories of Kosovo, part of Macedonia and a significant part of the Sandjak were included in Serbia. In World War I, Serbia took the side of the Entente countries. During the war, Serbia lost, according to some estimates, up to a third of its population. After the end of the war, Serbia became the core of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (since 1929 - the Kingdom of Yugoslavia). During the Second World War, the territory of Serbia was occupied by German troops from April 1941, part of the state's territory was transferred to Germany's satellites - Hungary and Bulgaria, as well as Albania. By 1945, Serbia was liberated Soviet Army, partisan and regular units of the People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia.

In 1945, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (since 1963 - SFRY) was proclaimed, within which the People's Republic Serbia (since 1963 - Socialist republic Serbia).

The growth of interethnic confrontation and separatist protests led to a series of civil wars and the collapse of Yugoslavia. The long period in power of the Socialist Party of Serbia ended in 2000 after the bombing of Serbian cities by NATO aircraft (1999) and the deployment of UN peacekeeping forces to Kosovo. In 2006, after a referendum held in Montenegro, the state union of Serbia and Montenegro ceased to exist, and the Republic of Serbia lost access to the sea.