Declension of surnames in the dative case. Genitive case full name. What are some misconceptions about the declination of surnames?

The Morpher.xll add-on performs the following functions:

Declension functions by case

The add-in expands the capabilities of Excel by adding declension functions corresponding to the cases of the Russian and Ukrainian languages:

Ukrainian language is also supported:

Function	Food	Description
Rodoviy	whom? what?	Creates the form of the generic form
Davalny	to whom? why?	Creates the form of a giveaway edit
Znakhidny	whom? what?	Creates the form of a famous edit
Orudny	kim? what?	Creates the form of a weapon stencil
Miccevius	on whom? for what?	Creates the form of a facial wash without a user
Klichny	Shanovny...	Approving the personal identification form

For example, if you enter “Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov” in cell A1, and the formula =Dative(A1) in cell B1, then “Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov” will be displayed in cell B1.

When you change the name in cell A1, cell B1 will update automatically.

If the last name, first name and patronymic are given in different columns, all three cells can be input to the declination function:

In Russian, not only full names are declined, but also various phrases, for example, titles, names of departments of the enterprise, geographical names and much more.

In Ukrainian, only full name is declined with high accuracy.

Formulas in Excel are a universal tool; they can be used in VBA macros, displayed on the quick access panel in the form of buttons, etc.

All this can be easily done using Excel. Gender (sex) determination function This function determines the grammatical gender of the input phrase.

Gender clearly corresponds to gender if the phrase names a person. For Russian language the function is called Genus and can return one of the following string values::

For

Ukrainian language

the corresponding function is called

Read If the input phrase does not contain Russian (or Ukrainian) words, the result of the function will be an empty cell. Translation into plural

The Plural function converts a word or phrase into a plural:

If the word is already in

plural

As a monetary unit, it is also allowed to use three-letter currency codes of the international standard ISO 4217, such as RUB, USD, EUR, etc. In this case, the name of the country is automatically included in the name of the monetary unit:

In addition to monetary units, it is possible to construct a number in combination with an arbitrary unit of measurement, for example:

To put the result in the desired case, specify the first letter of the name of the case (I, R, D, V, T, P) as the third parameter:

For example, to form the phrase “Within 30 (Thirty) calendar days,” use the formula:

=CONCATENATE("During "; Wording(30, "calendar day"; "P"))

Preventing errors in the Copy function

For some input data, the Copy function may generate an error. The error is displayed in the cell with the formula in the form of a message starting with "#ERROR: ..."

Possible errors and ways to prevent them are listed below:

Too much big number. No more than 30 significant figures are allowed in an integer part.

Copy(1E+30; "unit")

You passed too large a number to the function.

In practice, numbers greater than 10 30 usually indicate an error in the calculations.

If you really need support for such numbers, write to the author of the program and indicate the required range.

Note: It is not possible to specify a number that is “too small”.

Numbers from 10 - 17 and less are automatically rounded to 0.

The third argument (case) must be one of the letters: I, R, D, V, T, P.

Letter(1; "unit"; "A")

You passed the wrong case identifier to the function.

Insert a parameter validity check.

Parameter values must be in capital Russian letters and strictly correspond to the list.

The unit of measurement is non-Russian or does not have the required case form.

Copy(5; "edinitsa")

Copy(5; "body")

Cursive(5; "")

The second parameter is either empty, is not a Russian word, or is a word that does not have the required case form.

Please enter the correct unit of measurement.

Too many decimal places. For most currencies, no more than 2 digits are allowed; for Belarusian rubles the number must be an integer.

Copy(1.234; "ruble")

Calling add-in functions from VBA macros

An example of a macro that puts the value in the current cell in the genitive case:

Sub Macro1() ActiveCell.Value = Application.Run("Parent", ActiveCell.Value) End Sub

Technical data

The add-in runs in Excel running Windows.
Supported Excel versions: 2003, 2007, 2010, 2013 (Office 365).
File size 600K.
Morpher.XLL is written in C++ and integrates into Excel using the XLL API, providing instant cell conversion using all processor cores.

This means that the add-on is capable of processing millions of lists in a matter of seconds.

What about Mac (OS X)?

The add-on only works on Windows. But it can be run on Mac using Parallels Desktop.

This is a Windows emulation program for Mac.

Installation instructions
The add-on comes in three versions:
Morpher.xll.2003.zip - for Excel 2003;

Morpher.xll.2007.zip - for Excel 2007 and later versions, 32 bits; Morpher.xll.x64.zip - for Excel 2007 and later, 64 bits. If you're not sure which version of Excel you have, start with the Morpher.xll.2007.zip file - it works 99% of the time. If you are sure you have the 64-bit version,.

check yourself.

The bitness of Excel may not match the bitness of the system and 64-bit Excel installations very rare.
Select the zip archive that matches your version of Excel and extract the single file called Morpher.xll.
1. Place this file in any folder on your computer.
2. In the future, Excel will load the add-in from this folder every time it starts.
3. In Excel 2003, select Tools from the menu. very rare.
4. Add-Ins

In Excel 2007-2013 this window is hidden deeper: Click the round button in the upper-left corner of the Excel window or the File menu. Select Options on the left.

In the window that appears on the left, select a category

At the bottom of the window, click the Go button.

In the Add-ons window, click the Browse button and navigate to the folder where Morpher.xll is located. Make sure it's the opposite Declension (Morpher.xll)
there is a tick. Click OK. Possible installation problems

this almost certainly means that you selected a zip file that does not match your version or bitness of Excel.

Close Excel, unpack another file, and repeat the installation procedure.

History of changes	date	Version
19.12.2017	1.4.10.0	Description
17.01.2017	1.4.8.0	Replenishment of the dictionary.
16.01.2017	1.4.7.0	The “zero years” error has been corrected in the Copy function. Kopecks have been added to the Belarusian ruble due to its denomination..
15.01.2017	1.4.6.0	The old (until June 2016) Belarusian ruble is designated BYR, the new one is BYN. BYR does not contain kopecks, but BYN does. Replenishment of the dictionary. In particular, the declension of the word has been corrected royalties Fixed the inflection of some words with a hyphen, for example: BYR does not contain kopecks, but BYN does..
26.05.2016	1.4.5.0	New York, Los Angeles
19.04.2015	1.4.4.0	.
17.03.2015	1.4.3.0	Previously, the accusative case was incorrectly issued:
21.08.2014	1.4.1.0	New York, Los Angeles
12.08.2014	1.4.0.0	instead of the correct ones
07.01.2014	1.3.6.0	An error in the declension of the patronymic Olegovna has been corrected.
11.12.2013	1.3.5.0	A bug in the Cursive function has been fixed: instead of the incorrect “5 years”, the correct “5 years” is now displayed.
The error concerned only the unit of measurement “year” (this word is an exception).	1.3.4.0	Fixed a bug in the Copy function. The error occurred for amounts with the number of kopecks 0x. As a result, x0 kopecks were issued instead of 0x. Replenishment of dictionaries. The declension of the surname Vedmіd in Ukrainian has been corrected. Added the Plural function, which allows you to get the nominative plural form of a word or phrase. Added the PrepositionalO function, which returns the prepositional case form with the preposition O/OB/OBO..
A small addition to the dictionary (Russian and Ukrainian).	1.3.3.0	12/10/2013 ‏‎
The Ukrainian algorithm has added accounting for “apostrophes” of the form	1.3.2.0	Derev”yana
And	1.3.1.0	Yana tree
11.11.2013 ‏‎	1.3.0.0	When specifying more than two digits after the decimal point in a monetary amount, .
11.10.2013 ‏‎	1.2.4.0	Fixed an issue that caused Excel to crash when inflecting the phrase "Vision Apollo I Folding Massage Table".
09.30.2013 ‏‎	1.2.3.0	Added the ability to indicate monetary units in abbreviated form: rub, dollars, UAH, tenge.
09.25.2013 ‏‎	1.2.2.0	Added a function for writing down monetary amounts and numbers in Russian.
09.10.2013 ‏‎	1.2.1.0	Fixed errors in declination indicated by users. Accounting for two types of apostrophes in Ukrainian words, for example, Mar Added the Plural function, which allows you to get the nominative plural form of a word or phrase. " Janovich.
Mar' Janovich	1.2.0.0	‎01/03/2013 ‏‎
Added function for determining gender (gender) for Russian and Ukrainian languages.	1.1.0.0	‎25.11.‎2012 ‏‎
Added functions for declination of full name in Ukrainian.	1.0.0.2	‎20.12.‎2011 ‏‎

Added the ability to deflect data from multiple cells.

Buy Morpher.xll

Delivery period
web service.

	You can purchase the add-on in two ways:	Online
Agreement + bank transfer	Documentation	Reporting documents are not provided.
We will issue you an invoice, send you a contract and an act - scans and mail.

Please enable JavaScript to view the

In Russian, full names in the genitive case change mainly in the same way as other proper nouns - depending on the declension to which they belong. Examples of surnames, first names and patronymics in the genitive case: the book of Elena Sergeevna Ivanova, the works of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, the apartment of Maryam Alexandrovna Chernykh.

Declension of surnames in the genitive case

The main inflected types and examples of surnames in the genitive case are presented in the table:	Masculine	Feminine
Plural	Surnames starting with – ov/ev, – in/yn, – skiy/skoy, – tskiy/tskoy	Petrova, Pshenitsyn, Chatsky, Borovsky	Petrovoy, Pshenitsynoy, Chatskoy, Borovskoy
Petrov, Pshenitsyn, Chatsky, Borovsky	Surnames that sound like adjectives	Black, Crimean, Tolstoy, Dashing	Black, Crimean, Tolstoy, Dashing
Black, Crimean, Tolsty, Dashing	Surnames that sound like nouns	Miller, King, Crow	Miller, King, Crow
Miller, King, Raven	Miller, King, Raven	FRIDAYS, Kafka, EARTHS
Friday, Kafka, Earth	Surnames with fluent vowels	Leo, Hare	Leo, Hare
Lion, Hare	Double surnames	Solovyov-Sedogo, Tkach-Preobrazhensky	Solovyova-Sedoy, Tkach-Preobrazhenskaya

Solovyov-Sedykh Tkach-Preobrazhensky

Declension of names in the genitive case

Examples of declension of names in the genitive case:

Please note: in the name Lyubov in the genitive case the root vowel “o” is not dropped.

Declension of patronymics in the genitive case

In the genitive case, patronymics are declined as follows:

Exceptions

French surnames with a stressed ending - a; Surnames with stems in – ko, – e, – i, – y, – yu and consonant with the neuter gender in – o; Surnames without grammatical gender with a base on – their/s; Not Russians

What is noun declension? The declension of nouns in the Russian language is a constant grammatical feature that indicates the peculiarities of changing nouns by case and number. There are three productive...
Types of declension of adjectives The declension of adjectives in the Russian language is a constant grammatical feature of adjectives, indicating the peculiarities of changing words by number, gender and case. They highlight...
Features of the declension of the full name in the dative case The form of the dative case in the Russian language has surnames, first names and patronymics, the final elements of which are amenable to Russian inflection: Surnames,...
What is the accusative case? The accusative case in Russian is an indirect case expressing objective, subjective or adverbial meanings. The accusative case answers the questions - Who?...
Spelling of case endings of nouns Case endings of nouns are represented by a system of endings indicating the grammatical relationship of nouns to other words in sentences and phrases. Case endings...
What is the genitive case? The genitive case in Russian is an indirect case that expresses the meaning of the definition of an object, as well as subject or object relations. Nouns in genitive...
For students German Declension of nouns seems to be a very important and not the easiest topic. In German there are three types of inflections: strong (otherwise it...
What is the prepositional case? The prepositional case in Russian is an indirect case, which is used in speech exclusively with prepositions. Nouns in the prepositional case answer...
German surnames began to appear and spread from the 12th century. But it was not until 1875 that they began to register and enroll. Since then, every German...
Adjective (adj.) – a word that means attributes or qualities of an object. Adj. names in German are divided into qualitative (interessant - interesting, schlecht - bad) and relative...
MINISTRY OF GENERAL AND PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF THE RF KHAKASS STATE UNIVERSITY. N. F. KATANOVA INSTITUTE OF PHILOLOGY, DEPARTMENT OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE specialty 021700 – “Philology” Abakan, 2001 INTRODUCTION...
The full form of German adjectives (adj.) is inflected, that is, it agrees with the noun before which the adj. takes place in the sentence as its definition....
Features of endings in the prepositional case In the prepositional case, the endings of singular nouns depend on the type of their declension. In the plural of the prepositional case, nouns of all...
Peculiarities of spelling endings of the instrumental case In the Russian language, case forms of the instrumental case have nouns and adjectives that have case endings Etc. and answering questions...
Rules for using adjectives with and without an indefinite article. There are 2 ways to remember these rules: mechanical and logical. MECHANICAL METHOD (memorization) Adjective endings after...

Rules and examples of declension of male and female names, patronymics, and surnames.

Competent speech and writing distinguish people who have received a good education, from illiterate representatives of humanity.

Knowledge of the rules native language will definitely help you when addressing people by their first, patronymic, and last names.

Let's talk in more detail about the features of their declension for male and female options.

Correct declension of a masculine surname: rule, example

a schoolboy looks in a book for examples of correct declension of surnames

Depending on the origin, the presence/absence of a vowel at the end of a word or a consonant, masculine surnames have a number of rules for declension.

Globally, we divide them into 2 large groups:

changing endings
remaining unchanged

The first group of rules includes:

-ov, -in for Russian and borrowed variants are inclined according to the classical scheme. For example, work by Ivanov, the painting belongs to Sanin, I’m waiting for Sidorov, to talk with Fonvizin about Krysin.
The surnames of foreigners starting with -in, -ov in the instrumental case acquire the ending -om. Example: the role was played by Chaplin, the hero was voiced by Green.
When the bearer of the surname is Russian and it comes from Russian homonyms, the rule with the ending -й in the instrumental case is triggered.
Example: from the word krona - go with Kronin, from the dialect version chaplya - skating with Chaplin.
Unstressed endings -а, -я are declined according to general rules.
For example, Globa’s notebook, Shegda’s car, Okudzhava’s production.
Georgian -iya letters change endings, For example, merits of Beria.
-and the accent at the end of surnames of Slavic origin suggests a change in endings, For example, with Kvasha and Frying Pan.
A hard or soft consonant at the end of a surname turns into combinations with vowels during declension.
For example, Blok’s poems, interview with Gaft, give to Mickiewicz.
In the adjective form it is declined according to the general rules.
For example, victories of Lyuty, campaign to Tolstoy.

The second group of rules include the following:

foreign letters remain unchanged,
-a, -ya percussion of French origin does not bend, for example, Dumas's carriage, letters about Zola,
-they don’t bend at the end,
with endings in -o, -u, -i, -e, -yu remain unchanged when declension,
-yh at the end keeps the surname unchanged during declension.

Correct declension of a male name: rule, example

cartoon wise owl explains the rule for declension of male names

There are also male names of different origins. However, the rules for their declension are the same:

when a name ends with a consonant, hard or soft, or with -th, changes occur according to general principle Declension of nouns.
The stress remains unchanged, but moves in monosyllables.
Examples: Alexander - Alexandra - Alexandru, Peter - Petra - Peter, Timothy - Timothy - Timothy.
-iya, -ya, -ya, -eeya are similar to the declension features of nouns with a similar ending.
Example: Elijah - Elijah - Elijah, Zechariah - Zechariah - Zechariah.
-a - the change in ending corresponds to the rule of declension of ordinary nouns with -a at the end.
Example: Nikita - Nikita - Nikita.

Since the Russian language has a lot foreign words and names of people of other nationalities, the latter in some cases do not fall under the rules of declension and remain unchanged. These are names ending with:

vowels -yu, -u, -y, -i, -e, -e, -o. Example, Jose, Aibu
two vowels, except -iya, -ee. Example, Francois, Kachaa

Correct declension of the masculine patronymic: rule, example

child school age looks through the rules and examples of declension of a male patronymic on a tablet

Let us note a number of features before moving on to declination male middle names:

Classic endings, namely -evich, -ovich.
Example, Alexander Alexandrovich, Timofey - Timofeevich.
Adding a soft sign before the ending if the father's name ends in -iy, that is -evich.
Example, Valery - Valerievich.
If the father's name ends in -a, then -ich is added to the patronymic. Example, Luka - Lukich, Nikita - Nikitich.

Let's add a table with changes in endings in male patronymics when declining them by case:

Declension table for male patronymics by case

Correct declension of a feminine surname: rule, example

a stack of open books with examples of the correct declension of female surnames

Women's surnames have a number of differences from men's surnames in declension.

With the ending in -ina, -ova change according to cases. For example, for Shukshina, for Ivanova.
Depending on the characteristics of the declension of male surnames, there is a difference for female variants. For example, Currant, Pearl. In this case, the declination in the female variants is the arrival of Nadya Smorodina and Lina Zhemchuzhina. If the male versions are Smorodin and Zhemchuzhin, then the female ones, respectively, are the arrival of Zoya Smorodina and Katya Zhemchuzhina.
Unstressed -a and -i change endings when declensional. Example, Valentina Globa, Katerina Okudzhava.
Similar to adjectives change the ending according to the principle of declension of adjectives. Example: Lena the Great, Tatiana Svetlaya.

Lack of declensions for surnames:

French origin
ending in -ko, -o, -e, -i, -u, -yu, -yh and also with a consonant

Correct declension of a female name: rule, example

a girl with glasses looks out from behind the books in which she was looking for rules for declension of female names

In general, female names change their ending when declined. There are a number of rules that govern this:

ending in -a, except for g, k, c, x. Example:

Declension table for female names ending in -a

the same ending after g, k, x and separately after c

table of declension of female names ending in -a after g. k, x

Declension table for female names ending in -a after c

two-syllable names ending in -я, as well as those that have this letter unstressed, change their endings according to cases as follows:

Declension table for female names ending in -i

ending in -iya, except for disyllabic ones. Example below:

example of declension of female names into -iya in the table

ending in soft sign and hissing ones - change as follows:

tables of declension of female names ending in the nominative case with a soft sign and a hissing letter

Exceptions include a number of female names of foreign origin. They often don't bow down.

Examples are the same names that were presented in the table above, which have a hissing letter at the end.

Correct declension of the feminine patronymic: rule, example

a tired schoolboy at his desk covered himself with an open textbook with the rules for declension of the feminine patronymic

There are a number of rules for declension of female patronymics depending on their formation from male names. Namely:

names ending in unstressed -a form patronymics with -ichna. If the last syllable male name with emphasis, then -inichna. Example: Nikita - Nitichna, Ilya - Ilyinichna.
If the basis is a name of the second declension with a zero and ending in -iy, then the patronymic is added -ovna, -evna. Example: Evgeny - Evgenievna, Vladimir - Vladimirovna.

For clarity, we insert a table of declension of female patronymics:

table of changes in endings in female patronymics when declining them according to cases

So, we have looked at a number of rules for declining surnames, first names and patronymics for men and women. We also studied them with examples.

Practice the rules by declining the first, middle and last names of your relatives. Then you will remember all the rules faster.

Happy studying!

Video: how to decline surnames by case?

Often in ordinary conversation, during a discussion of certain familiar people, we decline their last names, without really thinking about whether they decline at all. And if in a friendly conversation this is not so important, then, for example, in business documentation it is simply necessary to pay attention to such nuances. There are certain rules for declension of surnames in Russian.

In order not to get confused, it is worth remembering school curriculum Russian language, including the study of cases. Let's take as an example the standard Russian surname Sidorov and decline it in both the masculine and feminine gender:

Nominative (who?) - Sidorov (m.b.), Sidorova (w.b.);

Genitive (whom?) - Sidorova (m.b.), Sidorova (w.b.);

Dative (to whom?) - Sidorov (m.b.), Sidorova (f.b.);

Accusative (of whom?) - Sidorova (m.b.), Sidorov (f.b.);

Creative (by whom?) - Sidorov (m.b.), Sidorova (f.b.);

Prepositional (about whom?) - about Sidorov (m.b.), about Sidorova (f.b.).

Surnames like the one mentioned above are the easiest to decline. But there are surnames that do not have a suffix, for example, Koshevoy, Lanovoy, Tolstoy, Bronevoy.

The rules for declension of surnames of this type are the same as for adjective names, that is, it would be correct to write like this: Lanovoy, Lanovoy, Lanovoy, Lanovoy, Lanovoy, about Lanovoy. In the feminine gender, the surname will sound like Lanovaya, Tolstaya, Bronevaya, etc. Like first names and surnames ending in -sky, -tsky, -skoy, -tskoy, -ev, -in, -yn, -ov.

If among your friends there is a person named Gladkikh, Cheremnykh, Malykh, etc., then remember that this is a surname of a frozen form that does not decline. The rules also prohibit inflecting surnames of foreign origin ending in -i, -i, -yh, -ey. Those that end in -yago, -ago also do not incline. To put it simply, typical surnames of Russian origin should be declined as adjectives, and atypical and foreign ones - as nouns.

However, there are surnames ending in -o. For example, Shevchenko, Prikhodko, Gusko, Makarenko. In this case, the rules for declension of male surnames, as well as female surnames with such an ending, state that such surnames are not declined in either singular or in. Also, female surnames ending in th, -ь or are not declined. This and such surnames can be declined , only if they belong to a man. For example: “Give this to Vladimir Vlasyuk” and “Give this to Natalya Vlasyuk”, or “Call Sergei Matskevich” and “Invite Veronica Matskevich”.

If a man's surname ends in -a or -ya (Skovoroda, Golovnya, Mayboroda), then the rules for declension of surnames allow you to change the endings. For example, Vasya Soroka, Vasya Soroki, Vasya Soroka, Vasya Soroka, etc. Foreign surnames that end in a vowel (Dumas, Hugo, Stradivarius, Rossini) cannot be declined. Also, the rules for declension of surnames do not allow changing them if they are dissonant, cause inappropriate associations or are consonant with geographical name or personal name. For example, surnames such as Varenik, Gordey, Donets, Gus, in any case remain unchanged, regardless of whether they belong to a man or a woman.

Surnames ending in -ov/ev, -in/yn, -skiy/skoy, -tskiy/tskoy make up the bulk of Russian surnames. Their declension usually does not raise questions and occurs with the addition of endings according to following rules:

Table 1. Surnames starting with -ov/-ova
Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural

			Ivanova	Ivanovs
			Ivanova	Ivanov
				Ivanovs
		Ivanov	Ivanova	Ivanov
		about Ivanov	about Ivanova	about the Ivanovs

Table 2. Surnames in -skiy/-skaya
Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural
		Akhtyrsky	Akhtyrskaya	Akhtyrskiye
		Akhtyrsky	Akhtyrskaya	Akhtyrskikh
		Akhtyrsky	Akhtyrskaya	Akhtyrsky
		Akhtyrsky	Akhtyrskaya	Akhtyrskikh
		Akhtyrsky	Akhtyrskaya	Akhtyrsky
		about Akhtyrsky	about Akhtyrskaya	about the Akhtyrskys

2. Surnames consonant with adjectives are declined in accordance with the declension of adjectives in the masculine and feminine gender and in the plural: Likhoy, Tolstaya, Bely, Velikiy.

Table 3. Surnames consonant with adjectives
Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural
	Who? which one?
	whom? which one?
	to whom? which one?
	whom? which one?
	by whom? which one?
	about whom? about which one?

3. Surnames consonant with nouns are declined according to gender; grammatical gender does not affect the declination. Including foreign languages without stress on the last syllable. Examples of surnames: Melnik, Guitar, Bull, Vorona, Chernous, Shcherba, Kafka. Masculine surnames (Melnik, Trus) are declined for men according to the rule of declension of masculine nouns, but for women they are not declined in the plural. Feminine surnames (Gitara, Friday) for men and women are declined according to the rules of declension of feminine nouns; in the plural, the surname has the form of the nominative case in men and is not declined according to cases.

Table 5. Surnames consonant with feminine nouns
Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural

Note 1. It is worth clarifying the emphasis in surnames ending in -a, since the ending of the instrumental case depends on this. Compare: Left-handed - Left-handed, Left-handed - Left-handed. Note 2. French surnames with accent ending -а, -я, not inclined: Emile Zola, Pierre Broca, about Alexandre Dumas.

Surnames that coincide with nouns with a fluent vowel are also declined with the loss of the vowel. Examples: Hare - Hare, Forehead - Forehead, Leo - Leo. However, family traditions may dictate an exception; the vowel is not dropped. For example: Lapot - Lapotya (instead of Laptya).

Russian surnames ending in -o, Ukrainian surnames ending in -ko, as well as foreign surnames ending in -o, -e, -i, -u, -yu are not declined. Examples: Swamp, Gold, Petrenko, Timoshenko, Zhivago, Dali, Ordzhonikidze, Gandhi.

Surnames formed from the genitive case of a personal name, nickname or family are not declined . Their genus is not determined. They end in -vo, -i/s. Examples: Khitrovo, Sedykh, Malykh.

7. In double surnames, each part is declined by case separately in accordance with the rules described above.