In yellow hot africa,
In the central part of it,
Somehow suddenly, outside the schedule,
Having a misfortune.
Elephant said without disobey:
- It can be seen to be a flood! ..-
In general, so: one giraffe
Fell in love with antelope.
Here he rose to the Gallezh and Lai,
And only an old parrot
Loudly shouted from the branches:

- What is the horns of her? -
Shouted giraffe love
Today in our fauna
Equal all polls!
If my whole relatives
Will not be glad to her -
Do not put on me -
I leave the flock!
Here he rose to the Gallezh and Lai,
And only an old parrot
Loudly shouted from the branches:
- Giraffe big - he is visible!
Dad Antelope
Why such a son?
Anyway - what's in his forehead,
What in the forehead is all one.
And the giraffes began to grieve:
- Vidalid the island? -
And went to the bison live
With giraffe antelope.
Here he rose to the Gallezh and Lai,
And only an old parrot
Loudly shouted from the branches:
- Giraffe big - he is visible!
In yellow hot africa
Do not see idylls.
Pour giraffe with giraffy
Crocodile tears.
Only grief not help -
No, now the law.
Giraffes came out daughter
Marry Bizon.
Let the giraffe were wrong
But the giraffe is not guilty
And the one who shouted from the branches:
- Giraffe big - he is visible!

Translation of the lyrics of the song Vladimir Vysotsky - Giraffe is big, he is visible

In The Yellow and Hot Africa,
In The Central Part,
Suddenly, out of schedule,
~ IS IT ~ Misfortune.
Elephant Said Do Not Understand:
- Seen to Be The Flood! ..-
In General: One Giraffe
FELL IN LOVE WITH THE ANTELOPE.
And Only The Old Parrot

- What, The Horns?
Cried the Giraffe Lovingly.-
NOW IN OUR FAUNA
All Polls Are Equal!
IF All of My Family
She "s not happy-
DON "T BLAME ME
I Am Out Of The Herd!
There Was Hubbub and Barking,
And Only The Old Parrot
Shouted Loudly From The Branches:
- Giraffe Great - He Knows Better!
Dad Antilophia.
Why such a Son?
IT WAS HIM IN THE FOREHEAD,
That Forehead - All The Same.
Giraffes and Son-in-Law Whine:
See the Mutt? -
And Went to Buffalo to Live
With a giraffe antelope.
There Was Hubbub and Barking,
And Only The Old Parrot
Shouted Loudly From The Branches:
- Giraffe Great - He Knows Better!
In The Yellow Hot Africa
NOT See The Film.
Lew Giraffe Mother Giraffe WITH
Crocodile Tears.
Grief Not Only To Help
There is now a law.
THE GIRAFFES CAME OUT DAUGHTER
Married to a bison.
Let Giraffe Was Wrong,
But Was Not a Giraffe,
And The One Who Yelled From The Branches:
- Giraffe Great - He Knows Better!

Song is not about that, or what happened in Africa - the song of Vladimir Vysotsky (1968).

- So what happened in Africa?-

On one "non-serious" song V.Vysotsky
Bibina A.V.

Vladimir Vysotsky has a lot of joking works, at first glance, do not apply to the depth of content and extremely clear. This seems and a well-known song about Giraffe, one of the copyright names of which - "Song is not about that, or what happened in Africa. One family chronicle. " But the poet himself emphasized the presence in his humorous writings of the "second layer" - necessarily serious. An attempt to detect it leads to fairly interesting results.

N. Krymova believes that the meaning of the "second layer" was concluded in the refrain of the song - the replica of the parrot, which went into everyday speech as a proverb (Crimea N. On the poetry of Vladimir Vysotsky // Vysotsky V. S. Favorites, M. 1988. P. 494 ). V. Novikov calls the phrase "Giraffy Big - he's more visible" by the formula of adaptation (Novikov V. Training of the Spirit // Vysotsky V.S. Four-quarters of the road, M. 1988, pp. 268), although it would be more precisely to talk about adaptable, but about non-interference. Such reading text looks quite appropriate. Direct satire on the life principle "My Hut with the Edge - I don't know anything" from Vysotsky; But also for his lyrical hero, and for those close to him in the world-carriage of characters, the opposite is characterized by the principle of "interventions", active participation in what is happening: "I am before vomiting guys, for you cotton!" ("I fate to the last feature, before the cross ..."); "In order for the clouds to scatter, / guy was needed there," ("Throw boredom, like a watermelon crust ..."). The indifference and indifference turns around the tragedy - both personal and common: "Podepov, the rod frozen the yellow sun, / and no one said: they moved, raise, do not sleep!" ("I breathed blue ..."). And life itself in this system of concepts is considered as a "good deal" - apparently, interesting and useful ("I left the case"), and passivity and apathy are actually equated to death ("the song of the Deccent Man").

So, the first of the possible interpretations of the events "in yellow hot Africa": the criminal indifference of others - the consequence of the "active passivity" of the parrot - helps Giraf to cancel the laws of the animal world, destroy the established order. But was the wrong "Giraffe really wrong?" We will look more closely to this character and its actions.

Exploring the opposition of the top and bottom in the artistic system of Vysotsky, A. Skobelev and S. Shaulov: "The look Up is always a characteristic of a person spiritualized ... - The poet at Vysotsky is always a creature" long ", and therefore, by the way," Giraffe Big ", which is more visible, Causes a clear author's sympathy "(Skobeliev A., Shaulov S. Concept of man and world: Ethics and aesthetics Vladimir Vysotsky // V. S. Vysotsky: Research and materials. Voronezh, 1990. P. 43). Moreover: this character clearly stands in a number of heroes apprived by the author with "consistently non-conformal behavior" (ibid., P. 34-35). Overcoming the views imposed by others and love, defending their right to individuality, the giraffe comes almost the same way as the lyrical hero, who does not want to move "there, where everything" ("Alien Pole"), and on the outraged "Gallege and Lai" he It could well answer by the words of one of the attractive role-playing characters for the poet: "I don't care - I really want!" ("Floor").

Taking into account the said the plot should be understood positively: the giraffe turns out to be a distance of obsolete customs, and family connections arising between animals between animals - similar to interethnic marriages. In a new way, the position of the parrot: his proposal does not interfere in unusual, but ultimately the natural course of events - the manifestation is not indifference, but wisdom (no wonder he is "old"). The concept of "wisdom of non-interference" appears - but in this artistic system it is almost oxymmer!

Comparison of mutually exclusive and individually explicitly unsatisfactory interpretations encourages again and again to read into the text - and to detect not yet taken into account elements. So, the giraffe, although it looks like a library Hero of Vysotsky, but at the same time endowed with the author, the author is clearly unpleasant, - a tendency to demagogy: "Now in our fauna / equal to all threshold!" (A similar paroding of ideological formulations occurs in Vysotsky repeatedly. As an example, the characteristic of the character of the song "Waste" can be given: "A neighbor yells, that he is the people, / which is the main law of the law: / what - who does not eat, he does not drink, - / And drank, by the way, "and in the poem" Bridges burned down, broddes ... "We find the" endless way forward ", which turned into the movement of the crowd in a circle with a shot down guideline, and others, also, poems" We are brought up in contempt To theft ... "And" We are vigilant - we will not break the secrets ... "). Moves to reflections and the fact that lovers are rejected by the society of themselves like. These are the results of the approval of individuality; But how to regard them? "The unfulfilled second part of the paradoxical call was left by the Hero lyrchnic:" ... do as me! / This means - no need for me<...>"(" Alien Pitch "): followers of the giraffe, thoughtlessly repeating his actions, actually approve a new stereotype. This again changes the interpretation of the work. Complete interpretation may hardly have every string. As, for example, you should understand the pun: "pouche giraffe with giraffic / crocodile tears"? The interaction of the names of various animals leads to the actualization of the direct value of the definition and destroys phraseologism, forcing it literally to perceive it. But is it canceled by his general language, - in other words, really burn characters or to comply with decency? And finally: "... no giraffe is guilty, / and the one who ..." - why, in fact, should someone be guilty? Is it a serious conclusion or ironic?

In essence, in the "Song" ... "There are several different worldviews (three at least: youth-romantic attitude to life, magnificent-realistic and semi-core). As a result, it turns out to be ambiguous. Despite its external frivolity and seemingly "morality", the author offers us a lot of deep questions here - perhaps not solved by himself. Or not at all with the final decision ...

***************************************************************************

* Today in our fauna / Fauna (Novolat. Fauna, from Lat. Fauna - the goddess of forests and fields, patroness of the herd of animals) - a historically established combustion of animal species living in the art and included in all its biogeocenoses.

Soased and unresolved inter-ethnic conflicts of the region of the Great Lakes of the Black Continent resemble a giant sleeping volcano. If he explodes, the shock wave can cover Africa as it was one day. And the echoes of this explosion will be heard far beyond.

Pre-election fever

The pre-election political struggle in Burundi reached its flow at the end of April - early May of this year and resulted in mass protests. The catalyst for the outbreak of national discontent was the decision of the current head of the state of Pierre Nkurunziza to go to the elections for the third time, which, in the opinion of the opposition, is a violation of the Constitution. On the night of May 14, an attempt was made by a military coup led by General Godfruy Niirebar. Nukurunziza President at that time was an official visit in Tanzania.

During May 14-15, the rebellion of the military group was suppressed, the generals who headed him were arrested. According to the Office of the UN High Commissioner, 20 people were killed during mass protests and insurrection, about 470 were injured, and left the country over 105 thousand people. The election of the President and the Senate was postponed indefinitely.

Hutu and Tutsi

The Republic of Burundi is a small country in Equatorial Africa, one of the poorest in the world, borders with Rwanda in the north, with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in the West, has a border with Tanzania in the south and east. According to the factbuk CIA, the population is a little more than 10 million

Of these: representatives of the people of Hutta are about 85%, Tutsi - about 14%, pigmeys are less than 1% and there is a slight number of immigrants from Europe, India and the Middle East. Most of the population, over 86% of Christians. Official languages: Rwanda or Kinyaruda (belonging to the group of languages \u200b\u200bof a bow, Nigero-Congolese Linguistic Family) and French. There is one most solarmed in the country and still not eliminated problem - the conflict of two nations: Hutu and Tutsi.

These two ethnos live on an extensive territory, which includes entirely Burundi and Rwanda, as well as the Eastern lands of DRC (both provinces of Kivu), the southern regions of Uganda and the area of \u200b\u200bTanzania, located in close proximity to the border with Burundi. Hutu is predominantly farmers, Tutsi - herds. The entire snag is that there is no obvious anthropological and cultural difference between these ethnic groups. Experts talk about the Khamita origin of Tutsi, but at the same time noted that they are genetically more than other African peoples are similar to Hutu.

According to historians, the ancestors of Hutu - the branch of the people of the bow - came to the area of \u200b\u200bthe Great African Lakes from the West in the first century, the local tribes fell and settled on these lands. The ancestors of Tutsi, the Khamiti (like Ethiopams) - immigrants from the African horns, the militant people, subjugated their Hutu about 500 years ago. And since then until the middle of the twentieth century, only the representatives of Tutsi were the ruling class in the region. In the colonial period, the German authorities first, then replaced by the Belgian relying on Tutsi in the affairs of territories management, then called Rwanda-Urundi. In the 50s of the last century, the situation has changed. Tutsi repeatedly raised the rebellion against the Belgian authorities. Therefore, the colonialists began to look for allies among the elite of the nationality of Hutu, and Tutsi was persecuted. Moreover, the Belgian authorities put a lot of effort into inciting hostility between Hutu and Tutsi.

Which is written blood

In November 1959, on the territory of Rwanda Urundi, which was under the control of Belgium, there were first mass clashes between Hutu and Tutsi. In 1961-1962, the militant detachments of the rebels Tutsi have intensified their actions, at the same time began to grow similar movement and among the hut. And those and others fought with colonialists and among themselves. After the care of Belgians in 1962, two independent states - Rwanda and Burundi arose on the territory of the former colony, initially constitutional monarchies. Most of the population of these countries - Hutu, and the ruling elite was from the representatives of Tutsi. The army of these states, primarily the team composition, mainly completed from Tutsi. In Rwanda, the monarchy was liquidated shortly after independence, and in Burundi - only by 1966. Both countries became republics, inter-ethnic conflict remained. Universal authority made it possible to take power in their hands. In Rwanda, immediately following the establishment of the Republican Board broke out a civil war. The Huti came to power were fought with the guerrillas of Tutsi. In the same mode in Rwanda passed all the 60s. By the beginning of the 80s, most of the population of the country, mainly Tutsi, immigrated to the neighboring Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania and Burundi, where partisan detachments were formed from among refugees, which later, in 1988, were united under the political leadership of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF).

At the same time, a series of military coups happened in Burundi, and representatives of Tutsi came to power. But the hut did not accept such a position of things, the flywheel of the Civil War began to unwind here. The first serious battles between the government forces and the guerrillas of the Hutu, united under the banners of the Burundian Workers' Party, occurred in 1972. Subsequently, the power of Burundi conducted large-scale punitive shares against the partisans and the population of the Hutu, as a result of which were killed from 150 thousand to 300 thousand people. In 1987, a military coup led to power in Burundi Major Pierre Buyoy, Tutsi by origin. Displaced ruler Colonel Jean-Bathist Bagaza was also Tutsi. The new dictator then several times was re-elected for the presidential post, which left only in 1993. He for a short time replaced the newly elected democratic path the representative of the Hutu - Melchior Ndadaya. The latter stayed as head of state a little less than seven months and broke up with the authorities, and at the same time with life as a result of another military coup. The new current of the civil war was very bloody. Only according to official data, about 100 thousand people died in a short period of time. In early 1994, the warring parties were made a compromise in the negotiations, there were free elections in the country. A new president was elected from Hutu - Siprien Nariamyir, and the Prime Minister was the representative of Tutsi Anatole Kanienkiko.

Massacre in Rwanda

In 1990, a detachment of 500 RPF fighters was penetrated to the territory of Rwanda from Uganda under the leadership of the Kagama field. Thus, Tutsi declared themselves in their homeland with help. New Civil War began in Rwanda. In 1992, with the mediation of the Organization of African Unity, the opponents sat down at the negotiating table, but the fighting was not stopped. The second round of negotiations, carried out in French mediation, also did not give results.

At the same time, the ruling party - the "coalition of protection of democracy" in the republic began to create a mass militia Hutu - "Impassugamby" (translated from the language of Kinyaruda - "those who have a common goal") and at least massive youth groups Inteahmwe ( "Those who attack together"). On April 6, 1994, a plane was shot down by an anti-aircraft missile at the Rwandan capital to the Rwandan capital, the plane was shot down, on board who was President Rwanda Jewwenal Habyariman and President of Burundi Siprien Nariamyir (both Hutu). Everyone who was on the plane died. On the same day, Rwandan military, police and militia Hutow blocked the capital and main roads. Central television and radio launched responsibility for the death of the presidents at the rebels from the RPF and UN peacekeepers, there was a call to destroy the "Tarakanov Tutsi" in the literal air. On the same day, the Prime Minister of Agata Willuligiyiman (Hutu) was killed, together with her 10 Belgian peacekeepers guarded her house. The Presidential Guard and Militia Hutu took part in this action. At the same time, the RPF detachment of 600 people, housed in accordance with previously achieved armistice agreements in Kigali, began fighting against government forces and militia Hutu. At the same time, military actions were activated by the main RPF forces in the north of the country.

On the night of April 8, 1994, a temporary government was created in Kigali, which consisted only from Hutu, theodore Sindicubavabos was acting by the president - one of the initiators of the massacre. UN forces refused to protect victims of massacres. For 70 days, more than 350 thousand people were killed over 30 days of the massacre. In June, the pace of murders was extremely high, according to the testimony of human rights defenders, died an average of 72 people per hour. Only on June 22, the UN Security Council decided to deploy additional peacekeeping forces in Rwanda. By this time, the RPF army has already controlled more than 60% of the country's territory. The guerrillas Tutsi took the capital on July 7. In total, 1 million people died at the hands of extremists. Fearing revenge on the side of Tutsi, about 2 million huts fled to the adjacent Zaire. The party of Tutsi RPF came to power in the country. In April 1994, their army did not exceed 10 thousand bayonets, and in July its number increased to 40 thousand.

First Congolese

Together with 2 million refugees from Rwanda in Zaire, the militants "Impusemugamba", Inteahamve and former soldiers of the Rwanda army (AR) were gone - only about 40 thousand fighters, who founded the military camps near the border and made a raid to the territory of Rwanda. President of Zaire Mobutu, whose power by the mid-90s became noticeably to weaken, used these forces for its own purposes and did not interfere with them in their activities, which caused the dissatisfaction of local nationalities.

The Rwandan leader Paul Kagama said in one of his interviews that 1 million Rwandans were hidden in Zair's camps, whose blood shown to obstacle. Military RPFs began combat training of Zaire rebels before the first Congolese war. Among them were not only Tutsi (whose local name is "Banyamasisi" in Northern Kivu and Banyanulenge in South Kivu), but also many anti-government forces of Zaire. RPF troops were preparing for intervention. Uganda and Burundi performed the Allies of Rwanda. Angola also referenced to the initiative of Kigali, mainly because Mobutu worked closely with the organization of the Angolan Rebel UNITA. The leadership of the RPF led the active diplomatic preparation of the war, as a result of which they managed to obtain political support for Ethiopia, Eritrea, Zambia and Zimbabwe, as well as approval from a number of countries of the West, primarily the United States.

In accordance with the official information of the time, President Zaire Mobutu had one of the strongest armies at hand (Zaire Army - AZ) on the continent. But as it turned out, this army was only on paper. Really, its number has not exceeded 60 thousand bayonets. The most reliable compound of Az was a special presidential division (SPD) of about 10 thousand bayonets. The combat capability of the special forces of military intelligence (CVR) was also evaluated high. The remaining troops were suitable only for punitive shares. Good tanks, units of trunks and reactive artillery was a bit. Military aircraft and helicopters Mobutu purchased during the war. In the realities of Az was one of the worst armies in the world. And this is despite the fact that instructors from Belgium, France, the United States and other countries were engaged in preparation at different times. The Zaire army was corrosion from the inside incompetence and corruption.

Mass protests in Burundi in the spring of this year. Photo Reuters

By September 1996, about 1,000 Banyaamulenge fighters and 200 Banjamasisi penetrated Rwanda to Zaire and began preparations for combat actions. In October, 10 RPF Army battalions (about 5 thousand bayonets) invaded Zaire. These forces were divided equally for action in the north in the Goma district and in the south in the Bukavu area.

The number of Zaire's troops on the shores of Lake Kivu did not exceed 3.5 thousand bayonets. Three battalions were stationed in the Goma area - two of the forces of military intelligence and one of the 31 parachute brigade. A little north of Goma was located: one parachute battalion, one battalion of the National Guard and the Rota of Military Intelligence Forces. In addition, about 40 thousand militia fighters Hutu and former soldiers AR were located in the cross-border zone.

At dawn on October 4, Banjamulenga detachments attacked the village of Lemer, in which the military garrison and the hospital were located. The rebels were subjected to a mortgage of the position of AZ and attacked the enemy at the same time from several sides, but they did not grow to surround, left the opponent's enemy.

Approximately on October 16, a large column of the rebel troops entered the Zaire lands from the territory of Burundi and moved to the north, in the cities of Urira and Bukawa. By the beginning of November, all major border cities were captured, including the Gomom, during the storming of which the Rwandan military boats were supported from Lake Kiva Rebel. Kinshasa sent reinforcements to his forces: six batteries of field artillery, an incomplete Battalion of the SPD, the SCVR division, but everything was in vain.

In the fall of 1996, the rebels formed the alliance of the democratic forces of the liberation of the Congo Zaire, Laurent Cabil was elected to the leader, Marxist, follower of Patrice Lumumba and Ernesto Che Guevara.

The UN responded to the beginning of the war by decision to send peacekeepers to protect the refugee camps. The United States, Canada and a number of other Western countries agreed to allocate military contingents for this. Alliance and RPF plans collapsed in their eyes. Rwanders to save the situation, urgently started the elimination of refugee camps and coercion of the latter return to their homeland. The militarized detachments, guarding camps, were scattered, about 500 thousand refugees returned to Rwanda. The need to send peacekeepers to this region disappeared. Most of the Militia Hutu and former soldiers AR retreated deep into Zaire, many refugees left with them. It was at that time in Kigali, according to the testimony of General Kagama, it was decided to overthrow the Mobuta regime.

In the first days of December 1996, the rebel detachment of no more than 500 fighters successfully attacked the Garnisuse of Az in the city of Beni, who had more than 1 thousand bayonets. The rebels secured their right flank and opened their way to the province of Upper Zaire. And this was the last case when the alliance in all stated about the big enemy's losses. In the future, the rebels distributed only information about their humane attitude to the soldiers of government troops. It had a positive effect, the AZ servicemen preferred to surrender, without having a stubborn resistance to the alliance troops.

In mid-December, the Ugandan Army units for the support of the rebels entered the northeastern lands of Zaire. By the end of December, the troops of the Alliance captured all the eastern lands of Zaire and began to move the country deep into the country. By the new year, 6 thousand rebels, with the support of divisions of the regular troops of Rwanda and Uganda, came in three main areas: in the north - through the Upper Zaire on Isiro, in the center - on Kizgani, and in the south - along the shore of Lake Tanganik.

At this time, General Mahel Bacongo Leeko headed Zair's troops. The new commander Az substantiated his KP in Kizgani. The subordinates of the troops were divided into three sectors: Sector N (NORD) covered the Upper Zaire and Kizangani region; Sector with (center) defended Kindu and central regions of the country; Sector S (SUD) covered the Katang province.

Mobutu did not trust his army and attracted foreign mercenaries. In his "White Legion" about 300 "Good luck soldiers" was listed. Legion Legion Belgian Christian Tavernier. The actions of the mercenaries from the air covered four Mi-24 helicopters with Ukrainian and Serbian crews. These Mi-24 mobutu purchased in Ukraine. But military luck was not on his side.

Az troops left the city of Wats on January 25, 1997. The rebels took the port of Kalemm on February 8, and Ishiro got it on February 10th. In mid-February 1997, the Angolan government forces entered the war on the side of the insurgent alliance. The capital of East Zaire, the city of Kizangani, fell on March 15. The rebels captured most of the entire park of Zaire artillery and military equipment.

The final act of this war and the fall of the Mobutu regime was practically lightning. The capital of the province of Katanga - Lubumbashi passed under the control of the Alliance on April 9. Alliance's forces rapidly approached Kinshasas. The rate of the rebel has increased significantly and amounted to 40 km per day. Angolan troops participated in Kinshasu. Already on April 30, the rebels were over the control of the rebels, and on May 5, their troops approached Kenge (about 250 km east of Kinshasa). Here the rebels unexpectedly met the stubborn resistance of the AZ troops and units units. The SPD battalion and near the company Uniti fighters stubbornly defended the bridge across the Quango River and even once again tried to counterattack, but they laid no more than one and a half days and were forced to retreat due to the threat of a complete environment. In this battle, the forces of the Alliance suffered the greatest losses for the whole war. There were two more desperate attempts of the Az forces to suspend the offensive of the Alliance - in battles for bridges across the Bomb River (May 14-15) and Nsenel (May 15-16).

The rebel troops appeared on the outskirts of Kinshasa on the night of May 16 on May 17. Mobutu by that time had already left the country's limits. The capital of Zaire defended about 40 thousand soldiers of AZ, some of them were without weapons, and about 1 thousand fighters of UNITA. Most of the generals fled from the country after Mobutu. In order not to sink the capital in the blood, the commander of AZ General Malela began negotiations with the Alliance, for this he was killed by the supporters of the dictator. Kinshasa was in the hands of the Alliance on May 20, 1997. After deploying a mobutu, a new president became the Cabil. The country began to be called the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

Military losses of each side did not exceed 15 thousand people killed. There are no accurate data on victims among civilians. According to international human rights organizations, about 220 thousand Hutu was missing.

Great African

After taking the rebels, Kinshasa foreign allies, the troops of Rwanda and Uganda were in no hurry to leave the territory of the DRC. Some parts of the Rwandan army were located right in the capital and behaved there in the business. In order to resolve the crisis, the President of the Cabil (who accepted the name Desire) on July 14, 1998, dismissed the head of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the DRC Rulandian James Kabarek and appointed Cellis Cyfua Congolese to this post. Two weeks later, the head of the DRC thanked the Allies for his help in the past war and ordered them to urgently leave the country's territory. By August, the Cabile began to negotiate with the militia fighters Hutu about interaction and supply their weapons. In Kinshas and other cities of the country, mass pogroms directed against Tutsi began.

In early August, two compounds of the Congolese army were rebelled - the 10th Brigade in the Roma and the 12th Brigade in Bukavu. On the morning of August 4, the plane with 150 soldiers of the RPF Army landed in a military camp near the city of Cabinda, where he was retracted to 15 thousand former soldiers of AZ, which entered into the ranks of the rebels. Soon the rebels with the support of the Allies seized a significant territory in the east of the DRC.

By August 13, the rebels of Banyanulenge and their allies captured the port of Matadi, on August 23, Kizangani (Diamond Center DRC). And at the end of August, the rebels and invaders were already near Kinshasa and threatened with a full blockade. In Goma, Banjamulenge / Banyamasisi's rebels and their forces supporting them announced the creation of a new political association "Movement for the release of the Congo" (Doc), which failed at the head of the rebellious movement; An alternative Congolese government was created.

Military actions were conducted throughout the country. The combat orders of government troops consisted mainly of the scattered reference points. The dock strength fell along the roads, the front line was not. The Army of the DRC and its supporting forces suffered a defeat almost everywhere, sabotage groups of rebels were commissioned at its operating lines. The position of the Government of the DRC was critical, President feverishly sought allies, addressed military assistance to the governments of most African countries and even tried to enlist the support of the Cuban Leader Fidel Castro.

Finally, the diplomatic spells of the President of the Cabil brought their fruits. Zambia, Zimbabwe and Angola entered war on the side of Laurent Cabil. A little later, troops from Chad and Sudan arrived in the DRC. In September, the paratroopers from Zimbabwe landed in Kinshasas and defended the capital from the capture of the rebels. At the same time, the units of the Angola army invaded the territory of the DRC from the province of Cabinda and caused a number of blows on the rebels. As a result, the rebels and their allies were forced to move to the east of the country. Starting from the fall of 1998, Zimbabwe began to use the Mi-35 helicopters in battles. Angola also threw the SU-25 airplanes purchased in Ukraine. The rebels in response effectively used PZRK.

The Cabile managed to preserve his power in the west of the country, but East DRC remained behind the rebels, on the side of which Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi performed. Kinshasu was supported by Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Chad, Sudan. Libya provided financial support to the DRC and provided combat and transport aircraft.

In early December, fierce battles flared for the city of Moba and the bonded on the shore of Lake Tanganyik, where the rebels and the opposing troops of the DRC and Zimbabwe suffered tangible losses. As a result, the city of Moba remained in the hands of the armies of the DRC, and the bonded - in the hands of the rebels.

In December, the fighting in the north of the country on the shores of the Congo River was unfolded. The Army of DRC and its allies from the air supported Sudanese aviation. Fights walked with varying success. By the end of 1999, the Great African War was reduced to the confrontation of the DRC, Angola, Namibia, Chad and Zimbabwe against Rwanda and Uganda. In the fall of 2000, the government troops of the cabin (in the Union with the Zimbabwe Army), using aviation, tanks and trunks of artillery, squeezed the rebel and Rwandans from Katanga and all captured cities were allotted.

In the south of the country, during 2000, the 8th Central Air Force Zimbabwe was actively operating. It was four SU25 (purchased in Georgia) with Ukrainian crews. In the air over the DRC, several dozen crocodiles (MI-35) of the Congo Air Force, Rwanda, Namibia and Zimbabwe were fought, some of them piloted aviation legionnaires from the CIS countries. In 2000, Congo purchased 30 BTR-60 in Ukraine, six MT-LB tractors, six 122 mm self-propelled Gaubitz 2c1 "carnation", as well as two Mi-24V and Mi-24K helicopters.

The rebels did not have absolute unity in the ranks. In May 1999, he left his post Ernest Wambow, instead of him the movement headed Rwandan Miller. Then the dock collapsed into several fractions that were bent among themselves. In August, there were collisions between Rwandan and Ugandan military in the city of Kizangani. Soon Uganda signed an agreement with the DRC about the cease-fire. The decision of the UN Security Council of February 24, 2000, 5537 French peacemakes were sent to the DRC.

On January 16, 2001, Laurent Desire Cabil was killed by his own bodyguard. The president of the country took his son Joseph Cabil. During 2001-2002, the regional alignment of the forces has not changed. Opponents, tired of the bloody war, exchanged sluggish blows.

In April 2001, the UN Commission established the facts of illegal production of Congolese diamonds, gold and other valuable minerals of Military Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe.

In early 2002, the Congolese rebels came out from under the control of President Rwanda, many of them refused to fight and moved to the side of the DRC. There were collisions between the rebels and Rwandan military. Finally, on July 30, 2002, Rwanda and DRC signed a peace treaty in Pretoria. And on September 6, a peace treaty between Uganda and DRC was signed. Based on this contract on September 27, 2002, Rwanda began the withdrawal of its divisions from the territory of the DRC. The rest of the conflict and the rest of the conflict followed. On this formally, the second Congolese war ended. According to various estimates, in it only from 1998 to 2003 he died from 2.83 to 5.4 million people.

In May 2003, the civil war began between the Congolese tribes of Hema and Lend. In June 2004, Tutsi raised an anti-government rebellion in South and North Kivu. The next leader of the rebel was the Colonel Laurent Nkunda (a former companion of the senior classroom), who founded the National Congress in defense of the peoples of Tutsi. The combat operations of the Army DRC against the rebel colonel lasted for five years. Then followed the "M23" grouping uprising in April 2012, which covered the East of the country. In November of the same year, the rebels managed to capture the city of Goma, but soon they were killed by government forces. During the conflict between the central authorities and M23, several tens of thousands of people died, more than 800 thousand people were forced to leave their homes.

Going around war

In the DRC to this day the unstable situation is preserved. In the country there is one of the largest contingents of peacekeepers, according to UN Security Resolution, the number of blue caskens (Monusco) is provided within 19,815 people. Now in the DRC about 18.5 thousand servicemen and 500 Military monusco observers, as well as 1.5 thousand policemen. Peacemakers are struggling with various militarized groups operating mainly in the east of the country.

During the Great African War, the Government in Kinshas helped: China, Libya, Cuba, Iran, Sudan, North Korea. Rwanda and Uganda donors were the United Kingdom, Ireland, Denmark, Germany and the United States. As it turned out, this support was not free. To some extent, this war touched Russia, Ukraine and other former Soviet republics. Transport aircraft, most of the combat aircraft and helicopters of each of the opposite parties, piloted Russian and Ukrainian pilots, and served their technical staff of the same national composition.

During the war, Rwanda and Uganda exploited diamonds and deposits of rare metals in the east of DRC. Angola was embraced by theft of oil and diamonds, Zimbabwe controlled copper and cobalt production in Katang. The most attractive for Deltsov was tantalum (TA), which is used in the production of computing equipment and mobile phones. Large deposits are located in the south-east of DRC. The tantal mined in Congo is called "Colombo Tantalit", abbreviated "Coltanta", is exported to 200 tons of his ore per month. The largest consumers of this metal - the United States and the PRC.

In the east, DRC fighting is still going. In Rwanda in 2017, the next presidential elections must pass, whether they will be free unknown. Since the end of July 1994, in power in the country - Tutsi, the presidential post is held by the representative of this people Paul Kagama. Let me remind you that most of the population of Rwanda - Hutu, whom the dominance of Tutsi is.

In Burundi, the elections of the president and the Senate delayed this year will sooner or later take place. Three forces are fighting for power: those who want the consent between Tutsi and Hutu; Those who are happy for the hegemony Tutsi, and those who wish the primacy in the country Hutu. The most interesting thing is that the last two currents, irreconcilable enemies, are now united. The situation in Burundi is currently remotely reminds of the one in Rwanda in the spring of 1994. No one can guarantee that the process of political struggle in Burundi will not switch to the uncontrolled phase and the conflict flywheel, which has once led to the Great African War, will not be promoted again.