Option 1.
1 . The chemical elements carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen are called...
2. Differences between living and inanimate nature arise at ... level.
3. The composition of thyroid hormones includes the microelement....
4. The hemoglobin molecule contains ions....
5. Substances soluble in water are called....
6. With the complete oxidation of 1 g of lipids, ... energy is released.
7. The amino acids that make up proteins differ from each other….
8. The process of destruction of the primary structure of a protein is called....
9. Monomers of nucleic acids are….
10. Proteins that influence the rate of biochemical processes in the cell are called....
11. Structural polysaccharide of plants….
12. Reserve polysaccharide of animals and fungi….
13. Secondary structure protein is...
14. The proteins actin and myosin perform... function.
15. Polysaccharides, according to the characteristics of their monomers, belong to the group of... biopolymers.
16. The process of synthesizing a new DNA strand on a template is called....
17. Instead of thymine, RNA nucleotides contain a nitrogenous base....
18. A fragment of a DNA molecule encoding one polypeptide is called....
19. The molecule… has a secondary structure in the form of a cloverleaf.
20. Quantitative patterns of the content of nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule were established by....
Open biology tests (tasks - additions) on the topic:
« Molecular level organization of life" 10th grade.
Instructions for performing tests:
- Read the sentences carefully.
-Choose the necessary words to the places where they are missing.
- Under the corresponding numbers in your notebook, write down only what is missing.
Option 2.
1. At the elemental level, the differences between living and inanimate nature….
2. Chlorophyll molecules contain metal ions....
3. The supporting structures of horsetails and diatoms contain compounds....
4. Due to the mobility of molecules, water can perform ... function.
5. In relation to water, lipids and lipoids belong to the group of... compounds.
6. With the complete oxidation of 1 g of carbohydrates, ... energy is released.
7. Sex hormones and adrenal hormones are synthesized in the body from...
8. High molecular weight organic compounds, the molecules of which consist of large quantity remnants of simple molecules are called...
9. Protein monomers are….
10. The process of restoring the natural structure of a protein after reversible denaturation is called....
11. Structural polysaccharide of animals and fungi….
12. The main reserve polysaccharide of plants….
13. The primary structure of a protein is held together by... bonds.
14. The proteins collagen and elastin perform ... function.
15. Proteins and nucleic acids, according to the characteristics of their monomers, belong to the group of... biopolymers.
16. The process of doubling a DNA molecule is carried out by an enzyme....
17. Polynucleotide chains of DNA are located opposite each other according to the principle....
18. Adenine nucleotides of DNA and RNA are different….
19. All types of RNA are synthesized in….
20. Scientists ... and ... established the macromolecular structure of DNA, and also built a model of the DNA molecule.
Answers to open-type tests (tasks - additions) on the topic:
“Molecular level of life organization” 10th grade.
| |
|
| option 1 | option 2 |
| 1. organogenic 2. molecular 3. iodine 4. iron. 5. hydrophilic 6. 38.9 kJ 7. radicals 8. destruction 9. nucleotides 10. enzymes 11. cellulose 12. glycogen 13. spiral 14. motor 15.regular (periodic) 16.replication (reduplication) 17. uracil 18. gene 19. tRNA 20. E. Chargaff | 1. absent 2. magnesium 3. silicon 4. transport 5. hydrophobic 6. 17.2 kJ 7. cholesterol 8. biopolymers 9. amino acids 10. renaturation 11. chitin 12. starch 13. peptide 14. structural 15.irregular (heteropolymers) 16. DNA synthetase (DNA polymerase) 17. complementarity 18. pentose 19. core 20. D. Watson and F. Crick |
Work evaluation criteria:
score 5 with 18-20 correctly completed tasks;
score 4 with 15-17 correctly completed tasks;
score 3 with 12-14 correctly completed tasks;
score 2 for 11 or fewer correctly completed tasks.
Tests of this type allow you to test your knowledge in a short time, and the possibility of guessing is excluded.
Pasechnik N.V. MBOU school No. 17 of Feodosia
Test on the topic “Molecular level: proteins, fats, carbohydrates”
Option 1
A1.Which class? chemical substances refers to ribose?
A-protein B-carbohydrate
B-lipid
A2.By what means chemical bond Are amino acids connected to each other in a protein molecule with a primary structure?
A-disulfide B-hydrogen
B-peptide G-ion
A3.What part of the amino acid molecules distinguishes them from each other?
A-radical B-carboxyl group
B-amino group
A4.Protein monomers are:
A-nucleotides B-amino acids
B-glucose G-fats
A5.Most important organic matter, in part of the cells of all kingdoms of living nature, which has a primary linear configuration, refers to:
A-k polysaccharides B-k lipids
B-to ATP G-to polypeptides
A6.How many of the known amino acids are involved in protein synthesis?
A-20 B-100
B-23
A7.What function do proteins not perform in a cell?
A-informational B-catalytic
B-solvent G-storage
A8. Protein molecules that bind and neutralize substances foreign to a given cell perform the function...
A-protective B-energy
B-catalytic G-transport
A9.What is the name of an organic substance whose molecules contain C, O, H atoms that perform an energy and construction function?
A-nucleic acid B-protein
B-carbohydrate G-ATP
A10.Which carbohydrates are polymers?
A-monosaccharides
B-disaccharides
B-polysaccharides
A11.Necessary for everyone chemical reactions a substance in the cell that plays the role of a solvent for most substances is...
A-polenucleotide
B-polypeptide
B-water
G-polysaccharide
Option 2
Part A. Choose one correct answer
A1. The group of monosaccharides includes:
A-glucose
B-sucrose
B-cellulose
A2.Which carbohydrates are insoluble in water?
A-glucose, fructose B-starch
B-ribose, deoxyribose
A3.What polysaccharides are characteristic of a living cell?
A-cellulose B-glycogen, chitin
B-starch
A4.Fat molecules are formed:
A-from glycerol, higher carboxylic acids B-from glucose
B-from amino acids, water
G-from ethyl alcohol, higher carboxylic acids
A5.Fats perform the following functions in the cell:
A-transport B-energy
B-catalytic G-information
A6.What compounds do lipids belong to in relation to water?
A-hydrophilic B-hydrophobic
A7.What is the importance of fats in animals?
A-membrane structure B-thermoregulation
B-source of energy D-source of water D-all of the above
A8. What is the composition of vital important connection does iron come in?
A-chlorophyll B-DNA
B-hemoglobin G-RNA
A9. What is the average proportion of water in a cell?
A-80% B-1%
B-20%
A10. Substances that are highly soluble in water are called:
A-hydrophilic B-amphiphilic
B-hydrophobic
A11. At what level of life organization are there similarities between organic world and inanimate nature?
A-on fabric
B-on the molecular arm
B-on the cellular
In-at atomic
Test. Molecular level. Option 1. 9th grade.
A1.Which chemical element is contained in cells in the greatest quantity:
1.nitrogen
2.oxygen
3.carbon
4.hydrogen
A2.Name chemical element, which is part of ATP, all monomers of proteins and nucleic acids.
1)N 2)P 3)S 4)Fe
A3.Indicate a chemical compound that is NOT a carbohydrate.
1) lactose 2) chitin 3) keratin 4) starch
A4.What is the name of the protein structure, which is a helix of a chain of amino acids, coiled in space into a ball?
A5. In animal cells, storage carbohydrate is:
1.starch
2.cellulose
3.glucose
4.glycogen
A6. The main source of energy for newborn mammals is:
1.glucose
2.starch
3.glycogen
4.lactose
A7.What is an RNA monomer?
1) nitrogen base 2) nucleotide 3) ribose 4) uracil
A8. How many types of nitrogenous bases are included in the RNA molecule?
1)5 2)2 3)3 4)4
A9.Which DNA nitrogenous base is complementary to cytosine?
1) adenine 2) guanine 3) uracil 4) thymine
A10. Molecules are the universal biological energy accumulator
1).proteins 2).lipids 3).DNA 4).ATP
A11. In a DNA molecule, the number of nucleotides with guanine is 5% of the total number. How many nucleotides with thymine are contained in this molecule?
1).40% 2).45% 3).90% 4).95%
A12.What is the role ATP molecules in a cage?
1-provide transport function 2-transmit hereditary information
3-provide vital processes with energy 4-accelerate biochemical
reactions
IN 1. What functions do carbohydrates perform in a cell?
Catalytic 4) structural
Energy 5) storage
Motor 6) contractile
AT 2. Which structural components are part of the nucleotides of the DNA molecule?
Various acids
Lipoproteins
Deoxyribose carbohydrate
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
AT 3. Match structure and function organic matter and its appearance:
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SUBSTANCE
A. consist of residues of glycerol molecules and fatty acids 1. lipids
B. consist of residues of amino acid molecules 2. Proteins
B. Participate in thermoregulation
D. Protect the body from foreign substances
D. are formed due to peptide bonds.
E. They are the most energy-intensive.
C1. Solve the problem.
There are 1250 nucleotides in a DNA molecule with adenine (A), which is 20% of their total number. Determine how many nucleotides with thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) are contained individually in a DNA molecule. Explain your answer.
Total: 21 points
Evaluation criteria:
19 -21 points – “5”
13 – 18 points – “4”
9 – 12 points – “3”
1 – 8 points – “2”
Test. Molecular level. Option 2. 9th grade
A1. Four chemical elements account for 98% of the total contents of the cell. Indicate a chemical element that is NOT one of them.
1)O 2)P 3)C 4)N
A2. Children develop rickets with a deficiency of:
1.manganese and iron
2.calcium and phosphorus
3.copper and zinc
4.sulfur and nitrogen
A3.Name the disaccharide.
1) lactose 2) fructose 3) starch 4) glycogen
A4. What is the name of the protein structure, which is a spiral that is folded into a chain of amino acids?
1) primary 2) secondary 3) tertiary 4) quaternary
A5. In plant cells, reserve carbohydrate is:
1.starch
2.cellulose
3.glucose
4.glycogen
A6. The greatest amount of energy is released during the decomposition of 1 gram:
1.fat
2.squirrel
3.glucose
4.carbohydrates
A7.What is a DNA monomer?
1) nitrogen base 2) nucleotide 3) deoxyribose 4) uracil
A8. How many polynucleotide strands are included in one DNA molecule?
1)1 2)2 3)3 4)4
A9.Name a chemical compound that is found in RNA but not in DNA.
1) thymine 2) deoxymyribose 3) ribose 4) guanine
A10. Molecules are the source of cell energy
1).proteins 2).lipids 3).DNA 4).ATP
A11. In a DNA molecule, the number of nucleotides with cytosine is 5% of the total number. How many nucleotides with thymine are contained in this molecule?
1).40% 2).45% 3).90% 4).95%
A12.What compounds are included in ATP?
1-nitrogen base adenine, carbohydrate ribose, 3 molecules of phosphoric acid
2-nitrogen base guanine, sugar fructose, phosphoric acid residue.
3-ribose, glycerol and any amino acid
Part B (choose three correct answers from the six proposed)
IN 1. Lipids perform the following functions:
Enzymatic 4) transport
Energy 5) storage
Hormonal 6) transmission of hereditary information
AT 2. What structural components make up the nucleotides of an RNA molecule?
Nitrogen bases: A, U, G, C.
Various acids
Nitrogen bases: A, T, G, C.
Ribose carbohydrate
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the features and the molecules for which they are characteristic.
FEATURES OF THE MOLECULE
A) are highly soluble in water 1) monosaccharides
B) have a sweet taste 2) polysaccharides
C) no sweet taste
D) glucose, ribose, fructose
D) insoluble in water
E) starch, glycogen, chitin.
C1. There are 1100 nucleotides in a DNA molecule with cytosine (C), which is 20% of their total number. Determine how many nucleotides with thymine (T), guanine (G), adenine (A) are contained individually in a DNA molecule, explain the result obtained.
Part A – 1 point (maximum 12 points)
Part B – 2 points (maximum 6 points)
Part C – 3 points (maximum 3 points)
Total: 21 points
Evaluation criteria:
19 - 21 points – “5”
13 – 18 points – “4”
9 – 12 points – “3”
1 – 8 points – “2”
9th gradedate of__________________
Option I
1. Which of the following chemical compounds is not a biopolymer?
a) Protein; b) glucose; c) deoxyribonucleic acid; d) cellulose.
2. The parts of the amino acid that change are:
a) amino group and carboxyl group; b) radical;
c) carboxyl group; d) radical and carboxyl group.
3. In the process of biochemical reactions, enzymes:
a) accelerate reactions, but do not change themselves;
b) accelerate reactions and change as a result of the reaction;
c) slow down reactions without changing;
d) slow down reactions by changing.
4. Monomers of DNA and RNA are:
a) nitrogenous bases; b) deoxyribose and ribose;
c) nitrogenous bases and phosphate groups; d) nucleotides.
5. Protein secondary structure is maintained by:
a) peptide bonds; b) hydrogen bonds;
c) disulfide bonds; d) bonds between acid radicals;
e) all of the above types of communication.
6. Polymers include:
a) starch, protein, cellulose; b) protein, glycogen, fat;
c) cellulose, sucrose, starch; d) ribose, protein, fat.
7. Molecules are built from amino acid residues:
a) carbohydrates; b) proteins; c) lipids; d) fats.
8. Monosaccharides include:
a) lactose, glucose; b) deoxyribose, sucrose;
c) glucose, fructose; d) glycogen, maltose.
9. What function does ribosomal RNA perform?
a) Forms ribosomes;
b) removal and transfer of information from DNA;
c) transfer of amino acids to ribosomes;
d) all of the above functions.
10. The connection of two DNA chains into a helix is carried out by bonds:
a) ionic; b) hydrogen; c) hydrophobic; d) electrostatic.
11. The protein shell in which the virus genome is enclosed is called
a) virion b) capsule c) viroid d) capsid
12. Viruses multiply
a) only in the host cell
b) independently, outside the host cells
c) both options are correct
Task: a fragment of one of the DNA chains has the following structure: AAG-GCT-ACG-TSG. Build mRNA on it.
Full name__________________________________________9th gradedate of__________________
Test on the topic “Molecular level”
Option II
1. Which substance dissolves well in water?
a) Fiber; b) protein; c) glucose; d) lipids.
2. Protein molecules differ from each other:
a) sequence of alternation of amino acids; b) the number of amino acids in the molecule;
c) the form of the tertiary structure; d) all the specified features.
3. In what case is the composition of a DNA nucleotide correctly indicated:
a) ribose, phosphoric acid residue, thymine; b) phosphoric acid, uracil, deoxyribose;
c) phosphoric acid residue, deoxyribose, adenine; d) phosphoric acid, ribose, guanine.
4. Monomers of nucleic acids are:
a) nitrogenous bases; b) ribose or deoxyribose;
c) deoxyribose and phosphate groups; d) nucleotides.
5. Amino acids in a protein molecule are connected through:
a) ionic bond; b) peptide bond; c) hydrogen bond; d) bonds between acid radicals.
6. What is the function of transfer RNA?
a) Transfer of amino acids to ribosomes; b) removal and transfer of information from DNA;
c) forms ribosomes; d) all of the above functions.
7. Enzymes are biocatalysts consisting of:
a) from proteins; b) lipids; c) nucleotides; d) fats.
8. Polysaccharides include:
a) starch, ribose; b) glycogen, glucose;
c) cellulose, starch; d) starch, sucrose.
9. Carbon as an element is included in:
a) proteins and carbohydrates;
b) carbohydrates and lipids;
c) carbohydrates and nucleic acids;
d) everyone organic compounds cells.
10. The cell contains DNA:
a) in the nucleus and mitochondria:
b) nucleus, cytoplasm and various organelles;
c) nucleus, mitochondria and cytoplasm;
d) nucleus, mitochondria and chloroplasts.
11.Viruses are...
a) non-cellular life form
b) the oldest eukaryotes
c) primitive bacteria
12. Viruses consist of
a) proteins and nucleic acid
b) cellulose and proteins
c) DNA and RNA
d) nucleus and cytoplasm
Task: the mRNA fragment has the following structure: GAU-GAG-UAC-UUC-AAA. Identify tRNA anticodons. Also write the fragment of the DNA molecule on which this mRNA was synthesized.
Answers:
Option I: 1 – b, 2 – b, 3 – a, 4 – d, 5 – b, 6 – a, 7 – b, 8 – c, 9 – a, 10 – b, 11-d, 12-a.
Solution: According to the rule of complementarity, we determine the mRNA fragment and divide it into triplets: UUC-CGA-UGC-AAC.
Option II: 1 – c, 2 – d, 3 – c, 4 – d, 5 – b, 6 – a, 7 – a, 8 – c, 9 – d, 10 – d, 11-a, 12-c.
Solution: we break down the mRNA into triplets GAU-GAG-UAC-UUC-AAA. This fragment contains 5 triplets, so 5 t-RNA will participate in the synthesis. Their anticodons are determined by the complementarity rule: TsUA-TsUTS-AUG-AAG-UUU. Also, according to the rule of complementarity, we determine the DNA fragment (by mRNA!!!): CTATCTCATGAAGTTT.
