Vlasik's orderly. Nikolai Vlasik - biography, information, personal life. Start of a new activity

Not far from the Belorusskaya metro station, Nadezhda Nikolaevna Vlasik-Mikhailova, the daughter of Nikolai Sergeevich Vlasik, lives in a small two-room apartment. After the death of her mother, according to her father’s will, she handed over his suicide notes-memories of Stalin to Georgiy Aleksandrovich Egnatashvili with a large number of photographs from personal archive Nikolai Sergeevich. I had a great desire to definitely meet her and write down her unbiased childhood and family memories of her father. And although she is already a pensioner, she is a wonderful art editor and graphic artist by profession, having worked for more than thirty years at the Nauka publishing house, her talent and skill are still needed by this unique publishing house. She's still working from home designing the Literary Monuments series and other publications, so finding time to chat hasn't been easy. Our meeting took place at her home. It was a leisurely and sincere conversation about the past and the most precious things in her life. And it began, as usual, with her childhood and youth, with the first impressions of a child who came into our cruel and imperfect world.

My life began in Belarus, in the same village where Nikolai Sergeevich Vlasik was born - my uncle, not my blood father. I was born on August 1, 1935, as the fifth child in the family of Olga Vlasik, Nikolai Sergeevich’s sister, who was only two or three years younger than him. And when in December 1939 he came to visit us with his wife in the village, he took me and took me to Moscow forever. So since 1940 I have been a Muscovite.

I take it he adopted you?

Yes. But not at once. At first he simply took me to Moscow to feed me, because we lived very poorly, there were five of us half-starved children. This was the year of the annexation of Western Belarus. Nikolai Sergeevich helped us all the time, and when he had the opportunity, he came and saw me, the smallest and thinnest in the family. After all, I was only four years old then. And since he didn’t have any children of his own, although he was already married for the third time, he somehow very quickly got used to me and asked my parents for permission to adopt me. They agreed, and he signed me up with his last name and patronymic. So I ended up with two moms and two dads. This was in the forties.

Probably, the fact that Nikolai Sergeevich decided to take such a responsible step was an important merit of your new mother? Please tell us who she is, what she was like in life, being the wife of such big man?

Well, first of all, she was very beautiful woman. Thirteen years younger than him and, as I already said, was his third wife. They met in thirty-one, and got married in thirty-two. Everything turned out interesting for them. This was her second marriage, because when she met her father, she was already married to an engineer. He loved her very much, and everything was fine with them. But then he went to Spitsbergen on a business trip. And when I returned a year later, she was already married to my father. And she never regretted it in her life. When she met her father, she fell madly in love with him. They had such a romance, such love! But divorce used to be easy. And my father was working in the Kremlin at that time, he was a commissar, so it was not difficult for him to send documents somewhere, and my mother and her first husband were divorced without a sound.

As they would say now, he used his official position...

Yes,” Nadezhda Nikolaevna smiled, “but it was too serious, which was confirmed by their entire subsequent life together and love to the grave. So it was a fateful moment in their lives. And my mother was the sixth child in the family of a businessman, and she was raised by her own aunt. After the seventeenth year, her father was already an old sick man, and he was not touched. Mom was a very extraordinary person - she completed shorthand courses and in English, which she mastered perfectly (she even had a diploma), but, unfortunately, it was never useful to her in life, and she was just a very good housewife.

You know what her father dictated to her before his death and what we published in the Spy magazine was written down at a very good literary level, soundly, efficiently and very competently, which also speaks of her extraordinary literary talent.

The fact is that she always read a lot and was interested in many things. Even in old age, after the death of her father, she suddenly decided to study Spanish, although I already knew a few foreign languages. But at the same time, she was not only an intelligent and educated woman, but also an amazing housewife who dearly loved her husband. But our father was a very explosive and even original person in this regard. It might have occurred to him after work and meeting with friends to come with them to our house in the middle of the night. And my mother was always ready at any time of the day, always dressed, always combed, always greeted with a smile and immediately set the table. And she always had everything, and everything was wonderful. And often he took her with him to the Kremlin to receptions, to banquets, to all sorts of ceremonial meetings... For example, they were together at an evening dedicated to Stalin’s seventieth birthday, and she looked very dignified next to her father. Worthy, so to speak, of a lady of high society.

How do you remember your father in your childhood?

From the age of four to six, I don’t remember much of him, just these photographs of me in his arms at the parade of the forties and forties. And when the war began, my mother and I went to Kuibyshev and lived there until 1943. When the Germans were driven away, we returned to Moscow, and I went to school. I studied, and then, in fifty-two, my father was arrested...

That's it, until the fifty-second year.

Unfortunately, in life it turns out that great things are seen only from a distance; time must pass before you realize who and what this or that person was for you. And the more I live in the world, the more deeply I realize what a great and extraordinary personality my father was and what an interesting fate he had. And then it was just my dad, whom I very rarely saw, because he worked day and night. When I was still little, I remember how he came home and entered the apartment: in a jacket with diamonds, with a wide belt and sword belt, with badges on the sleeves... He would eat quickly, lie down to rest for about forty minutes, then head under the tap - and again service. So I saw him very rarely. And then, when I started to grow up, I began to understand a little what was what, although my father never told me anything about his work. Maybe he told mom about something, but I doubt it. And then it became clear to me why he was so taciturn. His whole life was in work, family was always in the background. And only occasionally did he manage to be with us, and only in fits and starts. So, after the parade, coming down from the Mausoleum, where he was always next to members of the government, he came to us. Sometimes he managed to find a week or two, and we went somewhere south. To Kislovodsk, for example. I only now understand what it was like for my mother to be the wife of such a man...

So you were on vacation with your whole family?

This happened. Rarely, really. However, I remember Kislovodsk well in 1951, where we spent a wonderful two weeks. But already in the spring of the following year he was removed from work and transferred to Asbest to the position of deputy head of the camps. Life was very difficult for him there, because in this position there was a lot of writing that he could not stand. After all, he had only four years of education at a parish school, and writing was sheer torment for him. That is, he was a man of action, a brilliant leader and organizer, and not a clerical rat. And he was eager to go back to Moscow, wrote to everyone, and his mother persuaded him, coming to him: “Don’t twitch, be patient, sit out, even if they forget about you, it’s like that there now.” Time of Troubles, that it’s better to stay in the shadows...” Mom was a very smart woman and, it seems to me, more far-sighted than my father. “Someday your time will come and you won’t go through everything so painfully,” she convinced his hot head. "No!" - the father reared up. I went and ran into it. They exposed him and took him on December 16, 1952... Shortly before his arrest, my father said: “If they take me away, soon there will be no Master” (Stalin). And so it happened.

Do you remember this day well?

Still would! It was all so terrible! You wouldn't wish this on your enemy! The father went to work and did not return. Then they came to us with a search... Firstly, they had no right to break into the house without my parents, because I was still a schoolgirl, I had just come from school... Two healthy young guys burst in, go into the room: “Hand over the gold, hand over the weapons “Where are the weapons” - and so on. But I don’t understand anything, my mother is not at home, and I was so scared that I couldn’t utter words... It’s good that my mother came soon. They turned everything upside down and made some kind of inventory. And all this in very rude tones, they literally didn’t even let us leave the room.

They took a lot of things from us and a lot of things that were connected with my father’s archive. Actually, the main part. And what was left, my mother saved until her death. In 1985, people from Gori came to us with a letter from the Council of Ministers of Georgia with a request to transfer everything that was left to the Stalin Museum in Gori. I still have it, I can show it to you. And I handed over one hundred and fifty-two photographs, five Stalin smoking pipes, Nadezhda Alliluyeva’s student card, the original of her letter and something else. And I gave what was left to Bichigo, as my mother bequeathed to me. I only have personal photographs...

Can I take a look?

Please. Here is this photo from 1940. My father and I are at the May parade. And this is my family. My mother is Olga Sergeevna, my father’s older brother is Foma, my aunts are Danuta and Marcela. We lived in Western Belarus, next to Poland, hence the Polish names. And here is a photo from 1957, when dad returned from exile and lectured me...

What did he do after returning?

He was already old and sick. He was given a civil pension, it seems, one thousand two hundred rubles. And mom worked. When he was imprisoned, she was already about fifty. She grieved and grieved and went to work as a draftswoman. And when he returned, I already went to work without interrupting my studies at the institute. But here I am little in the arms of one young man, - Nadezhda Nikolaevna handed me an old photograph. - Do you know who he is?

Vasily Stalin?

Yes. It is he. Svetlana and Vasily came to our dacha quite often, and my father took photographs of us. And before I moved to Moscow, my mother said, Yasha often visited us. Mom even had photographs of him somewhere. And here they are! Mom said he was so shy! He somehow needed galoshes, and he came to his father and did not know how to tell him to buy him galoshes. They are so etched in my memory...

Very pity. It was amazingly modest and worthy man. The best and brightest son of Stalin. But did you meet Svetlana and Vasily after Stalin’s death?

No. When his father returned, he tried to establish contacts with Joseph Vissarionovich’s relatives, but nothing worked. He only communicated with his friends.

Tell me, Nadezhda Nikolaevna, is it true that Vasily is buried in Kazan?

My grandmother and I visited his grave. And what?

You see, the thing is that they say there is a doll there. In fact, Vasily was buried in 1985 in Gelendzhik under the name of Leonid Ivanovich Smekhov. The modest grave monument depicts a red-bearded man, an airplane above him, some poetry, and below is embossed: “Stalin V.I.” Very close to my grandmother's grave. Old residents of Gelendzhik said that when he was sick in Kazan, a nurse looked after him, who, with the help of Vasily’s old connections, made him a passport in the name of Leonid Ivanovich Smekhov and took him to Gelendzhik. The most interesting thing is that back in the sixties, when I was finishing high school there, I often saw this man, often drinking with ordinary men in parks and on benches. And none of his drinking companions even knew that they were drinking with Stalin’s son. And when I buried my grandmother and was walking away from her grave, I suddenly saw this primitive monument...

With my own eyes? - Nadezhda Nikolaevna was perplexed.

Certainly. And now they even take vacationers on excursions to his grave!

Amazing! Do you know that in the death of Vasily, like his father, there is a lot of strange and mysterious things... I remember that Korotich once wrote about the death of Vasily in his “Ogonyok”. So everything there is a complete mystery... That he went to Kazan with one nurse Masha, there this nurse was replaced by another Masha... Nothing is clear! And they told us that he fell ill with pneumonia there and was given some injections, after which he died. What kind of injections, what kind of injections? Why did he die from this? Everything is covered in darkness...

But who needed to arrange his grave in Gelendzhik?

You know, there was a legend that he was supposedly buried in Kazan, but then his body was stolen. In 1958, my grandmother and I were sailing on a ship along the Volga. And when he stopped for several hours in Kazan, we went to the cemetery and saw his grave there...

But there is a second grave in Gelendzhik! Who needs this?!

And who needed a legend to appear that I was Stalin’s illegitimate daughter?! - Nadezhda Nikolaevna could not stand it. - And she lived quite a long time! Who needs this?

Indeed? - I was surprised.

Well, of course. After all, everyone in my family is blonde, my father is slightly reddish, my mother, Olga Sergeevna, is a downright bright blonde, and I am a brunette. Who knows? Who can tell me anything now? My parents have been dead for a long time. I don’t know anything... A rumor spread that Natasha Poskrebysheva, my close friend, is very similar to Svetlana Alliluyeva - in hair color and facial features. But there is no confirmation of this, other than talk. Who needed this?.. And the legend about my origin greatly spoiled my life. That’s why my personal life didn’t work out for a long time. Everyone was somehow afraid of me. - Nadezhda Nikolaevna took out another stack of photographs. - This is the forty-first year, a few days before the start of the war. We are in Rublev with Vasily. And this is the fiftieth, in Barvikha, the three of us. Mom, Maria Semyonovna, dad and me. I am fifteen years old. He vacationed there three times, and in 1948 I even lived with him on vacation. And this is in fifty-seven. Look how terribly he has changed, what they did to him!..

I read the interrogation reports, of which nothing is clear at all. He confesses to everything he was accused of; I even got the impression that the accusatory bias was so steep and powerful that he seemed to agree with everything and made it clear: do what you want, I don’t care anymore...

He said that he was kept in handcuffs all the time and was not allowed to sleep for several days in a row. And when he lost consciousness, they turned on a bright light, and behind the wall they put on a gramophone a record with a heart-rending child’s cry. And in this state they took him for interrogation and eventually gave him a heart attack. He told me: “I don’t remember what I signed, I don’t remember what I answered! I was insane." Look at this little photograph of what they did to him during his six months in prison. And compare with this one, which was made a few days before the arrest...

Prisoner of a fascist concentration camp and brave Soviet general!

Exactly, brave one. After all, he was all about work - everyone knows that! The fact that he was an excellent organizer and possessed this extraordinary gift was told by his father’s close friends after his death. For example, something is not going well. He arrives and pinches one, twists the tail of another, encourages a third - and everything goes like clockwork! And his subordinates loved him very much. There were two cases in my life when people who worked with him helped me a lot. Even go to college once!

Really? How did it happen?

I entered the printing department. History exam. I take a ticket. I know the first question, I know the third, but I don’t remember the second... I’m worried. But my face always gave me away, it is like a mirror of my condition. I’m deciding what to do... I’ll answer the first, but how should I proceed to the second? And then suddenly a man gets up from the examiners’ table and comes up to me. He leans over and quietly asks: “What’s the problem?” - “You know, I can’t remember the second question, probably out of excitement.” And suddenly he says to me: “Listen, I worked with your father,” and suddenly begins to dictate my answer. Whispered everything to me. I was shocked. I passed well and got in.

And who was he?

Some kind of military man. I didn’t see him at the institute afterwards; I studied by correspondence. And the second time it was like that. I went to buy a coat and my wallet was stolen. It's good that the money was elsewhere. But there was a passport. But you know how difficult it is to restore a passport. And when I came to our police station, they told me that I had to pay a fine. And again, a policeman suddenly stands up and says: “There is no need for any fine, I worked with your father.” He shook my hand and they immediately gave me a new passport. Wow! If my father was bad person or a nasty boss, would I be treated like that?

But besides just human qualities, he was also very talented in many ways?

Not that word. It was just a nugget. Whatever he undertook, he succeeded. Judge for yourself, because he passed life path from shepherd to lieutenant general! Take his passion for photography. The Pravda newspaper constantly published his photographs. I remember no matter what number you pick up: “Photo by N. Vlasik.” After all, his house was equipped with a special a dark room. He did everything - from exposure and shooting to developing, printing and glossing - exclusively himself, without anyone's help. And what a billiard player he was! He beat everyone! And he did everything very well and very talented. Although by nature he was quick-tempered, lively, and hot. But at the same time very easy-going. After a while, he could completely forget everything and speak calmly. And if you somehow showed yourself, you could encourage him. He didn’t keep anything in his bosom. However, it was precisely this trait of his nature that played a fatal role in his career. This is what ruined him...

How?

Thanks to the fact that he told everyone everything straight to their faces (like a normal honest and open man) and, as they say, he cut the truth in the eyes, he made a bunch of enemies for himself, even among big people. I remember that Pyotr Nikolaevich Pospelov, a member of the Politburo, often visited us. So his father once said straight to his eyes: “You, Petya, are a sycophant!” It has to be like that. And this happened more than once or twice. And not only with him. My father was not afraid to tell the truth because, apparently, he hoped that everything would get away with him, since Stalin himself treated him well. But all this happened during Stalin’s lifetime, but when he died... In this sense, of course, my father was a short-sighted person. Because these dishonest people later remembered everything to him! Poskrebyshev, for example, was more diplomatic and cautious. And in the end he actually lost little. Although he was also very close to Stalin, like his father. But he always oriented differently...

And who else, Nadezhda Nikolaevna, had a grudge against her father?

Shortly before his death, he once told me about such cases. He was responsible for security, supplies, medical care, transportation and construction for all members of the government. And he adhered to the strictest budget. As he said, he had his own paper for everything: government permission, financial documents, etc. In short, his accounting was perfect. He speaks about this in his memoirs, and he wrote about this in his petition for rehabilitation addressed to Khrushchev. However, there were situations from which it was impossible to get out of it with dignity without making an enemy. Once, for example, Malenkov wanted to make a swimming pool at his dacha. But his father refuses him - it’s not included in the estimate! Making an enemy. Further. Molotov idolized his wife Zhemchuzhina Polina Semyonovna. And then one day Vyacheslav Mikhailovich asks his father to send either a whole train or a carriage to the south for her, so that she can come from the resort where she was vacationing. My father reported to Stalin, who forbade him: “Has he gone crazy? Why is this necessary?!” I made another enemy... And then, of course, it all took its toll. After all, they remained in power for a long time after Stalin’s death...

What I liked was that he was somehow strongly drawn to knowledge. Before his arrest, we had a five-room apartment. When he was taken away, two rooms were immediately sealed, and soon the family of a Georgian scientist from our Academy of Sciences moved in. And they left three rooms for our family, one for each. And they were all somehow located in the corners, and all isolated. And so, I remember, you get up at night, go out into the corridor and look - your father is reading. Sometimes in the morning I look out and read. I even read encyclopedias. I was interested in absolutely everything. More, of course, historical and political literature. I studied all the correspondence between Stalin and Churchill. I subscribed to a lot of newspapers. “Pravda”, “Komsomolskaya Pravda”, “Ogonyok”, “ New world", we received other thick magazines by mail. And on TV, I always watched the news program first. And he was interested in politics until the end of his days. And when a year before his death, in 1966, Svetlana Stalin left (first to carry the body of her Indian husband, and then through the American embassy in India to the USA), he was very worried, because she was actually born and raised before his eyes...

Tell me, Nadezhda Nikolaevna, what is the general attitude towards Svetlana of people who knew her well, friends, relatives?..

Very negative. And especially for men in Georgia. And not even because she threw mud at her father and changed her surname to her mother’s, although this is perhaps the main thing, but because in Georgia itself polyandry is highly condemned. And she succeeded in this regard...

Well, God be with her, with Svetlana. What is the father talking about? last years spoke most of all in my life?

One day we were talking about politics, and suddenly he suddenly said to me: “You know, I foresee that everything will end with the restoration of capitalism!” And this is the sixty-sixth year. I was stunned: “Dad, what are you doing? How can you say that?" And he answers: “Remember my words...” So he figured out what was what...

Did he say anything about work?

He hardly remembered anything about work, but something slipped through his mind. I was only nine years old then, but I remembered this scene for the rest of my life. My father leaves for work in the morning and says goodbye to me and my mother in a special, tender way. He picked me up and kissed me deeply. He kisses his mother and suddenly says: “I may not come back. Today I’m going to report to Beria.” And I look at him, and I get goosebumps - I was so scared. What report is this? Who is he going to so that he may not return? Who is he so afraid of? After all, he is the most close person Stalin! Who is this terrible Beria?! Then it made a terrible impression on me and was etched in my memory for the rest of my life. This was in forty-four...

Which of his friends visited your home?

My father was friends with the famous constructivist artist Vladimir Avgustovich Stenberg and operational worker Ivan Stepanovich Sirotkin. Conversations with Stenberg later influenced my choice of profession.

My father was responsible for many issues, including the supervision of the Bolshoi Theater. This is the organization holiday concerts, and estimates for their financing, and approval of the lists of speakers - he endorsed all this. He knew all the artists of the Bolshoi Theater, and therefore many of them often visited our home. And I knew many of them well. Quite often Sergei Yakovlevich Lemeshev came to us, and Ivan Semenovich Kozlovsky was generally his own person at our house. He came to us with his accompanist Abram Makarov. Ivan Semenovich was the soul of society - cheerful, witty, charming. Maxim Dormidontovich Mikhailov was also a close person. And Natalya Dmitrievna Shpiller, and Elena Dmitrievna Kruglikova, and Olga Vasilievna Lepeshinskaya. And the famous dancer Mikhail Gabovich even checked my data - as a child I dreamed of becoming a ballerina. “Well, the figurine is okay,” he concluded with a smile. “If you work hard, then maybe something will work out!” However, my parents categorically forbade me to be a ballerina. IN music school, however, they did, and I graduated from it along with the ten-year-old at the same time in piano class. We've had people in our house famous military leaders: Marshal Rokossovsky (after the Victory Parade on the twenty-fourth of June 1945), army generals Khrulev, Meretskov, Antipenko, Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov and scientific luminaries: academicians Bakulev, Scriabin, Vinogradov, Egorov and others. We were family friends with the Poskrebyshevs, and we spent all weekends and holidays, if my father was not busy at work, with them. More often - with them.

Sorry, Nadezhda Nikolaevna. The materials of his interrogations contain continuous drinking sessions. Tell me frankly: did your father drink?

After such work - for days, without sleep or rest - of course, he sometimes drank in order to somehow unwind and relieve fatigue. Like, I think, any normal man in his place. I just can’t imagine how he even withstood such a load! And since he started smoking when he was eight years old, he had diseased lungs. Back in the twenties, when he served under Dzerzhinsky, he began to develop tuberculosis, and he was sent to Ukraine for treatment. There he fattened up on lard and sour cream for two months. And his hearth somehow healed. And in 1927 he was transferred to Stalin’s guard, where he rose to the rank of head of the Main Directorate. But where the scars remained on the lungs, emphysema subsequently developed, which eventually turned into lung cancer, from which he died...

But, as you know, cancer is provoked by nervous and mental disorders. And above all, troubles associated with the main business of a person’s life.

Undoubtedly. The deterioration of my father’s health began in the early fifties, when clouds began to gather around Stalin and, naturally, around my father. - Nadezhda Nikolaevna opened the envelope and pulled out yellowed sheets of paper from notebook Nikolai Sergeevich, where notes were made with a simple pencil and, which was noticeable, with a nervous, trembling hand. - Here are excerpts from my father’s notes. It follows from them that for some reason the Sanupra doctors began to arouse suspicion. They were suspected of improper treatment of government members. And my father was ordered to check the entire professorship. Along the entire line, he carefully checked everyone and reported that all these people are absolutely clean, work with full dedication and their loyalty is beyond doubt. But some strange telegrams came from abroad... Moreover, the clouds seemed to be gathering on both sides. On the one hand, all this resulted, as you know, in the “doctors’ case,” and on the other, Beria was preparing the ground for the final undermining of Stalin’s health. These telegrams spoke of allegedly impending attempts on the life of the leader. And my father then said that somehow he and Stalin outlined a route to go south, and Beria reported that it was impossible to go along that road, since a conspiracy had been uncovered there.

After some time, Stalin expresses a desire to go somewhere else. Beria again: you can’t go there either, so-and-so confessed there, there are still saboteurs left, there’s a conspiracy again...

When approximately did all this start?

Literally immediately after Stalin’s seventieth birthday, from 1949. He became very suspicious. But this was Beria's work. After all, as his father said, his health was already undermined by the war, by all these sleepless nights and worries, and Lavrenty tirelessly escalated the situation with his systematic reports on the discovery of conspiracies. It was then that Maurice Thorez suffered severe paralysis, then an attempt on his life, another attempt on his life, and after a while - a disaster with Palmiro Tolyatti's car... Serious illnesses worsened in Georgiy Dimitrov and Dolores Ibarruri. All this raised doubts: were we treating them correctly? Only now I discovered in my father’s notes (I didn’t even know about this before) that they came to us for treatment under the guise of rest, so that in their homeland they would not know that they were actually seriously ill. Our professors advised them and prescribed treatment. They treated and cured. But then these professors were all arrested. - Nadezhda Nikolaevna brought a piece of paper from her father’s notebook to her eyes and read: “This was caused by Stalin’s growing suspicion. And Beria's reports. Telegrams came from different countries, including from socialist ones. They spoke of serious threats to kill Stalin and other government leaders. Telegrams arrived constantly, especially often a year or two before Stalin’s death. These messages were sent to the Party Central Committee and state security agencies. But it was not Beria who reported on them, but Malenkov. He also reported even before Abakumov’s arrest about the violation of the state border and the introduction of saboteurs. I took measures to strengthen security, especially during I.V.’s trip to the south. Then I learned that all these threats were fabricated to increase Stalin’s nervous excitability.”

But our professors cured Torez, Togliatti, and Ibarruri...

Nevertheless, they were still charged with wanting to poison Stalin. And the same accusation was brought against the father - that he was also a terrorist and in collusion with the sabotage doctors.

But then he was already removed from working for Stalin!..

Yes, Beria finally achieved his goal. But how did he manage to slander and remove himself from loyal to Stalin person remains a mystery... I don’t know that. Maybe there is something in the matter?

There is nothing in the case...

Then I don't know. But I am convinced of one thing: Stalin trusted his father limitlessly. I remember the year forty-six, when I was still little. Then my father was also temporarily suspended from his duties. It was summer, and our whole family went south. But when the time came for Stalin’s vacation, he firmly said: “I won’t go anywhere without Vlasik!” And he had to be summoned and returned to his previous position. I remember this very well.

But we're talking about fifty-two.

Allegedly, the reason for this was some kind of financial irregularities or abuses. Maybe there was something wrong with his accounting, but I seriously doubt it, remembering the responsibility with which my father treated financial issues. Moreover, the most interesting thing is that these motives were examined in detail both in fifty-six, when he returned, and in sixty-six, when he had already reached the very top. For ten years he fought for his rehabilitation. And in the end, after his case was considered by a commission in the CPC under the leadership of Shvernik, he came to an appointment with Nikolai Mikhailovich, and he told him: “Well, Vlasik, you’re good for being patient for a long time. Finally, your case will be decided, and, most likely, in your favor. Soon you will be called and an answer will be given to you.” And it so happened that on the very November holidays of the sixty-sixth, namely the sixth of November, he was summoned and given a negative answer. And this was the final refusal, which was such a terrible blow for him that he could not survive it. At this time, academician cardiologist Bakulev, with whom he was very friendly and who treated his father until his last day, was dying. This happened in March of sixty-seven and incredibly damaged my father’s health: he lost his appetite, he began to lose weight, and literally three months later, on June 18, he died.

They say that Alexander Nikolaevich Bakulev was involved in the “doctors’ case”?

No, he was not involved. As it turned out later, these doctors were crystal honest people. By the way, that same Timashchuk gets hit by a car for no reason.

Helped me get...

More likely. Yes, I almost forgot. My father, in Siberia, where he was sent, still froze his diseased lungs. At fifty-four. This also played a role. As I already told you, my mother went there to see him, and I stayed with my grandmother. Still, my mother was an extraordinary woman. On the one hand, she was a society lady, and on the other, you know, she did not disdain any menial work. Could do everything. And light the stove, and stand in lines, and walk several kilometers for groceries. She was her father's true friend and wife. She never let him down in anything, no matter what situation she was in, and she was by his side until his last breath. There, in Siberia, she arranged his life as best she could. And when he was in Lefortovo and Butyrka, she constantly brought him parcels and stood in lines for half a day. Well, he returned, of course, broken. I tried to write somewhere to at least reinstate him in the party. I remember these letters with pain. After all, he was a real communist, not like these today... No, nothing. They just cleared the criminal record and gave me a civil pension...

Have all the awards been confiscated?

Absolutely everything! Four orders of Lenin, Kutuzov, the Red Banner, medals, titles... All films and recordings of Stalin’s voice were taken away... And a huge number of photographs, cameras...

Many things. But they were all paid, and my mother kept all the bills. At first they were in business. And when there was a CCP commission, it turned out that all these papers, and indeed all the documents exonerating him, had disappeared from the case! Disappeared in the archives of the Central Committee. I remember he once came into the house and said: “Can you imagine, everything is gone! I can’t prove anything!”

As I remember from the case, they constantly sewed something for him in order to somehow add to the corpus delicti. But they never succeeded...

Absolutely right. Look, the “doctors’ case” – financial irregularities – has disappeared! They disappear - artist Stenberg! He is acquitted and released - an abuse of rights and powers! I still don’t know on what basis he was denied rehabilitation! No motivations or links! Deathly silence! And all the cases that were assigned to him fell apart like houses of cards! In 1984, I wrote a letter on my behalf Secretary General The Central Committee of the CPSU with a request for the rehabilitation of his father. I received an extremely laconic answer from the Military Collegium: “It is not subject to rehabilitation.” And no explanations, links to articles, nothing. So I don’t know why my father was convicted. What it is?!

Personal enemies, you told me...

Most likely, this is the case. After all, after Abakumov’s arrest, Serov came, who was his mortal enemy! Already in the sixties, my father said that during his interrogations, Serov (and at one time he was aiming for his place, but his father stood firmly on his feet then) told him straight in the eyes: “I will destroy you!” But Serov sat for a long time... Only the Penkovsky case brought him down. They said that Penkovsky was his son-in-law. And this is already the end of the sixties. And Rudenko sat tightly, and other comrades, whom he had not pleased at one time, also drowned him. After all, he always told them the truth in the face... Now get it!.. And then he once told me that this whole pack had a lot of all kinds of relatives. Okay, he provided for members of the government, but besides them, all sorts of mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law required service! They whispered everything to their high-ranking relatives.

Most likely, it resembled some kind of silent conspiracy.

Indeed. And this continues to this day. As this perestroika began, books suddenly appeared with such blatant lies about my father that my mother and I almost had our hair stand on end. Take, for example, the author of “The Privy Advisor to the Leader,” Uspensky. He described my father’s appearance in such a way that we were simply amazed: where did he get such bilious anger? Who told him all this? “Vlasik,” he gushed, “is a terrible person, this is a man who was capable of the highest meanness, of unheard-of atrocities...” This is horror - what a complete lie and what insults! That's how to kick a dead person! And then another publication in the Military Historical Journal... Mom couldn’t stand it and wrote very strong and scathing letters to the editor. She signed it: “Widow Vlasik,” and sent it off. Of course, no answer.

I should have taken it to court! After all, just when you catch them somewhere, you’ll immediately get a label: “Stalinist”, “fascist”. And mocking the dead is a favorite pastime. This breed is...

But my mother did not tolerate this and always fought back. And I also wrote to Korotich, this “human rights activist” and “democrat”. And he ran away as soon as he realized that he would have to answer for what he had done...

Now he’s decided to return; life in America isn’t too sweet for him. He regrets that he missed the robbery and was left with nothing. Well, to hell with them, these Korotiches, Radzinskys and Uspenskys! This is all a pathology from history and journalism. Please tell us how you lived without your father.

We lived poorly. My father was arrested the day after my mother’s birthday - December 16th. We took it very hard. And they didn’t even feel sorry for the confiscated sets and cameras - this can be survived. It was scary that my father’s archive was destroyed. That year I was finishing my tenth year, and we lived on some savings that my mother had. Then she went to work. I wanted to go to college, but it didn’t work out. I immediately entered the second year of the art and graphic school and graduated from it in fifty-six. She worked as a drawing and drawing teacher for two years from the fifth to the tenth grade in high school on Taganka - Bolshaya Kommunisticheskaya Street. Although I didn’t do well at school myself. Mathematics, physics and chemistry were difficult for me, but history, English and Russian were easy. In a word, a clearly expressed humanitarian bias. And I entered the institute after my father returned. He was the one who helped me. And at the institute I actually had only straight A's, and my favorite subjects were drawing, painting, history of art, history of type, history of clothing... In '59, while studying in my second year, I transferred to extramural and went to work at the Nauka publishing house. That's where I grew up. But I first entered as a secretary, then became a junior editor, after graduating from the institute, when I received a diploma as a graphic artist, I became an art editor, then a senior art editor... And in recent years I have had a special place there. In total, I worked there for thirty-six years and knew many scientists and outstanding people. And now, when I’m retired, I still work there as a graphic artist.

Yours is very interesting creative life!

Yes, I am happy with my creative destiny. I have many diplomas, even an All-Union first degree diploma, several VDNKh medals for participating in exhibitions. Personalized watches, badges: “Excellence in Printing” and “Winner of Social. competitions" and many certificates of honor. And I received my first All-Union diploma of the first degree for artistic editing of the joint Soviet-American publication “Development outer space" Several volumes of them were published here and in the USA. And when I turned sixty in 1995, the publishing house received orders to reduce staff - I volunteered to retire. And the most interesting thing is that they were not going to lay me off, because I was in very good standing. But I insisted on my own, because by this time I had registered for disability due to illness. I received a serious complication from the flu, which I suffered on my feet. Because by nature I was like my father - a workaholic. I went to work with a fever, I was still afraid that everything would become worse without me. And such terrible pain in my legs began that I even screamed and lived only on sedalgin for a week. And since then I have had coxarthrosis. Doctors say that it is not treated here, but only in America. Like, if possible, go there. Where did I get this opportunity? So you have to support yourself either with injections, massages, or pills. And the pension is small - only three hundred and fifty thousand, and I am still forced to work part-time as a graphic artist. Currently I am designing the famous series “Literary Monuments”... It’s good that I love my job.

How was your personal life?

Very hard. Due to the fact that my father was arrested and imprisoned, young people abandoned me when they found out about this. And the publishing house was even afraid. I got married late and was happy for only seven years while my beloved Pavel Evgenievich was alive. Now I am completely alone, I have no children.

How did you end up in this apartment?

I have already told you that when my father returned, we only had one room left in a five-room apartment on Gorky Street. After the death of my father, it became impossible to live there at all - other people moved in and behaved disgracefully. We changed for a long time, about seven years, and finally gave up that area for this apartment.

Please tell us about last days father's life.

My mother and I didn’t know until the last hour that he had cancer. After all, he always coughed, as long as I remember him. And when he returned from exile, Professor Egorov put him in the hospital three times for treatment. And here in last time While he was lying there, he fell ill with pneumonia. And against the background of pneumonia, his emphysema worsened again. They began to inject him, but an abscess had already begun. But for the last two years before his death, he didn’t even go outside in winter - he was terribly out of breath. Spasms of the lungs: he gasped for air and could not breathe. And then the refusal to join the CPC and the death of Bakulev - everything is one to one. He began to cough even more heavily, and he felt worse and worse. Two or three months before his death, he completely lost his appetite, he ate almost nothing and began to lose weight very quickly. And on the eighteenth of June at eight o’clock in the morning he woke up his mother and asked to call “ ambulance" And while she was driving to us for an hour, blood started coming down his throat, and then these brown clots - pieces of his lungs. He fell and died. And now it’s been thirty years since he’s been gone. Until my mother’s legs gave out, she constantly went to his grave...

Where is he buried?

In the Donskoy Monastery, where the crematorium is. There, the urns of my mother’s parents were buried in the wall. And when the father returned from exile, the parents, foreseeing their end, bought a granite stele irregular shape, installed it there, on the territory of the monastery, and transferred the ashes of my grandparents there. They made a flower garden, photographs, inscriptions and other space was left. And when my father died, his ashes were also buried there and the inscription was knocked out, and when my mother died, I buried her urn there myself. I chose her best photo, because she was very beautiful, and placed it next to my dad’s. And I left a place for myself next to my grandmother and showed my niece how to do everything...

How did mom die and what did she say?

You know, she was so lean and dry. At eighty-six years old, she went shopping on her own and looked after herself. And her memory was better than mine - no sclerosis. She was hit by a car on the street and her femur was broken. At such and such an age. But she was a strong-willed person and after a month and a half she was already walking on crutches. I brought her home. But suddenly her circulation was disrupted, and her arms and legs began to swell greatly. And then some hallucinations began. And when she became really bad, I transported her to the hospital, where she died in my arms. Having regained consciousness for a moment before the end, she said only one phrase: “What a nightmare...” And that’s all.

I left Nadezhda Nikolaevna with a full “diplomat” of photographs of her father, mother, Stalin, and members of his family. I got into the car, started the engine, but then turned the ignition switch and turned off the engine. "What a nightmare!" The words her mother said before her death could be an epigraph to the huge bricks of pseudo-essays about Stalin placed on the shelves bookstores. After all, in this shameless and arrogant mockery of one’s history there is not a word of life and not a word of truth. The narcissism of mediocre and vain graphomaniacs, genetically deprived of moral consciousness! There is no Kingdom of God within them, that’s why they kick the dead and defenseless. Let them go to hell! And it was then that I finally became convinced that at all costs it was necessary to make a normal, human, and not a devilish book about Stalin and Vlasik.

During the years of perestroika, when practically all people from Stalin’s circle were subjected to a wave of all kinds of accusations in the advanced Soviet press, the most unenviable lot fell to General Vlasik. The long-time head of Stalin's security appeared in these materials as a real lackey who adored his master, chain dog, ready to rush at anyone at his command, greedy, vengeful and selfish.

Among those who did not spare negative epithets for Vlasik was Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva. But the leader’s bodyguard at one time had to become practically the main educator for both Svetlana and Vasily.

Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik spent a quarter of a century next to Stalin, protecting the life of the Soviet leader. The leader lived without his bodyguard for less than a year.

From parochial school to the Cheka

Nikolai Vlasik was born on May 22, 1896 in Western Belarus, in the village of Bobynichi, into a poor peasant family. The boy lost his parents early and a good education I couldn't count. After three classes at the parochial school, Nikolai went to work. From the age of 13, he worked as a laborer at a construction site, then as a mason, then as a loader at a paper mill.

In March 1915, Vlasik was drafted into the army and sent to the front. During the First World War he served in the 167th Ostrog Infantry Regiment and was awarded for bravery in battle St. George's Cross. After being wounded, Vlasik was promoted to non-commissioned officer and appointed platoon commander of the 251st Infantry Regiment, which was stationed in Moscow.

During October revolution Nikolai Vlasik, who came from the very bottom, quickly decided on his political choice: together with the entrusted platoon, he went over to the side of the Bolsheviks.

At first he served in the Moscow police, then participated in Civil War, was wounded near Tsaritsyn. In September 1919, Vlasik was sent to the Cheka, where he served in the central apparatus under the command of the Felix Dzerzhinsky.

Master of Security and Household

Since May 1926, Nikolai Vlasik served as senior commissioner of the Operations Department of the OGPU.

As Vlasik himself recalled, his work as Stalin’s bodyguard began in 1927 after an emergency in the capital: a bomb was thrown at the commandant’s office building on Lubyanka. The operative, who was on vacation, was recalled and announced: from now on, he will be entrusted with the protection of the Special Department of the Cheka, the Kremlin, and members of the government at their dachas and walks. Particular attention was ordered to be paid to the personal security of Joseph Stalin.

Despite sad story assassination attempts Lenin, by 1927, the security of the top officials of the state in the USSR was not particularly thorough.

Stalin was accompanied by only one guard: a Lithuanian Yusis. Vlasik was even more surprised when they arrived at the dacha, where Stalin usually spent his weekends. There was only one commandant living at the dacha; there was no linen or dishes, and the leader ate sandwiches brought from Moscow.

Like all Belarusian peasants, Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik was a thorough and homely person. He took on not only the security, but also the arrangement of Stalin’s life.

The leader, accustomed to asceticism, was initially skeptical about the innovations of the new bodyguard. But Vlasik was persistent: a cook and a cleaner appeared at the dacha, and supplies of food were arranged from the nearest state farm. At that moment, there was not even a telephone connection with Moscow at the dacha, and it appeared through the efforts of Vlasik.

Over time, Vlasik created a whole system of dachas in the Moscow region and in the south, where well-trained staff were ready at any time to receive the Soviet leader. It is not worth mentioning that these objects were guarded in the most careful manner.

The system for protecting important government facilities existed before Vlasik, but he became the developer of security measures for the first person of the state during his trips around the country, official events, and international meetings.

Stalin's bodyguard came up with a system according to which the first person and the people accompanying him travel in a cavalcade of identical cars, and only the personal security officers know which of them the leader is traveling in. Subsequently, this scheme saved lives Leonid Brezhnev, who was assassinated in 1969.

“Illiterate, stupid, but noble”

Within a few years, Vlasik turned into an irreplaceable and especially trusted person for Stalin. After death Nadezhda Alliluyeva Stalin entrusted his bodyguard with the care of the children: Svetlana, Vasily and his adopted son Artyom Sergeev.

Nikolai Sidorovich was not a teacher, but he tried his best. If Svetlana and Artyom did not cause him much trouble, then Vasily was uncontrollable from childhood. Vlasik, knowing that Stalin did not give permission to children, tried, as far as possible, to mitigate Vasily’s sins in reports to his father.

But over the years, the “pranks” became more and more serious, and the role of “lightning rod” became more and more difficult for Vlasik to play.

Svetlana and Artyom, having become adults, wrote about their “tutor” in different ways. Stalin’s daughter in “Twenty Letters to a Friend” characterized Vlasik as follows: “He headed his father’s entire guard, considered himself almost the closest person to him and, being himself incredibly illiterate, rude, stupid, but noble, in recent years he came to the point that dictated to some artists the “tastes of Comrade Stalin”, since he believed that he knew and understood them well... His impudence knew no bounds, and he favorably conveyed to the artists whether he “liked” it, be it a film, or opera, or even the silhouettes of high-rise buildings being built at that time..."

“He had a job all his life, and he lived near Stalin”

Artyom Sergeev in “Conversations about Stalin” he expressed himself differently: “His main duty was to ensure Stalin’s safety. This work was inhuman. Always take responsibility with your head, always live at the forefront. He knew Stalin’s friends and enemies very well... What kind of work did Vlasik even have? It was day and night work, there were no 6-8 hour days. He had a job all his life and lived near Stalin. Next to Stalin’s room was Vlasik’s room...”

In ten to fifteen years, Nikolai Vlasik turned from an ordinary bodyguard into a general, heading a huge structure responsible not only for security, but also for the life of the top officials of the state.

During the war years, the evacuation of the government, members of the diplomatic corps and people's commissariats from Moscow fell on Vlasik's shoulders. It was necessary not only to deliver them to Kuibyshev, but also to accommodate them, equip them in a new place, and think through security issues. The evacuation of Lenin’s body from Moscow was also a task that Vlasik performed. He was also responsible for security at the parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941.

Assassination attempt in Gagra

For all the years that Vlasik was responsible for Stalin’s life, not a single hair fell from his head. At the same time, the head of the leader’s security, judging by his memoirs, took the threat of assassination attempt very seriously. Even in his declining years, he was sure that Trotskyist groups were preparing the assassination of Stalin.

In 1935, Vlasik really had to cover the leader from bullets. During a boat trip in the Gagra area, fire was opened on them from the shore. The bodyguard covered Stalin with his body, but both were lucky: the bullets did not hit them. The boat left the firing zone.

Vlasik considered this a real assassination attempt, and his opponents later believed that it was all a staged act. Judging by the circumstances, there was a misunderstanding. The border guards were not notified of Stalin's boat ride, and they mistook him for an intruder. The officer who ordered the shooting was subsequently sentenced to five years. But in 1937, during the “Great Terror,” they remembered him again, held another trial and shot him.

Abuse of cows

During the Great Patriotic War Vlasik was responsible for ensuring security at the conferences of the heads of countries participating in the anti-Hitler coalition and coped with his task brilliantly. For the successful holding of the conference in Tehran, Vlasik was awarded the Order of Lenin, for the Crimean conference - the Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree, for the Potsdam conference - another Order of Lenin.

But the Potsdam Conference became the reason for accusations of misappropriation of property: it was alleged that after its completion, Vlasik took various valuables from Germany, including a horse, two cows and one bull. Subsequently this fact cited as an example of the irrepressible greed of Stalin’s bodyguard.

Vlasik himself recalled that this story had a completely different background. In 1941, his native village Bobynichi was captured by the Germans. The house in which the sister lived was burned, half the village was shot, the sister’s eldest daughter was taken to work in Germany, the cow and horse were taken away. My sister and her husband joined the partisans, and after the liberation of Belarus they returned to their native village, of which little remained. Stalin's bodyguard brought cattle from Germany for his loved ones.

Was this abuse? If you approach it with strict standards, then, perhaps, yes. However, Stalin, when this case was first reported to him, abruptly ordered further investigation to be stopped.

Opal

In 1946, Lieutenant General Nikolai Vlasik became the head of the Main Directorate of Security: an agency with an annual budget of 170 million rubles and a staff of thousands.

He did not fight for power, but at the same time he made a huge number of enemies. Being too close to Stalin, Vlasik had the opportunity to influence the leader’s attitude towards this or that person, deciding who would receive wider access to the first person and who would be denied such an opportunity.

Omnipotent chapter Soviet intelligence services Lavrenty Beria I passionately wanted to get rid of Vlasik. Incriminating evidence on Stalin's bodyguard was collected scrupulously, bit by bit eroding the leader's trust in him.

In 1948, the commandant of the so-called “Near Dacha” Fedoseev was arrested, who testified that Vlasik intended to poison Stalin. But the leader again did not take this accusation seriously: if the bodyguard had such intentions, he could have realized his plans a long time ago.

In 1952, by decision of the Politburo, a commission was created to verify the activities of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR. This time, extremely unpleasant facts have surfaced that look quite plausible. The guards and staff of the special dachas, which had been empty for weeks, staged real orgies there and stole food and expensive drinks. Later, there were witnesses who assured that Vlasik himself was not averse to relaxing in this way.

On April 29, 1952, on the basis of these materials, Nikolai Vlasik was removed from his post and sent to the Urals, to the city of Asbest, as deputy head of the Bazhenov forced labor camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

“He cohabited with women and drank alcohol in his free time”

Why did Stalin suddenly abandon a man who had honestly served him for 25 years? Perhaps the leader’s growing suspicion in recent years was to blame. It is possible that Stalin considered the waste of state funds on drunken revelry to be too serious a sin. There is a third assumption. It is known that during this period the Soviet leader began to promote young leaders, and openly said to his former comrades: “It’s time to change you.” Perhaps Stalin felt that the time had come to replace Vlasik too.

Be that as it may, very difficult times have come for the former head of Stalin’s guard.

In December 1952, he was arrested in connection with the Doctors' Case. He was charged with the fact that the statements Lydia Timashuk, who accused the professors who treated the top officials of the state of sabotage, he ignored.

Vlasik himself wrote in his memoirs that there was no reason to believe Timashuk: “There was no data discrediting the professors, which I reported to Stalin.”

In prison, Vlasik was interrogated with passion for several months. For a man who was well over 50, the disgraced bodyguard was stoic. I was ready to admit “moral corruption” and even waste of funds, but not conspiracy and espionage. “I really cohabited with many women, drank alcohol with them and the artist Stenberg, but all this happened at the expense of my personal health and in my free time from service,” was his testimony.

Could Vlasik extend the life of the leader?

On March 5, 1953, Joseph Stalin passed away. Even if we discard the dubious version of the murder of the leader, Vlasik, if he had remained in his post, could well have extended his life. When the leader became ill at the Nizhny Dacha, he lay for several hours on the floor of his room without help: the guards did not dare to enter Stalin’s chambers. There is no doubt that Vlasik would not allow this.

After the death of the leader, the “doctors’ case” was closed. All of his defendants were released, except Nikolai Vlasik. The collapse of Lavrentiy Beria in June 1953 did not bring him freedom either.

In January 1955, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR found Nikolai Vlasik guilty of abuse of official position under especially aggravating circumstances, sentencing him under Art. 193-17 paragraph “b” of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to 10 years of exile, deprivation of the rank of general and state awards. In March 1955, Vlasik’s sentence was reduced to 5 years. He was sent to Krasnoyarsk to serve his sentence.

By a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated December 15, 1956, Vlasik was pardoned with his criminal record expunged, but military rank and the awards were not restored.

“Not for a single minute did I have any grudge against Stalin in my soul.”

He returned to Moscow, where he had almost nothing left: his property was confiscated, a separate apartment was turned into a communal one. Vlasik knocked on doors of offices, wrote to the leaders of the party and government, asked for rehabilitation and reinstatement in the party, but was refused everywhere.

Secretly, he began to dictate memoirs in which he talked about how he saw his life, why he committed certain actions, and how he treated Stalin.

“After Stalin’s death, such an expression as “cult of personality” appeared... If a person - a leader by his deeds deserves the love and respect of others, what’s wrong with that... The people loved and respected Stalin. “He personified the country that he led to prosperity and victories,” wrote Nikolai Vlasik. “Under his leadership, a lot of good things were done, and the people saw it.” He enjoyed enormous authority. I knew him very closely... And I claim that he lived only in the interests of the country, the interests of his people.”

“It is easy to accuse a person of all mortal sins when he is dead and can neither justify himself nor defend himself. Why did no one dare to point out his mistakes during his lifetime? What was stopping you? Fear? Or were there no errors that needed to be pointed out?

What a threat he was Tsar Ivan IV, but there were people who cared about their homeland, who, without fear of death, pointed out to him his mistakes. Or transferred to Rus' brave people? - this is what Stalin’s bodyguard thought.

Summing up his memoirs and his life in general, Vlasik wrote: “Having not a single penalty, but only incentives and awards, I was expelled from the party and thrown into prison.

But never, not for a single minute, no matter what state I was in, no matter what bullying I was subjected to while in prison, I had no anger in my soul against Stalin. I understood perfectly well what kind of situation was created around him in the last years of his life. How difficult it was for him. He was an old, sick, lonely man... He was and remains the most dear person to me, and no slander can shake the feeling of love and deepest respect that I always had for him wonderful person. He personified for me everything bright and dear in my life - the party, my homeland and my people.”

Posthumously rehabilitated

Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik died on June 18, 1967. His archive was seized and classified. Only in 2011, the Federal Security Service declassified the notes of the person who, in fact, was at the origins of its creation.

Vlasik’s relatives have repeatedly made attempts to achieve his rehabilitation. After several refusals, on June 28, 2000, by a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of Russia, the 1955 sentence was overturned and the criminal case was dismissed “for lack of corpus delicti.”

Bodyguard of Stalin. True story Nikolai Vlasik

During the years of perestroika, when practically all people from Stalin’s circle were subjected to a wave of all kinds of accusations in the advanced Soviet press, the most unenviable lot fell to General Vlasik. The long-time head of Stalin's security appeared in these materials as a real lackey who adored his master, a chain dog, ready to rush at anyone at his command, greedy, vindictive and self-interested.

Among those who did not spare Vlasik negative epithets was Stalin’s daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva. But the leader’s bodyguard at one time had to become practically the main educator for both Svetlana and Vasily. Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik spent a quarter of a century next to Stalin, protecting the life of the Soviet leader. The leader lived without his bodyguard for less than a year.

From parochial school to the Cheka

Nikolai Vlasik was born on May 22, 1896 in Western Belarus, in the village Bobynichi, in a poor peasant family. The boy lost his parents early and could not count on a good education. After three classes at the parochial school, Nikolai went to work. From the age of 13, he worked as a laborer at a construction site, then as a bricklayer, then as a loader at a paper mill.

In March 1915, Vlasik was drafted into the army and sent to the front. During the First World War, he served in the 167th Ostrog Infantry Regiment and was awarded the St. George Cross for bravery in battle. After being wounded, Vlasik was promoted to non-commissioned officer and appointed platoon commander of the 251st Infantry Regiment, which was stationed in Moscow.

During the October Revolution, Nikolai Vlasik, who came from the very bottom, quickly decided on his political choice: together with the entrusted platoon, he went over to the side of the Bolsheviks. At first he served in the Moscow police, then he participated in the Civil War, and was wounded near Tsaritsyn. In September 1919, Vlasik was sent to the Cheka, where he served in the central apparatus under the command of the Felix Dzerzhinsky.

Master of Security and Household

Since May 1926, Nikolai Vlasik served as senior commissioner of the Operations Department of the OGPU. As Vlasik himself recalled, his work as Stalin’s bodyguard began in 1927 after an emergency in the capital: a bomb was thrown at the commandant’s office building on Lubyanka. The operative, who was on vacation, was recalled and announced: from now on, he will be entrusted with the protection of the Special Department of the Cheka, the Kremlin, and members of the government at their dachas and walks. Particular attention was ordered to be paid to the personal security of Joseph Stalin.

Despite the sad story of the assassination attempt on Lenin, by 1927 the security of the top officials of the state in the USSR was not particularly thorough. Stalin was accompanied by only one guard: a Lithuanian Yusis. Vlasik was even more surprised when they arrived at the dacha, where Stalin usually spent his weekends. There was only one commandant living at the dacha; there was no linen or dishes, and the leader ate sandwiches brought from Moscow.

Like all Belarusian peasants, Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik was a thorough and homely person. He took on not only the security, but also the arrangement of Stalin’s life. The leader, accustomed to asceticism, was initially skeptical about the innovations of the new bodyguard. But Vlasik was persistent: a cook and a cleaner appeared at the dacha, and supplies of food were arranged from the nearest state farm. At that moment, there was not even a telephone connection with Moscow at the dacha, and it appeared through the efforts of Vlasik.

Over time, Vlasik created a whole system of dachas in the Moscow region and in the south, where well-trained staff were ready at any time to receive the Soviet leader. It is not worth mentioning that these objects were guarded in the most careful manner. The system for protecting important government facilities existed before Vlasik, but he became the developer of security measures for the first person of the state during his trips around the country, official events, and international meetings.

Stalin's bodyguard came up with a system according to which the first person and the people accompanying him travel in a cavalcade of identical cars, and only the personal security officers know which of them the leader is traveling in. Subsequently, this scheme saved lives Leonid Brezhnev, who was assassinated in 1969.

An irreplaceable and especially trusted person

Within a few years, Vlasik turned into an irreplaceable and especially trusted person for Stalin. After death Nadezhda Alliluyeva Stalin entrusted his bodyguard with taking care of the children: Svetlana, Vasily and adopted son Artyom Sergeev. Nikolai Sidorovich was not a teacher, but he tried his best. If Svetlana and Artyom did not cause him much trouble, then Vasily was uncontrollable from childhood. Vlasik, knowing that Stalin did not give permission to children, tried, as far as possible, to mitigate Vasily’s sins in reports to his father. But over the years, the “pranks” became more and more serious, and the role of “lightning rod” became more and more difficult for Vlasik to play.

Svetlana and Artyom, having become adults, wrote about their “tutor” in different ways. Stalin’s daughter in “Twenty Letters to a Friend” characterized Vlasik as follows: “ He headed all his father’s guards, considered himself almost the closest person to him, being himself incredibly illiterate, rude, stupid, but noble...»

“He had a job all his life, and he lived near Stalin”

Artyom Sergeev in “Conversations about Stalin” expressed himself differently: “ His main responsibility was to ensure Stalin's safety. This work was inhuman. Always take responsibility with your head, always live at the forefront. He knew Stalin’s friends and enemies very well... What kind of work did Vlasik even have? It was a day and night job, there were no 6-8 hour days. He had a job all his life and lived near Stalin. Next to Stalin’s room was Vlasik’s room...»

In ten to fifteen years, Nikolai Vlasik turned from an ordinary bodyguard into a general, heading a huge structure responsible not only for security, but also for the life of the top officials of the state. During the war years, the evacuation of the government, members of the diplomatic corps and people's commissariats from Moscow fell on Vlasik's shoulders. It was necessary not only to deliver them to Kuibyshev, but also to accommodate them, equip them in a new place, and think through security issues. The evacuation of Lenin's body from Moscow was also a task that Vlasik performed. He was also responsible for security at the parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941.

Assassination attempt in Gagra

For all the years that Vlasik was responsible for Stalin’s life, not a single hair fell from his head. At the same time, the head of the leader’s security, judging by his memoirs, took the threat of assassination attempt very seriously. Even in his declining years, he was sure that Trotskyist groups were preparing the assassination of Stalin.

In 1935, Vlasik really had to cover the leader from bullets. During a boat trip in the Gagra area, fire was opened on them from the shore. The bodyguard covered Stalin with his body, but both were lucky: the bullets did not hit them. The boat left the firing zone. Vlasik considered this a real assassination attempt, and his opponents later believed that it was all a staged act. Judging by the circumstances, there was a misunderstanding. The border guards were not notified of Stalin's boat ride, and they mistook him for an intruder.

Abuse of cows?

During the Great Patriotic War, Vlasik was responsible for ensuring security at conferences of the heads of countries participating in the anti-Hitler coalition and coped with his task brilliantly. For the successful implementation conference in Tehran Vlasik was awarded the Order of Lenin for Crimean conference- Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree, for Potsdam- another Order of Lenin. But the Potsdam Conference became the reason for accusations of embezzlement of property: it was alleged that after its completion, Vlasik took various valuables from Germany, including a horse, two cows and one bull. Subsequently, this fact was cited as an example of the irrepressible greed of Stalin’s bodyguard.

Vlasik himself recalled that this story had a completely different background. In 1941, his native village Bobynichi was captured by the Germans. The house in which the sister lived was burned, half the village was shot, the sister’s eldest daughter was taken to work in Germany, the cow and horse were taken away. My sister and her husband joined the partisans, and after the liberation of Belarus they returned to their native village, of which little remained. Stalin's bodyguard brought cattle from Germany for his loved ones. Was this abuse? If you approach it with strict standards, then, perhaps, yes. However, Stalin, when this case was first reported to him, abruptly ordered further investigation to be stopped.

Opal

In 1946, Lieutenant General Nikolai Vlasik became the head of the Main Directorate of Security: an agency with an annual budget of 170 million rubles and a staff of thousands. He did not fight for power, but at the same time he made a huge number of enemies. Being too close to Stalin, Vlasik had the opportunity to influence the leader’s attitude towards this or that person, deciding who would receive wider access to the first person and who would be denied such an opportunity. Many high-ranking officials from the country's leadership passionately wanted to get rid of Vlasik. Incriminating evidence on Stalin's bodyguard was collected scrupulously, bit by bit eroding the leader's trust in him.

In 1948, the commandant of the so-called “Near Dacha” was arrested. Fedoseev, who testified that Vlasik intended to poison Stalin. But the leader again did not take this accusation seriously: if the bodyguard had such intentions, he could have realized his plans a long time ago.

In 1952, by decision of the Politburo, a commission was created to verify the activities of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR. This time, extremely unpleasant facts have surfaced that look quite plausible. The guards and staff of the special dachas, which had been empty for weeks, staged real orgies there and stole food and expensive drinks. Later, there were witnesses who assured that Vlasik himself was not averse to relaxing in this way.

On April 29, 1952, based on these materials, Nikolai Vlasik was removed from his post and sent to the Urals, to the city Asbestos, deputy chief Bazhenovsky forced labor camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

“He cohabited with women and drank alcohol in his free time”

Why did Stalin suddenly abandon a man who had honestly served him for 25 years? Perhaps the leader’s growing suspicion in recent years was to blame. It is possible that Stalin considered the waste of state funds on drunken revelry to be too serious a sin. There is a third assumption. It is known that during this period the Soviet leader began to promote young leaders, and openly said to his former comrades: “It’s time to change you.” Perhaps Stalin felt that the time had come to replace Vlasik too. Be that as it may, very difficult times have come for the former head of Stalin’s guard.

In December 1952, he was arrested in connection with the Doctors' Case. He was charged with the fact that the statements Lydia Timashuk, who accused the professors who treated the top officials of the state of sabotage, he ignored. Vlasik himself wrote in his memoirs that there was no reason to believe Timashuk did not have: " There was no information discrediting the professors, which I reported to Stalin».

In prison, Vlasik was interrogated with passion for several months. For a man who was well over 50, the disgraced bodyguard was stoic. I was ready to admit “moral corruption” and even waste of funds, but not conspiracy and espionage. " I actually cohabited with many women, drank alcohol with them and the artist Stenberg, but all this happened at the expense of my personal health and in my free time from service“- this was his testimony.

Could Vlasik extend the life of the leader?

On March 5, 1953, Joseph Stalin passed away. Even if we discard the dubious version of the murder of the leader, Vlasik, if he had remained in his post, could well have extended his life. When the leader became ill at the Nizhny Dacha, he lay for several hours on the floor of his room without help: the guards did not dare to enter Stalin’s chambers. There is no doubt that Vlasik would not allow this.

After the death of the leader "The Doctors' Case" closed. All of his defendants were released, except Nikolai Vlasik. Collapse did not bring him freedom Lavrentiy Beria in June 1953. In January 1955, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR found Nikolai Vlasik guilty of abuse of official position under especially aggravating circumstances, sentencing him under Art. 193-17 paragraph “b” of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to 10 years of exile, deprivation of the rank of general and state awards. In March 1955, Vlasik’s sentence was reduced to 5 years. He was sent to Krasnoyarsk to serve his sentence. By a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 15, 1956, Vlasik was pardoned and his criminal record was expunged, but his military rank and awards were not restored.

“Not for a single minute did I have any grudge against Stalin in my soul.”

He returned to Moscow, where he had almost nothing left: his property was confiscated, a separate apartment was turned into a communal one. Vlasik knocked on doors of offices, wrote to the leaders of the party and government, asked for rehabilitation and reinstatement in the party, but was refused everywhere. Secretly, he began to dictate memoirs in which he talked about how he saw his life, why he committed certain actions, and how he treated Stalin.

« After the death of Stalin, such an expression as “cult of personality” appeared... If a person - a leader by his deeds deserves the love and respect of others, what’s wrong with that... The people loved and respected Stalin. He personified the country, which he led to prosperity and victories, wrote Nikolai Vlasik. “Under his leadership, a lot of good things were done, and the people saw it.” He enjoyed enormous authority. I knew him very closely... And I claim that he lived only in the interests of the country, the interests of his people » .

« It is easy to accuse a person of all mortal sins when he is dead and can neither justify himself nor defend himself. Why did no one dare to point out his mistakes during his lifetime? What was stopping you? Fear? Or were there no errors that needed to be pointed out? What a threat Tsar Ivan IV was, but there were people to whom their homeland was dear, who, without fear of death, pointed out to him his mistakes. Or have brave people disappeared from Rus'?“- this is what Stalin’s bodyguard thought.

Summing up his memoirs and his life in general, Vlasik wrote: “Having not a single penalty, but only incentives and rewards, I was expelled from the party and thrown into prison. But never, not for a single minute, no matter what state I was in, no matter what bullying I was subjected to while in prison, I had no anger in my soul against Stalin. I understood perfectly well what kind of situation was created around him in the last years of his life. How difficult it was for him. He was an old, sick, lonely man... He was and remains the most dear person to me, and no slander can shake the feeling of love and deepest respect that I have always had for this wonderful man. He personified for me everything bright and dear in my life - the party, my homeland and my people.”

Posthumously rehabilitated

Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik died on June 18, 1967. His archive was seized and classified. Only in 2011, the Federal Security Service declassified the notes of the person who, in fact, was at the origins of its creation. Vlasik’s relatives have repeatedly made attempts to achieve his rehabilitation. After several refusals, on June 28, 2000, by a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of Russia, the 1955 sentence was overturned and the criminal case was dismissed “for lack of corpus delicti.”

Nikolay Vlasik

More details and a variety of information about events taking place in Russia, Ukraine and other countries of our beautiful planet can be obtained at Internet Conferences, constantly held on the website “Keys of Knowledge”. All Conferences are open and completely free. We invite everyone who wakes up and is interested...

During the years of perestroika, when practically all people from Stalin’s circle were subjected to a wave of all kinds of accusations in the advanced Soviet press, the most unenviable lot fell to General Vlasik. The long-time head of Stalin’s security appeared in these materials as a real lackey who adored his master, a chain dog, ready to rush at anyone at his command, greedy, vengeful and selfish...

Among those who did not spare Vlasik negative epithets was Stalin’s daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva. But the leader’s bodyguard at one time had to become practically the main educator for both Svetlana and Vasily.

Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik spent a quarter of a century next to Stalin, protecting the life of the Soviet leader. The leader lived without his bodyguard for less than a year.

From parochial school to the Cheka

Nikolai Vlasik was born on May 22, 1896 in Western Belarus, in the village of Bobynichi, into a poor peasant family. The boy lost his parents early and could not count on a good education. After three classes at the parochial school, Nikolai went to work. From the age of 13, he worked as a laborer at a construction site, then as a mason, then as a loader at a paper mill.

In March 1915, Vlasik was drafted into the army and sent to the front. During the First World War, he served in the 167th Ostrog Infantry Regiment and was awarded the St. George Cross for bravery in battle. After being wounded, Vlasik was promoted to non-commissioned officer and appointed platoon commander of the 251st Infantry Regiment, which was stationed in Moscow.

During the October Revolution, Nikolai Vlasik, who came from the very bottom, quickly decided on his political choice: together with the entrusted platoon, he went over to the side of the Bolsheviks.

At first he served in the Moscow police, then he participated in the Civil War, and was wounded near Tsaritsyn. In September 1919, Vlasik was sent to the Cheka, where he served in the central apparatus under the command of Felix Dzerzhinsky himself.

Master of Security and Household

Since May 1926, Nikolai Vlasik served as senior commissioner of the Operations Department of the OGPU.

As Vlasik himself recalled, his work as Stalin’s bodyguard began in 1927 after an emergency in the capital: a bomb was thrown at the commandant’s office building on Lubyanka. The operative, who was on vacation, was recalled and announced: from now on, he will be entrusted with the protection of the Special Department of the Cheka, the Kremlin, and members of the government at their dachas and walks. Particular attention was ordered to be paid to the personal security of Joseph Stalin.

Despite the sad story of the assassination attempt on Lenin, by 1927 the security of the top officials of the state in the USSR was not particularly thorough.

Stalin was accompanied by only one guard: the Lithuanian Yusis. Vlasik was even more surprised when they arrived at the dacha, where Stalin usually spent his weekends. There was only one commandant living at the dacha; there was no linen or dishes, and the leader ate sandwiches brought from Moscow.

Like all Belarusian peasants, Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik was a thorough and homely person. He took on not only the security, but also the arrangement of Stalin’s life.

The leader, accustomed to asceticism, was initially skeptical about the innovations of the new bodyguard. But Vlasik was persistent: a cook and a cleaner appeared at the dacha, and supplies of food were arranged from the nearest state farm. At that moment, there was not even a telephone connection with Moscow at the dacha, and it appeared through the efforts of Vlasik.

Over time, Vlasik created a whole system of dachas in the Moscow region and in the south, where well-trained staff were ready at any time to receive the Soviet leader. It is not worth mentioning that these objects were guarded in the most careful manner.

The system for protecting important government facilities existed before Vlasik, but he became the developer of security measures for the first person of the state during his trips around the country, official events, and international meetings.

Stalin's bodyguard came up with a system according to which the first person and the people accompanying him travel in a cavalcade of identical cars, and only the personal security officers know which of them the leader is traveling in. Subsequently, this scheme saved the life of Leonid Brezhnev, who was assassinated in 1969.

“Illiterate, stupid, but noble”

Within a few years, Vlasik turned into an irreplaceable and especially trusted person for Stalin. After the death of Nadezhda Alliluyeva, Stalin entrusted his bodyguard with caring for the children: Svetlana, Vasily and his adopted son Artyom Sergeev.

Nikolai Sidorovich was not a teacher, but he tried his best. If Svetlana and Artyom did not cause him much trouble, then Vasily was uncontrollable from childhood. Vlasik, knowing that Stalin did not give permission to children, tried, as far as possible, to mitigate Vasily’s sins in reports to his father.

Nikolai Vlasik with Stalin's children: Svetlana, Vasily and Yakov.

But over the years, the “pranks” became more and more serious, and the role of “lightning rod” became more and more difficult for Vlasik to play.

Svetlana and Artyom, having become adults, wrote about their “tutor” in different ways. Stalin’s daughter in “Twenty Letters to a Friend” characterized Vlasik as follows:

“He headed his father’s entire guard, considered himself almost the closest person to him, and, being himself incredibly illiterate, rude, stupid, but noble, in recent years he went so far as to dictate to some artists the “tastes of Comrade Stalin,” since believed that he knew and understood them well...

His impudence knew no bounds, and he favorably conveyed to artists whether he “liked” it himself, be it a film, or an opera, or even the silhouettes of high-rise buildings that were being built at that time...”

“He had a job all his life, and he lived near Stalin”

Artyom Sergeev in “Conversations about Stalin” expressed himself differently:

« His main responsibility was to ensure Stalin's safety. This work was inhuman. Always take responsibility with your head, always live at the forefront. He knew both Stalin's friends and enemies very well...

What kind of work did Vlasik even have? It was a day and night job, there were no 6-8 hour days. He had a job all his life and lived near Stalin. Next to Stalin’s room was Vlasik’s room...”

In ten to fifteen years, Nikolai Vlasik turned from an ordinary bodyguard into a general, heading a huge structure responsible not only for security, but also for the life of the top officials of the state.

N. S. Vlasik with I. V. Stalin and his son Vasily. Near dacha in Volynskoe, 1935.

During the war years, the evacuation of the government, members of the diplomatic corps and people's commissariats from Moscow fell on Vlasik's shoulders. It was necessary not only to deliver them to Kuibyshev, but also to accommodate them, equip them in a new place, and think through security issues.

The evacuation of Lenin’s body from Moscow was also a task that Vlasik performed. He was also responsible for security at the parade on Red Square on November 7, 1941.

Assassination attempt in Gagra

For all the years that Vlasik was responsible for Stalin’s life, not a single hair fell from his head. At the same time, the head of the leader’s security, judging by his memoirs, took the threat of assassination attempt very seriously. Even in his declining years, he was sure that Trotskyist groups were preparing the assassination of Stalin.

In 1935, Vlasik really had to cover the leader from bullets. During a boat trip in the Gagra area, fire was opened on them from the shore. The bodyguard covered Stalin with his body, but both were lucky: the bullets did not hit them. The boat left the firing zone.

Vlasik considered this a real assassination attempt, and his opponents later believed that it was all a staged act. Judging by the circumstances, there was a misunderstanding. The border guards were not notified of Stalin's boat ride, and they mistook him for an intruder. The officer who ordered the shooting was subsequently sentenced to five years. But in 1937, during the “Great Terror,” they remembered him again, held another trial and shot him.

Abuse of cows

During the Great Patriotic War, Vlasik was responsible for ensuring security at conferences of the heads of countries participating in the anti-Hitler coalition and coped with his task brilliantly. For the successful holding of the conference in Tehran, Vlasik was awarded the Order of Lenin, for the Crimean conference - the Order of Kutuzov, 1st degree, for the Potsdam conference - another Order of Lenin.

But the Potsdam Conference became the reason for accusations of embezzlement of property: it was alleged that after its completion, Vlasik took various valuables from Germany, including a horse, two cows and one bull. Subsequently, this fact was cited as an example of the irrepressible greed of Stalin’s bodyguard.

Vlasik himself recalled that this story had a completely different background. In 1941, his native village Bobynichi was captured by the Germans. The house in which the sister lived was burned, half the village was shot, the sister’s eldest daughter was taken to work in Germany, the cow and horse were taken away.

My sister and her husband joined the partisans, and after the liberation of Belarus they returned to their native village, of which little remained. Stalin's bodyguard brought cattle from Germany for his loved ones.

Was this abuse? If you approach it with strict standards, then, perhaps, yes. However, Stalin, when this case was first reported to him, abruptly ordered further investigation to be stopped.

Opal

In 1946, Lieutenant General Nikolai Vlasik became the head of the Main Directorate of Security: an agency with an annual budget of 170 million rubles and a staff of thousands.

He did not fight for power, but at the same time he made a huge number of enemies. Being too close to Stalin, Vlasik had the opportunity to influence the leader’s attitude towards this or that person, deciding who would receive wider access to the first person and who would be denied such an opportunity.

The all-powerful head of the Soviet intelligence services, Lavrentiy Beria, passionately wanted to get rid of Vlasik. Incriminating evidence on Stalin's bodyguard was collected scrupulously, bit by bit eroding the leader's trust in him.

In 1948, the commandant of the so-called “Near Dacha” Fedoseev was arrested, who testified that Vlasik intended to poison Stalin. But the leader again did not take this accusation seriously: if the bodyguard had such intentions, he could have realized his plans a long time ago.

Vlasik in the office.

In 1952, by decision of the Politburo, a commission was created to verify the activities of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR. This time, extremely unpleasant facts have surfaced that look quite plausible. The guards and staff of the special dachas, which had been empty for weeks, staged real orgies there and stole food and expensive drinks. Later, there were witnesses who assured that Vlasik himself was not averse to relaxing in this way.

On April 29, 1952, on the basis of these materials, Nikolai Vlasik was removed from his post and sent to the Urals, to the city of Asbest, as deputy head of the Bazhenov forced labor camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs.

“He cohabited with women and drank alcohol in his free time”

Why did Stalin suddenly abandon a man who had honestly served him for 25 years? Perhaps the leader’s growing suspicion in recent years was to blame. It is possible that Stalin considered the waste of state funds on drunken revelry to be too serious a sin. There is a third assumption. It is known that during this period the Soviet leader began to promote young leaders, and openly said to his former comrades: “It’s time to change you.” Perhaps Stalin felt that the time had come to replace Vlasik too.

Be that as it may, very difficult times have come for the former head of Stalin’s guard...

In December 1952, he was arrested in connection with the Doctors' Case. He was blamed for the fact that he ignored the statements of Lydia Timashuk, who accused the professors who treated the top officials of the state of sabotage.

Vlasik himself wrote in his memoirs that there was no reason to believe Timashuk: “There was no data discrediting the professors, which I reported to Stalin.”

In prison, Vlasik was interrogated with passion for several months. For a man who was well over 50, the disgraced bodyguard was stoic. I was ready to admit “moral corruption” and even waste of funds, but not conspiracy and espionage.

“I really cohabited with many women, drank alcohol with them and the artist Stenberg, but all this happened at the expense of my personal health and in my free time from work“- this was his testimony.

Could Vlasik extend the life of the leader?

On March 5, 1953, Joseph Stalin passed away. Even if we discard the dubious version of the murder of the leader, Vlasik, if he had remained in his post, could well have extended his life. When the leader became ill at the Nizhny Dacha, he lay for several hours on the floor of his room without help: the guards did not dare to enter Stalin’s chambers. There is no doubt that Vlasik would not allow this.

After the death of the leader, the “doctors’ case” was closed. All of his defendants were released, except Nikolai Vlasik. The collapse of Lavrentiy Beria in June 1953 did not bring him freedom either.

In January 1955, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR found Nikolai Vlasik guilty of abuse of official position under especially aggravating circumstances, sentencing him under Art. 193-17 paragraph “b” of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR to 10 years of exile, deprivation of the rank of general and state awards. In March 1955, Vlasik’s sentence was reduced to 5 years. He was sent to Krasnoyarsk to serve his sentence.

By a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 15, 1956, Vlasik was pardoned and his criminal record was expunged, but his military rank and awards were not restored.

“Not for a single minute did I have any grudge against Stalin in my soul.”

He returned to Moscow, where he had almost nothing left: his property was confiscated, a separate apartment was turned into a communal one. Vlasik knocked on doors of offices, wrote to the leaders of the party and government, asked for rehabilitation and reinstatement in the party, but was refused everywhere.

Secretly, he began to dictate memoirs in which he talked about how he saw his life, why he committed certain actions, and how he treated Stalin.

“After Stalin’s death, such an expression as “cult of personality” appeared... If a person - a leader by his deeds deserves the love and respect of others, what’s wrong with that... The people loved and respected Stalin. “He personified the country that he led to prosperity and victories,” wrote Nikolai Vlasik. “Under his leadership, a lot of good things were done, and the people saw it.” He enjoyed enormous authority. I knew him very closely... And I claim that he lived only in the interests of the country, the interests of his people.”

“It is easy to accuse a person of all mortal sins when he is dead and can neither justify himself nor defend himself. Why did no one dare to point out his mistakes during his lifetime? What was stopping you? Fear? Or were there no errors that needed to be pointed out?

What a threat Tsar Ivan IV was, but there were people to whom their homeland was dear, who, without fear of death, pointed out to him his mistakes. Or have there been no brave people in Rus'? - this is what Stalin’s bodyguard thought.

Summing up his memoirs and his life in general, Vlasik wrote: “Having not a single penalty, but only incentives and awards, I was expelled from the party and thrown into prison.

But never, not for a single minute, no matter what state I was in, no matter what bullying I was subjected to while in prison, I had no anger in my soul against Stalin. I understood perfectly well what kind of situation was created around him in the last years of his life. How difficult it was for him. He was an old, sick, lonely man... He was and remains the most dear person to me, and no slander can shake the feeling of love and deepest respect that I have always had for this wonderful man. He personified for me everything bright and dear in my life - the party, my homeland and my people.”

Posthumously rehabilitated

Nikolai Sidorovich Vlasik died on June 18, 1967. His archive was seized and classified. Only in 2011, the Federal Security Service declassified the notes of the person who, in fact, was at the origins of its creation.

Vlasik’s relatives have repeatedly made attempts to achieve his rehabilitation. After several refusals, on June 28, 2000, by a resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of Russia, the 1955 sentence was overturned and the criminal case was dismissed “for lack of corpus delicti.”

Nikolai Vlasik was born into a family of very poor Belarusian peasants on May 22, 1886. In the village of Bobynichi, where his parents lived, he studied at a parochial school, this was his only education.

Vlasik’s work biography begins at the age of 13, when the boy went to work as a laborer for a landowner, then became a railroad navvy worker. The last place of work before being drafted into the army was the Yekaterinoslav paper factory.

Military service

In 1915 he became an infantryman. Walked First World War, the young man showed courage in battles, for which he was awarded the Cross of St. George. However, already during the October Revolution, he, like his entire platoon, sided with the revolutionaries.

He served in the Moscow police, in 1918 he returned to the army and continued to fight.

The young man showed himself well and already in 1919 he entered the service under the direct command of Felix Dzherzhinsky himself. At first he was an ordinary employee of the special department, then he headed it.

Head of Stalin's security

The biography of Stalin's security guard Vlasik Nikolai Sidorovich took a turn in 1927, when he headed the Kremlin's special security forces. The official name of his position was constantly changing, but in fact he had been guarding the most important person in the state for all 25 years.

Remaining in the shadow of the leader, he ensured his safety 24 hours a day (even lived in the room next to him), always lived on the cutting edge and answered with his head literally for his every action. At the same time, he performed duties not only as the head of the security - he organized the food and life of the entire leader’s family. If Stalin himself or one of his children or wife went to the dacha, Vlasik personally checked those who worked there.

One of the most famous incidents in his work was the assassination attempt in 1935, when Stalin's boat was fired upon by border guards during a boat trip. Then the head of the border services, Lavrov, claimed that they acted strictly according to instructions, but he was still tried and sentenced to death.

Personal life

Despite being very busy, the general was still married to Maria Semnovna Vlasik (maiden name unknown). They did not have their own children; the couple raised their adopted daughter Nadya.

Arrest and exile

With gratitude for the fact that Nikolai Vlasik devoted a quarter of a century of his life to serving Stalin, he was removed from work, all his awards were taken away and he was sent into exile.

The general was accused of allowing unreliable persons to approach Stalin. However, already in 1953, a year after the guilty verdict, this charge was dropped, but another was added - theft of socialist property - he took livestock and valuables from Germany.

He is also believed to have links to British spy Vladimir Stenberg.

Finally, the final charge was brought against him in 1955 - then Nikolai Vlasik was sentenced to 10 years of correctional labor in Krasnoyarsk for abuse of official position. After the announcement of the amnesty, the term was halved, but he was released from prison in 1956, having cleared his criminal record.

Death and rehabilitation

Stalin's bodyguard died on June 18, 1967 in his apartment from complications caused by lung cancer.

In 2000, he was posthumously rehabilitated, all awards and titles were returned, and the medals were returned to his adopted daughter Nadezhda Nikolaevna in 2001.

Biography test

Biography score

New feature!