What does the fairy tale "Frost" teach? Russian folk tale "Morozko" What proverbs show the idea in the fairy tale Morozko

Analysis of the Russian folk tale Morozko

A fairy tale known to us from childhood “ Morozko” – Russian folk fairy tale. It is considered a New Year's, Christmas, or simply winter's tale. The plot of the fairy tale “Morozko” is a variation on the theme of an innocently persecuted positive hero (stepdaughter), who comes to the rescue of a wonderful assistant ( Morozko) and rewards the hero for meekness, humility, kindness and hard work.

The Russian fairy tale “Morozko” is included in the school literature curriculum due to its obvious educational and moralizing orientation. The main characters of the fairy tale “Morozko” are clearly divided by child readers into positive and negative. The main idea of the tale- reward according to deeds, triumph of justice (humility and gentleness will be rewarded, and pride and anger will be punished) - easily read by students.

Characters of the fairy tale Morozko”

The main character of the fairy tale is the stepdaughter, a hardworking, helpful and meek girl - a “socially disadvantaged character” in the stepmother’s house: “Everyone knows how to live with a stepmother: if you turn over, you’ll get a bat and if you don’t turn over, you’ll get a bat...” The stepdaughter did all the housework, but never was able to please the evil, cruel stepmother.

According to the canon of fairy tales, the heroine leaves home before finding her happiness. The reason is that the hero-saboteur (stepmother) drives her out: “So the stepmother came up with the idea to drive her stepdaughter away from the world. “Take her, take her, old man,” he says to her husband, “where you want my eyes not to see her!” Take her to the forest, into the bitter cold.”

The stepdaughter's character is so meek that she does not argue or resist when her own father leaves her in the cold winter forest. And she behaves just as meekly when main character fairy tales - Morozko - tests her character, increasing and intensifying the frost. The girl’s answers are friendly, despite the bitter cold. For this, Morozko takes pity on the girl and generously gifts her. Wealth as a reward is a characteristic device of folk tales.

The stepmother, domineering, envious and greedy, seeing her stepdaughter unharmed and with rich gifts, orders the old man to take her own daughter (the anti-heroine) to the same place in the forest. The main reason for such envy is clear from the words of the dog: “An old man’s daughter is in gold, they bring him in silver, but they don’t marry an old woman.” It is for the dowry that the old woman sends her beloved daughter out into the cold.

The situation in the forest repeats itself: Morozko appears and subjects the girl to the cold test three times. She, however, is not endowed with kindness or meekness and is filled with pride. Her answers are rude and disrespectful, and Morozko cruelly punishes this heroine: she dies from the cold.

Such a tragic ending folk tale“Morozko” shows the reader how cruelly the people condemn envy, greed, anger and oppression of the weak and defenseless, which was the stepdaughter. The behavior of the negative heroes of the fairy tale, the stepmother and her own daughter, causes a rejection of anger and injustice in the child’s soul. And the punishment that the girl suffered is perceived by the young reader as a triumph of justice.

It is curious that today the Russian fairy tale “Morozko” causes quite a lot of discussion about its interpretation. The fairy tale is reproached for bloodthirstiness, for affirming dubious ideals (meekness instead of assertiveness, emphasis on the value of material goods). There are proposals to protect the modern child from unnecessary cruelty by refusing to read folk tales.

However, we should not forget about the historical roots of the folk tale - the narrative here is determined by the realities of the time when the fairy tale was created. Some harshness, and even cruelty, can also be justified by the goal pursued by the creators of the fairy tale: instruction, edification of the younger generation. And the more specifically the instruction is expressed in this case, the stronger the educational impact.

Fairy tales preserve the centuries-old wisdom of the people, and the task of modern parents and teachers is not to break the connection between generations, but to help the child correctly read and perceive the centuries-old folk wisdom.

The old Russian fairy tale "Morozko" belongs to the category of winter tales and is believed to be an interpretation of "The Lady of the Blizzard". However, there are several facts that may indicate its more ancient roots. For example, the character Morozko or Father Frost is a native Slavic image of the spirit-lord of winter, cold and northern winds. And the fact that the main virtuous hero is a pagan Slavic character, suggests that the fairy tale could have been created before the advent of Christianity. In addition, it never mentions Christmas, holidays and everything that is often present in a later period.

Hard work

The similarity of ideas in “Morozko”, “Mistress Blizzard” and even “Cinderella” is not surprising. It is always easier for children to perceive evil if it does not come from loved one, for example, a mother, and from strangers - a stepmother and her children. This is stated in the very first lines, as if immediately setting the listener up for a negative attitude towards the image of the stepmother and her lazy and ugly daughter.

In the Soviet film fairy tale by Alexander Row, the stepdaughter is called Nastya, and the stepmother's daughter is called Marfa, but in the traditional Russian fairy tale the girls' names are not named.

“Morozko” teaches, first of all, hard work and humility. The daughter and stepdaughter are opposed to each other: one takes on any work, does not contradict the stepmother, calmly endures all her instructions, does not complain or argue. Another girl is suspended from work, she is lazy and stubborn, capricious and angry, often laughs and mocks her sister. The fairy tale shows a beautiful, hard-working and hard-working stepdaughter and her complete opposite - a lazy and capricious daughter.

In reality, everything would be the other way around: constant work, lack of sleep and exposure to the sun would certainly affect the good girl’s appearance, while the lazy daughter would have time to take care of herself, rest and get enough sleep.

Obedience

Submissiveness and blind obedience were highly valued in women of a patriarchal society. Even when the stepmother sent her stepdaughter to certain death - to collect brushwood in the forest at night, and even in a blizzard with severe frost - the girl obediently. Between the lines in the fairy tale it is read that she was obliged to do this, because... Complete and unquestioning submission to parents is at the core of Slavic culture. Fortunately, the stepdaughter met Morozko in the forest.

Meekness

The main part of the tale is devoted to the meeting of the stepdaughter and Morozko, her main goal- to convey to the listener that in addition to hard work, there was another important feminine trait in her - meekness. Morozko walked around the girl in a circle several times, increasing the frost, and asked: “Are you warm, girl?” And although the girl was poorly dressed for such frost, she naturally froze, but at the same time she answered Morozko that she was warm. This is the meaning of female meekness - no matter how hard and bad it is, a real girl should not complain and grumble. For her character, meekness, modesty and hard work, Morozko rewards his stepdaughter with a carriage drawn by three horses and a dowry chest.

Name of the lesson

"Morozko" (Russian folk tale).

General goal

Promoting the formation of skills to work with literary text;

Learning outcomes for teachers (expected results)

Students will demonstrate skills:

understand the text; extract information from text and analyze it; use different techniques working with information; express your thoughts orally and in writing; work in a group (play certain roles, be able to hear and listen to each other).

Key ideas covered in class

"As is the work, so is the reward"

Techniques for working with text

"Insert" technique; basket of questions, "Cinquain"; thin, thick, creative questions;

Lesson topic: Russian folk tale "Morozko".

Target: Introduction to the Russian folk tale "Morozko"

Tasks : Learn to work with text, highlight main idea, be able to characterize the main characters, describe them.

Develop oral speech, enrich vocabulary, develop creative thinking.

Instill a love of books and encourage children to read more.

Cultivate kindness and faith in fairy tales.

Lesson type : integrated.

Equipment: textbooks, notebooks, colored pencils, interactive whiteboard, slides, proverbs, coloring books.

Progress of the lesson.

Org. moment.

Psychological attitude

The bell rang and fell silent,

Let's start our lesson.

We sat down together at our desks,

They looked at each other.

Wish you success with your eyes -

And forward, for new knowledge.

Division into groups (composition - 4-5 people) selection of figures

Please guys choose yours geometric shapes. Let's create groups

It is easier for the children who have chosen the same figures to work in the same group. I think you in your group are using all your knowledge and skills today. So let's start the lesson! Good luck! So let it good mood accompanies us throughout the lesson.

And for your correct answers and for good job I will give you snowflakes - a symbol of winter.

3. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson. -Guys, close your eyes and listen, what do you hear?(Listening to the sounds of winter: snowstorm, crunching snow, wind...)-What time of year is this typical? (winter)-Today we will continue to talk about winter.

Old man at the gate

The warmth was stolen away

Doesn't run on his own

And he doesn’t tell me to stand.

Whose drawings are on the window,

What's the pattern on the crystal?

Pinches everyone's nose

Winter grandfather...

Answer (Frost)

How can you affectionately call him? That's right - Frosty.

Today we will get acquainted with the Russian folk tale “Morozko”.-In the lesson we will: listen, read expressively, highlight the main idea.4. Primary reading. -We have prepared pencils and mark the unclear words.-Reading the text by the teacher.-Tell me, is the fairy tale over?5. Vocabulary work. What words were unclear except those written on the board?– A stepmother is not a natural mother.– A stepdaughter is not a natural daughter.- He tightened his grip - he became sad.– Chills – frozen to the point of trembling.- To ossify - to freeze to death.- I took pity - I regretted it.- She started voicing - screaming loudly, crying.-Encourages - forces

Remember what words fairy tales begin with? This is the beginning of a fairy tale.

Find and read the beginning of the fairy tale

Name the heroes of the fairy tale.

Let's characterize each of the heroes of the fairy tale.

6. Group work Fishbone

1 group-

Stepmother

Group 2-

Stepmother

7. Individual work

Comparative characteristics stepdaughters and stepmother's daughters in words from a fairy tale.

(children do it independently on cards)

Stepdaughter

Stepmother's Daughter

Hardworking

Can't do anything, lazy

Economic

Evil

Friendly

Gloomy

Kind

Pushes her sister around, not well-mannered

Cheerful

Greedy

Describe Morozko.

Why didn't Morozko freeze the girl? (text excerpt)

Why did Morozko give the sisters different gifts?

How do you think the fairy tale ended? (read the end of the story)

What conclusion can be drawn?

Physical exercise.

A clubfooted bear walks through the forest
He collects the cones and puts them in his pocket.
The cone bounced right into the bear’s forehead,
The bear got angry - and stomped his foot!

8.Working with a deformed plan. Puzzles -Place the parts of the plan in the right order.Meeting of the stepdaughter with Morozko.The old woman's daughter in the forest.The old man takes his stepdaughter to the forest.Gift chest

9. Highlighting the main idea. -What work did we get acquainted with?So let's draw a conclusion? What does a fairy tale teach us?Good is rewarded and evil is punished.

(Don't judge a person by appearance, look deeper, evaluate people by their spiritual merits, their deeds.)

The fairy tale teaches us to distinguish good from evil, good from bad.

What proverbs fit this fairy tale?

1. If you want a lot, you will lose the last.

2. He who honors his parents will never perish.

3. As it comes back, so will it respond.

4. A kind person is more likely to do something than an angry one.

5.As is the work, so is the reward.

6. Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils him.

10. Consolidation of what has been learned.

How many parts can a fairy tale be divided into?

How can you title each part?

1). The stepmother kicked her stepdaughter out of the yard.

2).Meeting with Morozko.

3).Morozka's reward.

4). The old woman's daughter in the forest.

Retelling the tale in parts. (at home)

– It would be wrong if we forgot that every year, a fairy tale comes to every home in the form of Santa Claus, whom we all love and wait for. He lives in Veliky Ustyug.

Which heroine could be suitable for the role of the Snow Maiden? Why?

Reflection.

Did you like the lesson?

What did you like?

What do you remember most?

The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it - a lesson for good fellows.

Once upon a time, a grandfather lived with another wife. The grandfather had a daughter, and the woman had a daughter.

Everyone knows how to live with a stepmother: if you turn over, it’s a bitch, and if you don’t turn over, it’s a bitch. And no matter what my own daughter does, she gets a pat on the head for everything: she’s smart.

The stepdaughter watered and fed the cattle, carried firewood and water to the hut, heated the stove, chalked the hut - even before the light... You can’t please the old woman with anything - everything is wrong, everything is bad.

Even if the wind makes a noise, it will calm down, but the old woman will disperse and will not calm down soon. So the stepmother came up with the idea to take her stepdaughter away from the world.

Take her, take her, old man,” he says to his husband, “where you want my eyes not to see her!” Take her to the forest, into the bitter cold.

The old man groaned and cried, but there was nothing to do, you couldn’t argue with the women. Harnessed the horse:

Sit down, dear daughter, in the sleigh.

He took the homeless woman into the forest, dumped her in a snowdrift under a large fir tree and left.

A girl sits under a spruce tree, trembling, and a chill runs through her. Suddenly he hears - not far away It crackles through the trees, jumps from tree to tree, and clicks. He found himself on the spruce tree under which the girl was sitting, and from above he asked her:

Are you warm, girl?

Morozko began to descend lower, crackling and clicking louder:

She takes a slight breath:

Warm, Morozushko, warm, father.

Morozko descended even lower, crackled louder, clicked louder:

Are you warm, girl? Are you warm, red one? Are you warm, honey?

The girl began to stiffen, moving her tongue slightly:

Oh, it’s warm, my dear Morozushko!

Here took pity on the girl, wrapped her in warm fur coats, and warmed her with down blankets.

And her stepmother is already holding a wake for her, baking pancakes and shouting to her husband:

Go, old brat, take your daughter to be buried!

The old man rode into the forest, reached the place where his daughter was sitting under a large spruce tree, cheerful, rosy-cheeked, in a sable fur coat, all in gold and silver, and nearby was a box with rich gifts.

The old man was delighted, put all the goods in the sleigh, put his daughter in, and took her home.

And at home the old woman is baking pancakes, and the dog is under the table:

The old woman will throw her a pancake:

You're not yapping like that! Say: “They marry an old woman’s daughter, but they bring bones to an old woman’s daughter...”

The dog eats the pancake and again:

Bang, bang! They take the old man's daughter in gold and silver, but they don't marry the old woman.

The old woman threw pancakes at her and beat her, the dog did everything...

Suddenly the gates creaked, the door opened, the stepdaughter walked into the hut - in gold and silver, so shining. And behind her they carry a tall, heavy box. The old woman looked - and her hands were apart...

Harness another horse, you old bastard! Take, take my daughter to the forest and put her in the same place...

The old man put the old woman's daughter in a sleigh, took her into the forest to the same place, dumped her in a snowdrift under a tall spruce tree and drove off.

The old woman's daughter is sitting, chattering her teeth.

And Morozko crackles through the forest, jumps from tree to tree, clicks, the daughter glances at the old woman:

Are you warm, girl?

And she told him:

Oh, it's cold! Don’t creak, don’t crack, Morozko...

Morozko began to descend lower, crackling and clicking more loudly.

Are you warm, girl? Are you warm, red one?

Oh, my hands and feet are frozen! Go away, Morozko...

I went even lower , hit harder, crackled, clicked:

Are you warm, girl? Are you warm, red one?

Oh, I've got a cold! Perish, be lost, damned !

Frosty got angry and got so angry that the old woman’s daughter became numb.

At first light the old woman sends her husband:

Hurry up, old brat, go get your daughter, bring her back in gold and silver...

The old man left. And the dog under the table:

Bang, bang! The grooms will take the old man's daughter, but the old woman's daughter will carry the bones in a bag.

The old woman threw her a pie: .

You're not yapping like that! Say: “The old woman’s daughter is being carried in gold and silver...”

And the dog is all his:

Bang, bang! The old woman's daughter is carrying bones in a bag...

The gate creaked and the old woman rushed to meet her daughter. Rogozha turned away, and her daughter lay dead in the sleigh. The old woman cried out, but it’s too late.

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1. The Russian folk tale "Morozko" is considered a New Year's, Christmas, and winter tale. The fairy tale "Morozko" refers to magical and fantastic fairy tales, since one of the heroes is a magical character. In such fairy tales, the positive hero is always helped by magical characters so that good and truth defeat evil and lies.

An old man and an old woman lived in a village, and with them lived the old woman’s own daughter and the old man’s own daughter. The old woman disliked her stepdaughter and forced her to do all the housework, which the girl meekly did in the best possible way. But it was impossible to please the stepmother, and one day she decided to take the girl away from the world, ordering the old man to take her stepdaughter to the winter forest and leave her. The old man, crying, took his daughter to the forest and left her under a spruce tree, where the girl met Morozko, who, having tested her temper, presented her with expensive gifts. Then the stepmother sent her stupid and lazy daughter into the forest, hoping to see her with gifts, but her daughter did not pass Morozko’s tests, and the old man brought her from the forest frozen.

The instructive fairy tale “Morozko” condemns human envy and greed, and also talks about how important it is to be kind and hardworking. A fairy tale is folk wisdom(Don’t dig a hole for someone else, you will fall into it yourself!), which is presented in a form that is understandable and accessible to children. The behavior of the negative heroes of the fairy tale (the stepmother and her own daughter) causes rejection of anger and injustice. And the punishment that the girl suffered is perceived by the reader as a triumph of justice. The tragic ending of the fairy tale reflects how much the mentality of the Russian people rejects anger, oppression of the defenseless and weak (the stepdaughter) and what kind of retribution for evil happens.

Positive female image fairy tales "Morozko" - this is the main character, the stepdaughter - a hardworking, helpful and meek girl. The stepdaughter's character is so meek that she does not argue or resist when her own father leaves her in the cold winter forest. And she behaves just as meekly when Morozko tests her character, increasing the frost more and more. The girl’s answers are friendly, despite the bitter cold, for which Morozko takes pity and generously gifts the girl.

Positive male image in a fairy tale - this is an old man, the father of the main character. He is kind and meek, but weak in front of the evil and assertive old woman. The old man silently looks at the injustice towards his daughter and cannot object to anything.

Negative images in the fairy tale "Morozko" only women are the stepmother and her daughter - powerful, angry, greedy and envious, they only do what oppress main character. By forcing their stepdaughter to work all day, they are never satisfied with her work.

The only one magically Morozko appears in the fairy tale - he is both a stern and kind wizard who, according to tradition, first tests the heroes and then rewards or punishes them fairly.

2. Beginning fairy tales“Morozko” is replete with everyday pictures and has little reminiscent of magical circumstances. The fairy tale begins like this: “Once upon a time, there was a grandfather who lived with another wife. The grandfather had a daughter, and the woman had a daughter.”

IN development of action planned the beginning of a fairy tale: “So the stepmother came up with the idea to drive her stepdaughter away from the world. Take her, take her, old man,” he says to his husband, “where you want my eyes not to see her!” Take her to the forest, into the bitter cold.”

The stepdaughter's character is so meek that she does not argue or resist when her own father leaves her in the cold winter forest. And she behaves just as meekly when the title character of the fairy tale, Morozko, tests her character, increasing the frost more and more. The girl’s answers are friendly, despite the bitter cold. For this, Morozko takes pity on the girl and generously gifts her. The stepmother, domineering, envious and greedy, seeing her stepdaughter unharmed and with rich gifts, orders the old man to take her own daughter to the same place in the forest. The old woman collects the dowry and sends her beloved daughter out into the cold.

Climax occurs when the situation in the forest repeats itself: Morozko appears and subjects the girl to the cold test three times. She, however, is not endowed with kindness or meekness and is filled with pride. Her answers are rude and disrespectful, for which she paid.

Denouement occurs when Morozko cruelly punishes this heroine: she dies from the cold. With such a tragic ending, the folk tale “Morozko” shows the reader how harshly the people condemn envy, greed, anger and oppression of the weak and defenseless, which was the stepdaughter. And the punishment that the girl suffered is perceived as a triumph of justice.

The fairy tale “Morozko” does not have a beautiful ending, which usually ends with fairy tales with a happy ending. Here we see the triumph of good over evil, traditional for fairy tales, and an instructive end of the fairy tale.

3. In the fairy tale "Morozko" the main actions take place in the winter forest, but description of the forest very briefly: large snowdrifts and fir trees are crackling from the frost. This is the ice kingdom of Morozko. Here, under a large fir tree, the old man left his daughter, and then the old woman’s daughter. Here the girls meet Morozko twice.

In the beginning of the fairy tale, the first thing happens monologue old women:

Take her, take her, old man,” he says to his husband, “where you want my eyes not to see her!” Take her to the forest, into the bitter cold.

To this monologue, the old man, without answering his wife, dutifully takes his own daughter into the forest into the cold.

Warm, Morozushko, warm, father.

For her meek disposition, the girl does not die, but enriches herself with the help of Morozko and returns home.

Later, the old woman sends her daughter to the forest, but for a different purpose. The order for the old man sounds again ( monologue old women):

Harness another horse, you old bastard! Take, take my daughter to the forest and put her in the same place...

It's happening again in the forest dialogue Morozko and girls, but it is different from the first:

Are you warm, girl? Are you warm, red one?

Oh, my hands and feet are frozen! Go away, Morozko...

Her answers are rude and disrespectful, and Morozko cruelly punishes this heroine: she dies from the cold.

“Morozko got angry and got so angry that the old woman’s daughter became numb” - this is the only hyperbola fairy tales Hyperboles have an emotional and national character and create the expressive tone of a fairy-tale narrative.

In the fairy tale "Morozko" there are several comparisons:

The domineering, envious and greedy stepmother is a meek, soft and dutiful old man;

The lazy, stupid and evil daughter of an old woman is a hardworking, helpful and meek stepdaughter. These comparisons clearly show where the character is negative and where the character is positive, where there is good and where there is evil. Such examples teach children to compare.

A fairy tale always has two levels: external - plot and metaphorical - subtextual; it contains wisdom, carefully passed on to us by our ancestors, turned into a fairy tale. In the form metaphors an important idea more easily seeps through all the doors of consciousness and gets into the very depths of the soul, allows you to think about your life, your goals and desires, talk about the possible consequences of this or that behavior and gives you the opportunity to look at yourself from the outside.

In the fairy tale "Morozko" there are no obvious magical transformations. Morozko magically rewards his stepdaughter for her human qualities and saves her from death, contrary to all expectations.

4. Fairy tales are characterized by the following compositional feature: repetition three times any episode with subsequent intensification of the effect. In the fairy tale “Morozko”, this technique is used during meetings with Morozko in the forest, when he asks each girl three times: “Are you warm, girl? Are you warm, red one? After each answer from the girl, the frost intensifies. The technique of repeating three times has a special meaning in each specific case. More often, this technique is used to show how great the severity of the test that the main character of the fairy tale goes through.

This fairy tale contains folk expressions taken from the life of ordinary people, as well as the idea of the fairy tale itself:

“Everyone knows how to live with a stepmother: if you turn over, you’ll get a bat, and if you don’t turn over, you’ll get a bat. And no matter what my own daughter does, she gets a pat on the head for everything: she’s smart.”

“Even if the wind makes a noise, it calms down, but the old woman disperses - she won’t calm down soon.”

5. The Russian folk tale “Morozko” is written concisely and extremely accurately tongue. But still, in the fairy tale there are diminutive words that are used only by the stepdaughter and Morozko when they meet in the forest, which further highlights the positivity of these heroes as an example to children.

6. A fairy tale is important not only in understanding the world around us, but also how educational moment. The fairy tale contains a warning, an instructive moral, and a demonstration of a positive style of behavior (the value of politeness, kind attitude towards people, respect for elders, hard work). Children learn to think about their actions fairy-tale heroes, determine what is good and what is bad. The child’s speech is also enriched with the help of epithets often found in fairy tales. The child learns to think in images. The ability to endow objects and phenomena with supernatural properties, to believe in the animation of inanimate nature - characteristic feature child's psyche. Behind the seemingly implausible fairy-tale plots one can clearly see true story life of the Russian people. But fairy tales would not be fairy tales if they lacked entertainment.

The fairy tale "Morozko", like most Russian folk tales, is suitable for children of all ages. The fairy tale lulls you, immerses you in an atmosphere of magic and wonder. She teaches adults to look at the world with a direct, open gaze, points out their shortcomings, and important life truths are revealed to children in an easy and entertaining way. Thus, while gaining experience in solving problems using “fairy-tale” methods, the child transfers it to real situations in life.

climax frost fairy tale plot

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What does the fairy tale "Frost" teach? Russian folk tale "Morozko" What proverbs show the idea in the fairy tale Morozko

Hard work

Obedience

Meekness

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