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Human traits and their manifestation

03.04.2015

Snezhana Ivanova

Character traits always leave an imprint on a person's behavior, and also affect his actions.

Throughout his life, each person manifests his own individual characteristics, which are displayed not only in his behavior or the specifics of communication, but also determine the attitude towards activities, himself and other people. All these features, manifested in life, both in scientific use and in everyday life, are called character.

Definition of "character"

In psychology, character is understood as a certain set of human traits that are pronounced and relatively stable. Character traits always leave an imprint on a person's behavior, and also affect his actions.

In psychological dictionaries, you can find enough a large number of definitions of character, but they all boil down to the fact that character is a set of the most persistent individual psychological characteristics of a person, which are always manifested in her activities and public behavior, as well as in the system of relations:

• to the team;
• to other people;
• to work;
• to the surrounding reality (to the world);
• to herself.

The term " character» ( in the lane. from Greek character - chasing or printing) was introduced by the ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist, student Plato and closest friend of Aristotle Theophrastus... And here it is worth paying special attention to the translation of the word - chasing or printing. Indeed, the character seems to emerge in the form of a peculiar pattern on the person's personality, thus creating a unique seal that distinguishes its owner from other individuals. A similar pattern, as well as the coat of arms or emblem on the personal seal of the medieval nobility, is drawn on a certain basis with the help of specific signs and letters. The basis for engraving an individual personality is temperament, and a unique pattern - bright and individual character traits .

Character traits as a tool for psychological assessment and understanding of a person

In psychology, character traits are understood as individual, rather complex features that are most indicative for a person and make it possible with a high degree of probability to predict his behavior in a particular situation. That is, knowing that a particular person has some traits, one can predict his subsequent actions and possible actions in this or that case. For example, if a person has a pronounced trait of responsiveness, then there is a high probability that in difficult moment life he will come to the rescue.

A trait is one of the most important and essential parts of a person, his stable quality and a well-established way of interacting with the surrounding reality. In a character trait, personality is crystallized and its integrity is reflected. A person's character trait is a real way of solving many life situations (both activity and communicative) and therefore they need to be considered from the point of view of the future. So, character traits are a prediction of the actions and actions of a person, since they are distinguished by persistence and make a person's behavior predictable and more obvious. Due to the fact that each personality is unique, there is a huge variety of unique character traits.

Each person acquires special traits of his character throughout his life in society, and all individual signs (traits) cannot be considered characterological. Such will be only those that, regardless of life situation and circumstances will always manifest themselves in an identical way of behavior and the same attitude in the surrounding reality.

Thus, in order to assess personality psychologists (to characterize it) as an individual, it is necessary to determine not the entire sum of the individual qualities of a person, but to highlight those traits and qualities of character that are distinctive from other people. While these traits are individual and different, they must constitute structural integrity.

Traits of a person's character are priority in the study of his personality, as well as for understanding and predicting his actions, actions and behavior. Indeed, we perceive and understand any kind of human activity as a manifestation of certain traits of his character. But, characterizing a person as a social being, it is not so much the manifestation of traits in activity that becomes important, as what exactly this activity is directed to (and also what the human will serves). In this case, one should pay attention to the content side of the character, and more specifically, to those personality traits that make up the general structure as its mental make-up. They are expressed in: integrity-contradiction, unity-fragmentation, static-dynamism, breadth-narrowness, strength-weakness.

List of human traits

Human character- it is not only a certain set of some features (or a random set of them), but a very complex mental formation, which is a certain system. This system consists of many of the most stable personality traits, as well as its properties, manifested in various systems of human relations (to work, to one's business, to the world around it, to things, to oneself and to other people). In these relations, the structure of character, its content and individuality of originality find expression. Below, in the table, the main character traits (their groups) are described, which are manifested in various systems of human relations.

Persistent traits (symptom complexes) of character, manifested in personality relationships

In addition to the traits that are manifested in the system of relationships, psychologists have identified traits of a person's character that can be attributed to the cognitive and emotional-volitional sphere. So character traits are divided into:

• cognitive (or intellectual) - curiosity, theoretical, critical, resourceful, analytical, thoughtful, practical, flexible, frivolous;
• emotional (impressionability, passion, emotionality, cheerfulness, sentimentality, etc.);
• strong-willed traits (persistence, determination, independence, etc.);
• moral traits (kindness, honesty, justice, humanity, cruelty, responsiveness, patriotism, etc.).

Some psychologists propose to highlight motivational (or productive) and instrumental character traits. Motivational traits are understood as those that move a person, that is, they induce him to certain actions and deeds. (they can also be called goal traits). Instrumental features give a unique style and personality to human activity. They refer to the very manner and way of performing an activity (they can also be called traits-ways).

Representative of the humanistic direction in psychology Gordon Allport I combined character traits into three main categories:

• dominant (those that most of all determine all forms of human behavior, his actions and deeds, such as selfishness or kindness);
• ordinary (which are manifested equally in all spheres of life, for example, parity and humanity);
• secondary (they do not have the same influences as dominant or ordinary ones, for example, it can be diligence or love for music).

So, the main character traits are manifested in various spheres of mental activity and the system of personality relationships. All these relationships are fixed in different modes of action and forms of human behavior that are most familiar to him. Certain regular relationships are always established between the existing traits, which make it possible to create a structured character. She, in turn, helps to predict, according to the traits of a person's character already known to us, others who are hidden from us, which makes it possible to predict his subsequent actions and actions.

Any structure, including character, has its own hierarchy. Thus, character traits also have a certain hierarchy, therefore there are main (leading) and secondary traits that are subordinate to the leading. It is possible to predict the actions of a person and his behavior, relying not only on the main features, but also on secondary ones (despite the fact that they are less significant and are not manifested so clearly).

Typical and individual in character

The bearer of character is always a person, and his features are manifested in activities, relationships, actions, behavior, ways of acting in a family, in a team, at work, among friends, etc. This manifestation always reflects the typical and the individual in the character, because they exist in an organic unity (for example, the typical is always the basis for the individual manifestation of character).

What is meant by typical character? A character is called typical when there is a set of essential traits that are common to a certain group of people. This set of features reflects the general living conditions of a particular group. In addition, these traits should be manifested (to a greater or lesser extent) in each representative of this group. The set of distinctive typical features is a condition for the emergence of a certain.

The typical and individual in character is most clearly expressed in a person's relationship to other people, because interpersonal contacts are always conditioned by certain social conditions of life, the corresponding level of cultural and historical development of society and from the formed the spiritual world the person himself. Attitude towards other people is always evaluative and manifests itself in different ways (approval-condemnation, support-misunderstanding) depending on the existing circumstances. This manifestation is expressed depending on the person's assessment of the actions and behavior of others, or rather their positive and negative character traits.

Typical traits of a person's character in terms of their intensity are manifested in each individually. So, for example, individual traits can reveal themselves so strongly and vividly that they become unique in their own way. It is in this case that what is typical in character is transformed into the individual.

Positive character traits and their manifestation

Both the typical and the individual in character are manifested in the systems of personality relationships. This is due to the presence of certain traits in a person's character (both positive and negative). So, for example, in relation to work or their business, such positive character traits as hard work, discipline and organization are manifested.

As for interpersonal communication and attitude towards other people, here are the following good character traits: honesty, openness, fairness, adherence to principles, humanity, etc. All these features allow you to build constructive communication and quickly establish contacts with people around you.

It should be noted that there are a huge variety of individual character traits. But among them it is necessary to single out, first of all, those that have the greatest influence on the formation of the spirituality of a person and his (it is in this context that the best trait of a person's character - humanity) finds its manifestation. These traits are even more important in the process of upbringing and development of the younger generation, because the same traits are formed in different ways depending on situations, the presence of other character traits and the orientation of the personality itself.

While highlighting good character traits, one should not forget about their possible curvature, or about the presence of obvious negative traits with which a person needs to fight. Only in this case will there be a harmonious and holistic development of the personality.

Negative character traits and their manifestation

In relation to the behavior, actions and activities of other people, a person always forms traits of a certain character - positive and negative. This happens according to the principle of analogy (that is, there is identification with what is acceptable) and opposition (with what is included in the list of inadmissible and incorrect). Attitude towards oneself can be positive or negative, which primarily depends on the level of development and the ability to adequately assess oneself ( that is, from the formed level). A high level of self-awareness is evidenced by the presence of the following positive traits: a high demand for oneself, and a feeling dignity as well as responsibility. And, conversely, such negative traits character such as self-confidence, selfishness, immodesty, etc.

Negative character traits (in principle, as well as positive ones are manifested) in the four main systems of human relations. For example, in the “attitude to work” system, among the negative features are called irresponsibility, carelessness and formality. And among the negative traits manifested in interpersonal communication, it is worth highlighting isolation, stinginess, boastfulness and disrespect.

It should be noted that negative character traits that are manifested in the system of a person's relationship to other people almost always contribute to the emergence of conflicts, misunderstanding and aggression, which subsequently leads to the emergence of destructive forms of communication. That is why, every person who wants to live in harmony with others and with himself should think about bringing up positive traits in his character and getting rid of destructive, negative traits.

test

Distinctive features personality

So, what is personality, if we bear in mind these limitations? Personality is a person taken in the system of such psychological characteristics, which are socially conditioned, are manifested in social connections and relations by nature, are stable, determine the moral actions of a person, which are of significant importance for himself and those around him. Along with the concepts "man", "personality" in science, the terms "individual", "individuality" are often used. Their difference from the concept of “personality” is as follows.

If the concept "person" includes the totality of all human qualities inherent in people, regardless of whether they are present or absent in a given individual, then the concept "individual" characterizes him and additionally includes such psychological and biological properties, which, along with personal ones, are also inherent in him. In addition, the concept of "individual" includes both qualities that distinguish this person from other people, and properties common to him and many other people.

Individuality is the narrowest concept of all discussed. It contains only those individual and personal properties of a person, such a combination of them that distinguishes this person from other people.

Consider the structure of the personality. It usually includes abilities, temperament, character, volitional qualities, emotions, motivation, social attitudes.

Abilities are understood as individually stable properties of a person that determine his success in various activities.

Temperament includes qualities on which a person's reactions to other people and social circumstances depend.

Character contains qualities that determine a person's actions in relation to other people.

Volitional qualities encompass several special personal properties that affect a person's desire to achieve their goals.

Emotions and motivation are, respectively, experiences and motivations for activity.

Social attitudes - beliefs and attitudes of people.

Addictive forms of personality behavior and their prevention

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Personality traits (personality traits, personality traits) are traits and characteristics of a person that describe his internal (or, more precisely, deep) features. What you need to know about the peculiarities of his behavior, communication and response to certain situations, not specifically now, but during long-term contacts with a person.

Personal traits include deep-seated features that are both biological and social in nature, and determine more superficial, situational manifestations.

Conscientiousness, as a personality trait, in a specific situation will manifest itself as a willingness to complete the matter.

Positive personality traits are often referred to as: personality traits.

What personality traits can be ranked as personality traits? It is easier to note that it does not apply to personality traits. Personality traits are not characteristics that describe:

1. Subjective attitude towards personality (Unusual, Amazing, Unpleasant).
2. Physical qualities of a person (Dexterous, Handsome).
3. Social characteristics and "titles" (Experienced, Wise, Production Leader, Saint, Enlightened).
4. A temporary, unstable state of a person, for example, situational (Tired) or depending on mood (Dull or Radiant happiness). Unlike a position that can be quickly selected, a personality trait does not change quickly. A personality trait is a constant circumstance that can only be reckoned with, used or overcome. It's like the weather outside the window: we can't change it, but if it rains there, we can take an umbrella and go where we need to.

Is it possible to bring full list personality traits? - It is impossible to create a complete, “correct” list of personality traits: on the one hand, it is endless (limited only by the capabilities of the language and the imagination of its owner), on the other hand, this list is created for the specific needs of a specific research and therefore is always arbitrary.

Trying to achieve a comprehensive description of personality, R. Cattell began by collecting all the names of personality traits found either in dictionaries of the type compiled by G. Allport and H. Odbert, or in psychiatric and psychological literature. The resulting list of names (4500 characteristics) was reduced to 171 personality traits by combining explicit synonyms.

Further, it is not always possible to say whether a certain situational personality trait is her chosen position or a stable feature. The position is, this is a certain way of thinking and attitude chosen by a person, then personality traits are stable personality traits. Unlike a position that can be quickly selected, a personality trait does not change quickly.

If a person behaves like a Victim, is this a trait or a situational choice? To answer such a question, you need to observe a person in different situations... Many of the personality traits can be simultaneously attributed to both traits and positions, while noting the "preponderance" of one or the other, characteristic of a particular culture of a given time. For example, today a position is more often than a personality trait of an adult. Few people can definitely say that he has a stable characteristic of always taking care of himself and always only at his own expense. More often a person in a given situation quickly chooses such a way of life, and in another situation he can make a different decision. However, we can also say that some people adhere to the position of the Consumer, having made a conscious choice and making it their own stable habit. And in this sense - a personality trait.

The most common list of personality traits used in classic psychological tests: MMPI, Cattell test and others. According to Cattell, these are, first of all: "isolation - sociability", intelligence, "emotional instability - emotional stability", "subordination - dominance", "restraint - expressiveness", "low normality of behavior - high normality of behavior", "shyness - courage "," Harshness - sensitivity "," gullibility - suspiciousness "," practicality - dreaminess "," straightforwardness - diplomacy "," calmness - anxiety "," conservatism - radicalism "," conformism - nonconformism "," low self-control - high self-control "," Relaxation - tension "," adequate self-esteem - inadequate self-esteem "(primary test factors), as well as" anxiety "," extraversion - introversion "," sensitivity "and" conformity "(secondary test factors).

It seems that the list of personality traits that are relevant in life is easy to continue: these are adequacy, suggestibility, good manners, sincerity, perfectionism, restraint and many others.

It is difficult to make a coherent system of personality traits, first of all, due to the fact that personality traits are related to each other not only linearly, but also hierarchically. For example, behavioral habits such as "Nodding", "Ugukanie" and "Flash eyes" are components of the ability to give signs of listening - skills and habits of a higher level. In turn, the signs of listening together with adjustments in the body, adjustments in the dictionary are components of the ability to listen. In turn, the ability to listen together, the ability to speak with clear theses, the skill of operating with facts and specifics and the habit of summing up are components of thoughtful communication, which in turn is part of effective communication. Effective communication is part of effective leadership, and so on.

From the point of view of the needs of practice, the list of personality traits can be significantly narrowed by highlighting the root, fundamental, personal traits proper. It is considered as such,

Characteristics per student

Personal data.

• Last name, first name.
• Date of Birth.
• School, class.
• School specialization.

• inhibition prevails.

Academic achievement.

• Sports activities (what kind).

Focus of interests:

• For educational activities;
• For labor activity;
• On relationships between people.

Attitude to business:

Public activity.

Hard work.

A responsibility.

Initiative.

Organization.

Curiosity.

Accuracy.

Attitude towards people:

Collectivism

Honesty. Truthfulness.

Justice.

• Doesn't seek justice.

Unselfishness.

Sociability.

• Closed, uncommunicative.

A sense of camaraderie.

Responsiveness.

Politeness, tact.

Attitude towards yourself:

Modesty.

Self confidence

Self-criticism.

Self-control.

Strong-willed personality traits

Courage.

Determination.

Perseverance.

Self-control.

Sympathy.

• They don't like him in class.

Attention.

Memory.

• When memorizing, he always understands the structure and meaning of the material. But the material that requires mechanical memorization is easy for them to memorize.

Thinking.

Emotional reactivity.

General emotional tone.

• Emotionally balanced.

I. Psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the student's personality

Home | Life Safety Fundamentals | Lesson materials | Materials for Life Safety Lessons for Grade 11 | Lesson plan for academic year| Requirements of military activity for moral, individual-psychological and professional qualities citizen

Basics of life safety
Grade 11

Lesson 27
Requirements of military activity for moral,
individual psychological and professional qualities of a citizen

One of the most important types of human activity is military activity. Its goals are set out in the Federal Law "On Defense". These include the repulsion of aggression directed against our country, the armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory. Russian Federation and performing tasks in accordance with international treaties. Military activity is recognized as a priority over other forms of activity, since it has features that we have already discussed in Chapter 1 of this section. Modern military activity is diverse. It can be conditionally subdivided into three main types: combat, combat training and daily activities.

Combat activity is the main type of military activity. It is carried out in the course of hostilities. It is customary to understand them as organized actions to achieve certain goals in battle. The main types of combat operations are offensive and defense. In modern conditions fighting They are distinguished by high maneuverability, decisiveness, transience, abrupt changes in the situation and the widespread use of various types of weapons and military equipment.

Combat training activity (it is carried out in order to ensure successful combat activity) consists of a system of measures for the training and education of servicemen and the preparation of subunits and units for joint combat operations. In its process, military personnel are given classes and trainings in various subjects of instruction, live shooting, as well as exercises - the most effective form of field, sea and air training. personnel.

Everyday activity covers practically all other aspects of the life of military personnel. In each military unit, it is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They regulate this activity in order to maintain in units and units internal order and discipline that ensures high combat readiness, training of servicemen, the organized performance of other tasks and the preservation of the health of personnel. Carrying out their duties in daily activities helps soldiers withstand difficult trials in a combat situation.

Military activity places high demands on servicemen in terms of professional training, education, health, physical fitness and psychological stability. In each branch of the Armed Forces and branch of the armed forces, this activity has its own characteristics, which determine the professionally important qualities of servicemen (Table 8).

The main General requirements, presented by military activity to each serviceman - a high level of combat skill, discipline and psychological training.

Combat prowess presupposes such a professional preparedness of a soldier, which will provide the most effective use weapons and equipment, as well as the use of combat conditions to achieve superiority over the enemy.

Warrior Discipline lies in his respectful attitude to the laws of the state and the moral norms of society, the rules of community life and military duty. The highest expression of discipline is the readiness for self-sacrifice in battle.

Psychological preparation is a set of measures for the development of high combat activity in soldiers and the formation in them of such character traits as courage, courage, bravery and dedication.

Of great importance for successful military activity are mental and moral-ethical qualities of recruits... These qualities form the structure of the personality of a citizen and are inherent in all people. The main of these properties are personality orientation, character, abilities and temperament.

The orientation of the personality is manifested in ideological convictions, moral principles and worldviews on certain problems. This property characterizes a person in relation to what he strives for and what he values. The main requirement for the orientation of a soldier's personality is the correspondence of his moral development, life goals, personal decisions, convictions and aspirations to the interests of our society and the tasks of increasing the combat readiness and combat effectiveness of the Armed Forces.

Character is understood as a set of traits that make up the individual makeup of a person's personality, manifested in the features of his behavior and attitude to the surrounding reality. The main character traits required for successful military activity are shown in Figure 31.

The next personality trait is abilities that allow you to quickly master a particular specialty... The development of appropriate abilities in military affairs allows a person drafted into the ranks of the Armed Forces to acquire the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for service in a short time. Abilities are determined by such indicators as the level of development of thinking, memory, observation and imagination, the sensitivity of the organs of sight, hearing and touch, the adaptability to the production of precise movements, etc.

Temperament is closely related to the character of a person and his abilities. It reflects the peculiarities of the course of mental processes and states.

The main components of temperament: general activity, motor manifestations and emotionality. There are four types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic. Each of them manifests itself in different ways, but anyone can find application in any corresponding type of military activity. It is difficult for a person to change anything in his temperament, however, you can make his positive aspects more meaningful and somewhat smooth out the negative ones.

Military activity has a pronounced collective character. The elements of the team are people who occupy different positions and perform specific duties. Therefore, an important place in the psychology of a military collective is occupied by interpersonal relationships, which reflect the position of the warrior towards each of his comrades. These relations bind all military personnel of the collective and have great importance for their psychological compatibility. The compatibility of team members is formed on the basis of instilling in soldiers a sense of sympathy, trust and respect for comrades, and readiness for joint actions with them. An important role in educating team members in a spirit of camaraderie, trust, mutual assistance and mutual assistance belongs to the commander. According to the charter, he is obliged to educate subordinates, take care of team building and strengthening friendship between soldiers.

In conclusion, we note that military activity is a complex phenomenon in many respects. It is socially necessary and in demand and occupies an important place in any state.

Questions

1. What types can be conventionally divided into military activity?

2. What is meant by combat activity?

3. For what purpose are combat training activities carried out?

4. What documents regulate the daily activities of military personnel?

5. What is called martial skill?

6. What is the discipline of a warrior?

7. What is personality orientation?

8. What is meant by the character of a person?

9. What are the indicators of personality abilities?

10. What types of personality temperaments do you know?

Characteristics per student

Section 1. General information about the student.

Personal data.

• Last name, first name.
• Date of Birth.
• School, class.
• School specialization.

Information about the state of health.

• Does it often get sick (often, moderately, rarely).
• Chronic diseases (what).
• Features of the functioning of the nervous system:

• gets tired quickly; gets tired after prolonged exertion; tireless;
• quickly goes from joy to sadness for no apparent reason; adequate change of mood;
• stable in manifestation of mood;
• excitement prevails; excitement and inhibition are balanced;
• inhibition prevails.

Academic achievement.
(excellent, good, satisfactory, unsatisfactory)

Extracurricular activities (systematic).

• Engaging in socially useful labor (what kind).
• Classes in amateur performances (what kind).
• Classes in circles, clubs, headquarters, brigades.
• Sports activities (what kind).
• Organizational work (what kind).

Section 2. Manifestation personal qualities in the behavior of the child.

Focus of interests:

• For educational activities;
• For labor activity;
• For artistic and aesthetic activities;
• Achievement in sports, tourism;
• On relationships between people.

Attitude to business:

Public activity.

• He actively participates in all public affairs, regardless of his own time.
• He takes an active part in public affairs, but tries not to waste his time on this.
• Shows no activity in public life, but the orders are carried out.
• Rarely takes part in public affairs.
• Refuses to participate in public affairs.

Hard work.

• The student always does any work willingly, looking for work himself and trying to do it well.
• As a rule, he willingly takes up work, trying to do it well. Cases of the opposite nature are rare.
• Rarely takes up work willingly.
• Most often he tries to avoid any work.
• Always shies away from doing any business.

A responsibility.

• He always performs well and on time any task entrusted to him.
• In most cases, he performs the work entrusted to him well and on time.
• Often he does not fulfill on time (or performs poorly) the task entrusted to him.
• Very rarely does the work entrusted to him.
• He never completes the tasks entrusted to him.

Initiative.

• Acts as the initiator of many cases, not seeking to receive anyone's recognition for it.
• Quite often he is the initiator of a new business.
• Rarely does he start a new business himself.
• He almost never starts a new business himself.
• He never initiates any business.

Organization.

• He always correctly distributes his work in time and performs it according to the plan.
• In most cases, he correctly distributes and does his job on time.
• He knows how to correctly distribute and does his job on time, only if it is necessary to report for each stage.
• More often than not, he does not know how to properly distribute his work in time, wastes time in vain.

Curiosity.

• She is constantly actively learning something new in various fields of science and culture.
• In most cases, he is interested in gaining new knowledge from various fields of science and culture.
• Rarely strive to learn something new; usually interested in one limited area of ​​expertise.
• As a rule, he does not show interest in acquiring new knowledge.
• Indifferent to all kinds of new knowledge.

Accuracy.

• He always keeps his things in perfect order. He always walks neatly, tucked up - both at the desk and at the blackboard. Protects public property, always tries to put it in order.
• Contains in proper order his own and lent to him things (books, notes). It helps to put in order public property (desks, inventory, etc.) rather out of duty.
• Does not show much desire to maintain order around him. Sometimes he comes to school unkempt, unkemptly dressed. Indifferent towards those who spoil public property.
• Often does not care about his own appearance, the condition of their books; things, does not protect public property, even spoils it.
• He does not at all care about keeping his things in proper order, he is always untidy, unkempt. On occasion, without hesitation, he spoils public property.

Attitude towards people:

Collectivism

• She always takes care of acquaintances and strangers, tries to help and support anyone.
• Tends to take care of strangers, if this does not interfere with his personal plans and affairs.
• Often he shows indifference to other people's affairs and concerns, if this does not affect him personally.
• As a rule, he is indifferent to the concerns of others, does not help them on his own initiative.
• He considers it unnecessary to take care of unfamiliar members of society, lives under the motto: "Do not meddle in your own business."

Honesty. Truthfulness.

• Always truthful in relation to his parents, teachers, comrades. He speaks the truth even when it is unprofitable for him.
• Almost always truthful to his parents, teachers and comrades.
• He often speaks lies for his own benefit.
• Almost always tells a lie if it suits him.
• Always inclined to tell the truth.

Justice.

• He actively fights against what he considers to be unfair.
• Doesn't always fight what he considers unfair.
• Rarely opposes what he considers unfair.
• Doesn't seek justice.
• Completely indifferent to manifestations of injustice.

Unselfishness.

• In his actions, he is always guided by considerations of benefit to the cause or to other people, and not to his own benefit.
• Almost always motivated by considerations of benefit to the business or other people.
• Rarely is he guided in his actions by considerations of benefit, and not of his own benefit.
• In actions, he is often guided by considerations of his own benefit.
• In actions, he is always guided by considerations of his own benefit.

Sociability.

• Always willingly comes into contact with people, likes to work and relax with others.
• As a rule, he enjoys communicating with people.
• Strive to communicate with a limited circle of people.
• Prefers individual forms of work and leisure.
• Closed, uncommunicative.

A sense of camaraderie.

• He always helps his comrades in difficult work and in difficult moments of life.
• As a rule, he helps his comrades.
• Helps comrades when asked.
• Very rarely helps his comrades; can refuse help if asked.
• He never helps his comrades in their work, in difficult moments of life.

Responsiveness.

• He always sympathizes with others, comrades often share their concerns with him.
• Sincerely sympathizes with others, if not too absorbed in his own thoughts.
• Absorbed in his own feelings so much that it prevents him from sharing the feelings of other people.
• Almost does not know how to sympathize with others.
• He does not know how to sympathize with others, his comrades do not like to "borrow" from him.

Politeness, tact.

• All his actions and words indicate respect for other people.
• Almost always shows due respect for other people.
• It is often impolite and tactless.
• Often unacceptably harsh, rude. Quite often starts quarrels.
• He is always harsh, unrestrained both in communication with peers and in communication with elders. In a quarrel, he insults others, is rude.

Attitude towards yourself:

Modesty.

• She never displays her merits and merits.
• Sometimes, at the request of his comrades, he talks about his real achievements and merits.
• He himself tells his comrades about all his real achievements and merits.
• Often he brags about what has not yet been done or what he takes very little part in, to which he has little to do.
• Boasts even insignificant achievements, exaggerated merits.

Self confidence

• He never consults with others, does not seek help even when it should be done.
• All tasks, assignments are carried out without the help of others. Seeks help only when really needed.
• Sometimes, performing a difficult task, he asks for help, although he could cope himself.
• Often, when performing assignments, assignments, he asks for help, support from others, even if he himself can cope.
• Constantly, even in simple things, he needs the encouragement and help of others.

Self-criticism.

• Always listens attentively fair criticism, is persistent in correcting his own shortcomings.
• In most cases, he responds correctly to fair criticism, listens to good advice.
• Sometimes he listens to fair comments, tries to take them into account.
• Critical remarks, advice are inattentive, do not try to correct shortcomings.
• Rejects any criticism. Refuses to admit his obvious mistakes, does nothing to correct them.

Ability to calculate your strength.

• He always soberly evaluates his own strengths, choosing tasks and affairs "on the shoulder" that are not too easy and not too difficult.
• As a rule, it is true, measures their strengths and difficulties of the assignment.
• Sometimes there are times when a student poorly balances his strengths and the difficulties of the assigned work.
• In most cases, he does not know how to measure his strength and the difficulties of the case.
• He almost never knows how to correctly measure his strength and the difficulties of a task or deed.

Striving for success, superiority.

• Always and in everything he strives to be the first (in studies, sports, etc.), he persistently achieves this.
• Strives to be among the first in many areas, but pays special attention to achievements in any one area.
• He strives for one thing, especially of his interest, to achieve recognition, success.
• It is very rare to strive for success in any activity, it is easy to be content with the position of the "middle peasant".
• He never strives to be the first in anything, receives satisfaction from the activity itself.

Self-control.

• He always carefully weighs his words and deeds.
• Does not always carefully control his words and actions.
• For the most part acts rashly, counts on "luck".
• Almost always acts rashly, does not control himself carefully enough.
• Constantly acts rashly, counting on "luck".

Strong-willed personality traits

Courage.

• He always enters the fight, even if the enemy is stronger than himself.
• In most cases, he enters the fight, even if the enemy is stronger than himself.
• Cannot always force himself to engage in a fight with an opponent stronger than himself.
• In most cases, retreats in front of force.
• Always retreats in front of force, cowards.

Determination.

• Always independently, without hesitation, makes a responsible decision.
• In most cases, he makes a responsible decision without hesitation.
• Sometimes hesitates before a responsible decision.
• Rarely does one decide to take any important decision.
• Not able to independently make any responsible decision.

Perseverance.

• He always achieves the fulfillment of what was planned, even if long efforts are required, does not retreat in front of difficulties.
• As a rule, he tries to fulfill his plans, even if difficulties are encountered. Opposite cases are rare.
• Completes the plan only if the difficulties of its implementation are insignificant or require short-term efforts.
• Very rarely he brings his plans to the end, even if he encounters minor difficulties.
• Faced with difficulties, he immediately abandons attempts to fulfill his plans.

Self-control.

• He always knows how to suppress unwanted emotional manifestations.
• As a rule, he knows how to cope with his emotions. Cases of the opposite nature are rare.
• Sometimes he does not know how to cope with his emotions.
• Often unable to suppress unwanted emotions.
• Poorly controls his feelings, easily falls into a state of confusion, depression, and so on.

The position of the child in the children's team.

• He enjoys unconditional authority among almost all classmates: he is respected, reckoned with his opinion, and responsible affairs are entrusted.
• He enjoys authority among most of his classmates.
• He enjoys authority only among a part of his classmates (in some group, only among boys or among girls, etc.)
• Has authority over the rest of the students.
• Doesn't use authority in the class.

Sympathy.

• He is the favorite of the class, certain shortcomings are forgiven him.
• In the class, the guys treat him with sympathy.
• He enjoys the sympathy of only a part of his classmates.
• He enjoys the sympathy of some guys.
• They don't like him in class.

• He is a recognized authority in any out-of-school association (sports school, music school, club, courtyard company).
• He enjoys the authority of most of the children of any out-of-school association (sports school, music school, club, courtyard company)
• Enjoys authority among individual members of out-of-school associations (in a sports school, club)
• He is a member of an out-of-school association. But he does not use authority there (a sports school, a club).
• Not a member of any out-of-school association.

Features of mental processes and emotions.

Attention.

• Always quickly and easily focuses his attention on the teacher's explanation. He is never distracted in the lesson, does not make mistakes due to inattention in the lesson.
• Listens to the teacher's explanation attentively enough. It is seldom distracted, sometimes there are mistakes due to inattention.
• Doesn't always listen carefully to the teacher's explanations. Periodically distracted, often makes mistakes due to inattention, but corrects them when checking.
• He listens attentively enough only if he is interested. Often distracted. He constantly makes mistakes due to carelessness, while checking, he does not always correct them.
• As a rule, he slowly and with difficulty focuses his attention on the lesson, he learns little from the teacher's explanations due to constant distractions. Makes a lot of careless mistakes and does not notice them when checking.

Memory.

• When memorizing, he always understands the structure and meaning of the material.

  The most significant personality traits of a person

  But the material that requires mechanical memorization is easy for them to memorize.

• When memorizing, he can only remember what he previously understood, what he understood. Material requiring mechanical memorization is difficult.
• Material that requires mechanical memorization is very easy to learn, it is enough to look at it 1-2 times. Has a habit of not understanding the structure and meaning of the material being memorized.
• When memorizing, he understands the material for a long time. When presenting, he makes mistakes in form, but he expresses the meaning accurately.
• To memorize the material, he mechanically repeats it many times, indiscriminately and comprehending it, makes semantic mistakes.

Thinking.

• Quickly grasps the essence of the material, is always among the first to solve problems, often offers his own original solutions.
• He quickly understands the material, solves problems faster than many, sometimes offers his own original solutions.
• Satisfactorily understands the material after the teacher explains, solves problems at an average pace, usually does not offer his own original solutions.
• Among the latter, he captures the essence of the teacher's explanations, is distinguished by a slow pace of thinking and solving problems.
• He understands the materials only after additional lessons, solves problems extremely slowly, blindly uses well-known "templates" when solving problems.

Emotional reactivity.

• Always emotionally vividly reacts to any life phenomena, he can be deeply, to tears, excited by a story, a movie.
• Usually he reacts emotionally vividly to life events, but rarely that he can be deeply disturbed.
• Rarely shows a lively emotional reaction to events.
• There is practically no lively emotional reaction.

General emotional tone.

• He is constantly revitalized, very active in all spheres of school life, interferes in everything, takes on all matters.
• He is lively, moderately active in all spheres of school life.
• Lively, active only in some areas of school life.
• In comparison with his comrades, he is less active and lively.
• Almost always lethargic, apathetic in all areas of school life, despite the fact that he is healthy.

Emotional balance.

• He is always calm, he does not have strong emotional outbursts.
• Usually calm, emotional outbursts are very rare.
• Emotionally balanced.
• Increased emotional excitability, prone to violent emotional manifestations.
• Hot-tempered, strong emotional outbursts are frequent for an insignificant reason.