Doctors, lawyers, linguists and scientists from various fields in the process of obtaining education and work are faced with the need to master the Latin language. Despite the fact that he is called dead, he is the necessary base, without which successful advancement in a number of professions is impossible. How to learn Latin from scratch? It is necessary to adhere to three main recommendations in the following sequence: mastering the theory, practice, consolidating knowledge. Consider how it is possible to learn the language of science in five basic steps.
Choosing an Approach to Learning Latin
There are two generally accepted options for learning. These are schools, the methods of which have a number of differences. Depending on the priority goals in mastering the language, it is worth taking a closer look at one or another approach. The first school is more focused on grammar and vocabulary. The second focuses on vocabulary and reading. The first option is more suitable for those who aim to master the language on their own. How to learn Latin in this way? It involves a high level of motivation and iron discipline. At the same time, most modern textbooks and programs are built on it, which will allow you to choose working materials without restrictions. The second way gives faster results in understanding and using the language. Its disadvantage is that it requires the almost constant presence of a teacher in the process of work.
Tutorial-workshop
A number of teaching aids will help you learn the alphabet, grammar, vocabulary of the language. How to learn Latin to the level to be able to read? This will take from several months to six months. First you need to learn the alphabet, the basic rules for reading words, the basics of grammar and sentence construction. In parallel with this, there is a constant expansion of vocabulary by memorizing not only individual words, but also entire expressions, quotes and texts. They will further become the basis for accelerating the development process. As a teaching material, you can use both a self-instruction manual and methodological manuals recommended for university students or for a particular specialty.
The second necessary link is a dictionary. It is recommended to take a general publication, as well as a highly specialized version, for example, for linguists, lawyers, doctors or biologists.
Reading and translation
Since the language is “dead” and is used exclusively for solving scientific problems, reading and translation skills will become a priority in mastering. It is worth starting with small, light texts adapted specifically for beginners (from textbooks). Then you can move on to more complex work. How to learn Latin from scratch on your own based on texts and knowledge of grammar? This will help the constant practice of translation. It is necessary to work out each sentence, analyzing its constituent parts and selecting matches in the words and terminology of the native language. For the analysis of progress and feedback, it is better to use communities of like-minded people. Workbooks with a ready-made translation will also help, which you should check after doing your own in order to analyze errors.
An effective way to expand your vocabulary
As in any other language, vocabulary is the key to successful development. The most effective way to work with vocabulary teachers call cardboard or electronic cards. On one side is a word or phrase in the original, on the reverse side is a translation. Constant work with cards will help you quickly learn verbs and their conjugation, proverbs, nouns and adjectives. It is recommended to periodically (weekly) return to the material already worked out in order to fix it in long-term memory. How to learn Latin by audience? The method of cards with pronouncing words and expressions aloud will solve the problem.
Communication and training of others
How to learn Latin without constant feedback? Is it possible? In the case of Latin, the question is relevant because of its officiality and the impossibility of universal communication. Teachers are encouraged to join communities of language learners who help each other with difficult cases in grammar, translation, vocabulary understanding. A very effective method is the further transfer of knowledge, when, after mastering the base, the student undertakes to explain the basics of Latin to someone else, thus consolidating what he has learned and understanding what he has learned in detail. According to research, this approach accelerates progress at least twice.
Knowledge of the Latin language will allow not only to study successfully, but also to read the works of philosophers of antiquity in the original. The process is fun and educational. It is possible to learn Latin on your own, and communities of like-minded people will become a reliable motivating factor on the way to your goal.
The course will provide you with the opportunity to touch the riches of the Latin language, which influenced the formation and development of several European ones, such as French, Italian, Spanish, English and others. Therefore, learning Latin will make it easier for you to master new foreign languages in the future or open up unexpected facets in already known ones. Just like logic and mathematics, the practical skills of linguistic analysis of Latin texts will have a positive impact on any research activity.
The Latin language has long been the basis of scientific terminology in various branches of knowledge, and therefore is necessary for those who study jurisprudence, medicine, biology, philology, history, philosophy and other disciplines.
Since the Latin language today is not native to any nation, that is, it does not belong to the "living" ones, during the classes we will concentrate not on conversational practice, but on the translation and analysis of texts. The compilers of the course have made efforts to ensure that in the process of learning you learn to read, understand and translate with a dictionary both individual sentences and adapted prose texts. In the classroom, you will also master the ability to translate simple Russian sentences into Latin, which will help you better understand and consolidate the grammatical categories of the language being studied.
During the course, you will definitely get acquainted with the winged Latin expressions included in the treasury of world culture, as well as with the fate of Latin words in Russian and other European languages.
Requirements
Completed secondary education.
Course program
Introductory Lecture
I. 1. Alphabet. Reading Rules
2. Verb - general information. Basic forms, bases, personal endings of the active voice
3. Praesens indicativi activi. Imperativus praesentis activi. Prohibition forms
4. Noun - general information. Cases. first declension
5. Personal pronouns. reflexive pronoun
II 1. Second declension (masculine)
- 2. Second declension (neuter). neuter rule
3. Adjectives I-II declension. Possessive pronouns
4. Passive voice. Personal endings of the passive voice. Praesens indicativi passivi. Infinitivus praesentis passivi
5. Real and passive constructions. Ablativus auctoris. Ablativus instrumenti
III 1. Pronouns ille; iste; ipse
2. Imperfectum indicativi activi et passivi
3. The pronoun is, ea, id. Pronominal adjectives
4. Futurum primum indicativi acti et passivi
5. Prefixed verbs with “esse”
IV 1. Third declension: consonant type
2. Third declension: vowel type
3. Third declension: mixed type
3. Third declension: adjectives
4. Features of the third declension
5. Participium praesentis activi
V 1. Functions of the infinitive. Turnover Accusativus cum infinitivo (beginning)
2. Turn Nominativus cum infinitivo (beginning)
3. Perfectum indicativi activi
4. Participium perfecti passivi. Perfectum indicativi passivi
5. Pronouns qui, quae, quod
VI 1. Plusquamperfectum et futurum secundum indicativi activi et passivi.
2. Ablativus absolutus
3. Comparative degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs. Ablativus comparisonis.
4. Superlative degree of comparison of adjectives. Genetivus partivus
5. Fourth declension
VII 1. Fifth declension
2. Pronoun hic, haec, hoc
3. Participium futuri activi. Infinitives
4. Turnover Accusativus cum infinitivo (continued)
5. Numerals
VIII 1. Gerundium
2. Gerundivum as a definition
3. Coniugatio periphrastica. Descriptive conjugation.
4. Irregular verbs - eo, fero
5. Irregular verbs - volo, nolo, malo
IX 1. Modus coniunctivus - formation of forms
2. Coniunctivus in independent clauses
3. Student anthem "Gaudeamus"
4. The rule for setting tenses in subordinate clauses with a subjunctive
5. Indirect question
Learning Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, students will
Be able to:
1. Translate into Russian coherent adapted texts and individual sentences with a dictionary.
2. Translate simple sentences into Latin with a dictionary.
3. Use a Latin-Russian and Russian-Latin dictionary.
Know:
1. Fundamentals of Latin morphology.
2. Fundamentals of Latin syntax.
3. Fundamentals of grammatical terminology.
Own:
1. The skills of reading texts and setting stress.
2. Translation skills from Latin into Russian.
3. Translation skills from Russian into Latin.
Formed competencies
OK-1 - readiness for a critical understanding of the phenomena of social and cultural life; the ability to perceive, analyze, generalize information, set a goal and choose ways to achieve it
OK-2 - willingness to respect the historical heritage and cultural traditions, tolerantly perceive social and cultural differences
OK-3 - the ability to use basic knowledge in the field of humanitarian, social and economic sciences in cognitive and professional activities
OK-4 - possession of a culture of thinking, the ability to reasonably and clearly build oral and written speech
OK-5 - the ability to use computer skills in the social sphere, in cognitive and professional activities
PC-1 - the ability to demonstrate knowledge of the main provisions and concepts in the field of theory and history of literature (literatures) and the main language (languages) being studied, communication theory, philological analysis and text interpretation, an idea of the history, current state and prospects for the development of philology
PC-3 - possession of basic skills in collecting and analyzing literary and linguistic facts using traditional methods and modern information technologies
PC-6 - the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in the field of theory and history of literature (literatures) and the studied foreign language (languages), communication theory, philological analysis and text interpretation in their own research activities
PC-13 - proficiency in translating various types of texts (mainly scientific and journalistic) from a foreign language and into a foreign language; annotation and abstracting of scientific works and works of art in a foreign language
How I got the idea to take up Latin
A few years ago I decided to reread Dead Souls. Remember the footman Petrushka - Chichikov's servant from the famous Gogol poem? How he loved to read everything indiscriminately. The man was amazed at the great mystery: how is it that words suddenly come from letters? Great is the power of Gogol's word! I recently thought about this ridiculous description, and for some reason I had a very serious desire to learn languages. I decided that first I needed to learn Latin, the basis of several modern European languages.
And with what, actually, to begin? And how to learn a language: according to the available developed methods or according to your own understanding?
It would be nice to learn the language, as they say, "with mother's milk." For example, how did it happen with the 16th-century philosopher Montaigne, who in his childhood communicated only with a Latin teacher and did not hear anything around him except Latin, which became his native language. However, all this was unattainable for me, so there was only one option left - to “bite into the granite” of Latin on my own.
How did I start learning Latin?
I decided to come up with my own, albeit crude and clumsy, but my own methodology, and developed directly in the course of moving forward in learning the language.
And I didn’t think of anything smarter than to go through bookstores and buy the thickest translation dictionary from Latin into Russian.
I leafed through the dictionary for a long time and realized that it should not be approached mechanically. I began to consider words as entertaining pictures, puzzles or crossword puzzles. I tried to notice the similarities and differences, counted the number of letters, almost tried the word with a tooth. A week later, I began to understand how words are formed and what parts of speech they are made up of, and how a verb differs from a noun, a noun from an adjective, an adjective from an adverb, etc.
In the preface to any good thick dictionary there is an introductory chapter that talks about the rules of reading and pronunciation.
How I chose the textbook and additional literature
After playing with the dictionary for a week and getting the first idea about Latin, I download the textbook (self-tutor) I like on the World Wide Web. I also download several adapted books for reading (for example, 
"Notes on the Gallic War" by Caesar). I always select a textbook with keys and correct answers to language tasks.
Slowly, I get acquainted with each lesson of the textbook and diligently perform all the exercises. I write down the last in the largest notebook that I could find in the store. I divide the sheets of the notebook in half with a vertical line. On the left side I complete tasks, on the right side - corrections for my mistakes and incorrect answers. I write down, so to speak, the history of my "nonsense". For every mistake made on the left side of the notebook, I come up with a punishment for myself and draw a corresponding picture on the right side of the sheet - a blow with a stick, rods, a fist, a haircut, shaving off my mustache, etc. I punish myself not only in the picture, but also mentally. Then I graciously forgive myself. At the same time, mistakes made are very easy to remember, which will not be repeated in the future.
I keep the notebook in such a way that there is a lot of free space both between the lines and on the right side of the sheet. I use free spaces to write the correct sentences and words next to the mistakes. I paint unmistakable phrases and words up to 10 times until I remember.
I enjoy learning Latin
After diligently completing the course of the Latin textbook, I do the following. I read ancient Roman prose, for example, Julius Caesar's "Notes on the Gallic War" or the speeches of Mark Tullius Cicero.
When reading the same "Notes" of Caesar for the first time, I do not look into the dictionary, but try to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words in accordance with the context. I write the words that I understand in a notebook. I approach each word as having several meanings, as one of a whole "bundle", "family" of related words. I write this “bundle” in a notebook, using fantasy and looking at the same time in the dictionary. And for better memorization of words, I write them down with ballpoint pens of different colors.
How do I learn words
I start a separate notebook for the dictionary, which I develop carefully and diligently. What for? To make it easier to remember words. I divide the notebook page into three vertical parts. The left column is used to write a Latin word. The middle one is needed to write out all related words, that is, “bundles”. And I give the right column for drawings on the topic of the written word. Here, using my imagination, I imagine some unusual situations or scenes associated with a certain word. Having imagined such a situation, I clothe it in the form of a comic drawing. In the right column, in addition to the picture, I also write down the word association. For example, I accompany the word Latina (Latin) in the right column with the similar-sounding word "platinum", comparing the Latin language with the most precious metal; and to incunabulis (cradle) I attribute the Russian word "incubator" - a kind of cradle for chickens. Of course, this takes a lot of time, but the right word will be remembered for a lifetime.
I mentioned above that I write words with different colored pens. I will give a simple example: I write the adjective "black" in black. Red, blue, etc. - in the corresponding color.
What color to write, for example, the word brutus (heavy)? For some reason, I associate it with brown. What about the word acutus (sharp)? In my imagination, it turned bright red. Color associations are individual for each person. It was much more difficult when choosing verbs. For example, the verb edo (to eat) was written in green pen, imagining a vegetarian eating dill or parsley. I experienced the biggest difficulty in choosing a color with abstract words, for example, with the verbs decidere (decide) and aestimare (count). In this situation, without choosing a color, I limited myself to the right column, drawing a playful drawing in it.
After six months of compiling the dictionary, I already had a notebook with two thousand words and “connections” drawn up using the method described above. The notebook helped me master the necessary vocabulary.
How I came to audio courses
For three months I was engaged in oral speech according to the textbook. But then got into a mess, by accident 
meeting with a man who has mastered Latin well. He was a general practitioner, to whom I came as a patient. When the therapist wrote out the prescription, I, wanting to show off my knowledge of Latin, began to read the prescription. In response, I received a comment about poor pronunciation and advice to listen to audio materials. It turned out that the doctor is a great lover of Latin.
I realized the mistake, downloaded some educational audio materials and started listening to them every day. I felt that things were not going very well. Then I cut the audio recordings using computer software into separate sentences, then grouped the five repetitions of each sentence, and finally glued them back into a coherent audio recording. The result was an audio course with a large number of repetitions, which was what I needed.
It's been about two years since I started learning Latin on my own. It seems to me that I have achieved some success: I understand oral speech about half; Latin unadapted texts can be understood by seventy percent, the rest I translate with a dictionary. My pronunciation has improved, but not as much as I would like. That's why I'm still working on it. I think that learning a language is a long process, for years to come.
For those wishing to learn Latin, I would like to give some advice:
- I am not talking about diligence, perseverance and a great desire to learn Latin, just as I am not talking about the requirement of daily language lessons. It is clear to every person that these conditions are the most important;
- Many experts advise every day to engage in various forms of studying Latin - and lessons from a textbook, and reading fiction or other books, and listening to an audio course on a player or smartphone, and so on. I believe that this is not entirely correct. I prefer classes in a certain sequence according to the planned schedule - for example, study for two months only with a textbook, then devote the same amount of time to reading books, then listen to materials for three months in order to understand oral speech and develop pronunciation;
- Cramming is not worth doing, it will not work anyway. Let it be slow, but necessary to delve deeply into the educational material in order to understand, compare and present figuratively individual words and expressions;
- Do not only the tasks of the textbook, but come up with your own exercises. To do this, use all your imagination. For example, if you are moving around the city or the countryside, then I advise you to translate into Latin objects that come across along the way - shop signs, door signs, roadside banners, names of plants and animals, and the like;
- Still, some important auxiliary phrases that are not easy to master are not a sin to memorize. For example, Ab initio (from the beginning), Absque omni exceptione (without any doubt), and other similar phrases;
- Don't get discouraged when things don't go your way. Remember that you are bound to succeed! Viam supervadet vadens ("The one who walks will master the road").
Happy learning!!!
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE. WORD CHANGES. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF GRAMMAR.
The Latin language, like Russian, is inflectional: the connection of words in a sentence is determined by their form, i.e., the presence of inflection (ending) and suffix in each specific case.
Due to the inflectional nature, the Latin language belongs to the synthetic type of languages in which the word synthesizes (combines) lexical and grammatical meanings; word order in it is relatively free, as in Russian.
In contrast to the languages of the synthetic system (to which German also partially belongs), there are languages of the analytical system (for example, English and French), in which the role of inflections (endings) is minimal and the word is usually a carrier of only lexical meaning, and grammatical relations are determined mainly by various function words (auxiliary verbs, personal pronouns, prepositions, etc.), as well as word order in sentences.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction. Latin meaning 3
How the tutorial is built and what it teaches 8
What is Grammar 10
I part
I chapter 11
§ 1. Letters and their pronunciation (11). § 2. Combinations of vowels (13).
§ 3. Combinations of consonants (14). § 4. Longitude and shortness of vowels (number) (14). §5. Accent (15). Exercises (15).
II chapter 16
§ 6. Characteristics of the structure of the Latin language (16). § 7. Initial information about the noun (18). § 8.1 declination (20). § 9. The verb esse (to be) (22). § 10. Some syntactic remarks (22). Exercises (23).
III chapter 24
§eleven. Initial information about the verb (25). § 12. Characteristics of conjugations. General idea of the dictionary (basic) forms of the verb (26). § 13. Basic (dictionary) forms of the verb (28). § 14. Praes-ensindicativiactivi. Imperativus praesentis activi (29). § 15. Negatives with verbs (31). § 16. Preliminary explanations for the translation (32). Exercises (38).
IV chapter 40
§ 17. Imperfectum indicativi activi (40). § 18. II declension. General remarks (41). § 19. Nouns of the II declension (42). §twenty. Phenomena common to I and II declinations (43). § 21. Adjectives I-II declensions (43). § 22. Possessive pronouns (45). § 23. Accusativus duplex (46). Exercises (46).
V chapter 47
§ 24. Futurum I indicativi activi (48). § 25. Demonstrative pronouns (49). § 26. Pronominal adjectives (51). § 27. Ablativus loci (52). Exercise(53).
Test 54
VI chapter 56
§ 28. III declension. General information (57). § 29. Nouns of the III declension (59). § 30. Correlation of forms of indirect cases with the form of the nominative case (60). § 31. Gender of nouns of the III declension (62). § 32. Ablativus temporis (62). Exercises (63).
VII chapter 64
§ 33. Adjectives of the III declension (64). § 34. Participium praesentis activi (66). § 35. Nouns of the III declension of the vowel type (67). Exercises (68).
Articles to read 69
II part
VIII Chapter 74
§ 36. Passive voice. Form and meaning of verbs (74). § 37. The concept of active and passive constructions (76). § 38. Personal and reflexive pronouns (78). § 39. Features of the use of personal, reflexive and possessive pronouns (79). § 40. Some meanings of genetivus (80). Exercises (81).
Chapter 82
§41. The tense system of the Latin verb (82). §42. The main types of formation of perfect and supine stems (83). § 43. Perfectum indicativi acti (84). § 44. Supinum and its derivational role (86). § 45. Participium perfecti passivi (87). § 46. Perfectum indicativi passivi (88). Exercise (89).
X Chapter 90
§ 47. Plusquamperfectum indicativi activi and passivi (91). § 48. Futurum II indicativi activi and passivi (92). § 49. Relative pronoun (93). § 50. The concept of complex sentences (94). § 51. Participium futuri activi (95). Exercise (96).
Test 97
XI Chapter 99
§ 52. The verb esse with prefixes (99). § 53. Compound verb posse (101). § 54. Accusativus cum infinitivo (102). § 55. Pronouns in turnover ace. With. inf. (103). § 56. Forms of the infinitive (104). § 57. Definition in the text and methods of translation of turnover ace. With. inf. (105). Exercises (107).
XII Chapter 108
§ 58. IV declension (109). § 59. Verba deponentia and semidepo-nentia (110). § 60. Nominativus cum infinitivo (112). § 61. Ablativus modi (113). Exercises (114).
XIII Chapter 115
§ 62. V declension (115). § 63. Dativus duplex (116). § 64. Demonstrative pronoun hie, haec, hoc (117). Exercises (117).
XIV Chapter 118
§ 65. Degrees of comparison of adjectives (119). § 66. Comparative degree (119). § 67. Superlatives (120). § 68. Formation of adverbs from adjectives. Degrees of comparison of adverbs (121). § 69. Suppletive degrees of comparison (122). Exercise (124)
Articles to read 125
III part
XV Chapter 129
§ 70. Participle turnovers (129). § 71. Ablativus absolutus (130). §72. Definition in the text and ways of translating turnover abl. abs. (132). § 73. Ablativus absolutus without participle (133). Exercises (134).
XVI Chapter 135
§ 74. Numerals (136). § 75. The use of numerals (137). § 76. Definitive pronoun idem (138). Exercise (138).
XVII Chapter 139
§ 77. Forms of the conjunctiva (139). § 78. Meanings of the conjunctiva (142). § 79. Shades of the meaning of the subjunctive in independent sentences (143). § 80. Additional and target clauses (144). § 81. Relative clauses of the corollary (146). Exercises (147).
XVIII Chapter 148
§ 82. Forms of the conjunctiva of the perfect group (149). § 83. The use of the subjunctive of the perfect group in independent sentences (150). § 84. Consecutio temporum (150). §85. Relative clauses are temporary, causal and concessive (151). Exercises (153).
XIX Chapter 154
§ 86. Indirect question (154). Exercise (155).
Test 155
XX Chapter 159
§ 87. Conditional sentences (159). Exercise (160).
XXI Chapter 161
§ 88. Gerund and gerund (161). § 89. Use of the gerund (162). § 90. Use of the gerund (164). § 91. Signs of difference between gerund and gerund and comparison of their meanings with the infinitive (164). Exercises (165).
IV part
Selected passages from the works of Latin authors
C. Julius Caesar. Commentarii de bello Gallico 168
M. Tullius Cicero. Oratio in Catilinam prima 172
Cornelius Nepos. Marcus Porcius Cato 184
C. Plinius Caecilis Secundus Minor. Epistulae 189
Velleius Paterculus. Historiae Romanae libri duo 194
Eutropius. Breviarium historiae Romanae ab U. c 203
Antonius Possevinus. De rebus Muscoviticie 211
Alexander Gvagninus. Muscoviae descriptio 214
P. Vergilius Maro. Aeneis 224
Q. Horatis Flaccus. Carmen. Satira 230
Phaedrus. Fabulae 234
Pater Noster 237
Ave, Maria 237
Gaudeamus 238
Aphorisms, winged words, abbreviations 240
grammar guide
Phonetics 250
Morphology 250
I. Parts of speech (250). P. Nouns. A. Case endings (251). B. Patterns of Declensions (252). V. Nominativus in the third declension (252). D. Features of the declension of individual nouns (253). III. Adjectives and their degrees of comparison (254). IV. Numerals (254). V. Pronouns (257). VI. Verb. A. The formation of verb forms from three stems (259). B. Depositional and semi-depositional verbs (262). B. Insufficient verbs (262). D. Archaic verbs (out of conjugations) (262). VII. Adverbs (266). VIII. Prepositions (267). Simple Sentence Syntax 267
IX. Word order in a sentence (267). X. Use of cases (268). XI. Accusativus cum infinitivo (271). XII. Nominativus cum infinitivo (272). XIII. Ablativus absolutus (272). XIV. Gerundium. Gerundivum (272). XV. Meaning of the conjunctiva (272).
Complex sentence syntax 273
XVI. Unions. A. Composing (most common) (273). B. Subordinating (most common) (274). XVII. Cop-secutio temporum (274). XVIII. Subject clauses (275). XIX. Definitive clauses (275). XX. Definitive sentences with adverbial meaning (276). XXI. Additional subordinate clauses (276). XXII. Relative clauses of purpose (276). XXIII. Relative clauses of the corollary (277). XXIV. Temporal subordinate clauses (277). XXV. Causal clauses (278). XXVI. Concessive subordinate clauses (278). XXVII. Conditional clauses (279). XXVIII. Indirect question (279). XXIX. Indirect speech (279). XXX. Attractio modi (280). XXXI. Relative clauses with conjunctions ut, quum, quod (280).
Elements of word formation 282
Applications 287
About Roman names 287
About the Roman calendar 288
On Latin Versification 292
About notes 293
About etymology and vocabulary 294
Key to test papers 295
Latin-Russian Dictionary 298.
Latin is the oldest classical language in Europe. And although the scope of its use today is limited, Latin is still the object of teaching and study in many states. This is the official language of the Vatican, it is necessary for future doctors and lawyers to master it, without knowledge of Latin, historians and philologists cannot be imbued with the majesty of Horace's works.
A Russian-language project with a large amount of textual information divided into several blocks: "History of the language", "Lessons" (structured materials of the main textbook, answers to tasks, phrases in Latin), "Latin alphabet" (with an explanation of the pronunciation features). Classes are aimed at mastering the language rules - from phonetic to syntactic. The forms of parts of speech are analyzed in detail. Several lessons are supplemented with electives, for the passage of the latter there are texts in Latin in a separate section.
Website with easy navigation. Contains textual information divided into four sections. The first is a textbook, the texts of which are borrowed from the latrus 1.2 program. The second section is a self-instruction manual, the materials of which are taken from the website of the candidate of philological sciences Alexei Musorin. Both the textbook and the tutorial cover the basics of Latin, starting with the alphabet. The name of the block "Proverbs and sayings" speaks for itself, it is possible to search by phrases, words or parts of words. The "Dictionary" section provides translation both from Russian into Latin and vice versa.
A block of materials for independent learning of Latin, presented in the format of online lessons. The task of the portal is to help free of charge to learn languages in the absolute absence of initial knowledge. Classes are arranged according to the principle from simple (alphabet, stress rules) to complex (parts of speech, types of sentences). In total, 60 Latin lessons are posted, at the end of each, a task is offered on the topic covered. There are texts that allow you to consolidate the material covered in the lessons. Popular expressions and a small dictionary are placed in a separate section. A convenient option is the ability to ask questions that are answered either by other users or by professional linguists.
YouTube channel, the playlist of which includes 21 Latin video lessons. The duration of each lesson is an academic hour, i.e. 43-44 minutes.
The telecourse will allow you to get basic information about writing, the interaction of Russian vocabulary with Latin, the case system of the Latin language, and teach you how to build simple statements. The project was prepared by SSU TV, the teacher is Viktor Fedotov, Candidate of Historical Sciences. The channel is distinguished by its original presentation, the information is presented in the form of classical lectures with periodic text explanations.
Video tutorials by Svetlana Golovchenko. The videos are mainly aimed at physicians, some videos are devoted to the nuances of writing prescriptions, clinical terminology, and the names of chemical elements.
There are also general language classes, they deal with grammatical aspects. Depending on the topic, the duration of the stories varies from 3 to 20 minutes.
The videos are short lectures by the teacher, who supplements what has been said with written explanations on the board. An alternative solution for those who prefer living language to dryish texts.
A selection of open lectures on the Latin language from a teacher, a specialist in the field of classical philology Dmitry Novokshonov. The video was recorded in a lecture hall, but the quality of the shooting, including the sound component, is sufficient to obtain the required knowledge.
Novokshonov helps to understand the features of parts of speech (noun, adjective, verb), to overcome difficulties in learning Latin. The selection contains lectures from another teacher - Viktor Rebrik.
Transliteration online. The project is posted on the website of the Department of Classical Philology of the Belarusian State University. Using the functionality is simple: to get the transliteration (transcription) of Latin words and phrases in Russian, just enter them in a special window. You can process Latin characters of any case, as well as characters with accents. Sets of settings are provided that allow you to transliterate words according to traditional and classical canons, as well as according to the rules adopted in reading medical, biological, chemical terms.
Additional material suitable for consolidating knowledge and expanding horizons. It is presented in the form of presentations with voiceover commentary, so you can improve your pronunciation at the same time as you improve your vocabulary.
Online tests with the ability to change the settings for a specific Latin expert. You can independently set the number of questions (maximum - 83) and the number of answer options, choose the option to show the correct answer in case of an error. There is a choice of five difficulty levels: very easy, easy, medium, hard, very hard. All questions and answers are available for download in PDF format.
