Marks the burial place of victims of the revolutionary events of February 1917. The competition for his project was announced immediately after the funeral ceremony on April 5, 1917, as announced in Petrograd newspapers. The competition commission was composed of architects, artists and writers: I. A. Fomin, A. N. Benois, K. S. Petrov-Vodkin, M. V. Dobuzhinsky, I. Ya. Bilibin, A. A. Blok, A. M Gorky and A.V. Lunacharsky.
The commission received 11 sketches of the monument for discussion. One of them was a huge tetrahedral metal pyramid with a female figure on top - a symbol of the freedom of the Russian people. Another contender proposed creating a monument in the form of a giant cube, resting its corners on inverted truncated pyramids. Among others, there was a variant of the monument in the form of a high four-tier tower with built-in rooms. The competitors did not hesitate to imitate O. Montferrand, proposing to install a 32-meter-high column on the Champs de Mars. Most of the projects considered by the commission were disproportionate to the scale of the installation site and could distort the historical appearance of the center of St. Petersburg.
The best project was the project of the monument to the “Fighters of the Revolution” by the young architect Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev under the motto “Ready Stones”. Given the lack of finances, it turned out to be extremely effective to propose using the remains of the Greasy Buyan for the monument. The complex of barns on the Pryazhka River was dismantled back in 1913-1914 to expand the shipyard, after which huge granite blocks were left lying on the banks of the Neva.
The monument to the "Fighters of the Revolution" was unveiled on the Champ de Mars on November 7, 1919. On its eight corner slabs are carved epitaphs composed by the People's Commissar of Education A.V. Lunacharsky in the size of a hexameter. One of them:
Without knowing the names of all the heroes of the struggle for freedom who gave their blood the human race honors the nameless in memory and honor of all of them this stone has been placed for many years
The monument changed the original meaning of the Campus Martius. If in tsarist times military parades and folk festivals were held here, then under Soviet rule the square turned into a kind of pantheon. It is not for nothing that the Champ de Mars was officially called the Square of the Victims of the Revolution for some time.
On November 6, 1957, the first eternal flame in the USSR was lit in the center of the monument to the "Fighters of the Revolution". It was ignited with a torch lit in an open-hearth furnace at the Kirov plant. It was from this fire that the eternal flame was lit at the Piskarevskoye cemetery on May 9, 1960, and the eternal flame at the walls of the Moscow Kremlin on May 8, 1967. The design of the granite square around the flame was created by the architect S. G. Mayofis.
On November 14, 2003, after restoration, the monument to the “Fighters of the Revolution” was reopened, the eternal flame was again lit from the open-hearth furnace of the Kirov plant.
Located at: Tyumen, .
Installation date: 1957
Material: marble, cast iron.
Description
The monument consists of sculptures of two people with a flag and a weapon in their hands, located on a pedestal. On the front side of the pedestal are the words: “To the fallen fighters of the revolution from the working people of Tyumen.” On the back of the monument is the text: “1918. At Podyom station, 14 sailors and 4 Red Guards died at the hands of the White Guards.” Below is a list of 18 names. On the left side of the monument there is text: “1918. They died the death of the brave in battles with the whites at Vagai station.” Below is a list of 6 names. “Having blown up the armored car, they burned down with the singing of the international vol. Dulnis, Olberkh, Poltavtsev and 6 Red Guards." On the right side of the pedestal there is text: “1918. Killed in battle at the Zavodoukovskaya station. Potapov and Vasiliev, 30 Red Guards gave their lives in battles at the Ishim station. 1921 Provincial Commissar Indenbaum was brutally tortured with fists.”
Historical reference
On July 5, 1918, 48 bodies from the Vagai station (according to local historian A. Petrushin - 46 people, according to other sources - 9) and other battle sites were brought to Tyumen. Here the remains of the fallen heroes were buried with military honors in a mass grave in the garden laid out on Alexander Square. On July 9, 1918, the Tyumen City Council adopted a resolution to rename the square the Garden of the October Revolution; now it is the Revolution Fighters Square.
On July 15, 1918, the Red Guards who died at the Karman and Podem stations, where the White Guards tried to seize a section of the Tyumen-Ekaterinburg railway, were buried here. In the early 20s, a wooden monument in the form of a column, crowned with a Budenovka with a red star, was erected at the mass grave. A few years later the column was replaced with a wooden obelisk.
On the occasion of the fortieth anniversary of Soviet power, a creative competition was held for the best design of a monument to the Fighters of the Revolution. In 1957, sculptors Evgeny Gerasimov and Alexei Remizov (for some reason many sources do not indicate the second author) created a monument - first in plaster, then cast in cast iron at a machine tool plant. The inscriptions on the pedestal tell about the tragedy.
In 1984, the monument was restored: the damaged white pedestal was replaced with a new one, decorated with labradorite and thus making it noble dark. The sculpture was turned 90 degrees.
Text:
Once again about the monument to the fallen fighters of the revolution // Revival of the historical center of Tyumen. Tyumen in the past, present and future: scientific and practical materials. conf. / Inspectorate for the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments of Tyumen, Tyum. state University; resp. ed. V.V. Moskovkin. – Tyumen: Vector Buk, 2004. – P. 62-64.
Ivanenko, A. Monument to the Fighters of the Revolution // Ivaneko A. Walks around Tyumen / A. Ivanenko. – Tyumen, 2006. – pp. 55-56.
Roshchevskaya, L.P. Monument to fallen fighters of the revolution // Monuments and memorable places of the Tyumen region. – Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1980. – P. 114.
Address: West Field of Mars Passage.
🚇 metro station Nevsky Prospekt, metro station Gostiny Dvor.
The Field of Mars is a large square in the center of St. Petersburg.
The Campus Martius is a large field with wide paths. There is a lot of greenery here (grass, lilac bushes and other plants). In this regard, in hot weather people come here to relax, sit in the shade, in the fresh air. Unfortunately, there are few benches here, but in the summer visitors like to sit right on the grass. There are also few trees on the Champ de Mars. There is a large space here, covered with grass in the summer.
Champ de Mars 
In the central part of the Champ de Mars is located Memorial to the Victims of the Revolution, dedicated to the fallen revolutionaries (1917) and post-revolutionary fighters for the ideas of communism. An eternal flame burns here.
You waged war against wealth, power and knowledge for a handful and fell with honor so that wealth, power and knowledge would become the common lot.
By the will of the tyrants, peoples tormented each other. You stood up in working Petersburg and were the first to start a war of all the oppressed against all oppressors, in order to thereby kill the very seed of war.
1917-1918 wrote great glory in the annals of Russia, mournful bright years, your sowing will ripen in harvest for all who inhabit the earth.
Without knowing the names of all the heroes of the struggle for freedom who gave their blood, the human race honors the nameless. This stone was placed in memory and honor of all of them for many years.
He who fell for a great cause is immortal; among the people he lives forever who laid down his life for the people, worked, fought and died for the common good.
From the bottom of oppression, need and ignorance, you have risen, a proletarian, gaining freedom and happiness for yourself. You will make all of humanity happy and free it from slavery.
Not victims - heroes lie under this grave. It is not grief, but envy that your fate gives birth to in the hearts of all grateful descendants. In the red, terrible days you lived gloriously and died wonderfully.
The sons of St. Petersburg have now joined the host of great heroes of uprisings of different times who passed away in the name of life, the crowds of Jacobin fighters, the crowds of communards.
Memorial to the Victims of the Revolution 
Historical reference
At the beginning of the 18th century, to the west of the Summer Garden there was an undeveloped area, which was called “Amusement Field” or “Big”, and later “Tsaritsyn Meadow”. Military parades took place in the meadow. In 1798-1801, monuments to the commanders P. A. Rumyantsev (architect V. F. Brenna) and A. V. Suvorov (sculptor M. I. Kozlovsky) were erected there. In 1818, the Rumyantsev Obelisk was moved to Vasilyevsky Island, but the name Field of Mars was established for the square (similar to the Field of Mars in ancient Rome and Paris).
From 1918 to 1944, the Champ de Mars was called the Place des Victims of the Revolution.
The layout and landscaping of the Champ de Mars were carried out according to the project of Academician I. A. Fomin. The memorial complex in the center of the square was created by architect L. V. Rudnev. The following artists also worked on the memorial to the Victims of the Revolution: artists V. M. Konashevich and N. A. Tyrsa, the author of the texts was A. V. Lunacharsky.
The Memorial to the Victims of the Revolution was opened on November 7, 1919. Materials: pink and gray granite, forged metal.
Those killed in the February Revolution were the first to be buried on the Champ de Mars. Buried on the Field of Mars are Petrograd workers who died during the Yaroslavl uprising on July 6-21, 1918, participants in the defense of Petrograd from the troops of General N.N. Yudenich, as well as: Moses Solomonovich Uritsky - the first head of the Petrograd Cheka (killed on August 30, 1918 by Leonid Kannegiser ). The murder of Uritsky, along with the assassination attempt on V.I. Lenin, led to the beginning of the Red Terror. Several Latvian riflemen are buried here, including their commissar S. M. Nakhimson, as well as other dead revolutionaries and communists.
Until 1933, Soviet and party workers continued to be buried here.
In 1956, the Eternal Flame was lit in the center of the memorial.
Previously, the Amusing Field (Tsaritsina Meadows, Field of Mars) had a bad reputation. This swampy place was considered strange and unpleasant. They talked about mermaids frolicking on it, about howling sounds, and will-o'-the-wisps.
At the beginning of the 18th century, to the west of the Summer Garden there was an undeveloped area, which was called “Amusement Field” or “Big”, and later “Tsaritsyn Meadow”. Military parades took place in the meadow.
Then barracks were built here and on the Field of Mars there was a parade ground for the Pavlovsk regiment. It was dusty here and there were even dust devils)))
In memory of the founder of the regiment, the Pavlovians secretly recruited short, snub-nosed blonds or redheads. In the 19th century soldier’s song “The Crane” they sang about Pavlov’s soldiers:
Who are snub-nosed like calves?
These are Pavlovian guys.
When the meaning of the parade ground disappeared, the field fell into desolation again. Life here was in full swing only in winter - large slides were built here and people rode down them.
On holidays, “Amusement Parks” were opened and people rested here during the day. Tsaritsyn Meadow, which later became known as the Field of Mars, was the Maly Theater, or Knipper Theater.
It was located in a modest wooden building in the 90s of the 18th century... and it would have stood until the foundation collapsed and the beams collapsed, reflecting marching soldiers in the windows, if Nikolai Petrovich had not served as St. Petersburg Governor-General at that time Arkharov...
Once at a parade, Paul I, appreciating the monotonous beauty of the “infantry armies and horses,” casually remarked that the theater was perhaps out of place here. Arkharov, who hung on every tsar’s word, ordered his “Arkharovites” to demolish the theater. And overnight nothing remained of the Maly Theater. Nothing at all, the Arkharovites even leveled the ground. In the morning, all of St. Petersburg was discussing the amazing news: the Maly Theater had disappeared!
The disappearance of the Melpomene temple was reported to the emperor. Pavel got angry and called Arkharov for an explanation. History is silent about how Arkharov justified himself, but, alas, nothing could be corrected. The Maly Theater died, but Arkharov’s career also died. He was dismissed from office and sent to his estate... and he was a noble policeman...
At night, other strange, even mystical events happened here. In 1905, a gendarmerie non-commissioned officer was traveling with a detachment near the Champs de Mars. Hearing strange sounds from the darkness, the gendarme risked alone to check who was making noise there... and no one else saw him. In the morning, they only caught a frightened horse and a wrinkled gendarmerie cap with traces of an incomprehensible substance reminiscent of fish mucus.
The Champ de Mars hosted the world speed skating championship and the first international hockey match.
Not everyone knows that a theater with a hall for 2070 people almost appeared here. There were plans...
The opera house was to be built by the chief architect of the theaters of the imperial court, V.A. Shrötner. The facade of the theater was supposed to look at the Neva.
But it didn’t come true, and probably in vain. it's better than a cemetery in the city center.
Now everything is not scary anymore)))
Our shadows are strong in the evening...
People are walking and playing))) v-e-s-n-a...
Now the sand remains only in the center of the Champ de Mars.
Caught the sun in the lantern))
In the summer, flash mobs take place here - pillow fights))) Field of Mars, after all...
The lanterns here are pre-revolutionary, they moved from the Nikolaevsky Bridge. Now
Then a cemetery for revolutionaries was built here. It added a mystical horror to the stories about the dark secrets of the Field of Mars.
The first 180 coffins were lowered into the cursed ground on March 23, 1917, and burials continued here until the mid-30s. There are Finnish revolutionaries and Latvian riflemen here...
The last person buried was the secretary of the Leningrad City Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Ivan Gaza. After this, the cemetery was declared a historical monument.
The memorial complex in the center of the square was created by the architect L.V. Rudnev, who won a competition held in the spring of 1917.
Initially, the memorial was called “To the Heroes-Fighters for the Freedom of Russia who fell victims in this struggle” and was dedicated to the victims of the February Revolution.
The complex was completed in 1918 and was supplemented with texts carved on stones by A.V. Lunacharsky.
Rudnev, who (allegedly) was a member of the mystical sect of fans of Mictlantecuhtli (the god of the dead or the god of the underworld of the Indians of Central America), is also buried here.
Allegedly, Lev Vladimirovich Rudnev was very interested in esoteric knowledge, studied the cults of the dead, and he managed to unravel many of the secrets of eternal life. It was in this memorial monument to the victims of the revolution that he embodied the ideas of Aztec and Mayan mortuary temples. And they are now forever alive...
It is believed that everything was built according to Indian Feng Shui and this place is capable of accumulating the dark power of the dead, and the place itself is a portal through which you can get to the other world and even return back. Hallelujah! Just in case, I spit over my shoulder... at the cat (not on purpose, it just turned up).
In my youth, I laid flowers here after my wedding. I didn’t know about all the horrors yet. They say it's a bad omen))) - they say the truth...
This is me and my wife near the Champ de Mars... but let's go back to the field.
In the mid-1970s, Leningrad sociologist S.I. Balmashev studied the problems of modern marriage and was surprised to find out that the leader in divorce was the Dzerzhinsky district of the city. Here, for every thousand registered marriages, there were up to six hundred broken families per year, which is significantly higher than in other areas.
Moreover, most divorces occurred immediately after marriage and the main reason was drunkenness or the commission of a crime with the conviction of one of the spouses.
Puzzling over this phenomenon, Balmashev researched everything he could and found no explanation for it, except that all those getting married necessarily laid flowers at places of military and labor glory.
Each of the sixteen registry offices had its own place for conducting the new Soviet rite. And the Dzerzhinsky district received the Field of Mars.
Balmashev even found women who claimed that on the Champ de Mars some shabby and unnaturally pale guy joined the wedding processions.
He appeared from nowhere and just as suddenly disappeared, as if dissolving into thin air... and then someone died or went astray in their brains.
Balmashev made a report at an extended meeting of the city party activists and they did not forgive him for this. It was considered ideological sabotage to link the happiness of newlyweds with laying flowers on the graves of revolutionaries. Balmashev was exposed in the press, expelled from the party and kicked out in disgrace from the institute where he had worked for twenty years...
In May 1936, to the psychiatric department of the hospital. The trout was delivered by the worker Patrushev. The ambulance took him straight from the Champ de Mars, where he suddenly went crazy.
Patrushev was in good standing and worked at a factory. In the evening, he bought a quarter of vodka at the store and on the way home decided to have a cultural rest on a bench, not far from the monument to the fallen fighters of the revolution.
He was about to begin when he saw a small, swollen boy with sunken eyes standing next to him, from whom a sickening smell emanated.
Patrushev managed to shout “Get lost, evil spirits!” - but the zombie rushed at him and bit him on the hand. Patrushev tried to push him away and the boy crumbled into dust before his eyes. The boy was actually buried here - the young artist-agitator Kotya Mgebrov-Chekan.
People came running to the worker’s heartbreaking screams and called the doctors. Psychiatrist Andrievich frankly admitted that he had never encountered such a case of insanity in such a short period of time in his practice. Three days later, Patrushev died from general blood poisoning.
Category of historical and cultural significance
Federal significance
Object type
Ensemble
Basic typology
Monument of urban planning and architecture, Historical monument
Creation date information
Facility address (location)
St. Petersburg, Field of Mars
Name, date and number of the decision of the government authority to place the object under state protection
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the list of objects of historical and cultural heritage of federal (all-Russian) significance located in St. Petersburg" No. 527 dated July 10, 2001.
Description of the subject of protection
Volume-spatial and planning solution of the territory: location of the memorial complex on the territory bounded from the north by Millionnaya Street, from the east by Embankment. Lebyazhya Canal, from the south - embankment. R. Moika, from the west - the Field of Mars; composition of the object: 1. Memorial; 2. Parterre garden; 3. Mass graves of those killed during the February and October revolutions, during the Civil War; 4. Graves of participants in the Civil War, leaders of the Communist Party and the Soviet state; historical volumetric-spatial composition, including the location of the memorial, the parterre garden, 16 floor lamps, visual connections with the water area of the river. Neva, r. Moika, Summer Garden, Trinity Bridge, Field of Mars. I. Memorial, 1917-1919, architect. Rudnev L.V., art. Konashevich V.M., 1957, architect. Mayofis S.G. (reconstruction) Volume-spatial solution and structural system: a square memorial composition made of stone blocks - material (red ovoid granite (rapakivi), construction (stepped), surface treatment of the blocks (bush hammering); eight (two on each side) monument) granite steles on the base, with a semi-circular completion; paving with granite slabs along the outer and inner perimeter of the walls and the central platform; eight granite blocks on consoles decorating the ends of the walls, the nature and content of the inscriptions (text author - A.V. Lunacharsky); twelve tombstone granite slabs - location, dimensions, configuration (rectangular), nature and content of tombstone inscriptions; stylized, square in plan, bowl of eternal fire - material (granite, metal). II. Parterre garden, 1920-1923, architect. Fomin I.A., garden master Katzer R.F. Volumetric-spatial solution and planning solution: historical volumetric-spatial composition of the parterre garden; historical regular, four-part layout with a central alley and platform; the design of garden paths is made of red granite stones on a crushed stone base; the corners of the intersection of diagonal alleys are decorated with solitaire plantings; the perimeter along the western, eastern and southern boundaries of the garden is decorated with alleys of molded trees; the corners of the lawns are secured with ornamental shrubs; historic lawn fencing; 16 floor lamps (moved from the Blagoveshchensky Bridge) - location (central area of the garden), historical dimensions, material (cast iron, glass), architectural and artistic solution (column, channeled in the upper part and decorated with a belt of acanthus leaves, with a base in the form octagonal cabinet); park lanterns - dimensions, configuration, historical artistic design (metal pole, decorated with cast iron couplings, on a cast iron pedestal, with a lamp in the form of a glass ball on a cast iron rosette); garden sofas on cast iron legs, with seats made of wooden beams, color (white - seats, black - legs). Plantings: historical species composition of plantings: English oak, small-leaved linden, common and Hungarian lilac (various varieties), common barberry, willow; historical flower decoration along the central alley (decorative ridges and peony plantings). III. Mass graves of those killed during the February and October revolutions, during the Civil War Volumetric-spatial solution: historical location on the territory of the memorial (No. 1 on the plan). IV. Graves of participants in the Civil War, figures of the Communist Party and the Soviet state. Volumetric-spatial solution: historical location on the territory of the memorial (No. 1 on the plan).
