Read also

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the USSR Minister of Defense 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Uniform of marshals and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and military personnel over conscript service

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the USSR Minister of Defense 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Marshals' clothing Soviet Union

, army generals, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term military personnel

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the USSR Minister of Defense 191 Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS Section II. MILITARY UNIFORM Chapter 1. Uniform of Marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers and sergeants of long-term service of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of female officers MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVICEMEN in peacetime I. GENERAL PROVISIONS II. MILITARY UNIFORMS Uniforms of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Uniforms of admirals and generals Navy

Uniform of officers of the Soviet Army Uniform of female officers of the Soviet Army MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM BY SERGEANTS, Sergeants-Major, SOLDIERS, SAILORS, CADETS AND TRAINERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions

. Uniform for long-term service sergeants. Uniform for conscript sergeants and long-term and conscript soldiers.

Uniform for military school cadets. Suvorov students' clothing uniform Chapter I General provisions Chapter II Types of naval uniforms and their use Chapter III On wearing items of naval uniform Chapter IV Wearing sportswear and civilian clothes

Continuity and innovation in modern military heraldry The first official military heraldic sign was established on January 27, 1997 by Presidential Decree Russian Federation emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the form of a golden double-headed eagle with outstretched wings, holding a sword in its paws, as the most general symbol armed defense of the Fatherland, and the wreath is a symbol of the special importance, significance and honor of military labor. This emblem was established to indicate ownership

Military uniform Soviet army items of uniform and equipment for military personnel of the Soviet Army, formerly called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the Red Army, as well as the Rules for wearing them in the period from 1918 to 1991, established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the Soviet Army.

Article 1. The right to wear military uniforms is available to military personnel on active military service in the Soviet Army and Navy, Suvorov students,

Military uniforms, which include all items of uniform, equipment, and insignia established by the highest government bodies for personnel of the state’s armed forces, not only make it possible to determine the affiliation of military personnel to the types and branches of the military, but also to distinguish them by military rank. The uniform disciplines military personnel, unites them into a single military team, helps to improve their organization and strict performance of military duties. Oleg Volkov, reserve senior lieutenant, former commander

1. KACK TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE The marching equipment of Fig. 5-9 of the fighter - infantry shooter is divided into a full camping equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a rack, and b Assault, when a backpack with a rack of wearables no reserves are taken.

ASSEMBLY AND FITTING ASSAULT EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in sequence order, winding them up

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING UNIFIED MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL order of the USSR RVS 183 1932 1. General provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the Red Army is supplied for supply in one size, designed for the greatest growth of the command personnel and wear on top overcoats and warm workwear, leather clothing, fur clothing with waist and shoulder belts in three sizes 1

MAIN QUARTERMAN DIRECTORATE OF THE RED ARMY INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FIT, ASSEMBLY AND WEARING MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY FIGHTER MILITARY PUBLISHING DATE NPO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Types of equipment and composition of the kit III. Equipment fit IV. Stowing equipment V. Making an overcoat roll VI. Assembling equipment VII. Procedure for donning equipment VIII. Instructions for operating equipment IX.

So, the unloading system of the Soviet motorized rifle of the 1950 model is a system of a field belt and a soldier’s field belt for conveniently carrying equipment when performing combat training missions. In common parlance it is called unloading. The field belt is canvas, covered with brown polystyrene and has a galvanized buckle, sometimes mistakenly called a construction battalion belt, but this is incorrect - this is a field belt model 1950. The soldier's belt consists of

Each army has its own system of military ranks. Moreover, rank systems are not something frozen, established once and for all. Some titles are abolished, others are introduced. Those who are at all seriously interested in the art of war and science need to know not only the entire system of military ranks of a particular army, but also to know how the ranks of different armies relate, what ranks of one army correspond to the ranks of another army. There is a lot of confusion in the existing literature on these issues,

Private 1939 Private Infantry 1939 At the beginning of World War II, the Soviet Union had largest army in Europe its population was estimated at 1.8 million. Supplying such a mass of people with uniforms and equipment was a truly monumental task, and so government factories could only maintain tried and tested methods that guaranteed a steady supply. As a result, the majority of Soviet soldiers wore uniforms

Lieutenant 1941 Air Force Lieutenant 1941 This fighter pilot wears a pre-war leather flight coat and flight helmet. Pay attention to the insignia on the buttonholes. Junior officers wore red enamel squares, lieutenant two squares, and a propeller with wings emblem. By the time the Germans invaded the territory of the USSR, the Red Army Air Force was experiencing a painful reorganization, the commanders tried to find

Sailor 1939 Navy Sailor 1939 The uniform of the USSR Navy as a whole differed little from the clothing of sailors of other countries, although it had two distinctive features. Firstly, only in the Soviet Navy did senior officers wear a traditional uniform with a cap, and secondly, the naval uniform combined blue and black colors. The officers wore a black uniform, which included a cap, jacket with a white shirt and black

Front-line soldier Corporal 1 in a 1943 model uniform. Rank insignia from the buttonholes was transferred to shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. At about the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in large quantities to the troops. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on the waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum

Military uniform is clothing established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each branch of the military. The form symbolizes the function of its wearer and his affiliation with the organization. The stable phrase honor of the uniform means military or generally corporate honor. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,

In the North Caucasus, three types of Cossack units were stationed and carried out military service: Terek, Kuban and Don. In 1936 By order of the USSR NKO 67, a special dress uniform was established for these units. For the Terek and Kuban Cossacks it consisted of a kubanka, a beshmet, a Circassian coat with a hood, a burka, trousers and Caucasian boots. The Don Cossacks wore a hat, a Cossack jacket, trousers and boots as their dress uniform.

Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army back in 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but it became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage suits and capes of spotted color, spots in the shape of amoebas and were secretly called amoeba in four color schemes: summer, spring-autumn, desert and for mountainous areas. In a separate row are white camouflage coats for winter camouflage. Much more mass produced.

Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army. Name, article Fabric composition Color Application Diagonal merino art. 1408 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, jackets and breeches of generals Gabardine merino art. 1311 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals

In the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army, in the summer they wore ankle boots, also known as boots, and in the cold winter they were issued felt boots. In winter, senior command personnel could wear burka winter boots. The choice of shoes depended on the rank of the serviceman; officers were always entitled to boots and on the position they held.

Summer uniform of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943.

SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT STAFF OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941.

The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton fabric with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, khaki-colored buttonholes with insignia are sewn.

The gymnast has a chest plate with a clasp

Winter uniform of the Red Army 1940-1945. OVERCOAT Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR 733 dated December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat cloth. Turn-down collar. Concealed clasp with five hooks. Welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. At the back, the fold ends in a vent. The strap is fastened to the posts with two buttons. The overcoat for command and control personnel was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR

TABLE OF RANKS USSR MILITARY SERVICE 1935-1945 1935 1 By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935, on the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army and on the approval of the regulations on serving as command and command personnel of the Red Army for military personnel of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army, command and special military ranks of commander were established composition Military ranks of command and control personnel of land and air forces

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. Detailed analysis history of patches and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the Voenpro material. Introduction of sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbolism Distinctive sleeve insignia are used to identify military personnel of certain branches of the military. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend

Black Death is what German soldiers called the Soviet marines dressed in black pea coats during World War II. And the Germans perceived the incomprehensible battle cry of the half-under as fall under. When the Marines were dressed in a combined arms uniform, the soldiers kept their vests and caps and went into the attack wide open and wearing bellies, biting the ribbons in their teeth. Let the enemies see who they are dealing with. Story Marine Corps Already in the second half of the 16th century, as part of ship crews

The first mass-produced Soviet steel helmet, the SSh-36, appeared in the Red Army in 1936, and by the end of the year it became obvious that it had a lot of shortcomings. The most important of them were the fragility of steel and low bullet resistance in bending areas. Attempts to improve the helmet led to the appearance of a number of experimental models, some of which underwent military testing.

Red Army soldiers at the parade wearing steel helmets SSh-36. http forum.guns.ru In June Metal helmets, widely used in the armies of the world long before our era,

The abundance of uniforms and equipment accepted for supply in the Red Army led to the fact that tankers, even within the same military unit or unit, could be equipped differently. The commanders of the light tanks of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht shown in the photo look like thousands of tankers looked on the first day of the war. Whenever possible, the most common variants of uniforms and equipment are indicated in the descriptions, but, of course, the material cannot claim to be exhaustive.

The image shows two Red Army infantrymen, a Red Army soldier on June 22, 1941, and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how uniforms and equipment were simplified over time; some turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, some did not catch on, some were not liked by the soldiers and were removed from supply. On the contrary, individual elements of equipment were spied on by the enemy or taken as trophies.

It's not all about item placement Afghanka is a slang name used by some military personnel to name a set of field summer winter uniforms for military personnel Armed Forces USSR, and later the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and CIS countries. The field one was later used as an everyday uniform due to poor supply of military uniforms for the military personnel of the Soviet Army and the USSR Navy, the Marine Corps, coastal missile and artillery troops and the naval air force, in initial period

used in SAVO and OKSVA

Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from that of the Soviet Ground Army. Unless it’s green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and the more frequent and widespread use of KLMK camouflage summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of special field uniforms, some changes occurred, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits of a hitherto unusual cut. 1.

From left to right Summer parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force - for the formation. The winter parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force is out of order. Summer parade of marshals and generals of the Air Force - for and out of formation. Summer ceremonial dress for marshals and generals in the Air Force - blue cap and trousers. Summer casual for marshals and generals - out-of-order trousers. Summer field marshals and generals

Official insignia of military personnel of the Red Army 1919-1921. With the coming of the Russian Communist Party to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, based on the thesis of K. Marx on the replacement regular army universal arming of the working people, led active work on liquidation imperial army Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, by the decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars on the elective beginning and organization of power in the army and on the equal rights of all military personnel, all military ranks were abolished

Insignia of Red Army military personnel by rank, 1935-40. The period under consideration covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935, personal military ranks were established for all military personnel, which strictly correlated with the positions held. Each position has a specific title. A military personnel may have a rank lower than that specified for a given position, or corresponding. But he can't get

Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943. The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army is abbreviated as the RKKA, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of the Second World War, oddly enough, was met in a military uniform of the 1925 model. The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms and insignia. The old official ranks were partially retained for military-political, military-technical.

PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE GROUND AND NAVAL FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the ground and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for the naval forces Red Army dated September 22, 1935. Announced by order People's Commissar Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Rank and command personnel Political composition

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the USSR for personnel of the Soviet Army. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held on. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most of the world's navies, shoulder straps were not used, and rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve; sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia shoulder straps

Uniforms of the Red Army Headdresses of the Red Army Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia

This attribute of military equipment has earned its rightful place among others, thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The name helmet itself comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. If you believe the encyclopedias, then this term refers to a leather or metal headdress used to protect the head by military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,

Title From Bogatyrka to Frunzevka There is a version in journalism that Budenovka was developed back in the First world war In such helmets, the Russians were supposed to march in a victory parade through Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But the documents clearly show the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic approved a sample of a winter headdress - a helmet,

June 3, 1946 in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by I.V. Stalin, the Airborne Troops were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. The sleeve insignia on the right sleeve of those walking in the first rank is visible. The decree ordered the Chief of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces together with commander of the Airborne Forces prepare proposals

Emblem Airborne troops- in the form of a parachute surrounded by two planes - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of all symbols of airborne units and formations. This sign is not only an expression of the serviceman’s belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, intelligent, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne Forces

Backpack of a Red Army soldier 1. BACK MARKING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE Marching equipment Fig. 5-9 of a fighter - infantry arrow is divided into a full traveling equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a layout, and b Assault, when a backpack It is not taken into account when laying out portable supplies. ASSEMBLY AND FITTING ASSAULT EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in order of sequence:

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING UNIFIED MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL OF THE RKKA order of the RVS USSR 183 1932 1. General provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the Red Army is supplied in one size, designed for the greatest growth of the command personnel and wear on top overcoats and warm workwear, leather uniforms, fur clothing with waist and shoulder belts in three sizes 1 size, namely 1 Equipment

From buttonholes to shoulder straps P. Lipatov Uniforms and insignia of the Red Army ground forces, internal troops NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a 1935-style uniform. Around the same time, the Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army

The Soviet system of insignia is unique. This practice cannot be found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government; the rest of the order was copied from the rules of the army insignia of Tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were later replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the figures: triangles, squares, rhombuses under a star,

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from penetrating the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate

In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was a highest rank of generalissimo. However, during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, not a single person was awarded this title except Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. That this person should be awarded the highest military rank , asked the proletarian people themselves for all their services to the Motherland. This happened after unconditional surrender

Nazi Germany in 1945. Soon the working people asked for such an honor

We will have to start the story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army with some general questions. In addition, a short excursion into the history of the Russian state will be useful so as not to formulate empty references to the past. The shoulder straps themselves represent a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders to indicate a position or rank, as well as the type of military service and service affiliation. This is done in several ways: attaching strips, sprockets, making gaps, chevrons.

The era, a couple of decades long, which begins after the Bolsheviks came to power, was marked by numerous changes in the life of the once former Empire. The reorganization of almost all structures of peaceful and military activities turned out to be a rather lengthy and controversial process. In addition, from the course of history we know that immediately after the revolution, Russia was overwhelmed by a bloody civil war, which was not without intervention. It is difficult to imagine that initially the ranks

Even during World War II, squads of Marines struck terror into German soldiers. Since then, the latter have been given a second name: black death or black devils, indicating inevitable reprisals against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname has something to do with the fact that the infantryman wore a black peacoat. Only one thing is known for certain: if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion’s share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered a symbol of the Marine Corps

Considering all stages of the creation of the Russian armed forces, it is necessary to dive deeply into history, and although in the times of the principalities we are not talking about Russian Empire and even more so about the regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the 13th century, Rus' was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection against outside attacks.

United Army

Even before the First World War, a uniform appeared in the Russian army, consisting of khaki trousers, a tunic shirt, an overcoat and boots. We have seen it more than once in films about the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Soviet uniform from World War II. Since then, several uniform reforms have been carried out, but they mainly affected only the dress uniform. The edgings, shoulder straps, and buttonholes in the uniforms changed, but the field uniform remained virtually unchanged.

Bodies and Internal Troops of the NKVD 1935-1937.

The Red Army used two types of buttonholes: everyday color and field protective. There were also differences in the buttonholes of the command and command staff, so that the commander could be distinguished from the chief.

Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the USSR NKO 253 of August 1, 1941, which abolished the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of completely green khaki color

Soviet mountain riflemen in an ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Based on the significant combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the GUBP Ground Forces of the Red Army took up a radical solution to the issues of providing the latest weapons and equipment to the Soviet infantry. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing combined arms commanders.

At this meeting, presentations were made by

Various types of small arms and bladed weapons that were in service with the partisans. Captured weapons of the partisans. Various independent alterations of Soviet and captured weapons. Actions of the partisans behind enemy lines; damage to power lines, posting propaganda leaflets, reconnaissance, destruction of traitors. Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower, Explosions of bridges and railway tracks, methods As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all ranks and military ranks in the Russian army remaining from the previous regime.

The period of formation of the Red Army. The first insignia. Thus, all soldiers of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918, no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for soldiers of the Red Army. On June 30, 1941, hastily finalized in connection with Germany's unexpected attack on the USSR, this information was announced by a circular from the chief quartermaster for the information of the entire Red Army. However, at this moment, the first priority was not supplying the front, but rescuing front-line supplies from those areas where the troops were retreating.

The beginning of the war turned out to be Red Army uniforms 1918-1945 are the fruit of the joint efforts of a group of enthusiastic artists, collectors, researchers who give their all free time and funds in tribute to one common idea for them. Recreating the realities of the era that troubles their hearts makes it possible to get closer to a truthful perception of the central event of the 20th century, World War II, which undoubtedly continues to have a serious impact on modern life

. Decades of deliberate distortion our people have endured We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, and attention will be paid to changes in the form Soviet soldier

that occurred in 1943. An Air Force senior sergeant with his father, who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one looks dirty

In the first days. Following the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks began to form armed detachments from manual labor proletarians, sailors of the Tsarist Navy and deserters of the Imperial Russian army. These units became known as the Red Guard. The official date of the creation of the Red Army is considered to be February 23, 1918. Until 1946, the armed forces were officially called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Red Army, since 1946 Soviet Army. Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12 he worked as a saddler's apprentice, and when he turned 18 he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during civil war

, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn later - Stalingrad, and in 1919 he joined the CPSU b and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925, Chuikov graduated

Human rights activist Olga Romanova was the first to draw attention to the announcement, writing about it on her Facebook page.
The set includes a tunic, riding breeches, and cap. Additionally, you can order a belt, holster, leather boots and other costume details. “The uniform is intended for military reenactments, role-playing games, celebrations of Victory Day, theatrical performances, photo shoots”, says the ad.

The product description says in all seriousness that such a new thing will allow for historical reconstructions and... (!!) ROLE GAMES.
We quote this masterpiece of marketing:
"Military uniform of an NKVD officer, model 1943, for boys. The set includes:
- a khaki-colored tunic with cornflower blue piping on the sleeves,
- dark blue breeches with cornflower blue piping,
- cap with a star
Additionally you can order:
- two-pin belt,
- holster,
- sword belt,
- leather boots,
- shoulder straps
The uniform is intended for military reenactments, role-playing games, celebrations of Victory Day, theatrical performances, and photo shoots."

Photo caption - NKVD officer defending the Fatherland.

It would also be nice for all buyers to be given a reminder about from whom and how the NKVD soldiers defended the Fatherland. Among the terrible enemies of the Motherland was, for example, Misha Shamonin, who was shot at the Butovo training ground at the age of 13. And not just by mistake, but according to the law, which allowed the NKVD to imprison and kill children from the age of 12.

Misha Shamonin was shot at the Butovo training ground at the age of 13

For complete clarity, children of degenerates can be presented, along with the uniform, with a set of working tools of the “Defender of the Fatherland” from the NKVD - a light machine gun (for firing at friendly forces in barrage detachments), a hammer (for breaking fingers and other parts of the body during interrogations), a rubber apron and boots (so that enemy blood does not splatter your new uniform) and a flask with imitation vodka (this is for members of the firing squad playing “role-playing games”).

On the seller’s page you can buy other children’s costumes for Victory Day, for example, “children’s border guard uniform”, “military uniform for girls”, “USSR parachute helmet and goggles”, children’s padded jacket, Marine Corps uniform, Airborne Forces uniform, children’s border guard beret and much more other.
In comments to the product, users express surprise at why the store decided to sell “executioner uniforms.”

However, other buyers respond that “history is a complex thing, and it cannot be painted only in black and white.”

Why not sell Gestapo uniforms for children then?

Information about the author of the article
Major of the Internal Troops Vlasenko Valery Timofeevich. Born in 1949. He served in the Internal Troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs for 22 years, then served in the police. Total length of service: 35 years.

Was on business trips in Nagorno-Karabakh and Chechnya.

First we need to remind you what the internal troops of the NKVD were like by 1937.

In 1937, the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Security (GUPVO NKVD) was renamed the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR.
On February 2, 1939, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted the Resolution "On the reorganization of the management of border and internal troops", according to which the Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR was divided into six main departments:
- Main Directorate of Border Troops of the NKVD of the USSR;
- Main Directorate of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures;
- Main Directorate of the USSR NKVD troops for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises;
- Main Directorate of Convoy Troops of the NKVD of the USSR;
- Main Directorate of Military Supply of the NKVD of the USSR;

- Main Military Construction Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR.
November 20, 1939 By order of the NKVD of the USSR, the “Regulations on the escort troops of the NKVD of the USSR” were introduced.

They carried out tasks of escorting persons in custody and provided external security for individual prisons. This Regulation provided for wartime tasks related to the escort and protection of prisoners of war.
I should note that the escort troops carried out their functions mixed with the paramilitary guards of the Gulag (VOKHR GULAG NKVD).
Some places of detention were guarded by soldiers of convoy units, others by military personnel.
Below we will discuss the uniform and insignia:

-troops of the NKVD of the USSR for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises,

- NKVD troops for the protection of railway structures, - NKVD escort troops.

In the picture, servicemen of the NKVD troops in the uniform of 1937. On the left is a Red Army soldier in summer uniform, in the center is an infantry lieutenant of the NKVD troops in winter uniform, on the right is a senior political instructor of the NKVD troops in a jacket.

So, below we will talk about uniforms and insignia:
-rifle units and formations of internal troops of the NKVD,
- units and divisions of the NKVD of the USSR for the protection of especially important industrial enterprises,
- units and divisions of the NKVD for the protection of railway structures,
- convoy units and divisions of the NKVD.

For all these units and formations, the uniform and insignia are exactly the same, and almost completely, with the exception of some elements and colors of the buttonholes, coincide with the uniform of the Red Army.
For brevity in the text, we will call them “NKVD troops.”

It should be noted that if in the NKVD troops all military personnel bore ranks and insignia identical to the army, then NKVD employees (various types of departments, institutions, etc.) bore ranks with the prefix either “...internal service” or "....state security." For example, “internal service captain”, “state security sergeant”. This means that the employee has this title only while he is working in the NKVD system and his title is, so to speak, “for internal use.” But a serviceman of the NKVD troops retains his rank in all cases in the same way as a serviceman of the Red Army. Simply put, the difference between a lieutenant of the Red Army and a lieutenant of the NKVD troops is only that one is subordinate to the NKO, and the second to the NKVD.

Resolution of the Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated July 10, 1937 personnel NKVD troops were transferred to the system of insignia adopted by the Red Army.

In pursuance of this resolution of the NKVD of the USSR, on July 15, 1937, Order No. 278 was issued, in accordance with which the following changes were introduced in the uniform:

A cap with a light blue crown instead of blue;
- in the previous color of the tunic, the collar and sleeve cuffs were trimmed with crimson piping;
- instead of a jacket, a jacket made of khaki woolen fabric with chest patch pockets and six fastener buttons was introduced; there was crimson piping on the collar and cuffs of the sleeves;
- the untucked trousers were now also khaki, and not dark blue.

The color of the buttonholes and the edging remained the same (maroon field and crimson edging), only the longitudinal strip in the center disappeared.
The maroon buttonholes of middle, senior and high command personnel did not have a colored edging, but were trimmed along the edge with narrow golden braid (3 mm wide), similar to the Red Army
The maroon buttonholes of the middle, senior and senior commanding personnel (political, technical, administrative, economic, medical, veterinary personnel, justice) had, like those of the junior commanding and commanding personnel and privates, a crimson edging.

The sizes of buttonholes on tunics and overcoats have decreased slightly compared to 1933:
the buttonholes on the tunic had the shape of a parallelogram, 10 cm long and 3.25 cm high;
The buttonholes on the overcoat were in the shape of a diamond with rounded concave upper sides with a buttonhole height of 11 cm and a width of 8.5 cm.

Insignia for junior command and command personnel from one to four triangles measuring 1x1cm made of copper coated with dark red enamel.
Insignia for middle command and command personnel: two or three squares (commonly referred to as “cubes” or “cubes”), 1x1cm in size, made of copper coated with dark red enamel.
Badges of senior command and command staff from one to three rectangles (commonly called “sleepers”) made of copper measuring 1.6x0.7 cm, coated with dark red enamel.
The insignia for senior command and command personnel were diamonds 1.7 cm high and 0.8 cm wide, made of copper coated with dark red enamel; number from one to four diamonds.

Wearing the emblems of military branches and services in their buttonholes was mandatory for everyone except political personnel.

In the Red Army things were somewhat different. The main types of troops - infantry and cavalry - did not have emblems at all. Specialists—tankers, signalmen, artillerymen, etc.—were distinguished from the main branches of the armed forces by their emblems.

Besides:
* middle, senior and senior command staff of the NKVD troops wore rank chevrons on the sleeves above the cuff (cuff) similar to those adopted in the Red Army,
*military-political personnel of the NKVD troops wore commissar stars on their sleeves above the cuff (one star regardless of rank),
*the rest of the middle, senior and highest command staff (technical, medical, veterinary, quartermaster (administrative and economic), legal) of the NKVD troops did not have any insignia on their sleeves.

From the author. The colors of the buttonholes and insignia of military personnel of the internal troops of the NKVD and employees of the NKVD bodies (and the GB bodies that were part of the NKVD system) were completely the same. The difference was that all military personnel of the NKVD troops wore emblems, including the main units - infantry and cavalry. But employees of the NKVD and state security agencies did not wear emblems.

None. Like commissars in the army. But state security officers wore the 1935 GB badge on both sleeves above the elbow.

The emblems for the branches of the NKVD troops were installed as follows:
Here you should pay attention to the following points:
1. The emblems in the buttonholes are worn by all rank and file, command and command personnel, except for the military-political personnel.
2. All military-technical personnel in all branches of the military wear a single emblem “engineering and technical personnel”.
3.The emblem of doctors is golden, and that of veterinarians is silver. Everyone else's is golden.
4. The cavalry emblem is worn differently from how it will be worn in the Red Army cavalry when it is introduced there in 1943. In the cavalry of the NKVD troops, the emblem is with the hilts of the sabers up, and in the cavalry of the Red Army, the hilts of the sabers are down.
5. The famous infantry emblem was introduced into the NKVD troops in July 1937, and into the Red Army in July 1940.

6. The images of the emblems are taken from a secondary source and I could neither accurately date it nor refer to the document from which it was taken. Therefore, errors cannot be ruled out here.

And please also pay attention - the NKVD infantry commanders and the Red Army infantry commanders wore almost identical buttonholes and exactly the same insignia (cubes, sleepers, diamonds).

It is usually possible to distinguish between the crimson (Red Army) and maroon (NKVD troops) color of buttonholes only if you see them at the same time. And in black and white photographs of that time it is completely impossible to distinguish. A golden braid along the edge of the buttonholes was worn in both departments. Thus, if there is no exact dating of the photograph, it is absolutely impossible to determine who is in the picture - the infantry commander of the NKVD troops or the infantry commander of the Red Army.

Therefore, the presence of this emblem in the buttonholes in photographs literally misleads everyone as to whether these emblems were in the Red Army or not.
Insignia for the ranks of private and junior command and command personnel since 1937:
1. Red Army soldier. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2.Detached commander. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
3. Junior platoon commander. Automotive units and units of the NKVD troops.

From the author. Note. The same emblem was worn by all car drivers in all units of the NKVD troops.
4. Foreman. Infantry of the NKVD troops.

Please note - these are military ranks of junior commanding officers of the NKVD troops, and not positions, as many believe. The fact that these titles sound similar to positions should not mislead anyone.

For example, the rank of “junior platoon commander” was held by a serviceman who usually held the positions of “assistant platoon commander” or “commander of an independent (not part of the platoon) squad”, or “gun commander”, “commander of the ammunition department”.
For comparison - after all, with the introduction of personal military ranks in 1935, members of the senior command staff received ranks very similar to the names of the positions - brigade commander, division commander, corps commander, army commander.
Insignia of ranks of middle command and command personnel since 1937:
Command composition:

1. Junior lieutenant. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2. Lieutenant. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
3.Senior lieutenant. Armored units of the NKVD troops.

Notes:
The rank of junior lieutenant was introduced on August 20, 1937.
by resolution of the Council of People's Commissars
The buttonholes do not have colored edging, but are trimmed with narrow gold braid (3mm)
A military technician of the 2nd rank had two dice, a military technician of the 1st rank had 3 dice.

5.Military paramedic.
Note - the buttonholes have a crimson edging, the buttonhole must have the emblem of the medical service (veterinarians have the emblem of the veterinary service), there are no sleeve insignia.
senior military paramedic - 3 cubes

6. Political instructor.
Note - the buttonholes have a crimson edging, there are no emblems in the buttonholes, the sleeve patch is a commissar's star.
On August 20, 1937, by decree of the Council of People's Commissars, the rank of junior political instructor was introduced (2 cubes in buttonholes).

Insignia of ranks of senior command and command personnel since 1937:

Senior command staff:
1.Captain. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2. Major. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
3. Colonel. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.

Below are examples of senior command buttonholes:

4.Military engineer 3rd rank. Automobile units of the NKVD troops.
Notes: Emblem is not accurate. As a general rule, all military personnel were required to wear the emblem of the engineering personnel, but this rule was often violated,
A military engineer of the 2nd rank had 2 sleepers, and a military engineer of the 1st rank had 3 sleepers.

5. Military doctor 2nd rank.
A military doctor of the 3rd rank had 1 sleeper, and a military doctor of the 1st rank had 3 sleepers.
The same goes for veterinarians.

6. Regimental commissar.
The senior political instructor had 1 sleeper in his buttonholes, the battalion commissar had 2 sleepers.

Insignia of ranks of senior command and command personnel since 1937:

For example, the rank of “junior platoon commander” was held by a serviceman who usually held the positions of “assistant platoon commander” or “commander of an independent (not part of the platoon) squad”, or “gun commander”, “commander of the ammunition department”.
1. Brigade commander,
2nd Divisional Commander,
3-Komkor.
Note. In the NKVD troops highest rank was a corps commander.

Below are examples of command buttonholes:

4. Brigade engineer.
Note. The military-technical personnel had only two ranks - brigade engineer and divisional engineer.
Accordingly, one or two diamonds.
5. Military doctor.
The military medical staff had two ranks - brigade doctor and division doctor. The military veterinary staff is a brigvet doctor and a division veterinary doctor.
6. Corps commissar.
Note. The senior military-political personnel, unlike the rest of the commanding personnel, had not two ranks, but three. In addition to the brigade commissar, the division commissar also had the title of corps commissar (this is not a mistake - it is “corps”, not “corps”).

Naturally, the highest military-economic personnel had the titles of brigintendant and divintendant, and the military-legal personnel had the titles of brigvoenurist and divintendant.

1940
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 7, 1940, new military ranks were introduced for the senior command staff of the Red Army to replace the ranks of division commander, corps commander, and army commander.

Accordingly, these changes are reflected in the NKVD troops.

However, changes in ranks are not made automatically, but by appropriate orders. As a rule, new titles were awarded to:
Divisional commander - major general,
Comcor - Lieutenant General.

Yesterday's brigade commanders, in the order of recertification, were assigned, depending on their position, either the rank of colonel or major general. However, this process dragged on and by the time the war began, there were still several brigade commanders in the NKVD troops who still wore one diamond in their buttonholes.

With regard to brigade commissars, the then head of the Main Political Directorate of the Red Army achieved a decision according to which the rank of “brigade commissar” was no longer awarded, but the existing brigade commissars retained their rank and insignia until they were assigned the next rank (divisional commissar). Thus, some brigade commissars carried their rank until the complete abolition of the scale of ranks of political workers in the fall of 1942.

In accordance with the changes in ranks, new insignia are also introduced. Among the senior command staff of the NKVD troops (as well as in the Red Army), the shape of the buttonholes is now becoming the same on the overcoat, on the jacket and on the tunic. The field of buttonholes is maroon, the stars are metal or embroidered in golden color. Along the upper edge of the buttonholes there is a commander's gold braid 3 mm wide. The generals of the NKVD troops did not have emblems in their buttonholes.
The sleeves are similar to the chevrons of the Red Army generals. both major generals and lieutenant generals wear the same chevrons.

For the rest of the senior command staff, there were no changes in insignia compared to 1937. They continued to wear their diamonds in their buttonholes of the same shape.

From the author. Please note that the brigade level in 1940 was abolished only for command and military-political personnel. The ranks of brigengineer, brigintendant, brigdrach, brigvetvrach, brigvoenyurist and their insignia were preserved.

On July 26, 1940, by order of the USSR NKO No. 226, the ranks of “lieutenant colonel” and “senior battalion commissar” were introduced, and in connection with this, the insignia of senior command and command personnel was changed. now three sleepers are worn by the lieutenant colonel and the senior battalion commissar, and the colonel and regimental commissar each wear four sleepers.
On August 5, 1940, by order of the NKVD of the USSR No. 642, the order of the NKO of the USSR No. 226 of July 26, 1940 on changing the insignia was extended to the NKVD troops.

From Veremeev Yu.G. There is an interesting point here. Commanding officers with the ranks of military engineer 1st rank, quartermaster 1st rank, military doctor 1st rank, military veterinarian 1st rank, military officer 1st rank wore three sleepers in their buttonholes until 1940, and so they remained with three sleepers. In fact, nothing has changed at all, because... They were already considered a step below the colonel. But if previously they had as many sleepers on their buttonholes as the colonel, now it turned out that they had all been demoted in rank.

There were a lot of grievances, to the point that many of them arbitrarily attached the fourth sleeper.
The regimental commissars were pleased, because they now wore four sleepers and in this way they differed from quartermasters, engineers, and military doctors of the regimental level, i.e. their higher status, equal to the regiment commander, was clearly emphasized. But the battalion commissars were dissatisfied (especially those who were about to be awarded the next rank) due to the fact that between their rank and the coveted rank of regimental commissar
another one was wedged in.
Insignia of middle and senior command personnel of the NKVD troops since July 1940:
1. Junior lieutenant. Infantry.
2. Lieutenant. Cavalry.
3.Senior lieutenant. Armored units.
4.Captain. Infantry.

5.Major. Infantry.

From the author. 6. Lieutenant Colonel. Cavalry.

7.Colonel.Infantry.

In November 1940, the names of the ranks of the junior command and command staff of the Red Army and, accordingly, the NKVD troops were radically changed. These ranks in the Red Army were announced by order of the NKO No. 391 of November 2, 1940, and in the NKVD troops by order of the NKVD of November 5, 1940.

Naturally, the insignia also changes.

For the newly introduced rank of “corporal,” the insignia was a horizontal red stripe on the overcoat buttonhole, 1 cm wide, and 5 mm wide on the tunic buttonhole. In addition to triangles, all other members of the junior command and command staff have the same stripe on their buttonholes.
The sergeant major additionally received gold 3rd trim on his buttonholes. a braid, however, unlike the middle and senior command staff, this braid was placed not instead of a crimson edging, but between it and the field of the buttonhole.

Insignia and ranks of private and junior command and command personnel:
1. Red Army soldier. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
2. Corporal. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
3.Junior sergeant. Infantry of the NKVD troops.
4. Sergeant. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.
5. Senior Sergeant. Automobile units and units of the NKVD troops. The same emblem was worn by all car drivers in all units of the NKVD troops,
6. Foreman. Cavalry of the NKVD troops.

From the author. It is worth focusing on the fact that the word “sergeant major” has always existed in our armed forces in two meanings - sergeant major as a military rank, and sergeant major as a position (company sergeant major, squadron sergeant major, artillery division sergeant major). And the position of unit sergeant major did not necessarily have to be occupied by a serviceman with the rank of sergeant major. He could have the rank of staff sergeant or sergeant. But a serviceman with the rank of foreman necessarily holds the position of company foreman or an equal position (for example, head of a radio station, head of a canteen). Or even higher. For example, the position of support platoon commander. During the war, when there was a shortage of officers, commanders of combat platoons, or even companies, were often appointed from among

non-commissioned officers
. And usually they were given the rank of sergeant major. Servicemen of the NKVD troops wore rank insignia of the 1940 model until the introduction of new uniforms and insignia (epaulets) in the winter of 1943.. However, in units not related to the Active Army, pre-war insignia were retained.
Thus, in the NKVD troops, field insignia actually switched to only in the rifle divisions of the NKVD troops, who fought at the front along with the Red Army divisions.

It is generally impossible to distinguish a serviceman of an NKVD rifle division from a serviceman of the Red Army when both wear the same field insignia.

Note by Veremeev Yu.G. This is where the confusion with the famous infantry emblem (crossed rifles against a target background) widens. If in the infantry of the NKVD troops this emblem was introduced back in 1937 and was mandatory for everyone to wear, then in the infantry of the Red Army it appeared only in July 1940 (and even then in some strange way - the NKO order for its introduction is unknown, but in the NKO order No. 226 July 1940 it is only painted on the buttonholes of the Red Army infantry). Military personnel of the NKVD troops, in order to emphasize (considering service in the NKVD more honorable than in the Red Army) that they were from the NKVD system, and not NGOs, sought to preserve their emblems even when their rifle division