Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin biography. Famous explorer of the North. Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin. At the head of the partisan movement

Presentation about the first Northern expedition led by I.D. Papanin in the Arctic Ocean.

Download:

Preview:

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Research and study of the Arctic. Arctic Ocean. I.D.Papanin

In the 1930s, active and systematic exploration of the Arctic took place. 1932 was declared the “First International Polar Year”. In 1936, the Kremlin leadership approved a detailed plan for the establishment of a research station on a drifting ice floe in the Arctic.

The composition of the expedition: Head of the station - I.D. Papanin, radio operator - Ernest Teodorovich Krenkel, meteorologist and geophysicist - Evgeniy Konstantinovich Fedorov, hydrobiologist Pyotr Petrovich Shirshov (who acted as a doctor). The fifth inhabitant of the research station was a dog named Vesyoly.

RUSSIAN POLAR EXPLORER, DOCTOR OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES, REAR ADMIRAL, TWICE HERO OF THE SOVIET UNION, HEADED THE FIRST SOVIET DRIFTING STATION “S-1” (North Pole) Date of birth: November 26, 1894. Date of death: January 30, 1986. Place of birth: Sevastopol, Russian empire, Russia.

Expedition radio operator E.T. Krenkel

Petr Petrovich Shirshov

Evgeny Konstantinovich Fedorov

Workdays Polar explorers landed on an ice floe measuring 5x3 km.

On February 19, 1938, the polar explorers were removed from the ice floe by the icebreakers Taimyr and Murman. On March 15, the polar explorers were delivered to Leningrad.

In the Arctic Ocean Ivan Papanin fought against the northern tornadoes for two hundred and seventy nights. Four friends guarded the red flag of their native land - Until the Icebreakers came from the south! Poet Alexander Zharov

Results of the drift of the North Pole-1 station: 1. The SP station, created in the area of ​​the North Pole, after 9 months of drift (274 days) to the south, was carried to the Greenland Sea, the ice floe floated more than 2000 km. 2. The opinion of complete lifelessness was refuted , the polar region, about the existence of the Arctic "limit of life". Arctic Ocean.

Preview:

I.D. Papanin is an Arctic researcher.

Slide 1.

There are people in the history of our state whose names personify an entire era. Their activity is not just a contribution to a particular industry, but a symbol of a certain period. This is exactly what it was like for several generations. Soviet people the name of Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin - the legendary Soviet polar explorer who devoted his life to the exploration of the Arctic and his comrades.

Slide 2.

My goal research work: study and analyze the materials of the first Northern drifting expedition led by Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin in the Arctic Ocean.

T.K. Russia has an extensive Arctic sea coast, then the problems of economic development of the Arctic coast and the Northern sea ​​route required reliable forecasting of meteorological and ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean. In the mid-1930s. it became clear that polar stations located near the mainland cannot be the only sources of data for such a forecast. The head of the Main Northern Sea Route, Academician O. Yu. Schmidt, proposed creating a stationary polar station in the North Pole region, which would conduct a wide range of meteorological and hydrological studies within a year.

Slide 3.

The purpose of the expedition was planned: To conduct a wide range of meteorological and hydrological studies, ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean.

“Maximum research with a minimum of people” - these words were, as it were, the motto of the drifting station.

Photo: Preparations for the expedition were carried out on Rudolf Island.

Slide 4, 5.

On May 21, 1937, the plane, which had 4 expedition members on board: station chief Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin, experienced polar explorer - radio operator Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel, hydrobiologist and oceanologist Pyotr Petrovich Shirshov, astronomer and magnetologist Evgeniy Konstantinovich Fedorov, landed safely on the ice field. On the same day, the world's first station at the North Pole began scientific work. Together with the people there was a dog - a dog named Vesyoly.

Slide 6. Photo of the participants and the dog “Vesely”.

Icebreakers sailed, sailed,

We swam across the ocean.

The dog Jolly rode and rode

From distant polar countries.

Slide 7.

Later, Otto Yulievich Schmidt wrote in his memoirs: “In such an unprecedented business as a scientific station on drifting ice near the pole, a lot depends on its chief. Choosing him among our best winterers, I settled on I.D. Papanin. I meant not only his many years of experience, but also, above all, his exceptional cheerfulness and assertiveness, with which Comrade Papanin easily overcomes any obstacle that arises in his way. Such a person will not be confused in difficult times! The companions of such a person will receive from him every day a new charge of vivacity and confidence in success.”

The Papaninites worked almost like in outer space: in a confined space, in constant danger. Every step was an advance into the unknown, into the mysterious. Ivan Dmitrievich himself prepared for the drift thoroughly: he even went through cook school. He treated supplies sparingly, as befits an experienced traveler.

Slide 8.

The expedition's radio operator was the experienced polar explorer Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel. In the photo E. T. Krenkel after returning from the station"North Pole" (1938) presents a prize - his personal radio - to the Leningradshortwave V.S. Saltykov, who was the first radio amateur to establish contact with a drifting ice floe.

Slide 9.

Pyotr Petrovich Shirshov studied marine plankton of the Arctic Ocean. The materials obtained during the research significantly changed ideas about life in the ocean. In addition, at the North Pole station Shirshov was not only a biologist and hydrologist, but also... a doctor. For almost a year he trained in one of the Moscow clinics, learned how to treat wounds, apply stitches and even perform simple operations. They say that, having completed his surgical practice, Pyotr Petrovich made a speech - short but impressive: “Guys, now I can easily chop off your arms and legs. But I wouldn’t want my first help to become the last for any of you! ". “We appreciated,” writes Krenkel, “our doctor’s self-criticism and understood that it was better to do without his help. This conviction helped us hold out.”

Slide 10.

Evgeniy Konstantinovich Fedorov was the youngest of the four. By profession he is a geophysicist, or rather a magnetologist. But at the drifting station, he also conducted astronomical and meteorological observations, and sometimes replaced the radio operator. Evgeniy Konstantinovich has always been distinguished by his great capacity for work. I. D. Papanin, later talking about the organization of the station, wrote: “The first, without any doubt, was the candidacy of E. K. Fedorov.”

Slide 11.

Initially, the polar explorers landed on an ice floe measuring 5x3 km.

The tent of the first drifting station “North Pole-1” had to withstand strong winds and protect its inhabitants from 50-60 degree frosts. The design was made at the capital's Kauchuk plant. The prefabricated frame was made of aluminum pipes, the floor was rubberized, and the walls were made of fabric. According to the developers' plans, they were supposed to be insulated with a layer of eider down - something like a quilted feather bed, laid between two layers of tarpaulin. However, they could not find craftswomen who knew how to quilt duvets. I had to resort to the help of nuns who were excellent at such a “pre-revolutionary” craft.

Slide 12. Photo

Slide 13.

The expedition was supposed to last a year and a half, but the Arctic Ocean decided in its own way. In June, the average air temperature reached +2 0С, and the minimum was only minus one. The drift speed turned out to be unexpectedly rapid - the ice floe traveled up to 35 km per day. The ice floe began to break off.

Slide 14.

In the Greenland Sea, by the end of January 1938, the ice floe had shrunk to the size of a volleyball court. Dangerous days and nights followed. Papanin telegraphed to Moscow: “As a result of a six-day storm, at 8 a.m. on February 1, in the area of ​​the station, the field was torn by cracks from half a kilometer to five. We are on a fragment of a field 300 meters long and 200 meters wide. Two bases were cut off, as well as a technical warehouse... There was a crack under the living tent. We will move to a snow house. I’ll give you the coordinates later today; If the connection is lost, please do not worry."

He didn't ask for anything, didn't cry out for help. But help has come! Already on February 19, two icebreakers - "Taimyr" and "Murman" - reached the Papanin ice floe... Every sailor wanted to visit the station, hug the winterers...

Slide 15.

Four brave Soviet researchers spent 274 days on the ice floe from May 21, 1937 to February 19, 1938. They carried out a lot of research in different directions. The poet Alexander Zharov composed a poem about the Papanin heroes:

In the Arctic Ocean

Against northern tornadoes

Ivan Papanin fought

Two hundred and seventy nights.

Four friends guarded

Red flag of the native land -

For the time being, from the south

The icebreakers didn't come!

Slide 16

Results of the drift of the North Pole-1 station:

1. The SP station, created in the North Pole area, after 9 months of drift (274 days) to the south, was moved toGreenland Sea , the ice floe floated more than 2000 km.

2. The opinion about the complete lifelessness of the polar region and the existence of an Arctic “limit of life” has been refuted.

3. It was established that there are no lands or islands in the area of ​​the pole; the depths of the ocean were measured throughout the drift.

4. It has been established that warm Atlantic waters penetrate at depths all the way to the pole.

5. The work of the SP-1 station was the beginning of a new stage in the study of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean.

Slide 17.

Conclusion: During 274 days of drift, active and fruitful work was carried out to study the polar basin at high latitudes. The results of this expedition became the opportunity to declare Russia's rights to part of the Arctic Ocean shelf in the 21st century.

Slide 18.

This was not just a display of the flag at an open pole. Every day the four carried out research with the goal of opening the northern route for aviation and navigation. Every month Moscow received reports on scientific work.

Papanin’s last appeal from the station was heard throughout the USSR: “Leaving the drifting ice floe, we leave the Soviet flag on it as a sign that we will never give up the conquest of the country of socialism to anyone!” They really believed in it. A unique generation, special people.

Slide 19.

Today, the leading world powers are preparing for the redistribution of the Arctic spaces, and primarily those 1.2 million square kilometers that belong to Russia.The Russian polar sector in the Arctic occupies the most extensive territory (approx. 9 million km2, of which 6.8 million km2 is water space). Thus, exactly Russian Federation owns approximately 37% of the Arctic territory.

Ivan Papanin was born on November 14 (26), 1894 in Sevastopol in the family of a sailor who worked in the port. All his childhood and youth passed near the sea. Graduated from four grades of primary school. In 1908 he went to work at the Sevastopol plant for the production of navigation instruments. Ivan Papanin proved himself very well in production, and in 1912 he was transferred to the shipbuilding plant in Reval (Tallinn).

At the beginning of the First World War, Papanin was called up to military service, and he again found himself in his native Crimea, in the Black Sea Fleet. 1918-1920 - active participant Civil War in Ukraine and Crimea. Since 1920 - Commissioner of Operations under the Commander of Naval Forces and Forces Southwestern Front. Since the end of 1920 - commandant of the Crimean Cheka. From July 1921 to March 1922, Papanin worked as secretary of the Revolutionary Military Council Black Sea Fleet.

In 1924 he moved to Moscow, where he worked on communications issues, and it was here that he graduated Higher courses communications. After graduation, he went to work in Yakutia.

Since 1932, Papanin was the head polar station"Tikhaya Bay" on Franz Josef Land, and since 1934 - at the station at Cape Chelyuskin.

In 1937-1938, Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin became the head of the world's first drifting station, the North Pole. This event elevated him to the rank of one of the most famous people in our country and the world.

This expedition added unique scientific data to knowledge about the Arctic and its nature. The results of the station’s work and its drift were reported to the General Meeting of the USSR Academy of Sciences on March 6, 1938. The assessment of the expedition's activities was very high. For heroic work in difficult conditions of the Arctic, all participants in the polar drift were nominated for the title of Heroes Soviet Union. The scientific community also highly appreciated their achievements. Papanin and radio operator Ernst Krenkel received doctorate degrees in geographical sciences.

At the end of 1939 - beginning of 1940, the whole country watched the rescue of the icebreaker Georgy Sedov, which had drifted for 812 days, from ice captivity. Ivan Papanin led the rescue efforts, which were successfully completed. Ivan Dmitrievich was nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the second time.

From 1939 to 1946, Papanin headed the Main Northern Sea Route and was also appointed commissioner of the State Defense Committee for transportation in the North.

During the war years, it successfully received and transported military cargo to the front, which was delivered to the USSR from the USA and Great Britain. Along with this work, he oversaw the construction of port shipyards in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and on the Far Eastern coast. In 1943 he was awarded military rank rear admiral.

After defeating Nazi Germany Ivan Dmitrievich began to move away from practical work and was more involved in science. This was due to deteriorating health (Papanin suffered from heart disease). In 1949, due to health reasons, he retired, but continued to work. He became deputy director of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences for expeditions. Since 1951, he headed the department of marine expeditionary work in the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences. At the same time, Papanin was at the head of the Moscow branch Geographical Society THE USSR.

Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin passed away on January 30, 1986. The cause of death was chronic heart failure. He was 91 years old. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

The glorious pages of the biography of Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin have forever entered the Russian and world history. He is an honorary citizen of Sevastopol, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Lipetsk. The Republic of Crimea and the Yaroslavl region also included him in the lists of their honorary residents. A cape located in Taimyr, mountains in Antarctica, an underwater mountain in Pacific Ocean and an island in the Sea of ​​Azov.

(14/26.11.1894-30.01.1986) - Arctic explorer, geographer, rear admiral. Born into a sailor's family. He headed the first Soviet drifting station “North Pole-1” (1937 - 38). Head of the “Glavsevmorput” (1939 - 46), during the Great Patriotic War GKO authorized representative for transportation in the North. Since 1951, head of the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Director of the Institute of Biology inland waters USSR Academy of Sciences (1952 - 72). Author of the books “Life on an Ice Floe” (1938) and “Ice and Fire” (1977).

Biography

Born on November 26, 1894 in Sevastopol in the family of a port sailor, who led a semi-beggarly existence, not even having their own home. They huddled in a strange structure of 4 walls, two of which were pipes, trying to earn at least a penny by helping their mother support her family. Ivan, the eldest of the children, especially suffered. The boy studied well, was first in the class in all subjects, for which he received an offer to continue his education at public expense. But the impressions of a poor and disenfranchised childhood will become decisive in the formation of his personality and character.

The most striking event, according to Papanin himself, was the uprising of sailors on the Ochakov in 1905. He sincerely admired the courage of the sailors who went to certain death. It was then that the future convinced revolutionary was formed in him. At this time, he was learning a trade and working in the factories of his native Sevastopol. By the age of 16, Ivan Papanin was among the best workers at the Sevastopol plant for the production of navigation devices. And at the age of 18, as the most capable, he was selected for further work at the Revel shipyard (present-day Tallinn). At the beginning of 1915, Ivan Dmitrievich was drafted into the navy as a technical specialist. In October 1917, together with other workers, he went over to the side of the Red Guards and plunged headlong into revolutionary work. Returning from Revel to Sevastopol, Papanin actively participated in the establishment of Soviet power here. After the occupation of Crimea by German troops on the basis Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Ivan goes underground and becomes one of the leaders of the Bolshevik partisan movement on the peninsula. Revolutionary professionals Mokrousov, Frunze, Kun entrust him with secret and difficult tasks. Over the years, he went through all imaginable difficulties - “fire, water, and copper pipes.”

In August 1920, a group of communists and military specialists from the Red Army, led by A. Mokrousov, landed in Crimea. Their task was to organize partisan warfare in Crimea. Papanin also joined Mokrousov. The rebel army they assembled dealt Wrangel serious blows. The White Guards had to withdraw troops from the front. To destroy the partisans, military units from Feodosia, Sudak, Yalta, Alushta, and Simferopol began to surround the forest. However, the partisan detachments managed to break out of the encirclement and retreat into the mountains. It was necessary to contact the command, report on the situation and coordinate their plans with the headquarters of the Southern Front. It was decided to send a reliable person to Soviet Russia. The choice fell on I.D. Papanin.

In the current situation, it was possible to get to Russia only through Trebizond. It was possible to agree with the smugglers that for a thousand Nikolaev rubles they would transport the person to the opposite shore of the Black Sea. The journey turned out to be long and unsafe. He managed to meet with the Soviet consul, who on the very first night sent Papanin on a large transport ship to Novorossiysk. And already in Kharkov he was received by the commander of the Southern Front, M.V. Frunze. Having received the necessary help, Papanin began to get ready for Return trip. In Novorossiysk he was joined by the future famous writer Vsevolod Vishnevsky.

It was November, the sea was constantly stormy, but there was no time to waste. One night, the paratroopers went to sea on the ships “Rion”, “Shokhin” and the boat where Papanin was located. They walked in the dark, with the lights extinguished, in the conditions of a severe storm. The boat circled for a long time, looking for “Rion” and “Shokhin” in the darkness, but, convinced of the futility of the search, it headed for the Crimea. On the way, we came across the White Guard ship “Three Brothers”. To prevent the crew from reporting the landing, the owner of the ship and his companion... were taken hostage, and the crew was given an ultimatum: not to approach the shore for 24 hours. The incessant storm exhausted everyone. In the dark we approached the village of Kapsikhor. They dragged all the cargo ashore. Replenished with local residents, the detachment of Mokrousov and Papanin moved towards Alushta, disarming the retreating White Guards along the way. On the approach to the city, the Red partisans linked up with units of the 51st Division of the Southern Front.

After the defeat last army white movement- Wrangel's army - Papanin is appointed commandant of the Crimean emergency commission(CHK). During this work he received gratitude for saving confiscated valuables.

Needless to say, what the Cheka is, especially in Crimea. This organization was entrusted with an extremely important mission here - to physically destroy the remnants of the Whites, the flower of the Russian officers. Despite Frunze's promises to save their lives after they laid down their arms, about 60 thousand people were shot, drowned, or buried alive.

Unfortunately, it is difficult to trace the transformation of Papanin’s worldview over terrible years revolution. But, undoubtedly, these bloody events left many scars on his heart. As the commandant of the Cheka, he saw and knew everything, but he did not write or say anything about it anywhere and never. He didn’t write, and he couldn’t write, because otherwise he would have been turned into “camp dust,” like many thousands of his comrades.

Of course, Ivan Dmitrievich, being a cheerful and friendly person by nature, conscientious and humane, could not help but think about what was happening. It is curious that it was Papanin who became the prototype of the sailor Shvandi in the play by playwright K. Trenev “Yarovaya Love”. He, of course, compared the ideals that the Bolsheviks called for and what was happening in real life before his eyes and with his participation. He drew conclusions and decided to take an unexpected action, which can only be explained by changes in views on what was happening. He seriously decided to move away from politics and revolution and engage in science.

Without receiving special knowledge, having gone through the thorny path of self-education, he will reach significant scientific heights. Thus, Papanin’s “first” life was given to the revolution, and his “second” to science. His ideals drowned in the bloodstream of the Bolshevik Red Terror, and, realizing his guilt and repenting, he decides to disassociate himself from revolutionary violence. However, over the next four years, Papanin could not find a place for himself in the literal and figurative sense of the word.

Fate decreed that in the future I.D. Papanin will be treated kindly by Stalin, always being in his sight. For Papanin, the “second half” of life is much longer - as much as 65 years. He becomes the military commandant of the Ukrainian Central Executive Committee in Kharkov. However, by the will of fate, he again ended up in the Revolutionary Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet as a secretary, and in April 1922 he was transferred to Moscow as a commissar of the Administrative Department of the Glavmortekhkhozupra. The following year, having already been demobilized, he went to work in the system of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs as a business manager and head of the Central Directorate of Paramilitary Security.

Papanin constantly changes jobs and places of residence. It’s as if something is tormenting him, for some reason his soul is hurting, he is looking for her reassurance and an activity where she would find peace, get the opportunity to temporarily detach herself from what she has experienced, come to her senses and figure everything out. And the North became such a place for him. Here, in 1925, Papanin began building a radio station in Yakutia and proved himself to be an excellent organizer and simply a person who can be trusted to resolve complex issues and who will never let you down, even in the most difficult conditions. It was for these qualities that the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks appointed him in 1937 as head of the polar station SP-1.

For Soviet Russia The opening of permanent navigation of ships along the Northern Sea Route was of utmost importance. For this purpose, a special department was even created - Glavsevmorput. But to operate the route it was necessary to carry out a series of multifaceted scientific research in the Arctic: indicate the presence of underwater currents, ice drift paths, timing of their melting, and much more. To resolve these issues, it was necessary to land a scientific expedition directly on the ice floe. The expedition had to work on ice for a long time. The risk of dying in these extreme conditions was very big.

Perhaps no event between the two world wars attracted as much attention as the drift of the “Papanin Four” in the Arctic. Scientific work on the ice floe lasted 274 days and nights. At first it was a huge ice field of several square kilometers, and when the Papanins were removed from it, the size of the ice floe barely reached the area of ​​a volleyball court. The whole world followed the epic of the polar explorers, and everyone wanted only one thing - the salvation of people.

After this feat, Ivan Papanin, Ernst Krenkel, Evgeny Fedorov and Pyotr Shirshov turned into national heroes and became a symbol of everything Soviet, heroic and progressive. If you look at newsreel footage of how Moscow greeted them, it becomes clear what these names meant at that time. After the gala reception in Moscow there were dozens, hundreds, thousands of meetings throughout the country. The polar explorers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. This was Papanin’s second such award - he received the first at the beginning of the drift.

This was in 1938, a terrible year for the country. At this time, thousands of people were destroyed, most of them constituting the intellectual elite of the people. The criterion for reprisals was one thing - the ability to provide not only active, but also passive resistance to the totalitarian regime. They especially targeted those who installed Soviet power, with the Bolsheviks of the first draft. There is nothing surprising in this - the old guard could be the first to oppose the revision of Marxist-Leninist teachings, and therefore was subject to destruction. And Papanin would have been among these victims if he had not left the Cheka in 1921.

Papanin lived for another 40 years, filled with activities, events, and people. After drifting in the Arctic, he becomes first deputy and then head of the Main Northern Sea Route. Tasks of enormous national importance fell on his shoulders. Since the beginning of the war, he has been building a new port in Arkhangelsk, which was simply necessary to receive ships bringing cargo from the United States under Lend-Lease. He deals with similar problems in Murmansk and the Far East.

After the war, Ivan Dmitrievich again worked in the Main Northern Sea Route, and then created the scientific fleet of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1951, he was appointed head of the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works under the apparatus of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Papanin's merits were appreciated. Few people had such an “iconostasis” of awards as his. In addition to two titles of Hero of the Soviet Union, 9 Orders of Lenin and many other orders and medals, not only Soviet, but also foreign. He was also awarded the military rank of rear admiral and a scientist - Doctor of Geographical Sciences.

Maybe, outstanding man to any historical era and under any life circumstances is able to realize potential opportunities. The external outline of events, the framing of fate may be different, but the internal, decisive side remains constant. Firstly, this concerns efforts to achieve basic goals, and, secondly, the ability to remain a person of high moral principles at any time. historical conditions. Papanin's life is a clear confirmation of this.

I.D. died Papanin in January 1986. His name is immortalized three times on geographical map. The waters of the polar seas are plied by ships named after him. He is an honorary citizen of Sevastopol, his hometown, in which one of the streets bears the name of Papanin.

Bibliography

• "Life on an Ice Floe" (1938)
• "Ice and Fire" (1977)

Awards, prizes and memberships

• Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1937, 1940)
• 9 Orders of Lenin (1937, 1938, May 1944, November 1944, 1945, 1956, 1964, 1974, 1984)
• Order October revolution (1971)
• 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1922, 1950)
• Order of Nakhimov, 1st class (1945)
• Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (1985)
• 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (1955, 1980)
• Order of Friendship of Peoples (1982)
• Order of the Red Star (1945)
• Medal "For Military Merit"
• Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
• Medal "20 years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army"
• other medals, foreign awards.
• Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1938)
• Rear Admiral (1943)
• Honorary citizen of the hero city of Murmansk (1974)
• Honorary citizen of the city of Arkhangelsk (1975)
• Honorary citizen of the hero city Sevastopol (1979)
• Honorary citizen of the city of Lipetsk
• Honorary citizen of the Yaroslavl region

Memory

The following are named after Papanin:

• cape on the Taimyr Peninsula
• mountains in Antarctica
• seamount in the Pacific Ocean
• Institute of Inland Water Biology
• streets in the Moscow district of Lianozovo, Lipetsk, Murmansk, Yekaterinburg, Izmail and Yubilein (Korolev, Moscow region), Yaroslavl
• scientific and sports expedition.

• There is a memorial plaque installed on the house on Arbat where Papanin lived.
• In 1954, a monument to him was erected in Sevastopol.
• In 2003, a monument was opened in Murmansk.

PAPANIN Ivan Dmitrievich (November 26, 1894, Sevastopol - January 30, 1986, Moscow) - head of the first Soviet drifting station "North Pole" (1937 - 1938) and the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route (1939 - 1946), director of the Institute of Biology and Inland Waters of the Academy of Sciences USSR (1950 - 1965), Honorary Citizen of the Yaroslavl Region (1982).

Born into a sailor's family. Russian. In 1909 he graduated from the Zemstvo primary school. Apprentice turner in the mechanical workshops of the Chernoaz pilots (October 1909 - June 1912), turner in the workshops of the Sevastopol military port (June 1912 - December 1913), shipyard in Reval (now Tallinn) (December 1913 - December 1914). In service in Russian imperial fleet since 1914. Sailor of the semi-crew of the Sevastopol military port (December 1914 - November 1917).

Since the fall of 1917 in the Red Guard: Red Guard fighter of the Black Sea detachment of revolutionary sailors in Crimea (November 1917 - November 1918), Red Army soldier-organizer of sailors behind enemy lines in Crimea (November 1918 - November 1919); participated in the creation of the partisan movement on the peninsula, in battles against the White Guards. Chairman of the presidium of the workshop cell of the Zadneprovsk naval brigade of armored trains and armored personnel of the 14th and 12th armies (November 1919 - March 1920). Member of the RCP(b) since 1919.

Commissioner of the Operational Directorate of the Commander of the Naval Forces of the Southwestern Front (March-July 1920), commandant and member of the Revolutionary Military Council (RMC) of the Crimean Revolutionary rebel army(March-October 1920), commander of the landing force, a detachment of sailors, commandant and head of the Cheka detachment to combat banditry in the Crimea (October 1920 - March 1921); at the disposal of the military commissar under the commander of the Naval Forces of the Republic (March-July 1921). Secretary of the RVS Naval Forces Black Sea (July 1921 - March 1922), Commissioner of the Economic Administration of the State Technical University of the Naval Forces Administration (March 1922 - August 1923). For violation of military and labor discipline, he was transferred to the reserve. Deputy responsible head of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs (NKPT) for organizing communications in Yakutia (August 1923 - January 1927), head of the Central Directorate of Paramilitary Security of the NKPT of the USSR (January 1927 - August 1931).

In 1929 he graduated from special courses at Osoaviakhim, in 1931 - the Higher Communications Courses of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs, in 1932 - the first year of the Faculty of Communications of the Planning Academy.

He led the expedition and then the construction of a radio station at the Aldan gold mines. Head of the expedition and polar station in Tikhaya Bay on Franz Josef Land (April 1932 - December 1933), polar station at Cape Chelyuskin (December 1933 - December 1935), head of the drifting expedition "North Pole-1" (December 1935 - April 1938) , which marked the beginning of a systematic study of the high-latitude regions of the polar basin. The drift of the station, which began on May 21, 1937, lasted 274 days and ended on February 19, 1938 in the Greenland Sea. During this time, the ice floe covered 2100 km. The expedition members (oceanologist P. P. Shirshov, geophysicist E. K. Fedorov and radio operator E. T. Krenkel) managed to collect unique material about the nature of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean under incredibly difficult conditions.

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1937, for successful research work and skillful management of the North Pole station on a drifting ice floe Papanin Ivan Dmitrievich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin. After the establishment of the sign of special distinction, he was awarded a medal" Golden Star"(No. 37).

Deputy Chief (March 1938 - October 1939), Head of the Main Northern Sea Route under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (October 1939 - August 1946). In the first years, he focused on the construction of powerful icebreakers and the development of Arctic navigation; in 1940, he led an expedition to rescue the icebreaking steamer Georgiy Sedov from ice captivity after an 812-day drift.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of February 3, 1940, for the exemplary fulfillment of the government task of removing the icebreaking steamer Georgy Sedov from the Arctic ice and the heroism shown in this case, the head of the Northern Sea Route Papanin Ivan Dmitrievich awarded the second Gold Star medal (No. Z/I). I. D. Papanin is one of five heroes who was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union before the start of the Great Patriotic War.

During the Great Patriotic War, he made a significant contribution to organizing the uninterrupted movement of ships along the Northern Sea Route. Since October 15, 1941 - Commissioner of the State Defense Committee for maritime transport in the White Sea and the organization of loading and unloading in the port of Arkhangelsk. In October 1943, he led the radical reconstruction of the port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Seconded to the USSR Academy of Sciences (October 1944 - August 1946 and from October 1948). He was under long-term treatment for two years (July 1946 - August 1948). Deputy Director of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences (August 1948 - June 1950) for the expeditionary part, Director of the Institute of Biology and Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the village of Borok, Yaroslavl Region (June 1950 - June 1965), at the same time head of the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works of the USSR Academy of Sciences (August 1951 - January 1986).

Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st–2nd convocations (1937–1950).

Lived in the hero city of Moscow. Died on January 30, 1986. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Rear Admiral (05/25/1943). Awarded nine Orders of Lenin (06/27/1937, 03/22/1938, 05/1/1944, 11/26/1944, 12/2/1945, 12/30/1956, 11/26/1964, 11/26/1974, 11/23/1984), the Order of October Russian Revolution (07/20/1971) , two Orders of the Red Banner (1922, 11/15/1950), Order of Nakhimov 1st degree (07/08/1945), Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree (03/11/1985), two Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (01/22/1955, 01/8/1980 ), orders of Friendship of Peoples (12/17/1982), Red Star (11/10/1945), medals, including “For Military Merit” (11/3/1944), as well as orders and medals of foreign countries.

Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1938). Awarded the Gold Medal named after S. O. Makarov of the USSR Academy of Sciences (11/22/1984; for outstanding contribution in the development of scientific research in the Arctic Ocean and for the creation research country's fleet).

Honorary citizen of the hero cities of Murmansk (08/19/1977) and Sevastopol (12/20/1979), as well as Arkhangelsk (04/11/1975), Lipetsk (1982), Yaroslavl region (02/23/1982) and Autonomous Republic Crimea (2000).

Busts in his honor were installed in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Sevastopol and the village of Borok, Nekouzsky district, Yaroslavl region. Memorial plaques were installed in Arkhangelsk and Moscow. A cape on the Taimyr Peninsula, mountains in Antarctica, an underwater mountain in the Pacific Ocean, the Institute of Inland Water Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, streets in Arkhangelsk (Papanintsev Street, 1962; Papanina Street, 1986), Yekaterinburg, Izmail, Lipetsk, Murmansk and Yaroslavl are named after him. The I. D. Papanin Museum is located in the village of Borok. At the National Museum of the Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol, a museum exhibition has been created - a stationary exhibition “Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin - Sevastopol Columbus”.

Papanin Ivan Dmitrievich - head of the first Soviet drifting station "North Pole" and the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route.

Born on November 14 (26), 1894 in the city of Sevastopol in the family of a sailor. Russian. In 1909 he graduated from the zemstvo primary school, in 1929 - special courses at Osoaviakhim, in 1931 - Higher Communications Courses of the People's Commissariat of Post and Telegraph, in 1932 - the first year of the Faculty of Communications of the Planning Academy. Apprentice turner in the mechanical workshops of Chernoaz sailing stations (October 1909 - June 1912), turner in the workshops of the Sevastopol military port (June 1912 - December 1913), shipyard in Reval (now Tallinn) (December 1913 - December 1914).

In service in the Russian Imperial Navy since 1914. Sailor of the semi-crew of the Sevastopol military port (December 1914 - November 1917).

In the Red Guard since 1917: Red Guard fighter of the Black Sea detachment of revolutionary sailors in Crimea (November 1917 - November 1918), Red Army soldier-organizer of sailors behind enemy lines in Crimea (November 1918 - November 1919); participated in the creation of the partisan movement on the peninsula, in battles against the White Guards in Ukraine and Crimea. Chairman of the presidium of the workshop cell of the Zadneprovskaya naval brigade of armored trains and armored personnel of the 14th and 12th armies (November 1919 - March 1920). Member of the RCP(b)/VKP(b)/CPSU since 1919.

Commissioner of the Operational Directorate of the Commander of the Naval Forces of the Southwestern Front (March-July 1920), commandant and member of the Revolutionary Military Council (RMC) of the Crimean Revolutionary Insurgent Army (March-October 1920), commander of the landing force, a detachment of sailors, commandant and head of the Cheka fighting detachment with banditry in Crimea (October 1920 - March 1921); at the disposal of the military commissar under the commander of the Naval Forces of the Republic (March-July 1921). Secretary of the RVS of the Black Sea Naval Forces (July 1921 - March 1922), Commissioner of the Economic Administration of the State Medical Academy of the Marine Forces (March 1922 - August 1923). Dismissed for violation of military and labor discipline; in reserve (August 1923 – December 1926, August 1931 – October 1939). Deputy responsible head of the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs (NKPT) for the organization of communications in Yakutia (August 1923 - January 1927), head of the Central Directorate of Paramilitary Security of the NKPT of the USSR (January 1927 - August 1931).

He led the expedition and then the construction of a radio station at the Aldan gold mines. Head of the expedition and polar station in Tikhaya Bay on Franz Josef Land (April 1932 - December 1933), polar station at Cape Chelyuskin (December 1933 - December 1935), head of the drifting expedition "North Pole-1" (December 1935 - April 1938) , which marked the beginning of a systematic study of the high-latitude regions of the polar basin. The drift of the station, which began on May 21, 1937, lasted 274 days and ended on February 19, 1938 in the Greenland Sea. During this time, the ice floe covered 2100 km. The expedition members (oceanologist P.P. Shirshov, geophysicist E.K. Fedorov and radio operator E.T. Krenkel) managed to collect unique material about the nature of the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean under incredibly difficult conditions.

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated June 27, 1937, for successful research work and skillful management of the North Pole station on a drifting ice floe Papanin Ivan Dmitrievich awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin. After the establishment of the special distinction, he was awarded the Gold Star medal.

Deputy Chief (March 1938 – October 1939), Head of the Main Northern Sea Route under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (October 1939 – August 1946). In the first years, he focused on the construction of powerful icebreakers and the development of Arctic navigation; in 1940, he led an expedition to remove the icebreaking steamship Georgy Sedov from ice captivity after an 812-day drift.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 3, 1940, the head of the Main Northern Sea Route was awarded the second “Gold Star” medal for the exemplary fulfillment of the government task of removing the icebreaking steamer “Georgy Sedov” from the Arctic ice and the heroism displayed during this process. I.D. Papanin is one of the glorious five of those glorious sons of our Motherland who, before the start of the Great Patriotic War, was twice awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

During the Great Patriotic War, he made a significant contribution to organizing the uninterrupted movement of ships along the Northern Sea Route. Since October 15, 1941, he has been authorized by the State Defense Committee for maritime transport in the White Sea and the organization of loading and unloading in the Arkhangelsk port. In October 1943, he led the radical reconstruction of the port of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

Seconded to the USSR Academy of Sciences (October 1944 - August 1946 and from October 1948). On long-term treatment (July 1946 - August 1948). Deputy Director of the Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences (August 1948 - June 1950) for the expeditionary part, director of the Institute of Biology and Inland Waters of the USSR Academy of Sciences (June 1950 - June 1965), at the same time head of the Department of Marine Expeditionary Works of the USSR Academy of Sciences (August 1951 - January 1986).

Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 1st and 2nd convocations (1937-1950).

Lived in the city of Moscow. Died on January 30, 1986. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Rear Admiral (05/25/1943). Awarded 9 Orders of Lenin (06/27/1937, 03/22/1938, 05/1/1944, 11/26/1944, 12/2/1945, 12/30/1956, 11/26/1964, 11/26/1974, 11/23/1984), the Order of October Russian Revolution (07/20/1971) , 2 Orders of the Red Banner (1922, 11/15/1950), Order of Nakhimov 1st degree (07/08/1945), Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree (03/11/1985), 2 Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (01/22/1955, 01/8/1980 ), orders of Friendship of Peoples (12/17/1982), Red Star (11/10/1945), medals, including “For Military Merit” (11/3/1944), as well as orders and medals of foreign countries.

Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1938). Awarded the S.O. Makarov Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Sciences (11/22/1984; for outstanding contribution to the development of scientific research in the Arctic Ocean and for the creation of the country’s research fleet).

Honorary citizen of the hero cities of Murmansk (08/19/1977) and Sevastopol (12/20/1979), as well as Arkhangelsk (04/11/1975), Lipetsk (1982), Yaroslavl region and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (2000, Ukraine).

Busts in his honor were installed in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Sevastopol and the village of Borok, Nekouzsky district, Yaroslavl region. Memorial plaques were installed in Arkhangelsk and Moscow. A cape on the Taimyr Peninsula, mountains in Antarctica, an underwater mountain in the Pacific Ocean, the Institute of Inland Water Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, streets in Arkhangelsk (Papanintsev Street, 1962; Papanina Street, 1986), Yekaterinburg, Izmail, Lipetsk, Murmansk and Yaroslavl are named after him. The I.D. Papanin Museum is located in the village of Borok. At the National Museum of the Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol, a museum exhibition has been created - a stationary exhibition “Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin - Sevastopol Columbus”.