Society is characterized by social scientists as. “Society as a dynamic system. Spheres of society. The family as a small group is distinguished by ...

Test on the topic “Society as a dynamic system. Spheres of society»

1. 
   Society is characterized by social scientists as

1. 
   part of the world isolated from nature
2. 
   the whole living world around man
3. 
   integral part of nature
4. 
   unity of animate and inanimate nature

1. 
   Society in the broadest sense of the word is:

1. 
   human habitat
2. 
   human history
3. 
   set of forms of association of people
4. 
   productive forces

1. 
   

A. Society as a dynamic system is characterized by a constant change in the elements of society and the links between them.

B. Society in a broad sense is the entire material world that surrounds a person.

1. 
   

A. Society acts as the creator of a "second nature", as if built on top of natural nature.

B. Society arose simultaneously with nature.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   The relationship between nature and society is characterized by:

1. 
   mutual independence of nature and society
2. 
   total subordination of society to nature
3. 
   
4. 
   total subordination of nature to society

1. 
   Which of the following directly illustrates the connection between society and nature?

1. 
   migration of the population from economically lagging regions to dynamically developing
2. 
   
3. 
   installation of new treatment facilities at thermal power plants
4. 
   development of telecommunications, mobile telephony market

1. 
   (excluding redundant).

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

1. 
   State
2. 
   Family
3. 
   Banking system

SPHERES OF PUBLIC LIFE

1. 
   spiritual
2. 
   political
3. 
   economic

1. 
   From statements A and B it is true:

B. The questions of the national structure of the population are directly related to the economic sphere.

1. 
   

FACT

1. 
   the invention of radio
2. 
   provision of medical services
3. 
   rising inflation

SPHERE OF LIFE OF SOCIETY

1. 
   economic
2. 
   spiritual

1. 
   What sphere of social life is directly represented by the process of production of material goods necessary for society?

1. 
   economic
2. 
   political
3. 
   social
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   Find a match:

A. Demographic changes in the state;

1. 
   economic sphere of society
2. 
   social sphere of society
3. 
   political sphere of society
4. 
   spiritual sphere of society

1. 
   The spiritual sphere of society directly relates to:

1. 
   adoption of a labor code
2. 
   introduction of trade rules
3. 
   holding a poetry competition
4. 
   urban population growth

1. 
   Society is

1. 
   directed development from less perfect to more perfect
2. 
   ways of interaction and forms of bringing people together
3. 
   part of nature
4. 
   the material world as a whole

1. 
   In the broadest sense, society is:

1. 
   a group of people performing an activity;
2. 
   a circle of people united by a common origin;
3. 
   the entire population of the planet;
4. 
   way of organizing people's life

1. 
   What sign characterizes society as a system?

1. 
   interaction with nature
2. 
   immutability over time
3. 
   presence of subsystems and institutions
4. 
   world of nature and things in general

1. 
   From statements A and B it is true:

a) only A b) only B c) both A and B d) neither A nor B

A. Nature and society are inextricably linked.

B. Nature and society develop independently of each other.

1. 
   The relationship between nature and society cannot be characterized by:

1. 
   mutual influence of nature and society
2. 
   consideration of society in inextricable connection with nature
3. 
   the negative impact of society on the environment
4. 
   the possibility of autonomous development of society by nature

1. 
   An example of a constructive interaction between nature and society is

1. 
   depletion of non-renewable natural resources
2. 
   extinction of a number of biological species as a result of human activities
3. 
   creation of biosphere reserves, sanctuaries
4. 
   salinization of soils as a result of reclamation works

1. 
   Establish a correspondence between public institutions and areas of public life (excluding redundant).

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS

1. 
   State
2. 
   Family
3. 
   Education

SPHERES OF PUBLIC LIFE

1. 
   social
2. 
   political
3. 
   economic

1. 
   Are the following judgments about the spiritual sphere of society's life correct? The characteristic elements of the spiritual sphere of society are

A. art, cultural institutions. B. people's attitudes about power.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Establish a correspondence between the fact and the sphere of public life:

DATA

1. 
   use of furs as an exchange equivalent
2. 
   creation of rock paintings by ancient hunters and gatherers
3. 
   the existence in modern society of families of various types

SPHERES OF PUBLIC LIFE

1. 
   spiritual
2. 
   social
3. 
   economic

1. 
   To what sphere of social life does the introduction of new technologies and the increase in the productivity of social labor belong?

1. 
   economic
2. 
   political
3. 
   social
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   Find a match:

A. The growth of the educational level of the population

B. Ratification of the international treaty on borders between states

1. 
   economic sphere of society
2. 
   social sphere of society
3. 
   
4. 
   

1. 
   The political and legal sphere of society directly includes:

1. 
   hosting an arts festival
2. 
   growth in the production of goods
3. 
   increase in the share of youth in the population of the country
4. 
   introduction of amendments to the electoral law

1. 
   The economic sphere of society is characterized by

1. 
   rural migration
2. 
   interethnic integration
3. 
   division of labor
4. 
   social differentiation

1. 
   The following are the qualities inherent in a person. All of them, with the exception of one, are of a social nature. Find and indicate the quality that "falls out" of the general series.

1. 
   freedom
2. 
   Heredity
3. 
   Interests
4. 
   Beliefs
5. 
   Consciousness
6. 
   responsibility.

1. 
   Which of the concepts characterizes both society and nature?

1. 
   dynamic system
2. 
   the whole material world
3. 
   forms and ways of human interaction
4. 
   stage of the historical development of mankind

1. 
   In order to support the domestic producer, the government of the country has limited the import of foreign dairy products and meat. What areas of public life does this fact belong to?

1. 
   economic and social
2. 
   political and economic
3. 
   social and spiritual
4. 
   economic and spiritual

1. 
   Which of the listed sciences considers society as an organic unity of social spheres that develop due to the activities of people?

1. 
   anthropology
2. 
   sociology
3. 
   economy
4. 
   political science

1. 
   

“The characterization of a society as ___________ (1) involves the study of its internal structure. Its main elements are __________________ (2) public life and social institutions. Allocate economic, social, political and spiritual spheres. All of them are closely interconnected, as they support the necessary _____________ (3) of society. ______________ (4) in each of the areas solve important social problems. They ensure the production and distribution of various types of _________________ (5) as well as the management of the joint _____________ (6) people.

1. 
   integrity
2. 
   system
3. 
   society
4. 
   social benefits
5. 
   sphere
6. 
   production
7. 
   culture
8. 
   social institutions
9. 
   activity

1. 
   Production costs, labor market, competition characterize the sphere of society

1. 
   economic
2. 
   social
3. 
   political
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   What sphere of society is represented by religion, science, education?

1. 
   economic
2. 
   social
3. 
   political
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   Unlike nature, society

1. 
   is a system
2. 
   is in development
3. 
   
4. 
   

1. 
   

A. The decline in production causes a decline in the standard of living of the majority of the population.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Are the following statements about society correct? Society can be defined as...

A. detached from nature, but closely connected with it, part of the world, which includes the ways of interaction between people and the forms of their unification.

B. an integral social organism, including large and small groups of people, as well as connections and relationships between them.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Complete the phrase: "The part of the world that is isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which includes the ways of interaction between people and the forms of their unification, is __________"
2. 
   Complete the phrase: "Degradation, a return to obsolete social institutions and relationships is _______"
3. 
   What word is missing from the diagram?

1. 
   Which interpretation of the term "society" is incorrect:

1. 
   system
2. 
   geographical environment
3. 
   interaction of various social spheres, a set of social relations
4. 
   part of the world, inextricably linked and interacting with nature

1. 
   Find a match:

A. Demographic changes in the state

B. Growth in the number of joint-stock enterprises

1. 
   economic sphere of society
2. 
   social sphere of society
3. 
   political and legal sphere of society
4. 
   spiritual and moral sphere of society

1. 
   The social sphere of society directly relates to:

1. 
   creation of a new exchange
2. 
   growing number of believers
3. 
   ratification of an international treaty
4. 
   introduction of a new tax

1. 
   From statements A and B it is true:

a) only A b) only B c) both A and B d) neither A nor B

A. The economic sphere includes property relations.

B. The questions of the national structure of the population are directly related to the economic sphere.

1. 
   Are the following statements about society correct?

A. Society is an evolving system.

B. Society as a dynamic system is characterized by the invariance of its parts and the connections between them.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Indicate social events in the list below.

1. 
   emergence of the state
2. 
   genetic predisposition of a person to certain diseases
3. 
   creation of new drugs
4. 
   nation formation
5. 
   human ability to sense perception of the world

1. 
   Highlighting the main elements of society, their relationship and interaction, scientists characterize society as

1. 
   system
2. 
   part of nature
3. 
   material world
4. 
   civilization

1. 
   Unlike nature, society

1. 
   is a system
2. 
   is in development
3. 
   acts as a creator of culture
4. 
   develops according to its own laws

1. 
   Are the following judgments about society correct?

A. Society, like nature, is a dynamic system, the individual elements of which interact with each other.
B. Society, together with nature, forms the material world surrounding man.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   The concepts of "development", "interaction of elements" characterize society as

1. 
   dynamic system
2. 
   part of nature
3. 
   the whole world around man
4. 
   unchanging system

1. 
   Are the following statements about society correct?

A. Society is in a state of constant development, which allows us to characterize it as a dynamic system

B. Society in a broad sense is the whole world surrounding a person.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   An example of the interaction of society and nature is

1. 
   global warming in modern conditions
2. 
   change in the demographic structure of the population due to migration
3. 
   development of the sphere of educational services
4. 
   urban growth as a result of the separation of handicrafts from agriculture

1. 
   The relationship between society and nature is characterized by the fact that

1. 
   society has a predominantly negative impact on nature
2. 
   nature completely determines the development of society
3. 
   society does not have a significant impact on nature
4. 
   nature and society influence each other

1. 
   

1. 
   the emergence of the first centers of civilization in the valleys of large rivers
2. 
   the creation of the oldest monument of written law - the laws of Hammurappi
3. 
   pyramid building in ancient egypt
4. 
   collapse of Charlemagne's empire

1. 
   The creation of a network of irrigation facilities in ancient Egypt is an example of the relationship

1. 
   civilizations and religions
2. 
   modes of production and property relations
3. 
   economics and politics
4. 
   society and nature

1. 
   An example of the influence of natural factors on the development of society is

1. 
   creation of a monument of ancient Russian law - "Russian Truth"
2. 
   the coincidence of the territory of settlement of various East Slavic tribes with the basins of large rivers
3. 
   division of the squad into senior and junior
4. 
   the introduction of "lessons" and "graveyards" by Princess Olga

1. 
   The assertion that society is isolated from nature means that it

1. 
   independent of nature
2. 
   does not affect nature
3. 
   different from nature, has a qualitative specificity
4. 
   separated from nature

1. 
   An example of the negative impact of society on nature is

1. 
   draining the swamps around Florence
2. 
   waterlogging of soils as a result of deforestation
3. 
   expansion of cultivated areas as a result of the construction of dams and dams
4. 
   cultivation of vineyards on the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains

1. 
   Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature correct?

A. Historically, society is "older" than nature

B. Society acts as the creator of culture, a kind of "second nature", as if built on top of natural nature.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Are the following judgments about the relationship between society and nature correct?

A. The development of society is in no way connected with the natural world, since society has become isolated from nature

B. Nature has both positive and negative effects on the development of society.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Society as opposed to nature

1. 
   develops under the influence of human activities
2. 
   guided by objective laws of development
3. 
   is a closed system
4. 
   subject to evolutionary change

1. 
   Establish a correspondence between the spheres of society and the elements of public life.

1. 
   The regional administration occupied the premises of the drama theatre. One of the political parties protested, arguing that as a result, citizens with limited access to cultural property suffer. What areas of public life are affected by the current conflict?

1. 
   political and social
2. 
   economic and social
3. 
   political and spiritual
4. 
   economic and spiritual

1. 
   The political organization, at its own expense, issues a large circulation cultural and educational newspaper, in which it criticizes the government's policy towards pensioners. What areas of public life are directly affected by this activity?

1. 
   political and social
2. 
   economic and social
3. 
   political and spiritual
4. 
   economic and spiritual

1. 
   Communication of all spheres of society

1. 
   stems from the integrity of society as a system
2. 
   achieved through political struggle
3. 
   provided by ideological work
4. 
   established by law

1. 
   The emergence of private ownership of the means of production led to increased stratification in society. The connection of what aspects of the life of society was manifested in this phenomenon?

1. 
   social relations and law
2. 
   economics and politics
3. 
   production and distribution
4. 
   economics and social relations

1. 
   Are the following judgments about the interaction of spheres of public life correct?

A. In the context of the economic crisis, the country's president called early parliamentary elections. This is an example of the relationship between the economic and spiritual spheres of public life.

B. The political party has developed and scientifically substantiated a program to overcome the decline in production. This is an example of the relationship between the economic, political and spiritual spheres of public life.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of public life correct?

A. The decline in production causes a decline in the standard of living of the majority of the population

B. Political power can contribute to the successful economic development of the country.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   "Science, morality, religion, philosophy, art, scientific institutions, cultural institutions, religious organizations, the corresponding activities of people cover the (_____________) sphere of society." Enter the word missing in this phrase
2. 
   Establish a correspondence: spheres of life of society - their components
3. 
   What sphere of social life includes relations in the process of material production?

1. 
   economic
2. 
   political
3. 
   social
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   In what sphere of society are the processes of marginalization and stratification taking place?

1. 
   economic
2. 
   social
3. 
   political
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   What sphere of society is represented by religion, science, education?

1. 
   economic
2. 
   political
3. 
   social
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of public life correct?

A. The growth of state appropriations for the production of new types of weapons is an example of the connection between the political and economic spheres of society.

B. Financing of the activities of the museum by a patron is an example of the connection between the economic and spiritual spheres of society.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   Are the following judgments about spheres of public life correct?

A. Spheres of public life are subsystems of society as a whole.

B. All spheres of society are inextricably linked.

a) only A is true b) only B is true c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are wrong

1. 
   One of the subsystems of society as a whole is

1. 
   biosphere
2. 
   nature
3. 
   spiritual culture
4. 
   labor collective

1. 
   Establish a correspondence between the main social institutions and spheres of society.

1. 
   The social sphere of society includes the institution

1. 
   states
2. 
   science
3. 
   production
4. 
   families

1. 
   In the list below, indicate situations related to the political sphere of society.

1. 
   scientific research
2. 
   writing an adventure novel
3. 
   organization of pre-holiday trade
4. 
   holding a referendum on confidence in the president
5. 
   adoption of the law on public organizations
6. 
   production of consumer goods

1. 
   The concepts of "element", "structure", "relationship" characterize society as

1. 
   part of the material world
2. 
   human social environment
3. 
   complete system
4. 
   set of communities

1. 
   Issues of power, the state are resolved in the sphere

1. 
   economic
2. 
   social
3. 
   political
4. 
   spiritual

1. 
   Both society and nature

1. 
   are dynamic systems
2. 
   created in the process of purposeful human activity
3. 
   develop independently of human consciousness
4. 
   are closed systems

1. 
   Nature as opposed to society

1. 
   influenced by human activity
2. 
   is a human habitat
3. 
   changes from lower to higher
4. 
   able to develop independently

1. 
   What trait does not apply to society as a system?

1. 
   static development
2. 
   incomplete development
3. 
   alternative development
4. 
   unpredictability of development

1. 
   Air pollution associated with an increase in the number of cars is an example of the relationship

1. 
   society and nature
2. 
   techniques and technologies
3. 
   civilizations and cultures
4. 
   ecology and morality

1. 
   Definition: "The totality of historically established forms of joint activity of people" refers to the concept

1. 
   society
2. 
   civilization
3. 
   Class
4. 
   formation

1. 
   The main institutions of society are

1. 
   art
2. 
   state
3. 
   personality
4. 
   morality

1. 
   Name any three characteristics of society as a dynamic system.

“Human society is the highest stage in the development of living systems, the main elements of which are people, the forms of their joint activity, primarily labor, products of labor, various forms of property and the age-old struggle for it, politics and the state, a combination of various institutions, a refined sphere of the spirit. Society can also be defined as a self-organized system of behavior and relationships of people with each other and with nature...

The concept of society encompasses not only all living people, but also all past and future generations, i.e. all mankind in its history and perspective. The unification of people into an integral system occurs and is reproduced regardless of the will of its members...

The life of society is not limited to the life of its constituent people. Society creates material and spiritual values ​​that cannot be created by individual people ... Society is a single social organism, the internal organization of which is a set of specific, diverse connections characteristic of a given system, which are ultimately based on human labor. The structure of human society is formed by: production and the production, economic, social relations that develop on its basis, including class, national, family relations; political relations and, finally, the spiritual sphere of society - science, philosophy, art, morality, religion, etc.

People constantly carry out the process of social production of their lives: the production of material goods, the production of people as social beings, the production of the appropriate type of relations between people, the very form of communication and the production of ideas. In society, economic, economic, state, family relations, as well as a number of ideological phenomena are intertwined in the most intricate way ...

It is society that is the main condition for a more or less normal existence and development of people ... ”(A.G. Spirkin)

1. 
   Find in the text and write out two sentences in which the author lists the main elements of society.
2. 
   The author believes that "more or less normal existence and development of people" is possible only in society. Support his opinion with three arguments, using the text and knowledge of the course.
3. 
   Based on the content of the text and knowledge of the social science course, give three proofs that society is “ultimately based on human labor.”
4. 
   Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

In social psychology, ________(1) is understood as two or more ______(2) having common goals and stable relationships, as well as to a certain extent interdependent on each other and perceiving themselves as part of this association.

People unite in social groups according to different _________ (3). First of all, groups allow you to satisfy important psychological or social problems, for example ________ (4) in attention and love, experiencing a sense of belonging. These are subtle but very important needs: imagine life in a full social __________(5).

Groups help achieve _______ (6) that we could not accomplish alone. By collaborating with others, we are able to accomplish tasks that one person cannot handle. Belonging to a group often provides us with a __________(7) that would otherwise be unavailable to us.
Choose from the proposed list of words to be inserted in place of spaces. The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Keep in mind that there are more words in the list than you need. Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap with words.

A) education B) need C) group D) society E) reason

B) socialization G) goal 3) information I) isolation J) individual

1. 
   Find examples of the direct impact of the economy on the social sphere of public life in the list below and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) adoption of state educational standards

2) delayed salary due to the bankruptcy of the enterprise

3) introduction of censorship on state television

4) state guarantee of bank deposits

5) construction by the factory of housing for workers

6) creation of new jobs

1. 
   Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.

(1) The study involved 1503 boys and girls over 18 years of age. (2) They were asked various questions about marriage, divorce, and raising children. (3) As a result of the study, it was found that early marriages more often end in divorce. (4) In our opinion, such marriages destabilize society and exacerbate the crisis of family values.

Determine which provisions of the text are worn

A) actual character

B) the nature of value judgments

1. 
   Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

The characterization of society as _______(1) involves the study of its internal structure. Its main elements are ______ (2) public life and social institutions. Allocate economic, social, political and spiritual spheres. All of them are closely interconnected, as they support the necessary _______ (3) of society. _______(4) in each of the areas solve important social problems. They ensure the production and distribution of various types of __________ (5) as well as the management of the joint _________ (6) people.
The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used one once. Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

A) integrity B) system C) society D) social benefits E) sphere

F) production G) culture 3) social institutions I) activities

1. 
   Insert the missing word in the following sentence: "... the environment is the nature that surrounds a person and on which his existence largely depends"
2. 
   Read the text below with a number of words missing.

“Social institutions provide boundaries and forms of joint activity of people in different areas and differ from each other in their _____________(1). The main institutions of society are __________(2). Without social institutions, no modern society can exist: institutions create the conditions in which human life takes place, and people's lives give rise to and change institutions. The development of social institutions occurs in the course of _________________ (3) society.

Choose from the proposed list the appropriate concepts given in the nominative case. Choose each concept one by one, mentally filling in the gaps. At the same time, there are more options for concepts than gaps.

A) private business B) state C) functional qualities D) economy, family, education, religion E) social needs E) evolution G) joint activities

1. 
   There is a statement: “Everything for a person. It is necessary to produce as many goods for it as possible, and for this it is necessary to "invade" nature, violating the natural laws of its development. Either man, his well-being, or nature and her well-being. There is no third". What is your attitude to this judgment? Justify your answer, based on the knowledge of the social science course, the facts of social life and personal experience.

№ Society as a dynamic system. Spiritual culture of modern society - page №1/2

Section No. 1. Society as a dynamic system. Spiritual culture of modern society.

Test number 1. .

Option number 1

PART A

What sign characterizes society as a system?

A1

A2
One of the hallmarks of a society dynamic system, -

A3
Are the following statements about society correct?

A4
What example illustrates the connection between society and nature?

A5
Which of the following directly illustrates the connection between society and nature?

A6
What sphere of social life is directly represented by the process of production of material goods necessary for society?

A7
Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature correct?

A8
To what sphere of society's life does the holding of regular elections of the head of state belong?

A9
The organization and holding of the international theater festival "Cherry Forest", where young directors present their works, illustrates, first of all, the interconnection of the spheres of public life

A10
Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of public life correct?

PART B

IN 1
Establish a correspondence between the fact and the sphere of public life: for each position given in the first column, select the position from the second column.

1	2	3	4

IN 2
Find examples in the list that illustrate the economic (economic) activities of people, and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.

PART C

C1

Give three examples illustrating the positive impact of society on nature.

Test number 1. Society as a dynamic system. Society and nature.

Option number 2

PART A

A1

Society is characterized by social scientists as

A2

Nature and society are closely linked. An example of a constructive interaction between nature and society is

A3

Are the following statements about society correct?

A4

Society, as a dynamic self-organizing system, is characterized by

A5

Which of the following directly illustrates the connection between society and nature?

A6

Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature correct?

A7

What sphere of public life is directly represented by the process of regulation of social relations?

A8

To what sphere of social life does the introduction of new technologies and the increase in the productivity of social labor belong?

A9

In modern society, the main place is occupied by the "middle strata". It is they who are most active in creating parties and movements, defending the ideas of public control over the activities of the authorities. The example illustrates, first of all, the interconnection between the spheres of public life

A10

Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of public life correct?

PART B

IN 1

Establish a correspondence between the fact and the sphere of public life: for each position given in the first column, select the position from the second column.

Write down the resulting sequence of letters in the table and transfer it to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols).

1	2	3	4

IN 2

Find examples in the list that illustrate the political activities of people and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.

Write the circled numbers in ascending order and transfer them to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols).

Answer: __________________________ .
PART C

C1

The English philosopher G. Buckle wrote: “In the old days, the richest countries were those whose nature was the most abundant; now the richest countries are those in which man is most active. How does this statement reflect the evolution of human society? It was uttered a century and a half ago. How has society changed since then? What, in your opinion, are the main values ​​of modern society? Specify any two values.

Write your answer on a separate sheet or on the back of the form.

1

The ideas of organicism, presented in the socio-philosophical thought of Russia in the 19th century, still have great potential in the study of the structure and development of society. This is evidenced by the numerous appeals of current researchers in the field of philosophy, sociology, political science, etc. to the methodology and principles of organicism, which turned out to be unexpectedly in demand in social and humanitarian knowledge at this stage of development. The idea of ​​social scientists, who were at the origins of organicism, about the historical process as the movement in time of specific interacting and mutually influencing social organisms is still relevant today, because not a single country, state, region can develop without taking into account the world whole. Moreover, ignoring the process of interaction between countries and peoples within the framework of the whole can lead the world to death.

methodological principle.

organic approach

organic concept of society

social organism

organicism

1. Barash, R.E. Memory and tolerance as values ​​of modern society // Ethnos, nation, values: Social and philosophical studies / Scientific editors K.Kh. Momdzhyan, A.Yu. Antonovsky. - M.: Canon +; ROOI "Rehabilitation", 2015. - S. 407 - 437.

2. Kanarsh, G.Yu. The idea of ​​organicism in modern studies of man and society // ZPU. - 2015. - No. 2. - P.50-60.

3. Kuzmina, G.P. Ideas of Organicism in Russian Social Philosophy: dis. … doc. philosophy Sciences. - Cheboksary, 2007. - 297 p.

4. Kuzmina, G.P. Organic trend in Russian social philosophy. - Cheboksary: ​​Chuvash Publishing House. state ped. un-ta, 1998. - 212 p.

5. Kuzmina, G.P., Gavrilova, N.G. Organicism as a theoretical and methodological basis for the worldview of Russian thinkers // Fundamental Research. - 2014. - No. 6 (part 4). -FROM. 867–870.

6. Lossky, N.O. Favorites. -M.: Pravda, 1991. - 624 p.

7. Masloboeva, O.D. Organic conception of truth as the basis of cultural identity // St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Humanities and social sciences. -2014. - Issue. 4(208). - S. 119-128.

8. Momjyan, K.Kh. Social Philosophy. Activity approach to the analysis of man, society, history. Part 1. - M.: Publishing House of Moscow University, 2013. - 400 p. (Classic university textbook).

9. Podzolkova, N.A. The concept of an organism in the philosophy of unity // Principles of organic logic V.S. Solovieva: Reflections on ... Philosophical Almanac / Borchikov S.A. and others - M.: MAKS Press, 2007. - Issue. 10. - S. 81-91.

10. Khabibullina, Z.N. The role of Russian cosmism in the formation of planetary thinking // Philosophy. Tolerance. Globalization: a collection of scientific papers by scientists of the Bashkir Branch of the Russian Philosophical Society, dedicated to the VII Russian Philosophical Congress (Ufa, October 6 - 10, 2015) / scientific. ed. B.S. Galimov. - Ufa: RIC BashGU, 2015. - S. 199-207

Modern researchers are increasingly declaring the importance of the theoretical and methodological heritage of organicism at the current stage of development of science. At the same time, the scope of the principles of organic theory and the understanding of why the ideas of organicism are so in demand in the studies of Russian social scientists of recent decades, and the ideas and theoretical and methodological principles of organicism are widely used by specialists in the field of social philosophy, sociology, political science, differ significantly.

The developer of characterological creatology, an employee of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences G.Yu. Kanarsh, who considers his approach consonant with organicism, believes that the demand for the idea of ​​organicism is partly connected “with the “conservative turn” that has emerged in recent years within Russian society, but also has its reasons in the patterns of evolution of global society” . In his articles “On one of the variants of the natural-science approach in social knowledge” and “The idea of ​​organicism in modern studies of man and society”, he reasonably characterizes organicism as an approach dating back to ancient times. As an example of the application of organicist methodology by Russian scientists at the present stage, the researcher gives several examples. At the same time, the principles of organicism, which, from the point of view of G.Yu. Kanarsh characterizes his positions in the 19th century as "unexpectedly in demand" in the information, post-industrial society, and the appeal of scientists to organicism from his point of view occurs "in search of new methodological foundations for studying society in a situation of global and internal challenges" (italics ours. - N.G., G.K.) . There is a feeling that the organic theory, which has deep historical roots, after a long oblivion, suddenly revived precisely in Russian social and humanitarian knowledge.

However, the widespread use in Russian social science at the present stage of the theoretical and methodological foundations and principles of organicism and the organic theory of society, from our point of view, is due to the established philosophical tradition, which was hushed up in the Soviet period in connection with the assignment of the “biological spillikins” stamp to it. "The Soviet era left a significant imprint on the possibilities of the subsequent development of the theory, which interpreted the idea of ​​organic integrity in a way that was directly opposite to Marxism, suggesting that the violent destruction of the natural ties that exist in society, or the artificial maintenance of such ties, will lead society to death" .

The current striving for the unity of social, humanitarian and natural science knowledge determines the search for new approaches and methods in the study of social processes. There is also a need for the interaction of the methods of sciences that are born at the junctions of different disciplines. The same situation developed in the middle of the 19th century, when the methods of biology were used in the study of society. The transfer of biological patterns to social reality allowed social scientists to see the object under study in a new way. The organic concept, which was in the shadows in the Soviet era, is in demand today more than ever precisely because it makes it possible to explore society from a forgotten angle.

In the work of the modern St. Petersburg researcher O.D. Masloboeva “Russian organicism and cosmism of the 19th - 20th centuries: evolution and relevance” states that organicism was developed on Russian soil in the first half of the 19th century by such scientists as D.M. Vellansky, A.I. Galich, M.G. Pavlov, V.F. Odoevsky, D.V. Venevitinov. However, the Russian organic school, which studies society and social problems using the methods and principles of organicism, arose much later. Sociologists of the 19th century joined forces in the study of acute social problems and created an initiative group to publish the monthly International Sociological Review at the end of 1892. On the basis of this journal, the Sociological Society was formed, and later, in 1893, the International Sociological Institute was founded. Among its first founding members was a senator from St. Petersburg - P. Lilienfeld, who repeatedly made presentations at the institute's congresses and was published in its publications.

It was P.F. Lilienfeld-Toal, whose heritage became available to the scientific community thanks to the research work of G.P. Kuzmina, stood at the origins of the Russian organic school in sociology, focusing his attention not only on the structure and properties of the "social body", but also on the theoretical foundations for building the future social science. Focusing on society as a real social organism, the sociologist did a lot to substantiate the idea of ​​unity, integrity and naturalness of its origin. Noting the diversity of phenomena, P. Lilienfeld emphasized the unity of life, considering it not as a separate, isolated, unique phenomenon, but as a planetary and cosmic phenomenon, historically natural. This idea of ​​life later finds its development in the works of the Russian historian of science V.I. Vernadsky, who pursued the idea of ​​the unity of scientific knowledge, the unity of the laws of nature and society, the relationship of various forms of the movement of matter (inorganic, organic, social).

The concept of "organism" for P. Lilienfeld was equivalent to the concept of "system". According to this installation, it became possible to identify a separate natural organism, a person and society. The organic approach to the study of social phenomena was determined by the philosophical principle of consistency. Organicists sought to combine the principle of systemicity and historicism, overcoming the formal one-sidedness of the structuralist interpretations of the ideas of systemicity, on the one hand, and the phenomenalistic descriptiveness of most evolutionary social concepts, on the other hand.

A view of life as a holistic, planetary and cosmic phenomenon, the definition of a methodological principle that life cannot be understood on the basis of one-sided approaches, consideration of the organism in connection with the whole, that is, with its environment, was characteristic of organic sociologists. However, to understand the evolutionary process, it was not enough to state the integrity of life, it was necessary to understand its organization more deeply, to correctly identify the main, elementary link and elementary processes of biological evolution. For a number of reasons, this became possible only in the 20th century. But it was the socio-philosophical concept of Russian organic sociologists that “fixed the existence of the organic unity of nature and society, drawing attention to their joint co-evolutionary development as an integral socio-natural system” .

Speaking about worldview images that have been formed since the end of the 20th century in the depths of technogenic Western culture, the researcher of Russian cosmism Z.N. Khabibullina notes that “modern science has formed a new vision of the natural environment in which people live. Nature is considered not as a mechanical system, but as an integral living organism. However, we consider it necessary to note that the idea of ​​nature as an integral organism and man as part of a socio-natural whole was actually formed and developed back in the 19th century within the framework of Russian organicism, the natural development of which was the philosophy of Russian cosmism. At the same time, the concepts of Russian cosmists N.F. Fedorova, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, V.I. Vernadsky, A.L. Chizhevsky, as Z.N. Khabibullina, are perceived as "fundamentally new ideas of the modern scientific picture of the world, which relate to ideas about nature and human interaction with it" .

The organic approach appeared in scientific knowledge as a methodological direction, the basis of which was the consideration of social reality as an organism. This approach included a group of methods by which a real object was described as a set of interacting components. P. Lilienfeld repeatedly noted the need for interaction between the methods of social sciences, as well as the fruitfulness of such interaction. For him, sociology is not only a theoretical science, but also an applied one. This idea was new for its time. And at the present stage of the development of social sciences, it can be stated that the heritage of organic sociologists has become an impetus for the deployment of many concepts in sociology, social philosophy, political science, and other areas of social and humanitarian knowledge.

Organic sociologists of the late 19th and early 20th centuries attached great importance to the method of analogy, the objective basis of which is the unity of the structural and functional organization of living systems and its transformation in the process of development. Analogies and homology were the most common methods in social cognition in the 19th century. These methods performed a heuristic function, pushing scientists to a new approach in the study of society. The analogy was used in the study of objects that are known to be characterized by both similar and dissimilar features. It was used only when there is not yet sufficient knowledge about the cause-and-effect relationships that cause the similarity or difference of signs. Great importance was attached to the use of analogies in social research by N.I. Kareev, a prominent scientist of the late XIX - early XX century, historian, author of the article "Organic Theory of Society" in the "Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron", who drew attention to the heuristic function of analogy.

Mentioned in the article by G.Yu. Kanarsh is an essential metaphor for an employee of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences R.I. Sokolova, which draws an analogy between the processes in modern Russian society and a cancerous tumor, is undoubtedly consonant with the Russian magazine controversy of the 60s of the 19th century. Moreover, the concept of social pathology was developed in domestic social science by organic sociologists. “It is most fully presented in the work “Social Pathology” by P.F. Lilienfeld, who explored the nature of social diseases and the possibilities of social body therapy. One of the fundamental foundations of his theory was the conviction that, just as the diseases of any organism are the result of anomalies of simple cells, so a society, which is a collection of individual cells, becomes ill due to a pathological process occurring at the cellular level. The theory of the pathology of the social body, developed by organic sociologists, has found its deep continuation in modern sociological thought in Russia, as evidenced by the doctoral dissertation of Z.A. Zhapuev, devoted not to the therapy of a sick social body, but to the social immunity of Russian society, the factors that influence it, and the strategy for increasing social immunity. Moreover, one of the factors contributing to the restoration of social immunity, Z.A. Zhapuev considers the re-institutionalization of social memory.

Many works of modern Russian social scientists are devoted to the topic of social memory and social amnesia. Against the background of multidirectional geopolitical changes and in connection with the aggravated need for self-identification, large-scale manifestations of social memory appear. A striking example is the "immortal regiment" marching on the 9th of May along the central streets of all Russian cities. This is the collective memory of our country, based on the memory of each individual family. As the researcher of the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences R.E. Barash “the collective memory of the family is often inherited along with family trauma and tragedy. Even if the "heir" of memory did not personally experience the tragedy. Marianne Hirsch's post-memory concept explains a lot here. “Post-memory” is the memory of descendants about personally not experienced significant events of their family. And, as we see in the example of modern Russian society, post-memory can serve as a powerful factor in rallying people and raising public self-awareness.

The theoretical and methodological principles of organicism are also used at the present stage by researchers who identify themselves with such a philosophical direction as non-all-unity. S.A. Borchikov, exploring the All-Unity of Vl.S. Solovyov, develops the theory of organic logic, and N.A. Pozdzolkova in the article "The concept of an organism in the philosophy of unity" through four signs defines what it means to be an organism. At the same time, she notes that "the concept of" the human body "to this day continues to cause a huge number of critical remarks among researchers" and doubts the possibility of people ever "entering the organic unity of the world" . If we turn to the ideas of Russian organics of the 19th century, which undoubtedly influenced the emergence of the All-Unity of Vl.S. Solovyov, we will find out that society, in their understanding, is not something separate, cut off from the natural world and opposed to it. From the point of view of organicism, society is not something supernatural, it is part of a single socio-natural reality, and moreover, the emergence of social reality is a natural consequence of the evolution of the natural world.

A social organism, according to organic sociologists, is a natural organism, a living system, which is characterized by a higher degree of organization and a higher level of development. Described today from the point of view of the biocosmological approach of K. S. Khrutsky and A. V. Karpov, the functioning of the Novgorod veche like an organism, “where each “organ” of the social whole performed strictly its purpose” inevitably gives rise to parallels with the ideas of the Russian philosopher of the early 20th century N .ABOUT. Lossky that absolute Goodness and Truth are possible only in a society where “individuals do not exist absolutely independently, but on the basis of a system of the whole”, while “the most individual is at the same time absolute valuable, valuable both for the individual and for all other individuals, and for the whole. ”V.V. Averyanov and the phenomenon of the Russian artel, compared by G.Yu. Canarsh with modern principles of team building in the West. However, from our point of view, these outwardly similar phenomena have a different nature. The Russian artel can be considered as a special case that characterizes the conciliarity, community, and desire for unity that are immanently inherent in Russians. At the same time, both in the West and in Russia, there is a tendency to select employees based on their value preferences.

In the work of the modern St. Petersburg researcher of organicism and cosmism O.D. Masloboeva "The organic concept of truth as the basis of cultural identity" contains the idea of ​​the need in the current era "for a worldview reorientation from a contemplative (mechanistic) to an activity-dialectical (organic) worldview" . An authoritative specialist in the field of social philosophy K.Kh. Momjyan. From his point of view, society "refers to the highest of the existing types of systemic integrity - organic" , and reflective and value philosophy "are mutually positioned components of the organic system of social consciousness" .

Organic sociologists at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries drew attention to the need to take into account that the historical process is the movement in time of the spatial diversity of specific interacting and mutually influencing social organisms. Today, this position is very relevant, because not a single country, state, region can develop without taking into account the global whole. Moreover, ignoring the process of interaction between countries and peoples within the framework of the whole can lead the world to death. This idea has not lost its relevance today. So K.Kh. Momjyan focuses on the following: "Speaking of history, we mean the holistic process of development and change of interrelated states of the past in the life of a people, a country, individual civilizations, and now the whole of humanity, becoming a functionally and dynamically unified organism" .

In conclusion, it should be noted that many modern trends in the field of social and humanitarian disciplines turn to the ideas of organicism in the interpretation of social development. It seems to us that this expands the horizons of the socio-philosophical knowledge of society, which became possible thanks to the rich heritage left to us by previous generations of Russian social scientists.

Reviewers:

Mikhailova R.V., Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of General Educational Disciplines of the FSBEI HPE "Chuvash State Agricultural Academy", Cheboksary;

Fedotov V.A., Doctor of Philosophy, Professor, Professor of the Department of Philosophy and Methodology of Science, Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ulyanov, Cheboksary.

Bibliographic link

Gavrilova N.G., Kuzmina G.P. ORGANIC CONCEPT OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN RESEARCH OF MODERN SOCIAL SCIENTISTS // Modern problems of science and education. - 2015. - No. 2-2.;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=22923 (date of access: 01.02.2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the publishing house "Academy of Natural History"

Option number 2

PART A

A1

Society is characterized by social scientists as

A2

Nature and society are closely linked. An example of a constructive interaction between nature and society is

A3

Are the following statements about society correct?

A4

Society, as a dynamic self-organizing system, is characterized by

A5

Which of the following directly illustrates the connection between society and nature?

A6

Are the following judgments about the interaction of society and nature correct?

A7

What sphere of public life is directly represented by the process of regulation of social relations?

A8

To what sphere of social life does the introduction of new technologies and the increase in the productivity of social labor belong?

A9

In modern society, the main place is occupied by the "middle strata". It is they who are most active in creating parties and movements, defending the ideas of public control over the activities of the authorities. The example illustrates, first of all, the interconnection between the spheres of public life

A10

Are the following judgments about the relationship between spheres of public life correct?

PART B

IN 1

Establish a correspondence between the fact and the sphere of public life: for each position given in the first column, select the position from the second column. Write down the resulting sequence of letters in the table and transfer it to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols).

IN 2

Find examples in the list that illustrate the political activities of people and circle the numbers under which they are indicated. Write the circled numbers in ascending order and transfer them to the answer sheet (without spaces or other symbols). Answer: __________________________.

PART C

C1

The English philosopher G. Buckle wrote: “In the old days, the richest countries were those whose nature was the most abundant; now the richest countries are those in which man is most active. How does this statement reflect the evolution of human society? It was uttered a century and a half ago. How has society changed since then? What, in your opinion, are the main values ​​of modern society? Specify any two values. Write your answer on a separate sheet or on the back of the form.

Description of the presentation on individual slides:

1 slide

Description of the slide:

Practical work in social science on the topic "Society as a dynamic system". Grade 10

2 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 1 B-1. 1. Highlighting the main elements of society, their interconnection and interaction, scientists characterize society as 1) a system 2) part of nature 3) the material world 4) civilization B-2. 1. Society is characterized by social scientists as 1) a part of the world isolated from nature 2) the entire living world surrounding a person 3) an integral part of nature 4) the unity of living and inanimate nature

3 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 2 B-1. 2. Society, in the understanding of scientists, is: 1) directed development from less perfect to more perfect 2) ways of interaction and forms of unification of people 3) a part of wildlife that obeys its laws 4) the material world as a whole B-2.2. The concept of "development" , "interaction of elements" characterizes society as: 1) a dynamic system 2) part of nature 3) the entire surrounding material world 4) the interaction of people in social groups

4 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 3 B-1. Are the following statements about society correct? A. Society is a system consisting of interrelated and interacting elements. B. Society is a dynamic system in which new elements and connections between them constantly arise and old elements die off. 1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are incorrect C-2. Are the following statements about society correct? A. Society, like nature, is a dynamic system, the individual elements of which interact with each other. B. Society together with nature form the material world surrounding man. 1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong

5 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 4 B-1. Unlike nature, society 1) is a system 2) is in development 3) acts as a creator of culture 4) develops according to its own laws B-2. Nature and society are closely linked. An example of a constructive interaction between nature and society is 1) the depletion of non-renewable natural resources 2) the disappearance of a number of biological species as a result of human activities 3) the creation of biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries 4) soil salinization as a result of land reclamation

6 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 5 B-1. The emergence of private ownership of the means of production led to increased stratification of society. The connection of what aspects of the life of society was manifested in this phenomenon? 1) production, distribution, consumption and the spiritual sphere 2) economics and politics 3) economics and social relations 4) economics and culture B-2. Expanding, the enterprise occupied the premises of the drama theater. One of the political parties protested, arguing that as a result, citizens with limited access to cultural property suffer. This conflict affects 1) the political and social spheres of society's life 2) the political and spiritual spheres of society's life 3) the economic and social spheres of society's life 4) all spheres of society's life

7 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 6 B-1. Which of the following applies to the global problems of our time? 1) the formation of a socially oriented economy 2) the revival of cultural and moral values ​​3) the gap in the level of development between the regions of the planet 4) the development of international cooperation B-2. What characterizes the unity and interdependence of the modern world? 1) the preservation of traditional religions 2) the existence of armed forces in all countries 3) the protection of national identity by laws 4) the development of mass electronic communications

8 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 7 Q-1. Are the following judgments about society correct? A. Among the subsystems and elements of society are social institutions. B. Not all elements of social life are subject to change. 1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are incorrect C-2. Are the following judgments about the global problems of mankind correct? A. Today there is a real threat to the survival of humanity as a biological species. B. In order to survive, humanity must take seriously the preservation of the environment. 1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong

9 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 8 B-1. Which of the following characteristics characterizes an industrial society? 1) the leading role of agriculture 2) the predominance of industry 3) a weak level of division of labor 4) the decisive role of the service sector in the economy B-2. An industrial society is distinguished from other types of society 1) the determining influence of religion on the life of society 2) the relationship of the development of society with the growth of large-scale industry 3) the presence of commodity-money relations 4) the residence of part of the population in cities

10 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 9 B-1. Which of the characteristics is inherent in a traditional society? 1) intensive development of infrastructure 2) computerization of industry 3) the prevalence of the patriarchal type of family 4) the secular nature of culture B-2. Which of the following characteristics characterizes a traditional society? 1) the desire for progress 2) the "continuity" of the historical process 3) the desire to use nature for their own purposes 4) high social mobility

11 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 10. B-1. Country A. with a population of 25 million people is located in the Northern Hemisphere. What additional information will make it possible to judge whether A. belongs to post-industrial societies? 1) The country has a multi-confessional composition of the population. 2) The country has an extensive network of rail transport. 3) Society is managed by means of computer networks. 4) Traditional family values ​​are promoted in the media. IN 2. Country A. with a population of 15 million people is located in the southern hemisphere. What additional information will make it possible to judge whether A. belongs to traditional societies? 1) The basis of the country's economy is agricultural production. 2) The country has a multinational population. 3) The country is located in two parts of the world. 4) The supreme power in the country is inherited.

12 slide

Description of the slide:

TASK 11. Explain the concepts: B-1. Society Evolution of society Progress Reform Sociogenesis Industrial society B-2. Anthropogenesis Revolution Regression Civilization Traditional society Information society