Saint Petersburg, Russia St. Petersburg Legal address Politekhnicheskaya street, 29 Website www.spbstu.ru Media files at Wikimedia Commons
Object of cultural heritage of Russia of federal significance
reg. No. 781720875180006(EGROKN)
object No. 7810224000(Wikipedia DB)
SPbPU at Wikimedia Commons
SPbPU at Wikinews

St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great(FGAOU VO SPbPU, full name - federal state autonomous educational institution higher education "Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University", informal name - Polytech) - Russian state higher educational institution.

General information

The university includes 12 basic institutes, faculties additional education, a branch in the city of Sosnovy Bor, a complex of research units, including a joint scientific and technological institute, scientific and educational centers, a number of specialized research and production structures, a sports complex, a dispensary and recreation centers. Provides graduation of engineers, economists, managers in 101 specialties, bachelors and masters in 51 areas of science and technology, graduate students in 90 scientific specialties. Contingent of students: 30197 human. The teaching staff includes 25 academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 500 professors, doctors of sciences.

Included in the top five technical universities in the country.

In July 2013, the university was among the winners of the competition for the status of "Leading Universities of Russia".

The nearby Politekhnicheskaya Street and the Politekhnicheskaya metro station are named after the university.

background

Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Peter the Great -

Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University

St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Peter the Great (1909-1918)
First Petrograd Polytechnic Institute (1918-..)
Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Kalinina
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
National Research St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University (2009-..
SPbGPU im. Peter the Great (2014-..)

Hostel complex:

Now - St. Petersburg Polytechnic University.

Library. Typography

Polytechnic bookmark. In one of the distant outskirts of St. Petersburg, in the suburban area "Sosnovka", owned by the Ministry of Finance, on June 18, the solemn laying of the first in size and broad internal organization of a higher specialized educational institution, the so-called polytechnicum, took place. This institute will have four departments: financial and economic and metallurgical. The Institute with all the necessary services will occupy a huge area - about 15 acres, and will include the following buildings: the main building, which will concentrate all the audiences (about 20), the metallurgical department, drawing rooms, an assembly hall, libraries, a museum; its length is over 100 sazhens. Among the audiences will be those that will accommodate too 600 people. Near. another building is under construction. This is the chemical pavilion, which will house the chemical laboratory. Next come: a building for mechanical workshops and boiler houses, a hostel for 800 people, a building for apartments for professors, directors, etc. The main building will have three floors, the chemical pavilion - two and the hostel - 4 floors. So far, only three buildings have been laid - the main one, the chemical pavilion, and the hostel. By autumn, the buildings will be completed in rough construction, and in the fall of 1901 it is planned to open an institute, in which 1,800 students can be admitted for the first time. The program, curriculum and regulations for the institute have not yet been developed. So far, the Ministry of Finance has allocated about 2,890 thousand rubles for the construction of the Polytechnic. In order to speed up the construction, an electrical transmission of mechanical energy was installed. Approximately 1,700 workers work on the construction site.

("Builder", 1900, No. 11-14, stb. 513-514, added miraru1)

On September 30, 1909 (in the 10th anniversary year), the Council of the Institute decided to petition the sovereign to name the university after Emperor Peter the Great. On January 19, 1910, Nicholas II signed the Decree "On the assignment of the name "St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Peter the Great" to the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute." The university had this name until 1918: before the Decree of the People's Commissariat of Education on the abolition of diplomas and certificates, ranks, titles and degrees (the professorial council of the institute was subject to dissolution, departments at institutes were renamed into faculties, the director became rector). On July 5, 1918, the institute became known as the First Petrograd Polytechnic Institute.

→ On the history of the creation of information-measuring, computing and control complexes for space research in the USSR (contribution of scientists from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M.I. Kalinin)

On the history of the creation of information-measuring, computing and control complexes for space research in the USSR (contribution of scientists from the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M.I. Kalinin)

A. Yu. Glebovsky, V. M. Ivanov

The role of space projects in the development of fundamental and applied sciences

“... A person should strive beyond the limits of what is achievable.
Otherwise, why heaven?
Robert Browning
poem "Andrea del Sarto", line 98

Significant stimuli and sources of scientific and technological progress are the efforts and achievements in the military fields, related, in particular, to the creation of new methods of early warning and remote tracking of objects, orientation on the ground, the creation of traffic control systems for cargo delivery vehicles and combat operations. Research in the military-technical fields contributed to the development of the most important areas of fundamental and applied sciences, including nuclear physics, optics, acoustics, cybernetics, automatic control theory, communication and coding theory, cryptology, computer science, logistics, etc.

The fruits of defense scientific research discoveries have made it possible to create a wide range of new sources of energy, materials, technologies, modes of transport, computing, telecommunications, robotic and intelligent systems, the use of which on a global scale for peaceful purposes can hardly be overestimated. Suffice it to recall that the first electromechanical (Z3 in Germany, Magk-1 in the USA) and electronic (ENIAC in the USA) computers were created to solve ballistic problems - calculating the trajectories of projectiles during firing, and subsequently the trajectories of missiles.

Advances in rocket technology have ushered in an era of exploration outer space in scientific and practical purposes, opened up new horizons for fundamental geophysical, meteorological, environmental and astrophysical research, made it possible to create new types of satellite communications and geopositioning.

At the end of the 60s. within the framework of the DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) project in the USA, with the participation of three leading universities, the defense network ARPAnet was created. A group of graduate students led by Professor Leonardo Kleinrock at UCLA University (Los Angeles) developed a packet network architecture based on a hierarchy of protocols on which the modern Internet is based.

The middle of the last century passed in the conditions of ideological and military-political confrontation between the USA and the USSR, which led to their fierce rivalry in strategically important areas of science and technology, primarily related to the development of nuclear missile potential and space technologies of these countries.

The news about the launch of the first satellite in the USSR on October 4, 1957 was commented in the American press as their national humiliation. The new successful space launches that followed in the USSR and, especially, the orbital flight of Yu.A. Gagarin, became new surprises for the USA. In rocket technology, both countries were at about the same level at that time. However, it was unexpected for the West that, despite the seemingly obvious lag in electronic technology, the USSR had some “secret” effective means of processing trajectory measurements in real time, necessary to ensure multiple successful launches of launch vehicles.

The veil of secrecy was removed only in the early 90s, and in some departmental materials there were brief references to the work of that period, carried out at the LII. M.I. Kalinin at the department and in the Design Bureau, headed by Professor T.N. Sokolov. Over the past 20 years, half a dozen publications devoted to this topic have been published, including collections of memoirs of participants in the events.

For a wide range of readers, the most interesting fundamental monograph. It is unique in its breadth of coverage, educational role for the younger generation, depth of consideration and literary manner of presenting the material. The title page shows its full name: Tutorial on work and life, or an entertaining documentary story about how the youth of the experimental design bureau of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute under the guidance of Professor T.N. Sokolova created the first domestic system for automated control of missile forces strategic purpose". Corporate chronicle publications were also published describing the main milestones in the development of NPO "Impulse" and the personal achievements of its employees.

Goals and objectives of the article

Unfortunately, all the publications mentioned above were published by the publishing houses of St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University and NGOs in small editions, which were distributed by subscription. They are available to a limited contingent of readers in some scientific and technical libraries.

Search queries on English-language sources on the Internet bring only a few fragmentary information about the Signal command and control system for space objects developed at the NPO. Newspaper article Washington Post period of perestroika (March 15, 1998) expressed concern about financial problems in the NGO "Impuls" and, as a result, the potential threat of collapse Russian system missile defense (!). Here's everything we could find.

I remember the words of Prof. B.E. Aksenov, who headed the Department of IMS in the 90s. He said something like this. “At the end of the 60s. the telecommunications laboratory at the Design Bureau and a group of researchers on a defense project in the United States independently and successfully solved the problem of creating packet networks of computers for their national defense systems. Now the developments of DARPA are known to the whole world, while our achievements in this area are published, basically, only in departmental reports.

In general, it seems that the activities of Prof. T.N. Sokolov, the scientific school he created for automated control of complex distributed systems, historically important projects, research and results that have long been declassified, all this remains “widely known, but in narrow circles” today.

The purpose of this article is to ensure that the information below becomes the property of a wider circle of the scientific and technical community, teachers and students in our country. We believe that these pages in the history of the creative competition of countries in the fields of computer technology and telecommunications can also be perceived with interest in academic and engineering circles abroad.

It does not consider the problems of cooperation and rivalry between related and competing organizations ("Sokolov Department", OKB / NPO "Impulse", OKB "Rainbow", NIIAA, plant named after M.I. Kalinin, etc.), who did a common job and claimed to receive government orders and to lead in the implementation of government regulations. The details of the distribution of roles and personal achievements of participants in various projects are not discussed. Such information, which is of value primarily for corporate information, is covered in great detail by the heads of these organizations, their leading employees and participants in the events - the authors of articles in the above-mentioned collections.

On the example of one of the outstanding domestic scientific schools and research and production organizations, the presentation focuses on the fundamental moments of the formation of university science in the period under review. The patterns of development and "vegetative reproduction" of generations of creative teams are traced.

The inseparable connection of university education with the participation of students in fundamental and applied research, in scientific seminars, as well as in real projects at the departments is noted. The principle of involving students in research work, which originated in scientific institutions established about a century ago on the initiative of Professor A.F. Ioffe, and the famous creative "spirit of Phystech" were inherited by the departments of the Physics and Mechanics, and then the radio engineering faculties of the LPI. The most active students were involved in research and projects carried out at the department and in the Design Bureau, led by Professor T.N. Sokolov.

The formation of the scientific school of Professor T.N. Sokolova

Anticipating the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the St. Petersburg Emperor Peter the Great of the Polytechnic Institute, materials were published summarizing the achievements of the Institute's leading scientists. The collection of materials on the scientific ambassador of automated control systems (ACS), the founder of which was Professor Taras Nikolaevich Sokolov, was called "Swift Rise".

Can't think of a better name! This is evidenced creative biography Taras Nikolayevich himself, the range of new scientific directions initiated and supported by him, scientific achievements his closest followers and numerous students (T.K. Krakau "T.N. Sokolov"). The level and scope of projects carried out under his leadership on a national scale were highly appreciated and awarded the highest government awards. Chronology of the main milestones of formation and development scientific school T.N. Sokolov is given in the Appendix and testifies to the unusually high rates of acceleration of work in all areas of this fruitful activity.

Starting with the department, which in 1952 had only 3 teachers (later 3 engineers joined), T.N. Sokolov organized two problematic laboratories with her - one of them on the then new subject of computers of "discrete action". They soon employed about a hundred talented engineers and scientists(1957-1960). Then, in 1961, the LPI Design Bureau was created. The initial contingent of 500 of its employees doubled by 1963. The successes achieved in the first 10 years by the teams of teachers of the department and employees of the OKB are striking. The range of theoretical research and engineering developments was rapidly expanding. Their extremely high level is evidenced by publications in the issues of collections of specialized series Proceedings of the LPI, edited by T.N. Sokolova.

During the first 4 years, a series of analog computers (ACM) "Model1" - "Model4" was created to solve systems of nonlinear differential equations high order, which made it possible to study the dynamics of various moving objects in conjunction with real equipment. Developing the direction formed at the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics (see appendix), the department increased experience in the field of automatic control of the movement of aircraft, missiles and torpedoes, developed AVM, tracking systems and dynamic stands. A successful debut provided the potential necessary for the second round of the department's evolution. There is a need to create automated systems with digital data processing in the control loop.

Project of trajectory measurements, calculators "Quartz" and "Temp"

In 1956, the government of the USSR decided to start work on launching satellites into orbit using ballistic missiles. To determine the parameters of the missile trajectories, a chain of measuring points (IP) was created, equipped with radar stations (RLS) developed by OKB MPEI. In the era of analog technology, measurement data was intended for displaying coordinates on an oscilloscope, but not for processing them in real time. Accordingly, the problem arose of digitizing, processing, storing and sending data to the computer center. The development of a “converting, averaging and storage device” (POZU) docked with the radar was entrusted to the LPI. Scientific supervisor of the project - T.N. Sokolov, the term for putting the system into operation is one and a half years.

The task was solved. The analog data of the trajectory of a flying object coming from the radar sensors (polar coordinates - range, elevation and azimuth) were digitized with reference to a single time, averaged, stored in a memory on a magnetic tape, and then transmitted via long-distance communication channels to the computer center. By the way, the Hamming code with error correction was first used here (B.E. Aksyonov). The complex for processing the results of trajectory measurements in real time required the creation of a calculator, which was given the code name "Quartz". It was the country's first specialized digital computer based on PDE ferrite-diode logic elements. The choice of such, at that time, new elements made it possible to increase reliability with smaller dimensions than that of vacuum tubes (transistor technologies were still in their infancy in the USSR).

To speed up the commissioning, by order of the Minister of Education of the RSFSR, senior students of the faculty were involved. In the spring of 1958, Quartz vehicles were installed on five SP along the flight path of launch vehicles and satellites, serviced by teachers and students. When the 3rd satellite was launched on May 15, 1958, it was possible to automate trajectory measurements. The accuracy of determining the distance to a space object has reached 25 m at distances up to 1000 km. .

In the new generation PDE, germanium diodes were used, and the reliability increased dramatically. To replace the POZU "Quartz" until the 70s, hundreds of machines of the "Temp" series were manufactured, including for sea-based IP, and other specialized systems.

However, PDE semiconductor valve parts increased energy costs, depended on external radiation, required complex installation of multi-turn windings of rings, and introduced other undesirable consequences. From these shortcomings, theoretically, "diodeless" ferrite elements could be free.

Creation of our own unique highly reliable element base

The reliability and durability of the element base were key factors for the projects carried out by the department. The idea of ​​abandoning semiconductor parts since 1959 became the basis of her developments. The schemes proposed by L. Russell, and later S. Yochelson, turned out to be unacceptable in practice. In 1961, the department was created fundamentally the new kind ferrite-ferrite logic elements (FFE). The invention was registered in 1964. Appeared and open publications, which describe the variants of the PFE with one and two pairs of information cores, realizing, respectively, the functions of two to four logical variables . These elements played a decisive role in the successful implementation by the department of all subsequent projects of national importance, despite the fact that the PFE has a fundamentally lower speed than the PDE, and more complex clock power sources are required.

The advantages greatly outweighed the disadvantages. Single-turn core firmware, simple installation of through windings, fewer electrical connections, simplified manufacturing technology and lower cost have become available. These elements carried out non-destructive reading, retained information when the power was turned off, were resistant to penetrating radiation, operated in an extended temperature range and provided the highest possible reliability indicators - failure rate< 10" 9 1/час. Используя три состояния информационной пары сердечников и трёхфазное тактовое питание, можно было обрабатывать троичную информацию (1, 0, Т), чем достигалось значительное уменьшение объёма оборудования . На этой элементной базе были созданы специализированные вычислители различного назначения наземного, авиационного и морского базирования .

However, all the advantages of the FFE listed above were fully realized only with the transition from structurally separate logic elements to functional blocks arranged from them - ferrite-ferrite boards (FFP). The prerequisites for this were created in 1960-61. during the implementation of the project for the development of the ground-based complex "Mikron" for the control of ballistic missiles. A number of innovations have been proposed. Most importantly, the concept of constructive integration of the functional components of the product into monolithic, compound-filled, specialized functional blocks, called ferrite-ferrite boards (FFP), was put forward and practically implemented. In fact, these were hand-made integrated circuits (F.A. Vasiliev). As a result of further improvement of circuit, design and technological solutions and methods of algorithmic design, a wide range (dozens of types) of unified FFPs was created and their mass production was launched.

Legends continue to circulate about the reliability, strength, operational stability and durability of the FFP. According to Professor Anatoly Mikhailovich Alexandrov, Deputy Chief Designer of NPO Impuls for Research, for 40 years not a single obvious failure of equipment in operated systems has been recorded (!).

As for the fundamentally low speed of the PFE (clock frequency of the order of 1000 kHz), the low speed of their switching was largely compensated for by the parallel-pipeline principle of information processing inherent in ferrite boards. Like analog machines, FFP processors were designed in such a way that calculations were performed simultaneously by the entire set of specialized digital hardware clocked modules (boards), which in parallel implement the logic for performing specific operations “hardwired” into them.

Thus, in the process of fulfilling this task, it was possible to solve fundamentally important and seemingly insurmountable problems in the existing conditions of building ultra-reliable distributed systems of automatic control and management in space and defense areas. At the end of 1961, there was significant event. To expand work on the subject of automated combat control systems (ASBU) in the rocket and space fields, an experimental design bureau was created at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. M.I. Kalinin (OKB LII). The head and chief designer of the OKB LII is Professor Taras Nikolaevich Sokolov.

Directions of research and scope of tasks to be solved

In the 70s, creative groups were formed that, under the guidance of their leaders, developed promising scientific areas directly related to the subject of research carried out at the Department of IMS and at the Design Bureau at LPI. Later, a number of recognized scientific schools were formed, created by the leading professors of the department, and two “daughter” departments were also formed (see appendix).

The diversification of the scientific directions established at the department was due to the unusually wide scale of work on the creation of fundamentally new wide-area distributed combat control systems that met the extremely stringent requirements for their operational properties.

In 1966 T.N. Sokolov wrote in the editorial preface to the 1st edition of the above-mentioned collections of articles: “The development of large information and control systems is currently moving towards the creation of logical and computing machines with an ever-increasing complexity of the logical structure, with the unification of geographically dispersed computing devices by communication channels. ..” .

This was said three years before the creation of the defense network in the United States, which gave rise to the global Internet. 15 years later, the goals of the ARPAnet project were published in a very close formulation in a public report by BBN, a contractor for the defense research agency DARPA. . It should be noted that the architecture of wide-area "packet" networks in its modern form was embodied in the ISO / OSI reference model only in 1984.

The point, however, is not so much that the concepts of information and control systems created at the department (later at the Design Bureau) were far ahead of the analogues of that time known to our developers. The uniqueness of her projects for creating a hierarchical architecture of wide-area complexes of specialized highly reliable automated control systems was as follows. The development of mathematical and algorithmic aspects at all levels of the hierarchy of systems created at the department during the projects was carried out almost simultaneously, starting from the study of the data transmission environment and the creation of models of physical communication channels, methods of noise-immune coding, data packaging and transmission, switching methods, options for storing and displaying results , up to application algorithms. In parallel, the Design Bureau carried out end-to-end design of all engineering and technological aspects, including the element base, ferrite core material, structural modules (board - block - rack - section), power supplies and equipment.

Thus, in contrast to the same ARPAnet, large-scale projects of the Department and Design Bureau, such as the creation of an automated control system, covered in a complex all aspects and aspects of the problem being solved and, accordingly, required the creative participation of many highly qualified specialists from various fields - physicists, radio engineers, technologists, circuit engineers, system engineers, mathematicians, programmers, etc.

Unique groups of software and hardware developers, research, design and production teams have been formed, the integral scientific and technical potential of which provided a comprehensive approach to the implementation of the most important state orders, which for many years became the key to successfully solving a number of strategic tasks in the development of domestic space technology in fundamental research and development. defense purposes. Created by T.N. Sokolov, the Department of IMS, NPO "Impulse", as well as affiliated departments and research and production associations are successfully operating at the present time and continue to develop.

Application.

Chronology and scope of relevant events

Dates/Years

Scale: event

USSR: massive German air raids on Kronstadt, detection using the Redut-3 radar (LFTI) made it possible to minimize losses.

USA: Japanese air attack on v-m base Pearl Harbor, heavy casualties.

USA - USSR: W. Churchill's speech at Fulton College, Missouri, marks the beginning of " cold war”(the end of the period will come in 1991).

October 1949

Leningrad: in LPI im. M.I. Kalinin (LPI) at the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics (FMF) the department "Automatic motion control" was created.

After 2 years, the department was headed by Professor Taras Nikolaevich Sokolov.

January 1952

LPI: the Faculty of Radio Engineering (RTF) was created, in its composition the Department No. 4, “Mathematical and Calculating Instruments and Devices”, became known as the “Sokolov Department”.

Department of Sokolov: 1st graduation - 6 engineers, 2nd graduation - 15 engineers.

Department of Sokolov: a series of AVMs "Model1" - "Model4" is being created to solve problems of automatic control of the movement of aircraft, missiles and torpedoes.

USA-USSR: the years of the beginning and end of the period " space race».

Department of Sokolov: the beginning of work on the project "Quartz".

Department of Sokolov: the first 2 problem laboratories have been created and are developing.

February 1958

USA: DARPA, an innovative defense projects agency, was created to coordinate, in particular, rocket and space research.

USSR: ISZ-Z launched. For the processing of trajectory data received from the radar, POZU "Quartz" was used for the first time at 5 measuring points (IP).

USA: President D. Eisenhower approves plans for the national space program. The national aerospace agency NASA is created.

USSR: During this period, support for launches of rockets, "lunar" and satellite flights in the USSR is carried out using the "Quartz" POZU.

USSR: Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN) were created. The concept of "combat duty" is being introduced and implemented in the Strategic Missile Forces.

Department of Sokolov: development, implementation to replace "Quartz" and operation until 1975 of improved specialized ICM - "Temp-1".

Department of Sokolov: development of the layout of the airborne missile VU "Mikron". Fundamentally new solutions have been found that laid the foundation for the future element base based on ferrite-ferrite boards (FPCs).

USSR: Yu.A. Gagarin. The department provided data processing of the trajectory "Vostok-1" by machines "Quartz" and "Temp-1" at IP.

USA: suborbital flight of American astronaut Alan Sheppard.

LPI: the experimental design bureau "OKB LII" was created. Regardless of subsequent renaming, it will be known as the Sokolov Design Bureau.

USA: Orbital flight (3 orbits) of American astronaut John Glenn.

USSR - USA: a new phase of the space race (Moon Race) - US President John F. Kennedy announces the national project of landing a man on the moon.

USSR: S.P. died. Korolev. The world learned the name of the General Designer.

Department of Sokolov: the second renaming, the department receives a modern name - "Information and Control Systems" (IMS).

T.N. Sokolov was appointed Chief Designer of the Automated Control System for the Strategic Missile Forces (ACS of the Strategic Missile Forces).

USA: DARPA on the instructions of the DoD (DoD) is deploying work to create a defense computer network(ARPAnet), which became the "embryo" of the Internet.

USA: "Apollo 1", the landing of astronauts N. Armstrong and E. Aldrin on the moon.

USSR: Adopted by the ACS of the Strategic Missile Forces of the 1st generation (“OKB at LPI”),

Design Bureau at LPI: to replace the Temp machines, a new generation ILM Buffer-IM (manufactured at the Kalinin plant) was created.

April 1972

USSR - USA: the Soyuz-Apollo project is the end of confrontation in space.

Design Bureau at LPI: one of its subdivisions "OKB at LPI" is separated and acquires the status of a separate Design Bureau "Rainbow" as part of the NPO Krasnaya Zarya.

OKB at LPI: transformation into OKB "Impulse" (Ministry of Higher Education of the RSFSR).

USSR: the 2nd generation ASBU Strategic Missile Forces of the 2nd generation, created in cooperation with the Impulse Design Bureau and other organizations, was adopted.

OKB "Impulse": a new basic logic element has been created to replace the FFE.

September 1979

T. I. Sokolov graduated from his life path (17.04.1911-15.09.1979).

International Organization for Standards ISO: Interoperability Reference Model Created open systems EMVOS (ISO/OSI).

USSR: the 1st stage of the ASBU of the Strategic Missile Forces of the 3rd generation, created at the Impulse Design Bureau (in cooperation with other organizations), was put into operation.

Department of IMS: the "subsidiary" department of KIT separated. Head prof. A.M. Yashin.

December 1991

USSR: the collapse of the state. As a result, the end of the Cold War period.

Department of IMS: a "subsidiary" department of the RVKS was created. Head prof. SOUTH. Karpov.

The Russian Federation: the 2nd stage of the ASBU of the Strategic Missile Forces of the 3rd generation was put into operation - the development of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO "Impulse".

FSUE NPO "Impulse": celebrating its 40th anniversary.

October 2012

SPbSPU: the Faculty of Technical Cybernetics (FTC) was reorganized into the current Institute of Information Technologies and Control (IITU).

Bibliography

  1. Sat. Proceedings of LPI series “Theory and technology of computing devices”(Issue No. 1). Ed. series T.N. Sokolov. Proceedings of LPI No. 275. M.-L., “Energy”, 1967. - 183 p.
  2. Sat. Proceedings of LPI series “Theory and technology of information and control systems”(Issue No. 1). Ed. series T.N. Sokolov. Proceedings of the LPI No. 302. L .: Publishing House of the LPI, 1970. - 182p.
  3. Roads to space. Memoirs of veterans of rocket and space technology. / Sat. articles in 2 volumes. - M.: MAI Publishing House, 1992.
  4. Rapid takeoff. Formation and development of the scientific school of Professor T.N. Sokolova. / Sat. Art. under. ed. prof. V.S. Tarasov. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State Technical University, 1995. - 184 p.
  5. Mikhailov B.G., Petukhov V.E., "NPO "Impulse"" and large information and management systems. Scientific and technical statements of St. Petersburg State Technical University No. 1 (19). - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of St. Petersburg State Technical University, 2000. - p. 172-180.
  6. At the turn of the millennium or "Impulse" yesterday, today, tomorrow. (On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise NPO Impulse) / Ed. Mikhailov B.G., Shpagin S.V. and others - St. Petersburg: 2001. - 207 p.
  7. Chertok B.E. Rockets and people(in 4 volumes). Volume 3: Hot days of the cold war. 3rd ed. - M.: "Engineering", 2002. - 527 p.
  8. On the history of the formation of the “nuclear button” of Russia./ Sat. articles. Authors-compilers: Petukhov V.E., Zhukov V.A., et al.
  9. History of computer science and cybernetics in St. Petersburg (Leningrad). Out. 1. Vivid fragments of history// Collection under the total. ed. corresponding member RAS R.M. Yusupov; compiled by M.A. Wus; Institute of Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2008. - 356 p.
  10. Yashin A.M., Zhukov V.A.. ACS of the Rocket Forces - a child of the Design Bureau of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. - St. Petersburg: SPbGPU, 2006. - 344 p.
  11. Boris Evseevich Chertok. “Rockets and People, Volume III, Hot Days of the Cold War”. NASA History Series. 2009. - 796 p.
  12. Thomas C. Reed “At the abyss. An insider's history of the cold war.” random house. 2007. - 384p.
  13. Louis A. Russell.(IBM Corp. N.Y.), magnetic core circuit. Filed Mar. 5.1957 Ser. no. 644.118. Patent No. 2,974,310, patented Mar 7, 1961, United States Patent Office.
  14. Saul B. Yochelson “Diodeless core logic circuits". - NCR IRE, WCRpart4, 1960, pp. 82 - 95.
  15. A history of the ARPAnet: the first decade. BBN Report No.4799 DARPA, Arlington, VA. 1981.


Plan:

    Introduction
  • 1. History
    • 1.1 Founding 1899-1914
    • 1.2 1914-1941
    • 1.3 1941-1991
    • 1.4 Present tense
  • 2 Names
  • 3 Structure
    • 3.1 Basic faculties
    • 3.2 Faculties of retraining of specialists and additional education
    • 3.3 Evening department
    • 3.4 Branches
  • 4 Leaders
    • 4.1 Rectors and directors
    • 4.2 Presidents
  • 5 Main building
  • 6 SPbSPU Fundamental Library
  • 7 Famous teachers
  • 8 Famous Alumni
    • Notes

Introduction

Coordinates: 60°00′25.7″ N sh. 30°22′30.57″ E d. /  60.007139° N sh. 30.375158° E d.(G) (O) (I)60.007139 , 30.375158

St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University(SPbSPU, full name - State educational institution of higher education "St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University", informal name - Polytech) is a higher educational institution in St. Petersburg. Belongs to the group of national research universities Russia.

Founded in 1899. It is one of the largest and most famous technical universities in Russia. Invariably occupies a leading position in the ranking of technical universities in Russia.

The university includes 20 basic faculties, 6 faculties and additional education courses, branches in the cities of Cheboksary, Sosnovy Bor, Cherepovets. Provides graduation of engineers, economists, managers in 101 specialties, bachelors and masters in 34 areas of science and technology, graduate students in 90 scientific specialties. As of January 1, 2007, 18,050 people studied full-time at the university, in total - more than 28,000 people. The teaching staff includes more than 20 academicians and corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 500 professors, doctors of sciences.

SPbGUEF, SPbGMTU and SPbVITU were formed on the basis of the faculties of SPbSPU.

The nearby Politekhnicheskaya Street and the Politekhnicheskaya metro station are named after the university.


1. History

1.1. Founding 1899-1914

Founded February 19, 1899 in accordance with the instructions of the Prime Minister Russian Empire S. Yu. Witte as St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute named after Peter the Great. Witte's closest associates in organizing the SPbPI were Deputy Minister of Finance V. I. Kovalevsky and the outstanding chemist D. I. Mendeleev, who also became the actual founders of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. All three were subsequently elected honorary members of the institute, and their portraits were installed in the Council Hall.

Main building, photograph 1902

Auditorium of the New Institute, 1902

The architect E.F. Wirrich created the campus, consisting of educational, residential and utility buildings, forming courtyards and driveways. In 1902, classes began at the economic, electromechanical, shipbuilding and metallurgical departments, which at that time represented the most promising branches of technology for Russia.

In 1905, after the execution of a demonstration on Palace Square on January 9, classes at the institute were suspended and resumed only in the autumn of 1906. Since the beginning of studies, the Institute has been actively developing. Already in 1907, new departments were opened: engineering and construction, mechanical and chemical. In December of the same year, the first defenses of graduation theses took place.

In 1909, at the shipbuilding department, aeronautics courses were created for students of technical departments and officers, which became the first aviation school in Russia. In 1911, the first higher automobile school in Russia was opened at the shipbuilding department. By 1914, more than 6,000 people were studying at the departments of the Polytechnic Institute.


1.2. 1914-1941

With the outbreak of the First World War, many students and teachers went to the front. A hospital was deployed in one of the institute's buildings. By 1917, no more than 3,000 students remained at the institute. On the basis of the institute there were courses for the training of pilots and mechanics, as well as ship radio telegraph operators. Laboratories and departments of the Institute participated in the development of weapons for the army.

In 1918, the work of the institute was practically suspended. After October revolution many teachers left St. Petersburg and Russia. During the period civil war the institute was practically not financed, had no fuel. By 1919, no more than 500 students remained at the institute. However, life at the institute did not stop. In March 1919, the world's first Faculty of Physics and Mechanics was organized to train engineers, physicists and researchers, which had no analogues in the world. Soon it was decided to establish a chemical faculty. In December 1919, due to the mobilization of students, the institute was practically empty, although scientific work continued.

In 1921, the physical and technical department was transformed into an institute, and in 1923 it received its own building opposite the park of the institute. Despite such a separation, students of physics departments practiced in the laboratories of the Physicotechnical Institute, and most of its employees were teachers at the Polytechnic University.

After the end of the civil war, the activities of the Institute began to recover. In 1922, the number of students reached 2000. And in the fall, another faculty appeared at the institute - industrial agriculture, organized instead of closed agricultural institutes.

By the end of the 1920s, the number of students had reached 8,000. In 1929, two new faculties appeared: water management and aircraft engineering.

In 1930, by the decision of the Commission of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR on the reform of higher and secondary education, narrow-profile institutes were formed on the basis of the Polytechnic University, which were transferred to the jurisdiction of the relevant ministries. On the basis of the LPI, the following were formed: the Hydrotechnical Institute, the Institute of Industrial Construction Engineers (now the Nikolaev Military Engineering and Technical University), the Shipbuilding, Aviation, Electrical, Chemical-Technological, Metallurgical, Machine-Building, Industrial Agriculture, Physical and Mechanical, Leningrad Financial and Economic and All-Union Boiler and Turbine Institute. Formally, the Polytechnic Institute ceased to exist on June 30, 1930. The educational process was disrupted, since the laboratories and workshops belonged to different institutes, which, in turn, belonged to different departments.

Already in the summer of 1933, the Commission for Higher Education was forced to resolve economic disputes between individual industry institutes, and in April 1934 they were united as faculties as part of the newly created Leningrad Industrial Institute (LII). By the beginning of 1935, the LII was the largest technical university in the country, in which more than 10 thousand students and graduate students studied, 940 professors and teachers, 2600 workers and employees worked.


1.3. 1941-1991

During the years of the Great patriotic war More than 3,500 students and employees of the Polytechnic University went to the front. In February 1942, the Polytech was evacuated. First to Pyatigorsk, and then to Tashkent. In 1943, scientific and educational work began in Tashkent.

The restoration of the institute began immediately after the blockade was lifted in 1944. Since October 1946, the Polytechnic Institute became subordinate to the USSR Ministry of Higher Education, which granted the institute the right to work according to its own curricula and programs. The number of students at LPI has approached three thousand.

In 1948, the first detachment of students in the USSR in the amount of 340 people left for the construction of the Alakusskaya hydroelectric power station.

Since 1950, much attention has been paid to the training of specialists for all-Union construction projects. At the Faculty of Civil Engineering, the training of hydraulic engineers began, and at the Metal Plant, an evening department of the LPI was organized to train turbine engineers.

In 1953, LPI was one of the donor universities that sent 224 of its graduate students to the army as part of the “Stalinist Special Forces-1953” to complete their education at the Military Academy. F. E. Dzerzhinsky, who did a lot for the defense of the country and space exploration (including Shmartsev Yu. V., Lyubomudrov A. A., Dolgov A. M.). [ non-authoritative source? 373 days]

By 1960, laboratories for energy systems, automation, telemechanics, metallurgy, turbine building and compressor building were created at LPI. At the same time, a system of "continuous work practice" was introduced at the institute. First-year students who did not have production experience alternately studied and worked at the largest manufacturing enterprises: the plant named after. K. Marx, Metal Plant, PO "Svetlana", plant "Red October", in Glavleningradstroy.

In 1961, in accordance with the new regulation on higher educational institutions, the election of rectors and deans was restored.

Since 1960, there has been an active construction of new buildings of the institute. By 1962, a sports complex, a high-voltage building (TVN), two new educational buildings, a polyclinic building, a dispensary, an archive and a hostel on Nepokorennyh Avenue were built.

In 1962, a correspondence faculty and a faculty for the improvement of graduate engineers were created, in 1968 - advanced training for executives, a year later, in 1969, a preparatory department for working and rural youth. At the same time, the largest faculty (evening) was divided into two: electrical and engineering.

In 1972, a branch of the Polytechnic Institute (now the Pskov State Polytechnic Institute) was opened in Pskov. Later branches are organized in Orsk, Cheboksary, Sosnovy Bor.

The construction of new buildings was continued in the late 70s - early 80s. Two dormitories were built on Grazhdansky Prospekt and Nepokorennykh Prospekt, a new academic building, a building for the preparatory faculty on Polyustrovsky, and the building of the current Institute of International Educational Programs on Grazhdansky Prospekt.

New design bureaus are being created: OKB "Impulse" and a special design bureau for technical cybernetics (now - TsNII RTK).

Since 1982, LPI has begun targeted training of specialists in cooperation with large enterprises interested in the influx of young highly qualified specialists: OKB "Impulse", Central Research Institute. acad. A. N. Krylova, NPO "Leninets", Lenpoligrafmash, PO "Sputnik", PO im. K. Marx and others. In 1987, the Engineering Center and the Intersectoral Institute for Advanced Studies (MIPC) were created at the LPI in new directions in the development of engineering and technology.

In 1989, 2,100 first-year students were admitted to the Polytechnic Institute at 11 faculties, and the total number of applications submitted by applicants exceeded 5,000. The largest number of applicants were admitted to the Faculty of Technical Cybernetics (310 people), and the largest competition was at the Faculty of Economics and Management (590 applications for 120 seats).

In September 1989, the LPI Council decided to rename the Polytechnic Institute into the State Technical University. The Council of Ministers of the RSFSR approved the new name on April 3, 1990.


1.4. present tense

In December 2006, an agreement was signed to open an Innovation Center on the basis of the Faculty of Technical Cybernetics with Microsoft Rus. This is the first Microsoft Innovation Center in Northwest Russia.

In July 2007, Rector of the University Mikhail Fedorov told the Prime-tass news agency that within the framework of the national project Education, a research institute for new materials and technologies would be created on the basis of the institute. 520 million rubles will be allocated from the federal budget for the construction of research institutes.


2. Names

  • 1899-1910 - St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute
  • 1910-1914 - St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Peter the Great
  • 1914-1922 - Petrograd Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Peter the Great
  • 1922-1923 - First Petrograd Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin
  • 1923-1924 - Petrograd Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin
  • 1924-1930 - Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin (LPI named after M. I. Kalinin);
  • 1930-1934 - divided into a number of independent institutions with subordination to the relevant sectoral ministries, which financed and supervised the training of personnel for their enterprises. Including: Leningrad Electromechanical Institute (LEMI), Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute (LKI) and others.
  • 1934-1940 - Leningrad industrial institute(LII)
  • 1940-1990 - Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin (LPI named after M. I. Kalinin)
  • 1990-1991 - Leningrad State Technical University (LSTU)
  • 1991-2002 - St. Petersburg State Technical University (SPbSTU)
  • Since April 16, 2002 - St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University.

3. Structure

See also ((SPbSPU))

The university includes 20 basic faculties, 6 faculties and additional education courses, an evening department, 3 branches, a scientific complex, a dispensary and recreation centers. The university campus is located in the northwest of the city; it includes 15 educational and 15 research and production buildings, 13 dormitories, 10 residential buildings, the House of Scientists and a sports complex.

In 1996-2001 there was the Institute of Intelligent Systems and Technologies of St. Petersburg State Pedagogical University, formed on the basis of the branch faculty.


3.1. Basic faculties

The basic faculties of SPbSPU are unofficially divided into 3 groups:

  • Humanitarian and economic
  • Technical
  • Physical
Humanitarian and economic Technical Physical
Faculty of Economics and Management (FEM) Faculty of Civil Engineering (ISF) Faculty of Physics and Mechanics (FMF)
Faculty of Law Faculty of Electromechanics (ElMF) Faculty of Radiophysics (RFF)
Faculty of Humanities (GF) Power Engineering Faculty (EnMF) Faculty of Physics and Technology (FTF)
International Higher School of Management (IMSU) Faculty of Technology and Materials Research (FTIM) Faculty of Medical Physics and Bioengineering (FMedF)
Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​(FIA) Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (MMF)
Faculty of Technical Cybernetics (FTC)
Faculty of Integrated Security (FKB)
Faculty at the Central Research Institute of the RTK (TsNII RTK)
Faculty of Innovation (FI)

Two faculties - the Faculty of Management and Information Technology (FUIT) and the Institute for International Educational Programs (IIEP) - provide training in both the humanities and technical specialties.


3.2. Faculties of retraining of specialists and additional education

  • Faculty of Retraining Specialists (FPS)
  • Intersectoral Institute for Retraining Specialists (MIPK)
  • Faculty of advanced training of teachers (FPKP)
  • Retraining of teachers of primary and secondary vocational education
  • Advanced training under the program "Protection of state secrets"
  • Advanced training and retraining courses in the direction of "Construction"

3.3. Evening department

In the evening form of education, you can get an education in most areas and specialties of the university. The evening section is divided into two sections:

  • Informatics, radio and telecommunications, electrical engineering (specialties of the electromechanical, radiophysical faculties and the faculty of technical cybernetics)
  • Economics, mechanical engineering and construction (specialties of the power engineering, mechanical engineering faculties and the faculty of economics and management)

3.4. Branches

  • Cheboksary Institute of Economics and Management
  • Cherepovets Institute of Management and Information Technology (IMIT)
  • Institute of Nuclear Energy in Sosnovy Bor (YaE)

4. Leaders

4.1. Rectors and directors

  1. Gagarin, Andrey Grigorievich (01.1900 - 02.1907) - director
  2. Posnikov, Alexander Sergeevich (03.1907 - 09.1907) - director
  3. Meshchersky, Ivan Vsevolodovich (09.1907 - 09.1908) - director
  4. Posnikov, Alexander Sergeevich (09.1908 - 09.1911) - director
  5. Skobeltsyn, Vladimir Vladimirovich (09.1911 - 09.1917) - director
  6. Radtsig, Alexander Alexandrovich (09.1917 - 12.1918) - rector
  7. Shatelen, Mikhail Andreevich (12.1918 - 05.1919) - rector
  8. Levinson-Lessing, Franz Yulievich (05.1919 - 11.1919) - rector
  9. Ruzsky, Dmitry Pavlovich (11.1919 - 08.1921) - rector
  10. Zalutsky, Leonid Vasilyevich (08.1921 - 01.1922) - rector
  11. Vorobyov, Boris Evdokimovich (01.1922 - 06.1925) - rector
  12. Baikov, Alexander Alexandrovich (06.1925 - 10.1928) - rector
  13. Kobozev, Petr Alekseevich (11.1928 - 08.1929) - rector
  14. Shumsky, Alexander Yakovlevich (08.1929 - 12.1929) - rector
  15. Davtyan, Yakov Khristoforovich (02.1930 - 06.1930) - rector 1930-1934 - the institute was divided into several branch
  16. Schreiber, Georgy Yakovlevich (07.1934 - 07.1935) - director
  17. Tyurkin, Petr Andreevich (07.1935 - 07.1936) - director
  18. Evdokimov, Vasily Grigorievich (08.1936 - 07.1937) - director
  19. Novikov, Kirill Vasilievich (09.1937 - 06.1938) - director
  20. Smirnov, Sergey Antonovich (06.1938 - 11.1940) - director
  21. Tyurkin, Petr Andreevich (11.1940 - 12.1941) - director
  22. Serdyukov, Sergey Andreevich (03.1942 - 09.1944) - director
  23. Kalantarov, Pavel Lazarevich (09.1944 - 06.1946) - director
  24. Shmargunov, Konstantin Nikolaevich (06.1946 - 06.1951) - director
  25. Alabyshev, Alexander Filosofovich (06.1951 - 03.1956) - director
  26. Smirnov, Vasily Sergeevich (03.1956 - 03.1973) - rector
  27. Seleznev, Konstantin Pavlovich (04.1973 - 10.1983) - rector
  28. Vasiliev, Yuri Sergeevich (05.1983 - 10.2003) - rector, president (with the rights of a rector)
  29. Fedorov, Mikhail Petrovich (10.2003 - 05.2011) - rector
  30. Rudskoy, Andrey Ivanovich (since 05.2011) - rector

4.2. Presidents

  1. Vasiliev, Yuri Sergeevich (since 10.2003) - President, Chairman of the Board of Trustees

5. Main building

The main building

The complex of buildings of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute was erected under the leadership of the Special Construction Commission, created on February 23, 1899. A remote area of ​​St. Petersburg, near the village of Sosnovka, was chosen for construction.

The design and construction was carried out by an architectural workshop under the direction of E. F. Wirrich. The project included a complex of buildings forming a self-contained campus similar to those that existed in Cambridge and Oxford. The complex included the main building, a chemical pavilion, two dormitories and a mechanical building. When designing the main building, Wirrich used the design of the Berlin Higher Technical School. The central part and the general plan of the building almost completely repeat the Berlin building.

The ceremonial laying of the buildings was carried out on June 18, 1900. Construction was carried out from 1900 to 1905. The main building was completed in 1902.

The building was built in the neoclassical style, typical for St. Petersburg architecture. late XIX century. A monumental white building with an H-shaped configuration. The interior layout, with all lecture halls facing southwest, maximizes the use of natural light.


6. SPbSPU Fundamental Library

The fundamental library of the university began its work simultaneously with its opening in 1902. As of 2004, more than 2,700 thousand items of storage were placed in the library's storage fund.

The composition of the library collections is determined by the disciplines studied, but in addition to the traditional technical university collections of literature on natural, exact and applied technical sciences, it widely presents sections humanities: history, law, economics, finance, etc. The library funds also include personal collections of scientists of the institute donated to it. AT different time The collections of books by S. Yu. Witte, professors of the Institute P. B. Struve, Yu. S. Gambarov, A. P. Van der Fliet, B. E. Nolde, K. P. one hundred books were donated by V. I. Kovalevsky - statesman and the direct executor of the project organization of the Institute.

In 1995, the SPbSPU Fundamental Library was the first library in Russia to receive a full-fledged high-speed Internet connection and created its own Web server. It has developed an electronic catalog and a full-text database, which are available from the workplaces of librarians, reading rooms, departments and services of the university, as well as for Internet users around the world. Employees and students of the university have the opportunity to obtain information from international databases.


7. Famous teachers

  • Alabyshev, Alexander Filosofovich - Ph.D. D., specialist in the field of electrochemistry.
  • Alferov, Zhores Ivanovich - Doctor of Physics and Mathematics PhD, specialist in the field of semiconductor physics.
  • Baikov, Alexander Alexandrovich - Dr. Kh. D., specialist in the field of high temperature chemistry.
  • Worms, Alfons Ernestovich - lawyer, economist.
  • Ivanov, Ivan Ivanovich - Doctor of Physics and Mathematics D., a specialist in the field of number theory.
  • Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich - Doctor of Physics and Mathematics n., "the father of Soviet physics".
  • Levinson-Lessing, Franz Yulievich - geologist, specialist in the field of theoretical petrography and petrogenesis.
  • Meshchersky, Ivan Vsevolodovich - physicist, founder of the mechanics of bodies of variable mass.
  • Mitkevich, Vladimir Fedorovich - Doctor of Physics and Mathematics PhD, specialist in electrical engineering.
  • Radtsig, Alexander Alexandrovich - Doctor of Physics and Mathematics PhD, specialist in the field of thermal power engineering and applied mechanics.
  • Sena, Lev Aronovich - Ph.D. D., specialist in the field of low-temperature plasma physics.
  • Timoshenko, Stepan Prokofievich - mechanic, specialist in the field of continuum mechanics and strength of materials.
  • Chebrakov, Yuri Vladimirovich - Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Lecturer at the Department of Higher Mathematics.

8 Famous Alumni

  • Ageev, Nikolai Vladimirovich - physicist, chemist and metallurgist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences
  • Alikhanov, Abram Isaakovich - physicist
  • Antonov, Alexei Konstantinovich - Minister of the Electrotechnical Industry of the USSR, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR
  • Antonov, Oleg Konstantinovich - aircraft designer
  • Aristov, Averky Borisovich - party and public figure
  • Asafov, Alexey Nikolaevich - submarine designer
  • Beriev, Georgy Mikhailovich - aircraft designer
  • Botvinnik, Mikhail Moiseevich - chess grandmaster, 6th world chess champion
  • Bronstein, David Ionovich - chess grandmaster
  • Granin, Daniil Alexandrovich - Soviet writer
  • Denisov, Anatoly Alekseevich - cybernetician, Soviet Russian politician
  • Dobychin Leonid Ivanovich - Russian Soviet writer
  • Dukhov, Nikolai Leonidovich - designer of armored vehicles, nuclear and thermonuclear weapons
  • Zaderko, Elena Yakovlevna, Russian teacher
  • Zak, Alexander Naumovich - famous Russian economist
  • Ivashintsov, Dmitry Alexandrovich - hydraulic engineer
  • Imyanitov, Ilya Moiseevich - physicist
  • Izotov, Sergey Petrovich - designer of aircraft, rocket and tank engines.
  • Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich - physicist, Nobel Prize winner
  • Karataev, Guriy Sergeevich - Director of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Earthmoving Engineering, Honored Builder of the RSFSR
  • Kikoin, Isaak Konstantinovich - physicist, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences
  • Kondrusevich, Tadeusz - Catholic Archbishop-Metropolitan of Minsk-Mogilev
  • Koshkin, Mikhail Ilyich - creator of the tank T-34
  • Kurchatov, Igor Vasilyevich - the father of the Soviet atomic project
  • Lebedev, Viktor Nikolaevich - Director of Motovilikha Plants
  • Leskov, Alexander Vasilievich - metallurgist scientist and party leader
  • Niyazov, Saparmurat Ataevich - leader of Turkmenistan from 1985 to 2006
  • Pankova, Tatyana Petrovna - People's Artist of the RSFSR
  • Perumov, Nikolai Daniilovich - famous science fiction writer
  • Polikarpov, Nikolai Nikolaevich - aircraft designer
  • Sena, Lev Aronovich - physicist, discoverer of the effect of the same name, honorary member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences
  • Sokolov, Taras Nikolaevich - creator of automated control systems for missile troops and space industry
  • Farfurin, Anatoly Nikanorovich - the largest specialist in ship armor and its production technology
  • Frunze, Mikhail Vasilyevich - military leader and party leader
  • Khlytchiev, Yakov Matveevich - Professor
  • Shklyarsky, Edmund Mechislavovich - leader of the Picnic group

: 60°00′25.7″ N sh. 30°22′30.57″ E d. /  60.007139° N sh. 30.375158° E d.(G) 60.007139 , 30.375158 St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University- higher educational institution of St. Petersburg, founded in 1899.

Story

Founding 1899-1914

The construction of new buildings was continued in the late 70s - early 80s. Two dormitories were built along Grazhdansky Prospekt and Prospekt Nepokorennykh, a new academic building, a building for the preparatory faculty on Polyustrovsky, and the building of the current Institute of International Educational Programs on Grazhdansky Prospekt.

New design bureaus are being created: OKB "Impulse" and a special design bureau for technical cybernetics (now - TsNII RTK).

In July 2007, Rector of the University Mikhail Fedorov told the Prime-tass news agency that within the framework of the national project Education, a research institute for new materials and technologies would be created on the basis of the institute. 520 million rubles will be allocated from the federal budget for the construction of research institutes.

Titles

  • 1899-1902 - St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute
  • 1910-1914 - St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Peter the Great
  • 1914-1922 - Petrograd Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Peter the Great
  • 1922-1923 - First Petrograd Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin
  • 1923-1924 - Petrograd Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin
  • 1924-1930 - Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin (LPI named after M. I. Kalinin);
  • 1930-1934 - divided into a number of independent institutions with subordination to the relevant sectoral ministries, which financed and supervised the training of personnel for their enterprises. Including: Leningrad Electromechanical Institute (LEMI), Leningrad Shipbuilding Institute (LKI) and others.
  • 1934-1940 - Leningrad Industrial Institute (LII)
  • 1940-1990 - Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M. I. Kalinin (LPI named after M. I. Kalinin)
  • 1990-1991 - Leningrad State Technical University (LSTU)
  • 1991-2002 - St. Petersburg State Technical University (SPbSTU)
  • Since April 16, 2002 - St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University.

Structure

Institutes

  • International Higher School of Management SPbSPU
  • Intersectoral Institute for Retraining of Specialists of St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University

Branches

  • Anadyr branch of SPbSPU
  • Institute of Nuclear Energy in Sosnovy Bor (SPbSPU)
  • Cheboksary Institute of Economics and Management, SPbSPU
  • Cherepovets Institute of Management and Information Technologies, SPbSPU

Faculties

  • Evening faculty of SPbSPU
  • Faculty of Humanities SPbSPU
  • Faculty of Foreign Languages, SPbSPU
  • Faculty of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, St. Petersburg State Pedagogical University
  • Faculty of training external students of SPbSPU
  • Faculty of advanced training of teachers of St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
  • Faculty of Technology and Materials Research, St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
  • Faculty of Management and Information Technologies, SPbSPU

The main building

The main building

The complex of buildings of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute was erected under the leadership of the Special Construction Commission, created on February 23, 1899. A remote area of ​​St. Petersburg was chosen for construction, near the village of Sosnovka.

The design and construction was carried out by an architectural workshop under the direction of E. F. Wirrich. The project included a complex of buildings forming a self-contained campus similar to those that existed at Cambridge and Oxford. The complex included the main building, a chemical pavilion, two dormitories and a mechanical building. When designing the main building, Wirrich used the design of the Berlin Higher Technical School. The central part and the general plan of the building almost completely repeat the Berlin building.

The ceremonial laying of the buildings was carried out on June 18, 1900. Construction was carried out from 1900 to 1905. The construction of the main building was completed in 1902 .

The building was built in the neoclassical style, typical for St. Petersburg architecture of the late 19th century. A monumental white building with an H-shaped configuration. The interior layout, with all lecture halls facing southwest, maximizes the use of natural light.

Fundamental Library

The fundamental library of the university began its work simultaneously with its opening in 1902. As of 2004, more than 2,700 thousand items of storage were placed in the library's storage fund.

The composition of the library funds is determined by the disciplines studied, but in addition to the collections of literature traditional for a technical university in the natural, exact and applied technical sciences, the sections of the humanities are widely represented in it: history, law, economics, finance, etc. The library funds also include those transferred to it in gift of personal collections of scientists of the Institute. At different times, collections of books by S. Yu. Witte, professors of the Institute P. B. Struve, Yu. etc. The first hundred books were donated by V. I. Kovalevsky, a statesman and direct executor of the institute's organization project.

The SPbSPU Fundamental Library was the first library in Russia to receive a full-fledged high-speed Internet connection in 1995 and created its own Web server. It has developed an electronic catalog and a full-text database, which are available from the workplaces of librarians, reading rooms, departments and services of the university, as well as for Internet users around the world. Employees and students of the university have the opportunity to obtain information from international databases.

Famous Alumni

  • Antonov, Oleg Konstantinovich, aircraft designer
  • Aristov, Averky Borisovich, party and public figure
  • Asafov, Alexei Nikolaevich, submarine designer
  • Beriev, Georgy Mikhailovich, aircraft designer
  • Bronstein, David Ionovich, chess grandmaster
  • Granin, Daniil Alexandrovich, Soviet writer
  • Dukhov, Nikolai Leonidovich, designer of armored vehicles, nuclear and thermonuclear weapons
  • Imyanitov, Ilya Moiseevich, physicist
  • Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich, father of Soviet physics
  • Kapitsa, Pyotr Leonidovich, physicist, Nobel Prize winner
  • Perumov, Nikolai Daniilovich, famous science fiction writer
  • Kondrusevich, Tadeusz, Catholic Archbishop-Metropolitan of Minsk-Mogilev
  • Polikarpov, Nikolai Nikolaevich, aircraft designer
  • Leskov, Alexander Vasilievich, metallurgist scientist and party leader
  • Frunze, Mikhail Vasilievich, military leader and party leader
  • Farfurin, Anatoly Nikanorovich, the largest specialist in ship armor and its production technology
  • Shklyarsky, Edmund Mechislavovich, leader of the group Picnic
  • Sena, Lev Aronovich, physicist, inventor of the effect of the same name, honorary member