The Sviblovo Estate (Old Sviblovo) is a small cozy estate in the north of Moscow. It was built next to a small village of the same name, which stood here in the middle of the 15th century.

The most interesting place in the park is a small island with a rotunda in the middle. Around the island, a ditch with a diameter of 60 m has been dug, absolutely circular in shape.

The rotunda itself is called the "Temple of Air". They lead to her from different sides four bridges.

A local resident leads us through the park and the estate - our friend named Venus. She is also a musician.

From 1722 to 1725, the daughter of Peter I, Anna Petrovna, lived in the estate. At the place where we are now standing was her residence. Only the rotunda remained from the residence.

Sviblovsky spring. Previously, water from the spring came to the estate and the fountain, but now it just flows. Drinking water is not recommended. Oh, how this water is not recommended to drink! But you can wash your face.

There is a Kapustinsky (or Kapustyansky) pond near the estate. It is named after the merchants Kapustins, the later owners of the village.

Until recently, the Kapustinsky pond was one of the most overgrown with algae ponds in Moscow. And now the number of all kinds of water lilies is amazing.

It will take very little time to go around the pond and the estate - a walking pace a little over an hour.

People come here for picnics. We saw a lot of "holidaymakers" pulling all kinds of barbecues, bags of coal and tons of barbecue from their cars.

Although for those who arrive early, local barbecues and tables with benches are also provided. I even regretted that kebabs were not included in our plans.

According to ancient legend, the name of the village is associated with the voivode Svibla, who served under Dmitry Donskoy. True, in the works and works of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin and Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the estate is referred to as "Svirlovo".

During almost the entire 17th century. the village belonged to the representatives of the Pleshcheev family. At the beginning of the XVIII century. the village was owned by a relative of Peter I - K.A. Naryshkin. After Naryshkin, the estate changed many owners. In her different time owned by the Golitsyns, Pleshcheevs and others. early XIX in. N.M. Karamzin lived in Sviblovo.

In 1704, Naryshkin built stone chambers. The main house was built by Swedish soldiers captured during the Battle of Poltava. In 1709, the local Trinity Church was rebuilt in stone, the bell on which went to the owner from the Swedes as a trophy.

This is the main house of the Sviblovo estate. On the sides there are two completely identical wings.

And this is the "Human Wing". Outbuilding from the very beginning to the present day.

On the territory of the estate, a strange oriental pavilion was discovered, which absolutely does not fit with the rest of the buildings around.

Chapel of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.

In 1782, the manor complex was bought by Major General N.P. Vysotsky, who was the nephew of the favorite of Catherine II, Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin. It was with him that "Sviblovo" takes on the form we see it now.

A bush of Persian lilacs of a very rich color grows near the temple. And the aroma is such that it just knocks down.

It was this lilac that made the strongest impression on me of all that I saw in the Sviblovo estate.

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Mass development began here in the mid-60s. The streets were given poetic names - Vereskovaya, Willow, Snezhnaya, Kola, Yeniseiskaya. Some are named after polar explorers - Amundsen, Sedov, Nansen and Bering. "Moskovskie Novosti" found out that interesting things can be found by walking around this area.

Estate "Old Sviblovo"

Illustration: Dasha Tolstikova

Lazoreviy proezd, 15

This old estate stands on the sloping bank of the Yauza and is surrounded by high-rise buildings on almost all sides. The place has a rich history - the first documentary mention of the village of Sviblovo dates back to the 15th century. Among its owners are the builder of the white-stone Kremlin Fyodor Sviblo, after whom the corner tower of the southern wall of the Kremlin is named, and the defender of Moscow Lev Pleshcheev. In the summer of 1801, the historian Nikolai Karamzin lived on the estate.

During the Great Patriotic War, the park was almost completely cut down. Now the core of the estate is under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate. The Church of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity, the bell tower, two stone wings and the manor house (XVIII-XIX centuries) have been restored in our time, the classical rotunda "Temple of Air" has been rebuilt, the remaining ponds have been cleaned. In addition to the ubiquitous mallard, here you can see the gogol duck, moorhen, black-headed gull and river tern. Despite all the prohibitions, local residents splash in the Sviblovskie ponds in the warm season.

In the park at the estate you can see a fragment of the Beskudnikovskaya railway line. In 1900-1987 in the north of Moscow (modern districts of Vostochnoye Degunino, Otradnoye, Sviblovo) a single-track line ran, connecting the Yaroslavl and Savyolovskoye directions. In the 40s, passenger traffic was opened on the Beskudnikovskaya line, it worked for almost sixty years, but by the mid-2000s, almost all the rails were dismantled due to the poor condition of the track. The railway bridge across the Yauza has been preserved, in 2001 it was converted into a pedestrian one.

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Sedova street

Illustration: Dasha Tolstikova

The street is a shady square with flower beds and benches. In the warmer months, they are occupied by young people and older drinkers. The street was named in 1964 in memory of the hydrographer and naval sailor Georgy Sedov, in 1912 he organized an expedition to the North Pole on the ship "St. Foka".

Cinema "Saturn"

Illustration: Dasha Tolstikova

Snezhnaya st., 18

An old Soviet cinema, where the atmosphere of comfort sets the tone. The repertoire includes modern films, and in the evening sessions you can often watch a movie almost completely alone.

Kapustinsky pond

Illustration: Dasha Tolstikova

nansen Pass

The ancient pond was one of the most neglected reservoirs in Moscow, but in last years it was cleaned and improved. In 2007, water lilies began to grow on the pond, and this is a sign of the purity of the water, fishermen catch crucian carp and small rotan there. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Kapustinsky (or, as it is also called, Kapustyansky) pond is 2.4 hectares, in the north-eastern part there is a small island. The reservoir is named after the merchants Kapustins, the late owners of the village of Leonova, a neighbor of the Sviblovo estate. In the past, an alley of huge lindens planted in pairs led to the pond from the estate.

Sculpture Park "Signs of the Zodiac"

Illustration: Dasha Tolstikova

intersection of Beringov passage and Yeniseyskaya street

Anything can be art, including iron rubbish. In 2007, an amusing sculptural group "Signs of the Zodiac" was opened in a tiny square near the Sviblovo metro station. In the center of the park there is a telescope, twelve paths depart from it, at the ends of which there are sculptures made of parts of old cars, nuts, gears, screws and tongues collected at the dump. Fish drink beer with dried vobla, Capricorn in a leather jacket proudly sits on a motorcycle, Cancer drags a cart, and Sagittarius aims with a slingshot at a lantern - sculptor Andrei Aseryants humorously played the traditional look of each character in the horoscope. Lanterns are hidden inside some of the sculptures, but, as usual, many have long been broken.

In contact with

Classmates

Students of the Sviblovo Gymnasium have launched a unique project on the history of their native region - "". Its goal is to activate students in the study of the history of the area, to interest them in the volunteer movement, to strengthen socialization, and also to teach them to competently defend their position. In addition, it is planned to compile Sviblov's virtual encyclopedia.

The newspaper "Sviblovo" offers to get acquainted with the student of the Gymnasium Matvey Kuleshov, concerning the correct name of the Kapustinsky pond.

We have a pond behind the Saturn cinema in Sviblovo. Its name is a complete mess. It is sometimes called "Kapustyansky", then "Kapustinsky". These names are found in newspapers, and in advertising materials, and in official documents, and on various posters, stands, as well as on the Internet.

To me personally, the name "Kapustyansky" seems incomprehensible and difficult to pronounce. Some consider this word unusual for the Russian language. Therefore, I decided to figure it out: what is the correct name, to conduct a thorough research of this issue in order to find an unambiguous answer.

In the 70s of the last century, the pond was called a "swamp", and it looked like a swamp. By the end of the 90s - beginning of the 2000s, the popular name "cabbage" appeared, which appeared as an abbreviation for the pond's own name - "Kapustinsky".

I began to search and collect all available information on this issue. I managed to find the first written mention of our reservoir under the name "Mshanova Sviblovsky swamp", dating back to the beginning of the 17th century.

In search of information, I found myself on the Moscow Parks website, the author of which insists that the correct name of the pond is Kapustyansky. He almost does not substantiate his version in any way, referring only to the fact that the pond was called that way in the 50s, and shows a photo of the stand on which this name is written. And he questions the widespread version of the origin of the name "Kapustinsky" associated with the last owners of the Leonov village - the Kapustins.

My searches for information related to the name "Kapustyansky" led to the following results: this name was first recorded in official document in 1997; the word "kapustyansky" is of Ukrainian origin, in the Russian language there are no words starting with "kapustyan-"; Sviblov and Leonov have no connections with proper names beginning with "Kapustyan-" either. Nowhere are there any justifications and versions of the origin of this name in Moscow toponymy.

But the name "Kapustinsky", associated with the Leonov Kapustins, is well-grounded and practically proven. Two boundary maps of the 18th century clearly show that the pond is located within the boundaries of the Leonovo village. The middle son of the last owner, VA Kapustin, published a book about the village of Leonovo, which contains a land survey and a story about the demarcation of borders in the 17th century, as a result of which, most likely, the Sviblovskoye swamp passed into the possession of the owners of the Leonovo village. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kapustins' possessions were divided in half by the Okruzhnaya railway... So the pond turned out to be cut off from the estate, and the name probably arose and was fixed from the explanations: who owns this land and this pond.

The 1931 and 1941 maps I found use a name starting with "cabbage-".

Thus, the correct name of the pond is "Kapustinsky", and the origin of the meaningless name "Kapustyansky" is unclear and absolutely not justified.

Used only own photos - date of shooting 06/02/2012

The address: Moscow, Lazorevy pr., 19, metro "Sviblovo".
How to get there: walk from metro Sviblovo 1.3 km, bus 628 from metro Sviblovo (4 stops) to the stop Lazorevy pr. (13 min.).

The village has been known since the XIV century. At that time it was owned by the governor F.A. Sviblo, an associate of Dmitry Donskoy. During almost the entire 17th century. the village belonged to the representatives of the Pleshcheev family. At the beginning of the XVIII century. the village was owned by a relative of Peter I - K.A. Naryshkin. He built the estate in 1704-1708. After Naryshkin, the estate changed many owners. It was owned by the Golitsyns, Pleshcheevs, and others at different times. At the beginning of the 19th century. N.M. Karamzin lived in Sviblovo. By the beginning of the 18th century. here a typical economic complex was formed: a wooden manor house, a soap-house, that is, a bathhouse, a stockyard, a mill with a dam, grain barns. The owners of the estate kept up with the Moscow fashion for gardens - there were apple trees, pears, cherries, currants.
Under K.A. Golitsyn, a stone church of the Life-Giving Trinity (1708), a manor house, stone chambers and other buildings were erected.
However, the Pleshcheevs were not going to put up with the loss of Sviblov, and in 1719 they returned the estate to themselves, after which "complete desolation reigned there - Pleshcheev lacked neither the means, nor the ability" to maintain the estate.
At the beginning of the XVIII century. The estate was rented by the Duke of Golfstein Karl-Friedrich - the future husband of the eldest daughter of Peter I, Anna Petrovna. From 1722 to 1725, the daughter of Peter I, Anna Petrovna, lived in the estate. In place of the old woman there was a round canal with a fill island in the middle - there was her residence. In the center of the island was the Rotunda. Four bridges were thrown across the channel to the island. The moat was restored in 2007-2008.
Two floors of the main house (the first floor is brick, the second is wooden) were built in the 1780s. in the forms of early classicism, in the 1820s. a mezzanine was built on; the upper parts of the building and the interiors received an architectural decor in the form of the Empire style. Two wings on the sides of the front yard, built of wood at the end of the 18th century, in the 1980s. recreated in brick. The "human" wing (1820s) and park ponds have been preserved. At the beginning of the XIX century. N.M. Karamzin lived in the Sviblovo estate. Subsequently, Sviblovo was acquired by the merchant I.P. Kozhevnikov, who established a large cloth factory in the village in 1821.
During the Great patriotic war the park was almost completely cut out. At the moment, the church, two stone outbuildings and the manor house (second half of the 18th - 19th centuries) have been restored. There are two ponds in the floodplain of the Yauza River.
In 1994, by the decision of the Moscow government, the estate was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Russian orthodox Church, which restored the Temple of the Life-Giving Trinity. Trinity Temple is protected by the state as an object cultural heritage federal significance, other structures - as objects of regional significance. Nowadays, the core of the estate is under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, the territory in the Yauza floodplain and along the Lazarev passage belongs to the city lands.
In our time, a church, a bell tower, two ponds, a picturesque relief and a small area of \u200b\u200bforest have been preserved from the estate.
It was decided to restore some fragments of the once existing park, fitting them into the existing situation. As a result, convenient pedestrian paths were laid on the territory, which connected separate interesting areas. The remaining ponds were cleaned, new bridges were built, benches were installed along the banks. In accordance with the historical planning on the site, it was decided to restore the island, surrounded by a dug channel. They also built a classic rotunda pavilion, similar to the one that existed, which was called the "Temple of Air" during the design process.

Kapustinsky (or Kapustyansky) pond
Located on Snezhnaya street.
Area 2.4 hectares. The average depth is 2.5 m, the volume of water in the reservoir is 60 thousand cubic meters.
A beautiful reservoir with an island, which is located in the northeastern part of the pond, in the upper reaches of the filled-up Leonovsky brook. The area of \u200b\u200bthe island inaccessible to people is 0.12 hectares. In 2007, water lilies were seen - a sign of the purity of the water. It was named after the merchants Kapustins, the late owners of the Leonov village. This pond is old, and an alley of huge lindens planted in pairs led to it from the Sviblovo estate. Now the lindens are all withered. Until recently, the Kapustinsky pond was one of the most overgrown with algae ponds in Moscow, but in recent years the territory of the pond has been improved.


Manor scheme: 1 - main house; 2 - wing; 3 - Human wing; 4 - Trinity Church.

Sviblovo estate

Sviblovo estate

The main house of the Sviblovo estate

Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Sviblovo

Human wing

Chapel of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Sviblovo, 2001

The Yauza River and the bridge to the circular moat around the church in the summer residence of the eldest daughter of Peter I Anna Petrovna