Reply from
1- what maps should be used when describing the country
2- In what part of the mainland is the country located? What is the name of its capital
3- features of the relief (general character of the surface, main forms of relief and height distribution)
4- climatic conditions in different parts countries (climatic zones, average temperatures, amount of precipitation per year). Differences by territory and by season
5- Rivers and lakes
6- natural areas and their features
7- peoples inhabiting the country. Occupations of the population

Reply from _Lol_[newbie]
2. Algeria is located in northern Africa. Capital Algeria. Algeria borders Morocco in the west, Mauritania and Mali in the southwest, Niger in the southeast, and Libya and Tunisia in the east.
3. The territory of the country occupies the central part of the Atlas mountain system and the Sahara desert. Northern Algeria is represented by folded ridges, massifs and intermountain plains of the Atlas Mountains system. Within Algeria are the largest ridges of the Atlas - Tel Atlas and Saharan Atlas, massifs - Varsenis (Sidi Amar, height 1985 m), Greater Kabylia and Lesser Kabylia (height up to 1200 m), Hodna, Ores (Shelia, height 2328 m
4. Northern Algeria has a subtropical, Mediterranean climate with warm, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The average temperature in January on the coast is 12°C, on the intermountain plains 5°C, in July 25°C. The absolute maximum temperature is above 40°C everywhere. The bulk of precipitation falls in November - January (in Tel Atlas 400-800 mm, in the Kabyle massifs up to 1200 mm or more per year). In the transition zone to the Algerian Sahara, the climate is more arid, semi-desert (average July temperature above 30°C, precipitation 200-400 mm per year). In the Sahara, the climate is desert, extremely dry (less than 50 mm of precipitation per year, in some years there is no rain at all). Daily temperature fluctuations reach up to 30°C (in summer the temperature during the day is 40°C and above, at night 20°C, in winter during the day about 20°C, at night it drops to 0° and below). Dry winds often cause sandstorms.
5. The most long river Shelif (700 km), the rest rarely exceed 100 km in length (El-Hamman, Isser, Summam, El-Kebir). Most rivers are predominantly rain-fed. Dams, reservoirs and hydroelectric power stations have been built on the rivers. The waters of the oueds are used for irrigation.
Most salt lakes (sabkhs) lie in intermountain basins. These are the lakes - Chott el-Shergi, Chott el-Khodna, Zakhrez-Shergi, Zakhrez-Gharbi.
6. Natural areas. On the Mediterranean coast there are hard-leaved forests and shrubs, high-altitude areas and deserts.
7. The peoples of Algeria are Arabs and Berbers. Some oases of the Algerian Sahara are inhabited by Kabyles, Shawis, and Tuaregs. The population is distributed extremely unevenly throughout Algeria. More than 95% of the country’s total population lives in Northern Algeria, with the bulk of it concentrated in a narrow coastal strip.
In the western and central parts of Northern Algeria, a sedentary population predominates, mainly engaged in crop farming. Semi-nomads and pastoral nomads inhabit the High Plateaus, the Saharan Atlas and the Sahara. The settled population of the desert is the inhabitants of oases and mining centers.
The population is engaged in mining, fishing, growing citrus fruits

1. Economic and geographical position State in North Africa.
The total area is 2,381,740 km. In the west it borders
with Morocco (border length 1,559 km) and Western
Sahara (42 km), in the south - with Niger (956 km), Mali
(1,376 km), Mauritania (463 km), in the east - with
Libya (982 km) and Tunisia (965 km). Mediterranean
the sea washes Algeria from the north. General
the length of the border is 6,343 km, the length of the coastal
line 998 km. Algeria can be roughly divided into
three geographical zones located with
north to south. Coastal Tel, stretching
along the Left Bank, - fertile and intense
cultivated and sown area; territory
The Atlas mountain system, consisting of the Lesser
Atlas in the north (highest point 2,308 m) and
Great Atlas ( highest height 2,328 m) at
south, between which stretches a vast
plateau, arid and barren. Next in
inland there is a desert zone
Sahara with a few oases,
passing to the south into the Ahaggar mountain range with
the highest point in Algeria - Mount Takhat (2,918
m). The country's hydrography is poor: several rivers
flows into the Mediterranean Sea, while in
in the Sahara zone, only dry
river beds and dry salt lakes.
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2.Flag, coat of arms

The emblem of Algeria is the seal used by the government, which is equivalent to
coats of arms in other states. Modern image the emblem was adopted after 1976 and
differs from the previous one in the image of a crescent, which is also present on the flag of Algeria
and is a symbol of Islam. The inscription framing the emblem in Arabic reads: People's
Democratic Republic of Algeria
Coat of arms of French Algeria, first coat of arms,
used as official in Algeria (18301962)
The first and last coat of arms of the independent
Algeria
and the last coat of arms of the country (1962-1971)

First emblem
Algeria
(1971-1976)
Second emblem of Algeria 1976
Under rising sun depicted
hand of Fatima (daughter of the prophet
Muhammad). Fatima's hand is
traditional symbol of the region.
The rising sun symbolizes the new
era. The remaining symbols refer to
agriculture and industry,
depicting factories around the mountains and buildings,
symbolizing agriculture.
The mountain represents the Atlas Mountains.
The national flag of Algeria consists of two vertical stripes of the same
widths green and white. In the center are a red star and
crescent. The flag was adopted on July 3, 1962. Reminiscent of the Algerian flag
National Liberation Front and, according to some sources, was used
Abdel Kadir in the 19th century. White color symbolizes purity, green color
- the color of Islam. The crescent moon is also an Islamic symbol. Crescent over
closed than other Muslim countries because Algerians believe that more
the long horns of the crescent moon bring happiness. The star of the Algerian flag has two rays
touches the green field
The naval flag is identical to the state flag, with the exception of two
crossed anchors in the upper left corner.

3. Political and administrative structure

Algeria is a people's democratic republic. The Constitution of 1989 as amended in 1996 is in force.
Algeria is a centralized state, although local authorities have significant powers over
management of local affairs.
The Constitution establishes a two-tier system of administrative-territorial division: commune
and wilaya (province). Algeria is divided into 48 vilays and 1,541 communes.
Basic state institutions authorities - the president (highest executive power),
government (executive branch), bicameral parliament (legislative branch) and
the court is an independent government body.
The President is elected by universal, direct and secret vote for a term of 5 years and can be re-elected once. He
is at the same time supreme commander in chief Armed Forces, Minister of Defense and Head
Supreme Security Council (advisory body).
The government is a collegial body executive branch, subordinate to the president. President
appoints the head of government and approves ministers.
Parliament consists of two chambers: the lower - the National People's Assembly (NPA) and the upper - the Council
nation (SN). Members of the NNC are elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret
by voting. The right to vote is granted from the age of 18. 2/3 of the Councilors are elected from among the deputies
People's Assemblies of Communes (NSC) and People's Assemblies of Wilayas (NSV) by deputies of these local bodies
authorities by secret ballot. 1/3 is appointed by the president.
The NSC is elected for 5 years, the SN for 6 years. The composition of the SN is updated by 50% every 3 years.
People's Assemblies of communes and People's Assemblies of wilays are elected by general, direct, secret
voting for 5 years. Their main powers are the adoption and implementation of local development plans in
within the framework of national programs. The Chairman of the NSC is also an executive body
communes. In the wilayas there is an Executive Council headed by the wali (governor), appointed by the president. To him
All chairmen of the NSC in the territory of the wilay are subordinate. Latest parliamentary and local elections
power took place in 2002.
Since 1989, the law on a multi-party system has been in force. There are St. 60 games. Secular parties: Front
national liberation - TNF (founded in 1954), Front of Socialist Forces - FSS (1963),
National Democratic Association - NDO (1997), Association for Culture and Democracy - OKD
(1989). Legal Islamist parties: Movement for National Reform - DPR (1999), Movement
societies for peace - HOME (1991), An-Nahda Movement (1990). All of the parties listed, except
opposition FSS and OKD are members of parliament.

4.Population

Number
population
Number
male population
Number
female population
2011
34 994 937
Human
2011
17 619 789
Human
2011
17 375 148
Human
person on
km2
Population density
2011
Coefficient
urbanization
2010-15
Number
rural population
2010
Expected
duration
life during
birth for
both sexes
Expected
duration
life at birth
men
Expected
duration
life at birth
women
14,7
2,3
34,0
% per year
% of total
number
and population
2011
74.5
years
2011
72.8
years
2011
76.3
years

The indigenous population of the country is Algerians, consisting of Berbers and Arabs. Outwardly, Algerians tend to be
black-haired, with black eyes and an elongated face shape of the Mediterranean type, dark, medium
growth. A large number of Circassians live in this state. Arabs from other countries also live in the country.
countries (60 thousand), French (about 40 thousand), Spaniards (no more than 20 thousand), Italians (10 thousand), Turks (6 thousand), Jews
(5 thousand) and other peoples.
Algeria's population is distributed extremely unevenly. 95% of the total population lives in the north, and
the bulk of it lives in a narrow coastal strip. Kabylia is the most densely populated region, where the density
reaches more than 300 people. per 1 sq. km.
Rural residents make up the majority of the country's population. They lead a nomadic, semi-sedentary, sedentary lifestyle
life. The sedentary part of the population lives near mining centers and oases. Nomadic pastoralists
chose the High Plateau, the Sahara and the Saharan Atlas. In rural areas, the population of Algeria lives according to
old tradition - several families of different generations live together under one roof.
The second largest population is occupied by the Kabyles (18%) - this is the indigenous Berber population of Algeria. They
were pushed back by the conquerors to the northeast of the country. This allowed them to preserve their customs and culture
and yours native language. Women do not cover their faces, wear bright colored dresses and are very sociable. All
They are engaged in crafts: women make pottery, and men make jewelry from enamel and silver.
A special ethnic group consists of the Mo-Zabits (25 thousand). They have lived in the Mzab region for more than 9 centuries.
Men are engaged in trade and cultivate date palms, and women are forbidden to leave the oasis.
The Sahara is home to Tuareg nomads who transport goods across the Sahara. The small population is not
about 1.6 million people are involved in agriculture. This number consists of artisans, traders,
workers, office workers, many of them are engaged in construction.

5. Cities

There are about 200 cities in Algeria
10 largest cities
Algeria - 2,160,000
Oran - 680,000
Constantine - 465,000
Batna - 293,000
Djelfa - 250,000
Setif - 232,000
Biskra - 208,000
Annaba - 207,000
Sidi Bel Abbes - 196,000
Tebessa - 193,000
Algiers is the capital and largest city of Algeria.
The name of the city comes from "al-Jazair", which
translated from Arabic means “islands”, so
as before there were 4 islands near the city,
which became part of the mainland. Population
2.9 million people Geographic coordinates:
36°47′ N. w. 3°04′ E. d
It is located on the Mediterranean Sea.
The modern part of the city extends along
coastline, the ancient part of the city climbs
steep hill - about 140 meters above level
seas

6. Minerals

Algeria ranks leading place on
continent by valuable reserves
mineral raw materials. Here
such useful ones are obtained
fossils, like oil, natural
gas, phosphates, iron ore, zinc,
coal, mercury and other ore raw materials.
Iron ore mining in Algeria
carried out in such metas as
Beni-Safe, Wenza and Zakkara. IN
Xixou and Bechara area
Bituminous coal is being mined.
Other important useful
minerals mined in
Algeria, are lead, zinc and
phosphates.
The main deposits of natural
gas is concentrated in the area
Hassi-Rmel, and the main oil
deposits are located in
Hassi-Mesaude, Hassi-Rmele,
Ejele, south of Hassi Mesaoud and in
Illizi Valley.

7.Nature

The country's territory includes two main geological areas. The first of them is platform, on which it is located
the famous Sahara Desert, which occupies almost 80% of the entire country. The second is folded, formed during
formation of the so-called Alpine folding.
The vast territory occupied by the Sahara Desert includes a whole series sandy and rocky deserts, and from the southeastern
The side is formed by the Akhagar highland, where the highest point of the country is located - the city of Takhat (2096 meters). It is curious that the northern
part of Algeria is 26 meters below sea level and there is a shallow salt lake, which Algerians call
Schott-Melgir.
Since the age of the main mountains of Algeria - the Atlas - is relatively young, this predetermined the seismic nature of the territory
countries. Destructive earthquakes are common here, one of which, for example, occurred in 2003.
Rivers of Algeria, so-called oueds are temporary watercourses, some of which flow into the Mediterranean Sea, and the rest,
used for irrigation and water supply, they are lost in the endless sands of the desert. In summer, these rivers, like lakes, dry up, however
where there are sufficiently large reserves groundwater, are located relatively comfortable for the life of people and animals
oases.
And although the vegetation of the country, most of which is located on the territory of a lifeless desert, is quite poor,
On the Mediterranean coast the situation looks much better - there is a huge mass of evergreen trees and
bushes. In the forests of the Atlas Mountains grow holm and cork oaks, juniper, thuja, Aleppo pine, cedar and others.
tree species.
The fauna, like the plant world, is also quite poor and has been largely exterminated. In the Sahara you can meet cheetahs, hyenas,
jackals, foxes, birds of prey, snakes, turtles, etc. Hares and wild boars are still found in the Atlas Mountains, as well as representatives
monkeys - macaques.

10. 8.Economy

The basis of Algeria's economy is gas and oil. They provide 30% of GDP, 60% of the state budget revenues, 95%
export earnings. Algeria ranks 8th in the world in gas reserves and 4th in the world in gas exports. By
Algeria's oil reserves rank 15th in the world and 11th in its exports. The Algerian authorities are making efforts to
diversifying the economy and attracting foreign and domestic investment in other sectors. Structural
changes in the economy, such as the development of the banking sector and infrastructure construction, are slow,
partly due to corruption and bureaucracy.
GDP per capita in 2012 was $8.7 thousand (91st place in the world). Below the poverty level - 17% of the population.
Unemployment - 15.8% (in 2008). The average salary in 2009 was (in US dollars) $510.
Spheres of employment of workers - in the civil service 32%, in trade 14.6%, in agriculture 14%, in
industry 13.4%, construction and utilities 10%, other 16% (in 2003).
Industry (62% of GDP in 2008) - oil and gas production, light industry, mining,
energy, petrochemical, food.
Agriculture (8% of GDP in 2008) - wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus fruits, fruits; getting divorced
sheep, cows.
Export ($78.2 billion in 2008) - oil, gas, petroleum products 97%.
Main buyers - USA 23.9%, Italy 15.5%, Spain 11.4%, France 8%, Netherlands 7.8%, Canada
6,8 %.
Imports ($39.2 billion in 2008) - industrial products, food, consumer goods.
The main suppliers are France 16.5%, Italy 11%, China 10.3%, Spain 7.4%, Germany 6.1%, USA 5.5%.
The total length of product pipelines for the transportation of natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gas
condensate and crude oil 15.7 thousand km.
The internal network of gas pipelines has total length 8.4 thousand km. The gas pipeline is operational
Transmed (Algeria-Tunisia-Italy) with a length of 2.6 thousand km (including 550 km in Algeria) and
Maghreb-Europe (Algeria, Morocco, Spain) - 1365 km.
The total length of oil pipelines (5.9 thousand km) allows pumping 84 million tons of oil to the coast annually.
Main oil pipelines: Haud el-Hamra-Arzew, Haud el-Hamra-Bejaya, In-Amenas-Sehira (Tunisia), Haud el-Hamra-Mesdar-Skikda.

11. Structure of the Algerian economy

12. 9. Contribution to world culture

Algerian culture
The culture of Algeria has evolved over many centuries and centuries. In it
The cultures of many countries and tribes are closely connected. First Berber culture, later
Byzantine tribes, then very closely intertwined with the Arab era in which
Algerians lived, later Turkish rule contributed quite a bit important role into development. AND
Finally, culture took a lot of new things from the culture of the European state of France.
Having reached our time, all these cultures intertwined together and became one
culture of the Algerian state. But some components of culture have retained their
pristine appearance. This mainly concerns the Berber culture, which
has retained some of its traditions. France provided positive influence on
development of the intelligentsia in Algeria, literature written in French
became part of the national literature. The culture of Algerian villages is very dense
modern and historical traditions. The villages were practically preserved
authentically Berber culture. Agricultural implements have not undergone
changes since the era of Arab rule, sickle hoe, wooden fork remained in
in their original form, they use camels as draft power. At home in the villages
located in small clusters. There are also nomadic people left today
Berber tribes who live in tents covered with goat skins.
The national dress of rural residents looks like this: women cover their heads,
the face was open, the veils with which the head was covered were very bright.
Women's clothing is wide trousers and shirts, men wear national
clothes but often combine them with European decoration. Women in the city
cover half of the face, its lower part and use white blankets for
heads, combine clothes with European achievements such as shoes and dresses.
Women walking at the same time look like the embodiment of the union of cultures
different generations, one with a covered face and a covered head and walking next to
a young representative of Algeria dressed according to all the canons of European fashion.
.

13.

Science in Algeria is one of the high levels Algerian
university, has been recognized as a university that may appear
in the list of the best universities. It fully corresponds
world standards of science and education. Many scientists
the university contributed great contribution in the development of sciences and research
Algerian culture.
Education system
Like all branches of culture and art, which are very interesting,
multifaceted, the education system is also not without demand for it
studying. In modern Algeria, the education system is similar to
French, since it is known that France entered the
territory of the country and having occupied its territory stopped at
for many years, introducing changes and innovations into all areas of life
including education. Educational institutions existed back in
times of Arab and Turkish rule. But with the arrival of
territory of France, during the time of their national movements
had to be closed, those that continued to work were under strict
leadership of the French authorities. The literate population was
a tiny part of Algerian society. Only upon receipt
independence, Algeria began to rise to higher levels
education. Education received the status of compulsory. Were
changes have been made on the part of national culture. Initial
the school provides seven years of education and study for children from
age six, followed by lyceums and colleges. Education
passes into elementary school in French and Arabic, Then
training takes place only on state language Algerian Arabic.
Students receive professional knowledge in special colleges
or in the technical departments of the lyceum. The first one was opened in 1879
Algiers University. This university offers specialties in
various fields, economics, law, medicine, all are taught
humanitarian subjects. Also, this university employs the best
specialists and luminaries of science in Algeria. The university has good
base in the training of specialists, carried out on the basis of the university
all kinds of research in the fields of psychology, the study
diseases at the Department of Medicine

14. Information in the media

1. Until recently, Algeria was the second largest country in Africa, but due to the division of Sudan into North and
Southern - hurray comrades! Algeria is the largest country in Africa! In addition, it ranks 11th in the world in size
among other countries.
2. 80% of the country is occupied by Her Majesty the Sahara Desert.
3. Algeria has the longest coastline among the Maghreb countries - 988 km.
4. Wax was imported into medieval France from Algeria.
5. The Arabs say: Maghreb is a bird whose right wing is Tunisia, the left wing is Morocco, and the body of the bird is Algeria.
6. In Algeria there is a natural lake filled with ink that can be used for writing.
7. Algeria is a unique country in terms of its climatic characteristics and nature; there is a desert, mountains, lakes, and
sea, and various forests. In Algeria in summer it can reach +50 (Sahara), and in winter it snows in some cities.
8. Algerians kiss only an even number of times when they meet, most often 2 or 4.
9. The famous designer Yves Saint Laurent was born in Algeria.
10. The word "Algeria" means "islands".
11. Scientists in Algeria have found that this is suitable for high-quality water purification from unnatural dyes.
an affordable product, like an orange. Or rather, its crusts.
12. Algiers (capital) is a staircase city, as it is located on the hills, and there are many, many small and large ones everywhere
stairs
13. The indigenous inhabitants of Algeria are peoples who speak Berber dialects, and the Arabs are just conquerors.
14. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Algeria was a country of corsairs (pirates), the most famous of whom, Barbarossa, was the ruler
Algeria.
15. Algerian men love women in the body, so previously a girl upon reaching marriageable age was sent to
special houses for fattening.
16. Algerians speak a mixture of Arabic and French, the Berber language is not understood by most Arabs.
17. Algeria has 7 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
18. Algerians love and eat baguettes in incredible quantities (a legacy of French colonial times).
19. White sand truffles grow in Algeria. These mushrooms are considered relict mushrooms of the great African desert
Sugars. Mushrooms taste amazing!

Author Yosimin Mavlodod asked a question in the section Other things about cities and countries

Please describe Algeria according to the country description plan)) and received the best answer

Answer from Evgeny Kuznetsov[guru]
ALGERIA, Algerian People's Democratic Republic (Arabic: Al-Jumhuriyah al-Jaza`iriyah ad-Dimuqratiyah ash-Sha"biyah), a state in North Africa, belongs to the Maghreb countries. It is washed by the Mediterranean Sea from the north, bordered by Tunisia, Libya, Niger , Mali, Western Sahara, Mauritania and Morocco. Area 2381.7 thousand km2. Population 32.8 million people (2004). Major cities: Algeria, Oran, Annaba, Constantine, Setif, Blida, Tizi-Ouzou, Ash Shelif.
State system
Republic. The head of state is the president. The legislative body is the unicameral National People's Assembly. During a state of emergency, power passes to the Supreme State Council.
Administrative division
48 wilayas (provinces).
Nature
The north of the country occupies the central part of the Atlas Mountains. Two main mountain ranges - the Coastal Atlas (Tel Atlas) and the Saharan Atlas are interspersed with intermountain plains. The Sahara Desert is located in the south of the country (Algeria accounts for most of its territory). Rocky deserts are called hamads, and sandy deserts are called ergs. In the south, in the Ahaggar highlands, there is the city of Takhat (3003 m), the highest point of the country. The climate of Northern Algeria is subtropical Mediterranean. The climate of the Algerian Sahara is tropical desert, with precipitation less than 50 mm per year. The river network is poorly developed (the largest is the Shelif River). Most watercourses do not have a constant flow. The vegetation and soils of Northern Algeria are typically Mediterranean. Among the forests and shrubs, there are tracts of cork oak (mainly in the Tel Atlas mountains); in the semi-desert - alpha grass. Large areas of the Sahara are devoid of vegetation. National parks: Djurjura, Akfadu, Tassilin-Ajjer, etc.
Economy
Agrarian country. They cultivate mainly grains, grapes, vegetables, and fruits. Wine is produced for export. In semi-desert areas - collection and primary processing of alpha grass, used for the production of the best grades of paper. 95% of export earnings come from oil and gas sales. GNP per capita. $1600 (1995).
The monetary unit is the Algerian dinar.
Population
The majority (approx. 80%) of the population are Arabs. OK. 20% are Berbers, descendants of the ancient population of Algeria, consisting of several tribes loosely connected with each other. Nomadic tribes live in the desert, ch. Tuareg arr. Official language- Arabic, French is widely spoken. The state religion is Islam, the vast majority of the population is Sunni. More than 95% of us live in Northern Algeria. country, mainly on the narrow coastal strip and in the massifs of Kabylia. Urban population 56%. Density 13.8 people. /km2. There are large communities of Algerian Arabs in France, Belgium, and the USA.

Algeria (full name - Algerian People's Democratic Republic) is a state, one of the main associations with which is the Sahara Desert

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Algeria (full name - Algerian People's Democratic Republic) is a state, one of the main associations with which is the Sahara Desert - a huge formation that occupies most of the country's territory.

In addition, in Algeria, tourists will find it interesting to explore the many attractions, many of which date back to the period ancient Rome, Carthage and Byzantium.

Location, composition and cities

Algeria is located in the northern part of the African continent. The country has access to the Mediterranean coast.

Administratively, the country consists of 48 provinces (wilayas), 553 districts and 1,541 communes.

Largest cities: Algiers, Oran, Constantine, Batna, Setif and Annaba (more than 200,000 people).

The capital of Algeria is the city of Algiers.

Borders and area

Land borders with Morocco, Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Mali, Mauritania.

Algeria covers an area of ​​2,381,740 square kilometers.

Time zone

Population

35,423,000 people.

Language

The official language is Arabic.

Religion

The state religion is Islam.

Finance

The official currency is the Algerian dinar.

Medical care and insurance

Before visiting this African country Be sure to purchase international health insurance. We also note that in Algeria all medical services are paid.

Mains voltage

230 Volt. Frequency 50 Hz.

Holidays and non-working days in Algeria

December Ascension of Muhammad

December Beginning of Ramadan

December Eid al-Adha (Feast of Sacrifice)

December Eid al-Fitr (end of Ramadan)

December Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad (Mawlid an-Nabi)

December Ashura

December Islamic New Year

Transport

Transport used to transport passengers is represented by buses and trains. The cost of a train ticket is significantly higher than the price of a bus, but the speed of travel is also railways higher.

The main means of transportation around the country is by bus.

Roads are of high quality everywhere.

International dialing code

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Economic and geographical position of Algeria

This state is located in northern Africa on the Mediterranean coast.

The country's western border runs with Morocco, Western Sahara, and Mauritania.

Its southern neighbors are Mali and Niger, and to the east are Libya and Tunisia. All of Algeria's neighbors are agricultural developing countries.

Algeria has open exit into the Mediterranean Sea, and through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Atlantic Ocean.

Rich natural resources it has long attracted the attention of Europeans and was occupied by France in the mid-19th century. The war against the French colonialists lasted for seven years and ended in 1962 with the declaration of independence.

The southern part of the country, occupied by the desert, does not have a transport infrastructure, so internal transportation is carried out by air. Almost all are large settlements connected to the capital, Algiers, by regular flights.

Railway lines run only in the northern part of the country between the largest cities.

Domestic transportation of goods - 73% and passengers - 85%, is carried out by road. The roads that are part of the trans-African road network pass through Algeria, and its important part is the Algeria-Lagos Trans-Saharan Highway.

International communications are carried out by air and sea transport.

The agricultural sector of the economy is developing in the north of the country; the main area of ​​commercial agriculture has become the north-west, where soft wheat and wine grapes are grown.

The northeast has mineral resources and, above all, large reserves of iron ore and phosphorites, which is why it initially received a mining specialization.

Various types of agriculture were formed in the Central North - grain farming, subtropical horticulture, early vegetable growing and transhumance. Agricultural raw materials were processed at enterprises in the capital.

Separate mining centers and mineral resource areas began to emerge as a result of the discovery of the largest hydrocarbon reserves in the Algerian Sahara.

In foreign trade turnover, Algeria's share in product exports accounts for more than $50 billion. Imports amount to just over $40 billion.

Among the main trading partners are European countries and the USA. The main export item – 97.6% – is hydrocarbons. Also exported are citrus fruits, wine, cork, building materials and other products.

Imports are dominated by machinery and equipment, consumer goods and food products.

French domination left its mark on the Algerian economy. The country was dominated mainly by the European capitalist sector. And today, French capital maintains its position in the oil and gas industry.

Note 1

In general, the economic and geographical position of the country is quite favorable - a subtropical Mediterranean climate in the north of the country, fertile soils, open access to the sea, the presence of large mineral deposits on the one hand, and on the other - the southern part of Algeria is located in difficult desert conditions, development and development which is complicated by natural conditions.

Natural conditions of Algeria

Due to its length from north to south, the country is located in different climatic zones and different natural zones.

The Sahara occupies 80% of the territory and consists of separate rocky and sandy deserts. The Atlas ranges, located parallel to each other, extend to the north of the country - Tell Atlas and Saharan Atlas. The ridges are separated by high plateaus and deep gorges.

The Atlas Mountains belong to the Alpine mountain formation, so the area is highly seismic. Of the latter, a devastating earthquake occurred in 2003.

In the southeastern part of the Algerian Sahara is the elevated Ahaggar highlands with highest point country - Mount Takhat (2906 m). The highlands represent the metamorphic foundation of the Sahara Platform, which came to the surface. The highlands are surrounded on all sides by stepped plateaus - Tassil-Adjer, Tassil-Ahaggar and the Muidir mountains. Northern part The Algerian Sahara is located 26 m below sea level, where the salt lake Chott-Melgir was formed.

The Sahara has a great influence on the nature of Northern Algeria, enhancing African specificity and creating differences from other Mediterranean non-African countries.

The size of the country determines the diversity of climatic conditions - in the north of the country the climate is subtropical Mediterranean, and in the south it is tropical desert.

There is no clear boundary between them, and even in one part of the country there may be several different types climates - in the mountains it can be mountainous and desert, in the northeast - subtropical, in the southwest desert, and in some regions even steppe.

The Mediterranean coast is characterized by warm and rainy winters, January temperatures are +12 degrees, in the mountains it is cooler and there may even be snow for 2-3 weeks.

The Sahara is characterized by daily temperature fluctuations. At night it can drop below zero, and during the day it can reach +20 degrees. In general, summers are hot and dry.

The smallest amount of precipitation falls in the Sahara - from 0-50 mm per year, the Atlas Mountains receive the maximum amount of precipitation - from 400-1200 mm.

Algerian rivers are temporary watercourses called wadis.

Definition 1

Wadis are dry river beds that fill with water during the rainy season.

They are lost in the desert sands. Rivers flowing in the far north of the country carry their waters to the Mediterranean Sea.

The lakes, which dry up in summer, are covered with a crust of salt, the thickness of which reaches 60 cm. In the regions of the Sahara, where there are underground water reserves, the largest oases appear.

The Mediterranean coast is represented by hard-leaved evergreen trees and shrubs; in the mountains there are forests of cork and holm oak, juniper, Aleppo pine, thuja, and Atlas cedar.

The desert flora is represented mainly by ephemerals and saltworts.

For a long time, people exterminated animals, so the fauna here is very poor. In the mountain forests there are hares, wild boars, and macaques. In the semi-desert and desert zones there are cheetahs, gazelles, antelopes, hyenas, jackals, birds of prey, small rodents, snakes, and lizards. Invertebrates are represented by locusts, scorpions, centipedes, and phalanges.

Note 2

Thus, Algeria is located in an area of ​​high altitude zones, semi-deserts, deserts, hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs.

Natural resources of Algeria

To the west of Egypt are the Maghreb countries and among them Algeria is the largest and richest country in natural resources.

It ranks first in terms of reserves of natural gas, mercury, and tungsten.

The depths contain iron ore, the reserves of which amount to 5.4 billion tons, non-ferrous metals, and phosphorites.

The country's main wealth is oil, the reserves of which amount to 1.1 billion tons.

Explored mineral resources number more than 30 types, among them such valuable ones as:

  • gold,
  • Uranus,
  • zinc,
  • tin.

Deposits discovered coal- Kenadza, Abadla, Mezarif, but its reserves are insignificant. Caking coals and ash contain from 8 to 20%, as well as volatile impurities and sulfur.

In terms of mercury reserves, the country is in first place on the African continent; 4% of the world's reserves are concentrated in its depths.

The area occupied by forest resources is about 4.7 million hectares. Large areas of forested areas were destroyed during the War of Independence. Wood is used mainly as fuel and as a building material.