Far Eastern District of Russia
The Far Eastern Federal District (FFO) is an administrative entity located in the Far East of the Russian Federation. The interactive map of the Far Eastern Federal District represents 10 subjects: 3 regions (Kamchatka, Primorsky, Khabarovsk), 4 regions (Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, Kamchatka), Jewish Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and Chukotka autonomous region.Being the largest district of the state, the Far Eastern Federal District covers an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 6 million km². Its territory is home to approximately 6, 25 million people. On the map of the Far Eastern District, the city of Khabarovsk is indicated, which serves as the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District, which occupies the territory of the Middle Amur Lowland and is located on the bank of the river. Amur, near the border of the region with China.
Besides Khabarovsk, detailed map Far Eastern Federal District contains information about such large cities Far Eastern Federal District, like Vladivostok, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Yakutsk and Blagoveshchensk. In total, 68 cities are located in the region.
An important role in the economic development of the Far Eastern Federal District, which is considered the resource base of the Russian Federation, is played by non-ferrous metallurgy, timber, mining, coal and fishing industries, and shipbuilding. The map of the Far Eastern Federal District represents its northern part (Yakutia, Magadan region), the economy of which is based on the extraction of precious metals, diamonds, and the southern (Primorsky Krai, Khabarovsk region, Kamchatka, Amur and Sakhalin regions), where the forestry, pulp and paper and woodworking industries reached a high level.
Far Eastern Federal District (DFO) - the largest federal district of Russia. It occupies 36% of the country's territory - 6216 thousand square meters. km. The share of the population is much more modest - only 5% (7.2 million people).
The enormous size of the region, its length from west to east for 3 thousand km and from north to south for 3,200 km caused extreme diversity natural conditions: and the untold wealth of the bowels, and the coastal waters of the two oceans. But the main thing for the Far East is its geopolitical position. America (Alaska) begins 35 km from Chukotka, across the Bering Strait; The forty-three-kilometer La Perouse Strait separates Sakhalin Island from the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The region borders with China for 2 thousand km, the border with the DPRK stretches for 60 km.
The development of the Far East by Russia began in the 50s. XIX century, at about the same time as the regions of the Far West of the United States (1845). In the middle of the 20th century, millionaire cities (Los Angeles, San Francisco) appear on the coast of the United States, while in our Far East the number of residents of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok barely exceeded 600 thousand.
In terms of natural resources, the Russian Far East is not inferior to the US Far West. There is ubiquitous coal and brown coal, oil and gas (Sakhalin), polymetals, tin, graphite (Primorsky Territory), iron and manganese ores (Jewish Autonomous Region), and they cannot even be compared in terms of forest and fur resources.
The region's weak point is its weak transport links with the rest of Russia. In practice, only air transport and the only highly overloaded railway - Transsib. There is almost no car connection; internal ties between regions are very weak; rivers help out in summer navigation. Leading place in interregional transportation belongs to sea transport.
Oil and gas production on the shelf of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk can provide a powerful impetus for the region's economic growth. Inferred hydrocarbon resources account for 40% of the total explored reserves of Russia.
In the Far Eastern Federal District, one can distinguish the regions of the South of the Far East, Primorsky regions and, separately, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Find a map of a city, village, region or country
Far East. Yandex map.
Allows you to: change the scale; measure distances; switch display modes - diagram, satellite view, hybrid. The mechanism of Yandex maps is used, it contains: districts, street names, house numbers, etc. objects of cities and large villages, allows you to perform search by address (square, avenue, street + house number, etc.), for example: "Lenin street 3", "Far East hotels", etc.
If you didn't find something, try the section google satellite map: Far East or a vector map from OpenStreetMap: Far East.
Link to the object of your choice on the map can be sent by e-mail, icq, sms or posted on the site. For example, to show the meeting point, delivery address, the location of a store, cinema, station, etc.: align the object with the marker in the center of the map, copy the link on the left above the map and send it to the addressee - using the marker in the center, he will determine the place you specified ...
Far East - online map with satellite view: streets, houses, districts and other objects.
To change the scale, use the mouse scroll wheel, the "+ -" slider on the left, or the "Zoom in" button in the upper left corner of the map; to see a satellite view or a national map - select the corresponding menu item in the upper right corner; to measure the distance - click the ruler at the bottom right and draw points on the map.
The Russian Far East (RF) is defined as a federal district, that is, an area whose territories have similar market specialization and infrastructure, and as an economic region formed for the convenience of managing economic, social and political development. Below we will consider its features, location on the map, cities that are part of it.
Far East is the territory of the Russian Federation, occupying the entire outskirts of the eastern part of the country. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Far East is 6.1693 million km², which is about 36% of the entire country. The region stretches along the Pacific coast for almost 4.5 thousand km and is washed by the waters of the Japanese, Okhotsk, Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian and Laptev seas.
The Far Eastern region is determined by its sea and land borders:
- northern part has access to the Arctic and Pacific oceans, and also borders on the western coast of the United States of America (it separates the 2 states of the Bering Strait);
- on South passes the land border with China and Korea and the maritime state border with Japan.
Distinctive features of the geographic location of the Far East:
- remoteness from the central part of the country;
- the Far East includes a large archipelago, that is, a group of adjacent islands (Kuriles, Commander Islands; Sakhalin, Wrangel Island);
- the border of the Arctic Circle passes through the territory;
- a common economic space with Asian countries and the United States;
- important transport routes are located on its territory.
The composition of the Far East
The Far East, the map with the cities of which will be presented below, includes the following regions:
Cities and towns: list
According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, in 2016 there were 67 cities and 149 urban-type settlements in the Far East. For an area of \u200b\u200b6 million km², this is a very small value. The main reason for the sparsely populated area of \u200b\u200bthis vast area lies in the natural and geographical factor, which will be discussed below.
Russian Far East cities:
Urban-type settlements in the Russian Far East:
| Primorsky Krai | Amur region | Chukotka Autonomous District |
| Danube Gornorechensky Kavalerovo Factory Crystal Transformation Novoshakhtinsky Illichivka Borderline Zarubino Kraskino Seaside Slav Yaroslavsky Sibirtsevo Smolyaninovo | Progress Novoraichikhinsk Novobureysky Magdagachi Fevralsk Seryshevo Erofey Pavlovich | Coal Mines Beringovsky Bilibino Providence Egvekinot Cape Schmidt Leningradsky |
Population of the region
The Far East, the map with the cities of which and the size of their population shows that the population is unevenly distributed over the territory of the district, has about 6.2 million inhabitants. For example, at the beginning of 2016, about 960 thousand people lived in Yakutia, while the population density in the region was 0.3, and in the administrative center - 2.5 thousand people per square kilometer.
Such a colossal difference is typical for almost all subjects of the Russian Federation that are part of the Far East. The lowest population density in Chukotka autonomous region - 0.1 people per square kilometer. The largest - in the Primorsky Territory, it is 11.7 hours per km².
In terms of total population, Primorsky Territory is also in the lead (1.9 million people), followed by Khabarovsk Territory (1.3 million people), Sakha (960 thousand people), Amur Region (800 thousand people). , Sakhalin (490 thousand people), Kamchatka (315 thousand people), the Jewish Autonomous Region (166 thousand people), Magadan (146 thousand people), the least of all people live in Chukotka (50 thousand people).
In connection with the gradual outflow of the population from the regions of the Far East, the Far Eastern hectare program was developed. According to the plan, as a result of its implementation, the population will increase and the economic indicators of the territory will increase. At the end of 2017, 34 thousand people received land plots for use.
Among the nationalities in the Far East, Russians predominate, there are also Ukrainians, Tatars, and settlers from neighboring countries - Koreans and Chinese.
Indigenous peoples have a special cultural and historical value, whose traditions and customs are carefully protected by the state. Evenks live in Yakutia, there are about 18 thousand people. Nanai live in the Khabarovsk Territory and on the banks of the Amur. In Kamchatka, Chukotka and in the Magadan region, the Koryaks are located, their number is about 8 thousand people. And in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - the Chukchi.
Features of the relief
The Far East is located at the junction of two lithospheric plates: the Pacific and Eurasian. This fact becomes the cause of periodic earthquakes (Kamchatka, Kuril Islands), including underwater ones, which leads to the formation of large waves (tsunamis), from which the Kamchatka Territory often suffers and Sakhalin Region.
Most of the regions are occupied by mountains, highlands, ridges: the Dzhugdzhur mountains in the Khabarovsk Territory, the Sredinny Range in the Kamchatka Territory, and on Sakhalin there are many steep mountains. The highest area is the Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano (4750 m). Active volcanoes distributed over the territory of the Far Eastern region have become a symbol of the border of the eastern part of Russia.
In the north are the Chukotka, Koryak and Kolyma highlands. The Anadyr plateau lies between them. The southern part of the Far Eastern region is characterized by plains, medium-high mountains (Bureya mountain range, Sikhote-Alin mountains, Zeisko-Bureinskaya, Prikhankayskaya and Sredneamurskaya lowlands).
Far Eastern precipitation and air masses
The Far East, a map with cities and regions of which will help to understand meteorology, depending on the territorial location of a particular region, has a different amount of precipitation. In the northern part, on average, it falls from 200 to 700 mm per year. In Chukotka, this value is 300-700 mm per year. In the northern part of Yakutia - up to 200 mm, and in the east - up to 600 mm per year.
About 400-800 mm of precipitation per year falls in the Khabarovsk Territory, the Jewish Autonomous Region and in Primorye. The highest values \u200b\u200bof precipitation amount in the southeast of Kamchatka - up to 2500 mm per year and on Sakhalin - 600-1200 mm per year (in particular, due to the insular and peninsular nature of the territories).
In Kamchatka Krai, the difference in precipitation in the south and in the north can be up to 2000 mm. The north-east of the region is characterized by a value of 300 mm per year, and for the south - 2500 mm.
In the Khabarovsk Territory, most of the precipitation falls in July and August.
The monsoon climate of the Amur region brings in summer a large number of precipitation (900-1000 mm per year). Less rains are closer to the Amur and the Zeya River. In Primorye, most of the precipitation also occurs in the summer (about 800 mm per year). Due to the fact that the region is located on the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bJapan, typhoons happen here, and they bring with them even more precipitation.
Features of the temperature regime
The constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in the Far East are distinguished by abnormally low temperatures. Permafrost is widespread in the north of the Okrug. The range of winter air temperatures in the regions is from -6 to -40 ° C. In summer, the air warms up by no more than 25 ° C.
In the Sakha Republic, the difference between the coldest and warmest months of the year can be up to 70 ° C. In winter, the air temperature can be -50 ° C. In Chukotka in winter the temperature is usually not lower than -39 ° C, in summer - up to 10. The absolute minimum and maximum, respectively, are -61 ° C and + 34 ° C.
In the center of the Kamchatka Territory, the temperature fluctuates more than in other parts. In winter in the center and in the north - up to -24 ° C, in summer - + 16 ° C. In the south, it is about -12 ° C in winter, + 12 ° C in summer.
The Khabarovsk Territory stretches along the coast of two seas, so in summer it is hot and humid here, the air temperature from north to south reaches +15 - + 20 ° C. The average winter value is -22 - -40 ° C, on the coast it is slightly warmer. In the Amur Region, the temperature and weather conditions in general are similar.
Climate
The Far East, a map with cities and types of climate which will make it possible to determine the patterns of weather conditions, has features characteristic of the Arctic, subarctic, as well as monsoon and sharply continental types of climate. The northern territories of the Far Eastern Federal District are distinguished by arctic and subarctic climates.
For example, most of Chukotka is located beyond the Arctic Circle, there is a harsh climate, in the center the weather conditions correspond to the continental climate. In the north of Kamchatka and the Republic of Sakha, there is permafrost; winter here lasts up to 10 months.
In most of the lands of Yakutia, in the Magadan and northwestern parts of the Amur regions, the air temperature fluctuates on a large scale, very cold winters, short summers, with low temperatures. In these regions of the Russian Federation, winter lasts most of the year.
There is a monsoon climate on Sakhalin and partly in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. Winters in these areas are wetter than on the mainland.
In Kamchatka, signs of three types of climate can be observed at once: the monsoon climate on the coast, continental in the central part, and subarctic in the north. In the Jewish Autonomous Region, the monsoon but temperate climate allows the cultivation of agricultural crops, since sufficient rainfall ennobles the soil.
In Primorye, the climate is defined as monsoon. Due to the cold current that runs along the region, the region is periodically covered with fogs, and there are fewer sunny days in it than at the same latitude in the central part of Russia.
Surface water
The climatic conditions of the Far East, namely, sufficient precipitation, low air temperatures, low evaporation, have formed such a feature of the rivers of this region as their relatively small length. Besides such large riverslike Cupid, Kolyma, Anadyr.
On the river Cupid walk sea \u200b\u200bvessels, on its tributary, in the Amur region, - Zeya is a large hydroelectric power plant. Another one is located on another tributary of the Amur - r. Bureya. All water streams are mostly mountainous and powerful. The common river network belongs to the Pacific Ocean - after a while, streams of water flow into it.
The main location of the lakes is in areas of volcanoes or lowlands. They are located in hollows - former riverbeds or tectonic depressions. The largest lake in the area is Khanka. Swamps are widespread throughout the territory.
In the zone of permafrost development, there is ice, that is, accumulations of frozen water that has fallen on the surface as a result of natural processes (Aldan-Okhotsk watershed, upper Zeya).
Flora and fauna
The southern part of the Far East is distinguished by a humid and moderately warm climate; the tundra natural zone and taiga are located in the region. Therefore, the fauna and flora in the Far Eastern region is filled with typical inhabitants of these natural zones.
Permafrost, which is located in the northern regions, does not allow plant roots to penetrate deep into the ground, so the entire plant world has a low height.
Vegetable world Far East:
Fauna of the Far East:
Some species of birds, mammals, fish and reptiles of the Far Eastern District are included in the lists of specially protected animals endangered by extinction (included in the Red Book). Public and state organizations in the regions are trying to restore their numbers.
Natural resources
Maps of mineral deposits, maps of water and forest reserves of the regions show that large reserves of marine, forest and mineral resources are located on the territory of the Far Eastern region. To meet human needs in the Far East, they use a whole complex of objects of animate and inanimate nature.
The regions and cities of the Far East occupy a leading position in terms of the volume of mined precious stones, minerals and metals. Natural resources are represented by a rich fish world, invertebrates and algae. In the southern part of the district, wood is collected and harvested.
Among the mineral resources, the reserves of tin and tungsten are of particular importance; the deposits of gold, coal, lead-zinc and tin ores are located in the regions.
The Far Eastern regions have a high water supply per inhabitant. On the territory of Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands there are unique natural objects - geysers and volcanoes, which not only provide the tourist attractiveness of the regions, but also are sources of various types of metals, and can also be used to generate electricity.
The following categories of natural resources characteristic of the Far East can be distinguished:
Industry of the Far East
Industries developing in the Far East are associated with the presence of natural and fossil resources in this territory. The agro-industrial complex is made up of mining, forestry and fishing industries.
Certain types of mechanical engineering and non-ferrous metallurgy are also carried out:
Agriculture of the Far East
On the territory of the entire Far Eastern region, different types climate, but most of them differ in such temperature, precipitation and other characteristics that do not allow full-fledged agriculture, as in other regions of the Russian Federation.
For residents of the eastern part of Russia, the main source of food is the animal world, since the cultivation of grain crops is possible only in the south of the district.
Features of agriculture:
Among the main agricultural products, the Far East produces eggs, milk, livestock and poultry for slaughter, and some regions grow grain. Among the Far Eastern subjects of the Russian Federation, Chukotka, the Jewish Autonomous Region and Magadan are the least engaged in the production of agricultural products.
The territory of the Far East occupies one third of the whole of Russia. It can be found on the map in the very east of the country. It is an economic region with a powerful resource and industrial potential, with unique species of plants and animals, with cities, the population of which embodies the cultural and historical originality.
Article design: Lozinsky Oleg
Video about the Far East
The beauty of the Russian Far East from a bird's eye view:
The mining and processing industries, fishing, and the ship repair industry play a key role in the economy of the Far Eastern Federal District. Gold is mined in Yakutia and Chukotka. The Republic of Sakha also has Russia's largest proven reserves of uranium and coal, rich deposits of oil, gas and other minerals.
Transport of the Far Eastern Federal District
An online map of the Far Eastern Federal District with borders shows that the transport infrastructure of the Far Eastern Federal District is extremely unevenly developed. There are practically no paved roads in the northern regions. Moving by road on many roads is possible only in winter time years, and the main transport load falls on waterways and small aircraft. Sea routes messages are extremely important for Primorye too. The road and rail network is more developed here than in the north of the Far Eastern Federal District.
The most important highways:
- Highway А384: the only federal highway in Chukotka, a 30-kilometer road from the Anadyr helipad to the airport in Ugolny Mines.
- Federal highway "Kolyma", P504: 2000-km highway from Yakutsk to Magadan.
- Federal highway "Lena", A360: 1,150-kilometer Amuro-Yakutsk highway connecting settlements Primorye with administrative center Republic of Sakha.
- Federal highway "Vilyui", A331: 3000-km highway under construction. On this moment only separate sections are operated, including routes along the "winter roads". Upon completion of the construction, the highway should provide a reliable road connection between the Irkutsk region and Yakutia.
Railways
In the northern regions, the railway infrastructure is represented by only a few "narrow-gauge" lines of mining enterprises. On the territory of the southern regions of the Far Eastern Federal District (Primorye and Khabarovsk Territory) there are significant sections of the largest railways Transsib and BAM.
