| The subject of the Russian Federation: | Chukchi autonomous region | Main official city (administrative): | Anadyr | Federal District: | Far Eastern | Part National economy(economic region): | Far Eastern | OKATO region code: | 77000000000 | Date of formation of the region: | December 10, 1930 | Population (thousand people): | 50,839 (as of 2014) | Territory (thousand square kilometers): | 721,5 | Car registration plate (code): | 87 |
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Chukotka Map
Once upon a time, about many years ago, the peoples living on the Chukotka Peninsula hunted bison and mammoths. This story has been going on for quite a few centuries.
They came there from that ecologically clean place, which was then called Berendey. Much has changed over the past centuries. Archaeologists have recently found invaluable information about the life of people in the distant past.
IN modern age The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is a real treasure trove of the North-East of Russia. This majestic and diverse land is known for its natural mineral deposits throughout the world. The land contains coal, gas and oil deposits. There is tin, gold, mercury, tungsten, platinum.
In museums and exhibition halls, you can now see many old exhibits. These are products carved from deer antlers, walrus tusks, natural stone and wood. The location of ancient settlements is marked on the map of Chukotka.
Beautiful and varied natural world Chukotka. Trees and plants of various species grow there, ranging from dwarf species to the tallest. There are mineral healing springs. On the map of Chukotka, the Kruzenshtern Strait and the coastal islands named after Wrangel, Ratmanov, Herold are indicated.
The protected region of Chukotka is a peninsula where there is practically no summer. On the map of Russia, the region is located in the northeastern part of the country. Its entire territory is included in the subject of the same name of the Russian Federation - the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the peninsula. According to one of them, the region got its name from the local population - the Chukchi. According to another version, the peninsula is named after the Chukchi Sea washing it. "Chuk" in translation into Russian means "sea", "cold". According to the 3rd version, the name of the peninsula echoes Chukovsky, a member of the expedition to these parts.
In ancient times, when, according to scientists, the Bering Strait (separating Chukotka and Alaska) did not exist, people settled North America through the Chukchi Peninsula. The earliest settlement appeared in this region 8500 years ago.
Until the 17th century the indigenous population of Chukotka was represented by peoples: shelags, onkilons, yuits. Currently, the Chukchi are considered an indigenous people. Before the arrival of Russian explorers in the middle of the XVII century. technological development of the local population corresponded stone age.
According to official data, Chukotka was discovered in 1648 by the expedition of S. Dezhnev. It became part of the map of Russia only in 1803. At first, the region was part of the Irkutsk province, then the Primorsky region, since 1909 it began to belong to the Kamchatka province.
In 1660, the Anadyr prison was built on the Anadyr River - a stronghold of the Russian power in the Far East. After 100 years, the Anadyr prison was abolished. Soon, on the site of the old prison, a new one was erected specifically for the military garrison, but it was destroyed by a flood. By the middle of the 19th century, there were 4 villages and a fortress on the site of Anadyrsk, where 200 people lived.
Chukotka on the map of Russia becomes an autonomous territory in the first half of the 20th century. Anadyr has been the main city of the region since 1932. Until 1992, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug was not an independent region. The territory of the district was at first part of the Kamchatka region, then - Khabarovsk Territory, and since 1953 began to refer to the Magadan region.
Border regime
To date, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is a border zone. This means that the entry of citizens from other states into the settlements and islands of this region requires a pass from the border service of the Russian Federation or documents allowing them to stay in the border area.
On January 1, 2018, the border regulations for the local population were changed: now, in order to go to other municipalities, each person is required to take a vacation or travel certificate. 
A month later, the rules were changed: now citizens who have a permanent residence permit on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug have the right to move around the entire territory of the border region with an identity card marked PZ (border zone).
On June 17, 2018, an order came into force on the abolition of the border regulations in the zone of the Chukotka Autonomous District, with the exception of the inner islands that are part of municipalities(Ratmanov Island, Wrangel Island, Herald Island).
Citizens of the Russian Federation, when entering the areas of the sea coast and nearby islands, need to issue documents allowing them to stay in the border area.
CHAO on the map
Chukotka on the map of Russia is part of the Russian region of the same name. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug takes the 7th place in terms of area among all subjects of the Russian Federation (721,000 km 2). In the west, the Chukotka region has common border with Yakutia, in the south - with the Magadan and Kamchatka regions, in the east across the Bering Strait - with the USA.
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is divided into regions:
The Chukotka Peninsula is the only continental zone of Asia, which is located in the northeastern part of the Eurasian continent. Its area is 49,000 km 2. Between Chukotka and Alaska passes the Bering Strait, its width is 86 km.
In the north, the peninsula is washed by the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas, which belong to the Arctic Ocean. In the south, Chukotka is washed by the Bering Sea, which belongs to Pacific Ocean. Chukotka is the only peninsula in the world that is washed by 2 oceans or 3 seas.
A significant part of the Chukotka Peninsula is located above the Arctic Circle. The features of such geographical location are: a polar day in summer (when the sun does not set below the horizon for many days), a polar night in winter (in winter time the sun does not appear for 2 months), unique a natural phenomenon circumpolar and polar regions - aurora borealis. 
The peninsula is elongated in the northeast direction, has a long and curvy border line (7000 km long), where 4000 km is allocated to the coastal line of the upper seas. The remainder of the border runs through various highlands of the mainland and watershed mountain ranges.
Relief features
The main part of the territorial lands of the Chukotka Peninsula is occupied by highlands of medium height from 600 m to 1800 m: the northeastern Chukchi Highlands, the central Anadyr and Anyui Highlands, the southern part of the Chukchi lands is occupied by the Koryak and Kolyma Highlands.
Here the mountain ranges reach almost to the very sea, leaving only a narrow lowland coastal strip. In some places, the mountainous surface is divided by flat depressions.
The Chukchi Plateau is a watershed range. Some rivers, originating in the mountains of the peninsula, flow into the Chukchi Sea, others into the Bering Sea. most high point Chukotka is Mount Ikhodnaya, its height is 1194 m and is located in the area of Provideniya Bay. The highest mountain (height 1853 m) of the Chukotka Autonomous District is located in southern mountains.
physical map Russia (Chukotka) The mountain relief of the peninsula began to form about 20 million years ago, and from the point of view of geology, Chukotka is considered a fairly young region. The formation of mountain systems is currently not completed here.
Hydrology
Chukotka Peninsula is rich water resources. The territory of the region has 8000 large and small rivers. The rivers of Chukotka are ice-bound for 8 months a year, some of them freeze to the very bottom. The rivers of the peninsula may not be free of ice for several years. The release of ice from rivers is accompanied by the formation of ice jams, which is the cause of local floods and swamping of the territory.
Most major rivers region:
Chukotka has many lakes of various origins: geothermal lakes formed by hot springs, and coastal salt lakes on the coast of the Arctic Ocean, which are of lagoonal origin.
Among the lakes of the inner part of the peninsula, Lake Elgygytgyn stands out (a mountain lake of meteorite origin). The diameter of the lake is 12 km, the average depth is 170 m, and the area is about 120 km2. The lake was formed more than 3.5 million years ago as a result of the fall of a cosmic body. This was proved by analyzes of soil samples taken from the bottom of the lake.
The seas washing the shores of the Chukotka Peninsula (Bering, Chukchi, East Siberian) are ice-bound for most of the year, which is why salinity sea water V winter months high enough. 
In summer, the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas thaw exclusively from the south resulting in desalination of sea water. The Bering Sea in the warm season gets rid of ice by 100%. The temperature of sea water in the summer months in the area of the Chukotka Peninsula does not exceed 10°C.
Climate and its features on the peninsula
The climate in Chukotka is severe, subarctic. In coastal areas, the influence of the sea affects, so the climate in these places is much milder than in continental zones.
In the interior of the peninsula, the climate is of a sharply continental type:
The average annual air temperature does not exceed 0°С.
There are very few sunny windless days in Chukotka. The weather in this region is characterized by abrupt changes that occur due to the collision of southern warmer cyclones with year-round cold Arctic cyclones. As a result, very often intense winds blow in the region, gusts of which can reach 40 m/s.
Weather map of Chukotka:
| Districts of the peninsula | Air temperature | |||
| winter | spring | summer | autumn | |
| hinterland | up to -60°С | -8°C | up to +25°C | up to +15°C |
| Coast | -35°C | -6°C | no more than +15°C | +8°C |
Due to the extremely cold climate throughout Chukotka, underground permafrost. The permafrost reaches its greatest thickness in the western regions (up to 500 m). In coastal areas, soil freezing reaches a depth of 200 m. The temperature of the permafrost is from -2°С to -12°С.
Areas of hot springs and bottom soil of rivers and lakes are free from permafrost. During a short summer, the soil thaws only 3 m deep. The year-round permafrost of the soil affects the formation of swamps on the peninsula: the frozen soil is not able to absorb water.
Animal and plant world
Chukotka on the map of Russia is located in the far north. Due to harsh conditions vegetable world the peninsula is rather poor. Permafrost has a great influence on the development of plants, which prevents the penetration of moisture into the deep layers of the soil and does not allow the root system to fully develop. 
For these reasons, representatives of the Chukchi flora are:
- low-growing trees: Daurian larch, squat poplars and birches;
- shrubs: alder, elfin cedar, lingonberry, blueberry, sedge;
- several hundred varieties of mosses and lichens.
The fauna of the Chukotka region is quite diverse and original and varies depending on the natural area.
natural areas Chukotka from north to south:
- arctic desert;
- tundra;
- forest-tundra;
- larch taiga.
The northern coastal territories are inhabited by the largest, listed in the Red book, predator - polar bear, as well as marine mammals:
- walruses;
- ringed seals;
- sea hares;
- whales;
- killer whales;
- seals.
In the seas of the region there are a lot of the most diverse fish, mollusks and marine crustaceans. In the tundra there are a lot of birds (guillemots, guillemots, loons, waders), rodents (lemmings, hares, chipmunks) and animals with valuable fur (arctic foxes, sables, ermines).
Of the large representatives of the tundra and forest-tundra, it is worth noting the following animals:
Population
Representatives of 60 nationalities live on the territory of Chukotka.
At the end of the XX century. the total population of the district was 164,000 people, of which:
- Russians - 66%;
- Ukrainians - 17%;
- northern indigenous people (Chukchi, Koryaks, Eskimos) - 10%;
- Belarusians - 2%.
Recently, the share of indigenous peoples has increased to 21%, this is due to the mass migration of non-indigenous people. 
As of 2018, the population of the Chukotka region is 49,350 people, of which more than 70% live in cities. Most of the indigenous population lives in small villages (settlements with a population of 200 to 1000 people). Representatives of non-indigenous peoples live mainly in the main city of the district, Anadyr, or in large urban-type settlements.
The most populous cities and towns of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, in descending order:
- Anadyr - about 10,000 people;
- Bilibino, Pevek - from 4,000 people to 10,000 people;
- Coal Mines, Egvekinot, Lavrentiya, Provideniya - from 1000 people to 4000 people.
Transport connection
Chukotka is located in the Arctic zone, where the soil freezes heavily in winter and practically does not thaw in summer, and this is the main obstacle to road construction.
On the map of Russia, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug is one of the regions where there are no railways and paved roads.
The roads here are small and have a gravel surface. The length of the longest road is 2300 km. This transport route connects the Kolyma federal highway with Anadyr, the largest city in the Okrug. 
The federal seaport of Egvekinot is connected with the village of Iultin by a 207-kilometer road, which is the easternmost highway of the Russian Federation. The northernmost highway of the Russian Federation is considered to be a 32-kilometer gravel road connecting 2 villages where the gold mines of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Polyarny and Leningradsky are located.
Due to the inability to carry out cargo transportation by land transport in the Chukotka region, air and sea communications are well developed.
The largest international airport of federal significance is located in the village of Ugolnye Kopi. Pevek Airport also has federal significance. The airport of Provideniya village is international. In addition to large airports, there are also 6 small civilian airfields and 1 military airfield in the city of Anadyr in the region.
The maritime transport system of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug includes 5 seaports:
- Pevek on the coast of the East Siberian Sea, which receives ships coming from western cities (Murmansk, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk).
- Beringovsky, Egvekinot, Provideniya, Anadyr, located on the coast of the Bering Sea, receive ships in an eastern direction (Vladivostok, Nakhodka, Magadan, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Sakhalin Island).
industrial development
The industry of Chukotka is represented by:
More than 10% of all gold in the Russian Federation is located in the depths of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
3 enterprises are engaged in the development of deposits and the extraction of ores of expensive metals:
- LLC "A / c Chukotka";
- LLC "A / s Polyarnaya";
- CJSC Chukotka Mining and Geological Company.
Alluvial gold mining in Chukotka has the right to engage in:
- OOO A/s Luch;
- CJSC A/s Polar Star»;
- LLC "A / s Shakhter".
Non-ferrous non-precious metals are mined by Severnoye Olovo CJSC at the Pyrkakayskoye deposit. There are 2 large coal deposits in Chukotka: Anadyrskoye (OAO Nagornaya Mine) and Coal Bay (OAO Coal Mine).
There are 2 oil and gas bearing basins in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: Anadyr and Khatyr. The development of deposits, as well as the extraction of fuel raw materials in the region, is carried out by LLC Sibneft-Chukotka, which is a subsidiary of OAO Gazprom-Neft.
Off the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula is one of the richest fishing spots in the Russian Federation. The main enterprise of the fishing industry in Chukotka is Chukotrybpromkhoz. The company fully satisfies the consumer needs for fish and seafood in its region, and is also engaged in the export of seafood.
The electric power complex in the region is represented by the following enterprises producing heat and electricity:
Agriculture
In agricultural production, 98% is accounted for by livestock and only 2% by crop production.
Livestock and hunting
The livestock sector in the region is represented by reindeer breeding. Reindeer breeding on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous District is carried out by 2 enterprises: MUP SKHTP "Keper" and MUP SKhTP "Zapolyarye". 73% of agricultural land has been allocated for reindeer pastures. At present, these enterprises are successfully developing, the total number of deer is increasing (about 18,000 heads), meat production is 1,600 tons.
In the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, hunting is allowed for:
Only the local population of Chukotka is allowed to hunt walruses from early summer to mid-autumn.
crop production
Due to the harsh climatic conditions, the crop industry in the region is very poorly developed. Vegetables are grown in small quantities on non-frost areas that do not require a large number heat, such as potatoes.
Growing heat-loving vegetable crops in the region is possible only in greenhouse conditions. At present, 10% of vegetables from the norm of consumption in the region are grown in the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous District.
culture
There are a lot of historical and natural monuments, unique places and natural phenomena in the Chukotka region, the customs and holidays of the indigenous population are very interesting. 
Therefore, diversified tourism is very well developed in Chukotka.
Tourism
Most The best way acquaintance with the territory of the peninsula - a trip along the rivers of Chukotka. Best time for water tourism - July, August. Sea cruise tours are organized on the eastern coast of the peninsula. Travel program: visiting national settlements, cultural monuments, historical sights; journey through the northern seas.
Fans of scientific tourism will be interested in visiting: the settlements of local reindeer herders and sea mammal hunters, where the way of life has been preserved unchanged since ancient times; about 500 unique monuments of history and archeology; get acquainted with the rich fauna of the region. 
The most courageous tourists will be able to go on a skiing or dog sledding trip to the geographic North Pole of the Earth. Ski tourism is well developed in Chukotka. For this, 2 specialized bases are equipped in the village of Egvekinot and the village of Provideniya.
Currently, 4 firms have the right to conduct tourism business in the region. In the main city of the region, 3 hotels have been built specifically for tourists. The district government has developed and approved special program for the development of tourism in the region.
archaeological heritage
Archaeological research on the peninsula began at the end of the 18th century. At that time, the dwellings of the ancient inhabitants of Cape Bolshoy Baranov Kamen were discovered. Already in the XX century. not far from Anadyr, several ancient sites, a large burial, and household items were discovered. The age of the found settlement is at least 4000 years.
Archaeological expeditions under the guidance of M. A. Kiryak-Dikova, who studied the west of Chukotka, they managed to study prehistoric drawings on stone slabs and discover several sites of ancient people, whose age is 30,000 years. 
But not all historical monuments Chukotkas have been found to date. In the near future, it is planned to conduct an expedition to search for the famous Angarsk fortress and Orthodox Church which was built in the second half of the 19th century.
Memorable places of the region
Chukotka on the map of Russia is in a unique interesting place with a rich history.
Sights of the region:
The Chukotka peninsula is a delightful land where night reigns in winter, and in summer the day lasts for several months. The harsh Arctic climate hinders the full development of the region. On the map of Russia, the territory is located in the arctic zone, and in order to slightly diversify the snowy landscape, residents paint the outer walls of their houses with multi-colored paints.
Article formatting: Mila Fridan
Video about Chukotka
About life in Chukotka:
Satellite map of Chukotka
Switch between satellite map Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and a schematic is made in the lower left corner of the interactive map.
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - Wikipedia:
Date of formation of Chukotka autonomous region:
December 10, 1930
The population of Chukotka: 50 150 people
Telephone code of Chukotka: 427
Area of Chukotka Autonomous District: 737,700 km²
Car code of Chukotka: 87
Districts of Chukotka:
Anadyr Bilibinsky Chukchi.
Cities of Chukotka - a list of cities in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in alphabetical order:
City of Anadyr founded in 1889. City population - 15468
City of Bilibino founded in 1955. City population - 5348
Pevek city founded in 1933. City population - 4547
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug occupies a large area of Far East. The occupied territory is so vast that the borders of this subject of Russia adjoin by sea with one of the largest powers - the United States.
Sights of Chukotka These are numerous sites of ancient people. For example, ancient settlement Uelen is the easternmost region of Russia. Archaeologists have established that people lived there 2000 years ago. There is also an ancient site on Lake Koolen, which is over 6000 years old. Scientists have discovered ancient sites and burial grounds there.
Among the natural attractions of the district there are those that have no analogues anywhere else in the world. One of them is the whale alley. It is a set of jaws and skeletons of whales that were dug in and left there by the ancient Eskimos.
Sights of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug: Providence Bay, Whale Alley, Cape Navarin, Ancient Naukan, Lake Elgygytgyn, Chukotka Regional Museum of Local Lore, Holy Trinity Cathedral, Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve, Chaunsky Regional Museum of Local Lore in Pevek, Museum of the Beringian Heritage of Provideniya Village, Providensky Museum of Local Lore.
