Red Army private uniform 1941. Uniform and equipment of Red Army units. People's Commissar of Defense and. Stalin

A gas mask was necessarily worn over the right shoulder in a square bag with a wide adjustable strap. Pouches (two-section, made of leather or tarpaulin-leather, fastened with conical brass pegs, for 6 rifle clips; or of the pre-revolutionary model - leather, with a hinged lid and side fasteners) were placed on both sides of the belt buckle. In the late 30s, improved ones appeared - with rings for the hooks of the backpack straps. They resembled three-section German Mauser pouches. Behind the right pouch hung a flask in a case. Along with aluminum, glass with a rubber or wooden stopper was widely used - fragile, but cheap. Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army, winter 1940, infantryman's equipment. Next, they hung a small blade in a canvas case with a valve, which was fastened with a strap with a buckle.

Red Army uniform 1918-1945 (143 photos)

The senior command staff of the Red Army wore, in addition to overcoats, short fur coats, with a fastened lining made of sheared sheepskin, leather raglans, insulated budenovki, chrome boots with felt, felt boots or white felt cloaks, fur-lined gloves. Company, platoon, detached commander and ordinary Red Army soldier under the overcoat they wore a padded sweatshirt (called a podshlatnik). Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army, quilted jackets Wearing a quilted jacket, tied with a belt with pouches, a shovel and a flask, they fought without overcoats.

Attention

Quilted cotton pants with knee pads were used to protect against cold feet; this clothing is still used in winter. Wadded cavalry jackets mod. 1931, covered with cotton fabric or cloth, these jackets became the prototypes of simple cotton pea coats for Red Army soldiers.

The best combat clothing for winter was a tanned sheepskin sheepskin coat. Many Red Army soldiers also wore short fur coats.

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Tank helmet model 1936 photo The earphone valves extend back from the cylindrical vertical columns. The rollers were stuffed with hair (technical cotton wool was also used to fill the avisents).

Radio equipment was housed in enlarged cavities and pockets with adjustable valves. The back of the head could be bent, the top was tightened with a transverse strap.

The sides of the helmet cap, produced before the war, had ventilation holes with blocks. Since the end of 1942, a significant part of tank helmets were equipped with aviation-type radio equipment - oval metal blackened telephone cups, a laryngophone and connecting cords with connectors.
tank helmet 1936, materials were changed Dark blue moleskin overalls for a tanker with patch pockets and a detachable rear flap, the belt of which, which had a sliding buckle, was usually covered by a waist belt.

The upper edge and ends of the collar are trimmed with piping. On the collar of the uniform, at an equal distance from its upper and lower edges and 1 cm from the ends, buttonholes are sewn (without edging) from instrument cloth (color according to the branch of service) 8.2 cm long and 2.7 cm wide. On the buttonholes, respectively The established form has one or two strips sewn with gold or silver thread, intertwined with silver or gold thread: strips 5.4 cm long and 6.5 mm wide with a gap of 0.5-1 mm between them.

The sleeves of the uniform are two-seam, with straight stitched cuffs, edged along the upper edge and ends. On the cuffs of the sleeves, according to the established form, there are two or one vertical buttonholes (columns) embroidered in gold or silver.

On the tail of the back there are sewn leaves, at the ends of which one large button is sewn. Piping along the edge of the left side, collar, leaf and cuffs, color - according to the branch of service.

Documentary photo of WWII 1941-1945 (100 photos)

And how many small changes and nuances followed with the introduction of a new form, let’s take, for example, gymnasts. For tunics of the existing model, the following changes are being introduced: The collars of tunics of all samples, instead of turn-down ones, are stand-up, soft, fastened with through loops in the front with two small uniform buttons.

Info

Shoulder straps of the established type are fastened to the shoulders. Sleeve insignia for tunics are abolished. Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45 Infantryman of the Red Army in the second half of the war.

M1940 helmet is olive green, 1943 tunic has a stand-up collar, no breast pockets, on the left is the medal for the “Defense of Stalingrad” established on December 22, 1942.

Great tension with the provision of clothing was due to the decline in the output of light industry products, some of the enterprises of which had not yet established production in the evacuation, and those remaining locally experienced difficulties with raw materials, energy and labor. For those who like to argue about whose uniform or whose tanks and planes are the best, and so on, the answer is simple.
The transfer of a very large number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time.

Summer uniform of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943:

Large military reserves of food, weapons and clothing located in border military districts fell into the hands of the enemy or were surrounded. Red Army soldier, infantry 1941-43. Uniform resources for replenishment turned out to be significantly reduced, and therefore, on July 13, 1941, it was decided to temporarily replace the cap with a cap and the overcoat with a padded jacket or padded jacket for the period of conscript training in reserve units. By the end of the sixth week of the war, the vulnerability of the command personnel (primarily command staff) and generals at the front became obvious due to their too noticeable differences. Commander rifle division Red Army 40-41 years old Division commander uniform made from materials top quality and tailoring. On the cap, a circular cockade was introduced for generals in 1940. Scarlet stripes, jacket sleeve cuffs with piping, colored buttonholes.
Lap belt introduced in 1935

Oh msbro!

Machine gunner in a raincoat, 1943-45. Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45. Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45. Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45.
Scout in autumn camouflage, 1943-45. Scout in autumn camouflage, 1945. Scout in autumn camouflage, 1945. Machine gunner in winter camouflage, 1943-45.

Officer in winter uniform, 1943-45. Major in field uniform, infantry, 1943-45. Red Army soldiers in winter uniform, internal troops NKVD, 1943-1945

Guard senior sergeant, infantry, 1944. Partisan Pavel Lipatov, 1943-44. Senior lieutenant, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-45.
Lieutenant colonel in everyday uniform, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-45. Rifleman, penal units, 1943-45. Senior sergeant, Don Cossack cavalry units, 1943. Junior sergeant in winter uniform, road service, 1943-45. Red Navy man, marines, 1943-44
The uniform of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), which was a combination of military uniforms, equipment and insignia, was sharply different from all its analogues that existed in the pre-war years. It was a kind of material embodiment of the declared Soviet power in November 1917, the abolition of the class division of citizens and civilian (and then military) ranks. The Bolsheviks believed that in the free army of the new state of workers and peasants they were creating, there could be no external forms that would indicate the power and superiority of some over others. Therefore, following military ranks and ranks, the entire system of external insignia that existed in the Russian army - stripes, shoulder straps, orders and medals - was abolished.
Only job titles were preserved in the appeals.
All buttons are shaped, brass. The color of the edging for the infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery, auto-armored troops, medical and veterinary services - red, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue and for engineering troops - black. The color of the buttonholes for the infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery and auto-armored forces - black, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue, for medical and veterinary services - dark green and for engineering troops - black. The color of sewing on buttonholes for the quartermaster, military-legal, medical and veterinary services is silver, for all others - gold. Shoulder straps of the established type.

Women's military uniform 1941 1945 photo

Naval aviation pilot, 1941-45. Submachine gunner, mountain rifle units, 1942-43. On August 3, 1941, a new one was installed female uniform(for non-combatant command personnel): takes khaki, dress and coat. The dress was cut in 1937, made of cotton fabric; later a similar dress appeared in woolen fabric. For women holding command positions, the tunic, skirt and overcoat were retained. On August 11, 1941, by secret order, the issuance of new clothing to personnel of the rear units and institutions of the Red Army was stopped. By August 25, all available new uniforms should have been transferred to provide units leaving for the front. artilleryman, summer 1941 The cap has replaced the Budenovka since the late 1930s, although most officers prefer the traditional cap. The pilot was more convenient in field conditions.

Women's military uniform 1941-1945 photo

It has no analogues in history, it’s just that no one has ever transferred industry in such volumes and over such distances, and it is unlikely that they will transfer it in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear troops need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to a military footing only in 1943, and before that only 25% of the total indicators went to military needs. For the same reason, the project prepared for May 1942 on the introduction of new insignia, which envisaged providing the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942, was postponed. Naval aviation pilot 1943-45, tanker winter uniform 1942-44 And only in 1943, an order dated January 15 from People's Commissar of Defense I.

At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War The cut of the uniform and the method of wearing it were determined by Order No. 176 of December 3, 1935. There were three types of uniforms for generals: everyday, weekend and dress. There were also three types of uniforms for officers and soldiers: everyday, guard and weekend. Each type of uniform had two options: summer and winter.

Numerous minor changes were made to the uniform between 1935 and 1941. The field uniform of the 1935 model was made of fabric of various shades of khaki color. The main distinctive element of the uniform was the tunic, which in its cut resembled a Russian peasant shirt. The cut of the tunic for soldiers and officers was the same. The flap of the breast pocket on the officer's tunic had complex shape with a protrusion in the shape of the Latin letter "V". For soldiers, the valve often had a rectangular shape. The lower part of the collar of the tunic for officers had a triangular reinforcing patch, while for soldiers this patch was rectangular in shape. In addition, soldiers' tunics had diamond-shaped reinforcing stripes on the elbows and back of the forearm. The officer's tunic, unlike the soldier's, had a colored edging. After the outbreak of hostilities, color edging was abandoned.

There were two types of tunics: summer and winter. Summer uniforms were made from cotton fabric, which was more light color. Winter uniforms were made from woolen fabric, which had a richer, darker color. The officers wore a wide leather belt with a brass buckle decorated with a five-pointed star. Soldiers wore a simpler belt with a regular open buckle. In field conditions, soldiers and officers could wear two types of tunics: everyday and weekend. The weekend tunic was often called a French jacket. Some soldiers who served in elite units wore tunics of a special cut, distinguished by a colored stripe running along the collar. However, such tunics were rare.

The second main element of the uniform of both soldiers and officers were trousers, also called breeches. Soldiers' trousers had diamond-shaped reinforcing stripes on the knees. For footwear, officers wore high leather boots, while soldiers wore boots with windings or tarpaulin boots. In winter, officers and soldiers wore an overcoat made of brownish-gray cloth. Officers' overcoats were of better quality than soldiers' overcoats, but had the same cut. The Red Army used several types of hats. Most units wore budenovki, which had a winter and summer version. However, the summer Budenovka was everywhere replaced by the cap, introduced in the late 30s. In the summer, officers preferred to wear caps instead of budenovkas. In units stationed in Central Asia and Far East, instead of caps they wore wide-brimmed Panama hats.

In 1936, a new type of helmet (created on the basis of the French Adrian helmet) began to be supplied to the Red Army. In 1940, noticeable changes were made to the design of the helmet. The new helmet of the 1940 model everywhere replaced the helmet of the 1936 model, but the old helmet was still widely used in the first year of the war. Many Soviet officers they remember that the Red Army soldiers did not like to wear helmets, believing that helmets were worn only by cowards. Officers everywhere wore caps; the cap was an attribute of officer power. Tankers wore a special helmet made of leather or canvas. In summer they used a lighter version of the helmet, and in winter they wore a helmet with a fur lining.

The equipment of Soviet soldiers was strict and simple. Some units still used a brown leather backpack from the 1930 model, but such backpacks were rare in 1941. More common was the 1938 model canvas duffel bag. The base of the duffel bag was a rectangle 30x10 cm. The height of the duffel bag was 30 cm. The duffel bag had two pockets. Inside the duffel bag, the soldiers wore foot wraps, a raincoat, and in the pockets there were rifle accessories and personal hygiene items. At the bottom of the duffel bag, poles, pegs and other devices for setting up tents were tied. There were loops sewn onto the top and sides of the duffel bag, to which the roll was attached. The food bag was worn on the waist belt, under the duffel bag. The dimensions of the sack are 18x24x10 cm. In the sack the soldiers carried dry rations, a bowler hat and cutlery. The aluminum pot had a tight-fitting lid, which was pressed down by the handle of the pot. In some units, soldiers used an old round pot with a diameter of 15 cm and a depth of 10 cm. However, the food bag and duffel bag of the 1938 model were quite expensive to produce, so their production was discontinued at the end of 1941.

Each Red Army soldier had a gas mask and a gas mask bag. After the war began, many soldiers threw away gas masks and used gas mask bags as duffel bags, since not everyone had real duffel bags. According to the regulations, every soldier armed with a rifle was required to have two leather cartridge bags. The bag could store four clips for a Mosin rifle - 20 rounds. Cartridge bags were worn on the waist belt, one on each side. The regulations provided for the possibility of wearing a large fabric cartridge bag that could hold six clips - 30 rounds. In addition, the Red Army soldiers could use a cloth bandolier worn over the shoulder. The compartments of the cartridge belt could accommodate 14 rifle clips. The grenade bag held two grenades with a handle. However, very few soldiers were equipped according to regulations. Most often, Red Army soldiers had to be content with one leather cartridge bag, which was usually worn on the right side. Some soldiers received small sapper blades in a fabric case. The shoulder blade was worn on the right hip. If a Red Army soldier had a flask, he wore it on his waist belt over his sapper blade.

During bad weather, soldiers used raincoats. The raincoat-tent was made of khaki-colored tarpaulin and had a ribbon with which the raincoat-tent could be secured to the shoulders. Raincoat tents could be connected in groups of two, four or six and thus obtain awnings under which several people could hide. If a soldier had a duffel bag of the 1938 model, then a roll, consisting of a raincoat and an overcoat, was attached to the sides and on top of the bag, in the form of a horseshoe. If there was no duffel bag, then the roll was carried over the shoulder.

The officers used a small bag, which was made of either leather or canvas. There were several types of these bags, some of them were worn over the shoulder, some were hung from the waist belt. On top of the bag was a small tablet. Some officers carried large leather tablets that were hung from the waist belt under their left arm.

There were also several types of specialized uniforms. In winter, tank crews wore black overalls and black leather jackets (sometimes black leather trousers were included with the jacket). Mountain shooters wore specially cut black overalls and special mountain boots. Cavalrymen, and primarily Cossacks, wore traditional clothes instead of uniforms. The cavalry was the most variegated branch of the Red Army troops, since the cavalry served large number Cossacks and representatives of the peoples of Central Asia. Many cavalry units used standard uniforms, but even in such units items of Cossack uniform were often found. Before the war Cossack troops were not popular, since many Cossacks during Civil War did not support the Bolsheviks and went to serve in white army. However, in the 30s, regiments of Don, Kuban and Terek Cossacks were formed. The personnel of these regiments were equipped with uniforms with many details of the traditional Cossack costume. The field uniform of the Cossacks during the Great Patriotic War was a combination of uniform items from the 30s, pre-revolutionary Cossack uniforms and uniforms from the 1941/43 model.

Traditionally, Cossacks are divided into two groups: steppe and Caucasian. The uniforms of the two groups differed significantly from each other. If the steppe (Don) Cossacks gravitated towards the traditional military uniform, then the Caucasians dressed more colorfully. All Cossacks wore high hats or lower kubankas. In field conditions, Caucasian Cossacks wore dark blue or black beshmets (shirts). Ceremonial beshmets were red for the Kuban Cossacks and light blue for the Terek Cossacks. Over the beshmet, the Cossacks wore a black or dark blue Circassian coat. Gazyrs were sewn on the chest of the Circassian coat. In winter, Cossacks wore a black fur cloak. Many Cossacks wore bashlyks of different colors. The bottom of the Kubanka was covered with material: for the Terek Cossacks it was light blue, and for the Kuban Cossacks it was red. There were two stripes running crosswise on the material - gold for officers and black for privates. It should be borne in mind that many soldiers recruited from the southern regions of Russia continued to wear a kubanka instead of the earflaps required by regulations, even if they did not serve in the cavalry. One more distinctive feature The Cossacks wore dark blue riding breeches.

In the first years of the war, Soviet industry lost significant production capacity, which ended up in German-occupied territory. However, most of the equipment was still transported to the east and new industrial enterprises were organized in the Urals. This decline in production forced the Soviet command to significantly simplify the uniforms and equipment of soldiers. In the winter of 1941/42, more comfortable winter uniforms were used for the first time. When creating this uniform, the sad experience of the Finnish campaign was taken into account. The Red Army soldiers received padded jackets, cotton trousers and hats with earflaps made of synthetic fur. Officers were issued sheepskin coats or fur coats. Higher officers wore hats instead of earflaps. The troops fighting on the northern sector of the front (north of Leningrad) were equipped with special northern uniforms. Instead of sheep's sheepskin coats, some units used seal sakuis. For footwear, soldiers wore special boots made of dog fur or lined with wool. Ushankas for soldiers who fought in the north were made from real fur - dog or fox.

However, many units never received a special winter uniform and the Red Army soldiers froze in standard overcoats, insulated with items requisitioned from the civilian population. In general, the Red Army was characterized by the widespread use of civilian clothing, this was especially clearly visible in winter. So, in winter, many Red Army soldiers wore felt boots. But not everyone was able to get felt boots, so even in winter most of the Red Army personnel continued to wear tarpaulin ones. The only advantage of tarpaulin boots was that they were loose enough that they could be insulated with additional foot wraps and newspapers, turning the shoes into winter boots. Soviet soldiers They didn’t wear socks - only foot wraps. Socks were too much of a luxury to wear in loose boots. But the officers, if they managed to get a pair of socks, did not deny themselves the pleasure of putting them on. Some units were luckier - the personnel of these units received felt boots with galoshes, which was especially useful during the autumn and spring thaw. In 1942, the Red Army soldiers were dressed in rather colorful uniforms. The tankers wore black, gray, blue or khaki overalls. Synthetic leather and rubber were widely used in the manufacture of uniforms. Cartridge bags were made from tarpaulin or impregnated tarpaulin. Leather waist belts were everywhere replaced by canvas ones.

Instead of blankets, the Red Army soldiers used overcoats and raincoats. In addition, a roll of an overcoat or raincoat successfully replaced a duffel bag for soldiers - things were rolled inside. To remedy the situation, a new duffel bag was introduced, similar to the one used in tsarist army during the 1st World War. This duffel bag was a canvas bag with a neck secured by a drawstring and two shoulder straps. In 1942, uniform items from the USA and Canada began to arrive in the Soviet Union under Lend-Lease. Although most of the uniforms coming from America were made according to Soviet designs, American uniforms were also found. For example, the USA supplied 13 thousand pairs of leather boots and one million pairs of soldier’s boots to the USSR, and in Canada they sewed overalls for Soviet tank crews.

The uniform for women who served in the Red Army was determined by several documents. Before the war, the distinctive details of women's dress and dress uniforms were a dark blue skirt and beret. During the war, the order of women's uniforms was fixed by orders issued in May and August 1942. The orders maintained the wearing of a skirt and beret. In the field, these uniform items were made of khaki-colored fabric, and the exit uniform included a blue skirt and beret. These same orders largely unified the women's uniform with the men's. In practice, many female military personnel, especially those serving on the front lines, wore men's uniforms. In addition, women often altered many uniform items for themselves, using discarded uniforms.

The experience of fighting in Finland showed the need to have white camouflage overalls in the troops. This type of overalls appeared in 1941. There were several types of winter overalls, usually consisting of pants and a jacket with a hood. In addition, the Red Army units were equipped with many camouflage summer overalls. Such overalls, as a rule, were received by scouts, sappers, mountain shooters and snipers. The overalls had a baggy cut and were made of khaki-colored fabric with round black spots. It is known from photographic documents that the Red Army soldiers also used reversible camouflage overalls, which were green on the outside and white on the inside. It is not clear how widespread such overalls were. A special type of camouflage was developed for snipers. A large number of narrow strips of material imitating grass were sewn onto the khaki-colored overalls. However, such overalls are not widely used.

In 1943, the Red Army adopted a new uniform, radically different from that used until now. The system of insignia was equally radically changed. The new uniform and insignia largely repeated the uniform and insignia of the tsarist army. The new rules abolished the division of uniforms into daily, weekend and dress uniforms, since in wartime conditions there was no need for weekend and dress uniforms. Details of the ceremonial uniform were used in the uniform of units special purpose who performed guard duty, as well as in officer uniforms. In addition, the officers retained their dress uniform.

By Order No. 25 of January 15, 1943, a new type of tunic was introduced for soldiers and officers. The new tunic was very similar to the one used in the tsarist army and had a stand-up collar fastened with two buttons. The soldiers' tunic had no pockets, while the officer's tunic had two breast pockets. The cut of the trousers has not changed. But the main distinguishing feature of the new uniform was the shoulder straps. There were two types of shoulder straps: field and everyday. Field shoulder straps were made of khaki-colored fabric. On three sides, the shoulder straps had a border in the color of the branch of service. There was no piping on the officer's shoulder straps, and the branch of the military could be determined by the color of the gaps. Senior officers (from major to colonel) had two gaps on their shoulder straps, and junior officers (from junior lieutenant to captain) had one. For doctors, veterinarians and non-combatants, the gaps were red with a brownish tint. In addition, a small gold or silver badge was worn on the shoulder straps near the button, indicating the branch of the military. The color of the emblem depended on the type of troops. The shoulder straps of marshals and generals were wider than those of officers, and the shoulder straps of military doctors, lawyers, etc. - on the contrary, narrower.

Officers wore a cap with a black leather chinstrap. The color of the band on the cap depended on the type of troops. The crown of the cap was usually a khaki color, but the NKVD troops often used caps with a light blue crown, tank crews wore gray caps, and Don Cossacks wore gray-blue caps. The same order No. 25 determined the type of winter headdress for officers. Generals and colonels had to wear hats (introduced back in 1940), while other officers received regular earflaps.

The rank of sergeants and foremen was determined by the number and width of the stripes on their shoulder straps. Usually the stripes were red, only doctors and veterinarians had a brownish tint. Petty officers wore a T-shaped stripe on their shoulder straps. Senior sergeants had one wide stripe on their shoulder straps. Sergeants, junior sergeants and corporals had three, two or one narrow stripe on their shoulder straps, respectively. The edging of the shoulder straps was the color of the branch of service. According to the regulations, the emblem of the military branch was supposed to be worn on the inside of the shoulder straps, but in practice, soldiers wore such emblems very rarely.

In March 1944, a new uniform for the Marine Corps was adopted, which was more convenient for use on land. Because Soviet Navy spent most of the war in ports, many sailors took part in battles on land. The marine infantry was especially widely used in the defense of Leningrad and in the Crimea. However, throughout the war, Marines wore the standard Marine uniform, supplemented by some items of land field uniform. The last order regarding uniforms was issued in April 1945. This order introduced the dress uniform; soldiers first wore it during the Victory Parade on Red Square on June 24, 1945.

Separately, it would be worth examining the colors of the military branches in the Red Army. The types of troops and services were designated by the color of the edging and insignia. The color of the field of the buttonholes showed belonging to the branch of the military; in addition, a small badge in the buttonhole indicated membership in a certain branch of the military. Officers wore gold-embroidered or enamel badges, while soldiers used colored edging. The sergeants' buttonholes had a border in the color of the branch of service, and they were distinguished from the soldiers by a narrow red stripe running through the buttonhole. Officers wore caps with piping, while soldiers used caps. The edgings on the uniform were also the colors of the military branch. Belonging to a branch of the military was determined not by any one color, but by a combination of colors on different parts of the uniform.

Commissars occupied a special position in the army. There were commissars in every unit from the battalion and above. In 1937, the position of political instructor - junior political officer - was introduced in each unit (company, platoon). The insignia of commissars was generally similar to the insignia of officers, but had its own characteristics. Instead of chevrons on the sleeve, the commissars wore a red star. Commissars had black edging on their buttonholes, regardless of the type of troops, while political instructors had colored edging on their buttonholes.

Sources:
1. Lipatov P., “Uniforms of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht”, Tekhnika Molodezhi, 1996;
2. Shunkov V., “Red Army”, AST, 2003;
3. Shalito A., Savchenkov I., Roginsky N., Tsyplenkov K., "Uniform of the Red Army 1918-1945", 2001.

Senior lieutenant of State Security in everyday uniform, NKVD, 1936-37 Senior lieutenant of State Security in winter uniform, NKVD, 1936-37 Sergeant of State Security, NKVD, 1937-43 Major, internal troops, NKVD, 1937- 43 Junior political instructor in summer field uniform, infantry, 1939 Red Army soldier, border troops, NKVD, 1937-41 Shooter in winter camouflage, 1939-40 Shooter in winter field uniform, 1936-41 Red Army soldier in in the dress uniform of the Kuban Cossack cavalry units, 1936-41. Red Army soldier in the dress uniform of the Don Cossack cavalry units, 1936-41. Major in the dress uniform of the Tver Cossack cavalry units, 1936-41. Junior lieutenant in the dress uniform of the mountain cavalry units, 1936. -41 Marshal Soviet Union in everyday uniform, 1940-43. Major General in dress uniform, 1936-41.

Red Army uniform 1918-1945 (143 photos)

Red Army soldier, infantry 1941-43. Red Army Cavalry 1941 For the winter period, in addition, the following were provided: a sheepskin coat or a padded jacket with a padded jacket (for command personnel - a fur vest), cotton trousers, fur mittens and felt boots. And based on the adopted norms, in secret, detailed regulations were prepared on the supply of clothing to the army leading fighting. motorcyclist motor transport battalion June 30, 1941, hastily finalized in connection with the unexpected German attack on the USSR, this information was announced by a circular from the chief quartermaster for the information of the entire Red Army. However, at this moment, the first priority was not supplying the front, but rescuing front-line supplies from those areas where the troops were retreating.
The beginning of the war turned out to be extremely unfavorable for the Red Army.

Military equipment of the Red Army Equipment

Backpack arr. 1936
Backpack arr. 1939
Backpack arr. 1941
Duffel bag arr. 1930
Medical officer's bag
Commander's pack mod. 1936
Bag for blasting machine
Bag FOR disc magazines for the DP light machine gun mod. 1927
Sanitary bag
Gas mask with bag
Gas mask with bag arr. 1940

The Winter War lasted one hundred and five days, and was one of the cold winters of the 20th century; the winter near Moscow of 1941 cannot be compared with the winter in the Finnish company when frosts reached -45 degrees.

Military uniform of the Red Army (1936-1945)

Red Army soldier, ground forces, 1941-43. Junior lieutenant in marching uniform, ground forces, 1941-43. Senior Red Navy man, 1940-41. Engineer-captain 2nd rank, FMS, 1941-43. Red Army soldier, armored forces, 1941-42. Red Army soldier, ground forces, 1941-43.

Red Army soldier, cavalry, 1941-42. Commander tankman in winter uniform, 1942-44. Captain 3rd rank in the Navy, 1942-43. Naval aviation pilot, 1941-45. Builder machine gunner, mountain rifle troops, 1942-43.

Colonel General in winter uniform, 1943-45. Major General in field uniform, 1943-45. Major General, 1943 Colonel General in summer weekend uniform, 1943-45. Colonel in summer weekend uniform, infantry, 1943-45.

Lieutenant, infantry, 1943-45. Major, armored forces, 1943-45. Red Army soldier, infantry, 1943-45. Officer in cape, 1943-45.

Military uniform of the USSR, WWII uniform

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And the capture of Moscow did not mean the end of the war, nor did they go to the tropics, so somewhere the German quartermasters did not work properly, so during the winter fighting, Wehrmacht losses from frostbite exceeded the number of combat losses. Members of rear units and institutions, motor transport units of combat formations, as well as drivers of all branches of the military began to be issued a double-breasted cotton jacket instead of an overcoat. Great tension with the provision of clothing was due to the decline in the output of light industry products, some of the enterprises of which had not yet established production in the evacuation, and those remaining locally experienced difficulties with raw materials, energy and labor.

For those who like to argue about whose uniform or whose tanks and planes are the best, and so on, the answer is simple. The transfer of a very large number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time.

Only war

Scout of the Red Army, 1944-45 This camouflage suit, produced during the Great Patriotic War, first appeared in 1944, and, it seems, was not very widespread. Pattern complexity: paler background, sawtooth seaweed pattern, and interspersed with large brown spots to break up the look. The scout is armed with a PPS-43 submachine gun, the best submachine gun of the Second World War; the German MP-40 was not lying around.
The PPS-43 is lighter and cheaper than the PPSh-41, which to some extent began to replace the latter during the last two years of the war. The box magazine was much more convenient and simpler than the complex round PPSh drum. Three spare magazines in a simple flap bag with wooden buttons.
Knife model 1940, Helmet model 1940; laced Lend-Lease boots.

Attention

Commander of the Red Army Rifle Division 40-41 years old Division Commander uniform made of the highest quality materials and tailoring. On the cap, a circular cockade was introduced for generals in 1940. Scarlet stripes, jacket sleeve cuffs with piping, colored buttonholes.

Lap belt introduced in 1935

Summer uniform of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943:

The cut and pocket design could vary. Wartime overalls were made black. Automotive armored troops uniform 1935 Lieutenant marching uniform Automotive armored troops 1938-41 In winter they used insulated overalls with sheepskin, but more often they wore ordinary summer ones over a padded jacket and trousers. Black leather gloves with phages were sewn with five-fingered and three-fingered ones, winter ones - with a sheepskin lining.
Red Army tanker in a double-breasted leather jacket on the left, on the right in a double-breasted tarpaulin jacket. Double-breasted jackets with slotted pockets with valves were in great use: black leather ones for command personnel, tarpaulin jackets for Red Army soldiers and junior commanders. Leather jacket arr. 1929 Auto-armored troops of the Red Army wore equipment belts over their jackets; In combat conditions and during maneuvers, they always wore a gas mask bag.

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Changes and innovations were carried out based on the experience gained from the Winter War with Finland in 1939-40, which gave impetus to a number of changes Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1941-1943 photo. Of the entire order, the following were made public: the transition to a single color of uniforms, the introduction of new, more popular and widespread fabrics, and the gradual introduction of beautiful ceremonial uniforms in combat units. Supply standards established for peacetime and wartime were not subject to disclosure.

According to these standards, the uniform that was to be accumulated by the beginning of the mobilization deployment of the army consisted of: a khaki cap (in winter - a cap with earflaps of the 1940 model until 40 and even in winter 41.

Oh msbro!

First Lieutenant, Air Force, 1943-45. Naval aviation pilot, 1943-45. Guard lieutenant of the Navy, 1944-45. Red Navy man, Navy, 1943-45. Pilot, Air Force, 1943-45. Red Army soldier, orderly, 1943-44. Lieutenant of Justice in everyday uniform, military legal service, 1943-45. Major State Security in full dress, NKVD, 1943-45. Lieutenant in dress uniform, NKVD border troops, 1943-45. Colonel in full dress uniform, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-45. Lieutenant General in full dress uniform, 1945 Lieutenant General of Aviation in full dress uniform, 1945 Guard junior sergeant, infantry, 1945 Rear Admiral in full dress uniform, 1945 Senior lieutenant of the aviation engineering service in full dress uniform, Navy, 1945 g. Vice-sergeant in full dress uniform, Suvorov School, 1945 Marshal of the Soviet Union in everyday uniform 1943-45.
FIELD - military personnel in the Active Army and personnel units being prepared for sending to the front, EVERYDAY - by military personnel of other units and institutions of the Red Army, as well as when wearing full dress uniform.

All Red Army personnel were to switch to new insignia - shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15, 1943.
Make changes to the uniform of Red Army personnel according to the description.
Enact the “Rules for wearing uniforms by Red Army personnel.”
Allow carrying to term existing form clothing with new insignia until the next issue of uniforms, in accordance with the current deadlines and supply standards.
Unit commanders and garrison commanders must strictly monitor compliance with the uniform and correct wearing of the new insignia.

Women's military uniform 1941 1945

SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT STAFF OF THE RED ARMY: Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 005 dated February 1, 1941. The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton fabric with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, khaki-colored buttonholes with insignia are sewn. The tunic has a chest placket with a three-button fastener and two stitched chest pockets with flaps on one button. The sleeves have cuffs with two buttons. Metal tunic buttons of the established pattern. Canceled by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 25 of January 15, 1943. All Red Army personnel will switch to new insignia - shoulder straps from February 1 to February 15, 1943.

Early in the morning of June 22, 1941 German troops attacked the border of the Soviet Union on a wide front from the Baltic to the Black Sea - the Great Patriotic War began. The tank forces of the Wehrmacht and the Red Army by this time were the strongest and most numerous in the world. What did the people who took their places behind the levers of combat vehicles on both sides of the front look like?

The abundance of uniforms and equipment accepted for supply in the Red Army led to the fact that tankers, even within the same military unit or unit, could be equipped differently. The commanders of the light tanks of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht shown in the photo look like thousands of tankers looked on the first day of the war. Whenever possible, the most common variants of uniforms and equipment are indicated in the descriptions, but, of course, the material cannot claim to be exhaustive.

Wehrmacht

1. Cap.

In the summer of 1941, a black cap (Feldmütze M34) was most often seen on the heads of German tank crews. This headdress replaced the special tank beret (Schutzmütze), introduced along with the tank uniform set on November 12, 1934.

The beret was made of black woolen cloth, equipped with an internal frame of thick felt-fabric pillows and performed a protective function, protecting the head from impacts inside the tank. However, wearing a beret with headphones turned out to be difficult; it did not look very nice on the head and was inconvenient to wear. All this led to the fact that the tankers did not like the beret and tried to replace it with a general-purpose cap at any opportunity.

Finally, on January 15, 1941, berets were officially discontinued and replaced by a cloth cap for tank units. This did not apply to the crews of the Pz.Kpfw.38(t) tanks and the drivers of the armored vehicles. Occasionally, the beret continued to be worn in other units, but this was rather the exception.

The cap for tankers completely repeated the cut of a regular Wehrmacht cap, but was not made from the gray fabric accepted for army personnel. green(Feldgrau), but from black cloth, which was used for the rest of the uniform of the tank forces. On the front of the cap was sewn a round cockade in the colors of the national flag, above it was a “corner” of soutache in the color of the branch of the military (Waffenfarbe), and on top was an eagle - the national emblem. For each branch of troops in the Wehrmacht, the edging color of shoulder straps and soutache (the so-called instrument color) was used. For the tankers it was pink.

2. Safety glasses.

Often the tank commander watched the battle, leaning out of the hatch, while various glasses were used to protect his eyes. The photo shows one of the common options - such glasses were called “chanterelles” due to the shape of the glasses. In them, an aluminum frame with triplex glass and rubber seals was held on the head with an elastic band.

2. Binoculars.

In the Wehrmacht ground forces, 6x30 binoculars (sixx magnification and front lens diameter 30 mm) became widespread. Military binoculars had a reticle that made it possible to determine the distance and size of objects on the ground. Binoculars were stored and carried in cases made of various materials: leather, bakelite, etc. The case could be worn on a belt, threaded through special loops, or on a shoulder strap. They could carry binoculars without a case, putting it around their neck.

In addition to German binoculars, trophies were often used - for example, the photo shows Soviet-made binoculars, which in appearance almost completely correspond to the German ones.

3. Shirt and tie.

Under the tank jacket it was necessary to wear a regulation shirt (Heershemd) with a tie. For tankers it was gray, with a turn-down collar. The shirt, worn over the head, was long, reaching to the middle of the thigh, had slits at the bottom on the sides and was fastened with buttons at the top. The buttons did not reach the bottom of the shirt. The sleeves are long, with cuffs, fastened with buttons. There were no pockets on the chest of the shirt. The tie was black; civilian versions were allowed.

In the hot summer of 1941, in a combat situation, German tank crews often took off their rather warm tank jackets and remained in just their shirts. Because of this, it was difficult to determine the rank of tankers - officers were distinguished only by the corresponding version of the cap. In rare cases, to eliminate confusion, officers sewed shoulder straps onto their shirts themselves.

4. Tank jacket.

A special black tank uniform (Sonderbekleidung der Deutschen Panzertruppen) was introduced in German army November 12, 1934 for wearing by tank troops. It was used with minor changes until 1945. There is a legend that the then chief of staff of the motorized troops, Colonel Heinz Guderian, was involved in the development of the tank uniform, that it was he who chose the color and came up with the design with a fitted short jacket based on the popular ski suit of that time. The black color was chosen because it makes dirt, soot, oil and gasoline drips, which are inevitably present in every tank or armored vehicle, less visible.

The tank jacket (Fieldjacke) was made of black woolen cloth. There were hooks on the sides of the jacket to support the waist belt. There were no protruding buttons or pockets that could get caught on something in the cramped tank, and the double wrap on the chest provided good protection from wind or drafts. In general, the jacket was similar to modern leather biker jackets, the famous “leather jackets”. The top two buttons of the jacket were not fastened when worn, and the lapels were turned down. In case of bad weather, the jacket could be fastened with all the buttons, and the collar could be pulled up and covered the neck.

Shoulder straps were attached to the shoulders of the jacket through a belt loop and a button; since 1936, an eagle, the national emblem, has been sewn on the right side of the chest. Nazi Germany, corner non-commissioned officer winkel patches were placed on the left sleeve. The edge of the wide collar had piping in the color of the military branch (Waffenfarbe), and the buttonholes of tank troops with skulls were attached to the collar.

The black cloth buttonholes of German tank crews had the shape of an oblique parallelogram. Along the perimeter they were finished in instrument color; in the center was the emblem of the tank forces - a skull and crossbones. Due to the similarity of the tank emblem with the skull from the cap of the SS troops, Panzerwaffe tankers were often mistaken for SS men, with all the ensuing consequences for them. Until now, the black uniform and skull and crossbones easily mislead the inexperienced reader.

Iron Cross Ribbon.

On September 1, 1939, with the outbreak of war, the Order of the Iron Cross was restored at the direction of Hitler. In general, the general appearance of the award repeated the design of its predecessor, but had some differences: a swastika in the center of the cross and the year of the establishment of the award in the Third Reich on the lower ray.
The lowest level of award was the Iron Cross II class. Those awarded them wore a ribbon in the colors of the flag of Nazi Germany, threaded into the second buttonhole of a field uniform or tank jacket. Sometimes tankers took liberties in wearing the ribbon: in many photos it was threaded through the first buttonhole.

Badge "For a tank attack."

This badge for Panzerwaffe tank crews, established on December 20, 1939, has several names in Russian: “For a tank battle”, “For a tank attack”, “Breast assault tank badge”. In German it is called more simply, but also not quite briefly - Panzerkampfwagenabzeichen (lit. “tank badge”). To be awarded this badge, it was necessary to participate in three or more separate tank attacks, or to be wounded during a combat operation, or to show special bravery during a combat operation, or to receive another award for bravery on the battlefield.
By June 22, 1941, there were two varieties of this sign: silver and bronze. The introduction of the bronze badge was required to award military personnel of tank forces not related to tank crews: infantrymen tank divisions, medics, assault gun crew members, etc.

5. Waist belt.

The waist belt with a buckle (Leibriemen mit Koppelschloss) in the Panzerwaffe used the standard one adopted for the rest of the Wehrmacht. By June 1941, two main types of soldier's buckles were common in the ground forces, differing visually: with the Wehrmacht eagle and swastika and with the Reichswehr eagle.

The belt of privates and non-commissioned officers was made of a thick wide strip of leather, to which a hook and a strap with holes for the teeth of the buckle were sewn to adjust the fullness of the belt. The buckle was put on the belt, and its teeth went into the holes of the strap, after which the belt was fastened using a hook.

For tankers, the belt was not the basis for placing all the equipment, like the infantry, and had a more decorative function - the cut of the uniform made it possible to do without a belt, as can be seen from many historical photographs. The belt was necessary in formations, as well as for carrying personal weapons in a holster. In this case, the holster was placed on the left side or front left side of the stomach.

6. Personal weapons.

The majority of German tank crews were armed with one of two types of pistols chambered for 9x19 mm - the Luger P08, also known as the famous Parabellum, or the Walter P38 (pictured).

The Luger was developed at the beginning of the twentieth century, but has proven itself to be a powerful, reliable and accurate weapon. Due to its characteristics and recognizable appearance he was a coveted trophy among the soldiers of the armies of the anti-Hitler coalition. The Walter was a relatively new design, developed in 1938, and by the beginning of the war with the USSR, a large number of these pistols were in service with Panzerwaffe tank crews.

The pistol was carried in a holster hanging on the waist belt either on the left side or pushed forward onto the left side of the abdomen. In the photo, the German tankman is armed with a Walther P38 pistol, for which two types of holsters were used: one massive, made of molded leather, often called a “suitcase” among collectors, the second simplified - it is shown in the illustration.

7. Tank pants.

On November 12, 1934, trousers (Tuchhose) were introduced along with the beret and jacket of tank crews. Just like the beret and jacket, they were made of black woolen cloth.

The cut of the pants was reminiscent of the ski pants of the time, hugging the waist tightly without restricting the movement of the legs, with wide, straight legs that gathered around the ankles. The trousers had two slanted pockets with figured flaps in the front and two pockets with flaps in the back. All valves were closed with buttons. There was also a small pocket on the front for a watch. The trousers were fastened with buttons and tightened at the waist in front using a strap sewn to the belt.

Trousers were sewn unchanged until 1945. Identical in cut, they were worn by all tank crews regardless of rank, from private to general, because there were no piping or stripes provided.

8. Boots.

There were two main types of footwear for Panzerwaffe tank crews in the summer of 1941. The first is lace-up boots (Schnürschuhe). Tank trousers gathered around their tops and were fastened with a button, covering the top of the boots and forming a distinctive silhouette.

Typically, tankers used standard boots supplied to the Wehrmacht. However, service in tank forces did not involve long marches on foot, so iron spikes and horseshoes on toes and heels, traditional for infantry, were used extremely rarely. In addition, iron-lined shoes or boots slipped on the armor of tanks and armored cars, which posed an additional danger to the owner of the shoes.

In addition to boots, tank crews wore ordinary marching boots (Stiefel) with wide short tops, sometimes specially shortening them. The soles and heels of the boots, like those of the boots, were tried not to be tampered with. If a tanker wore boots, the trouser legs were tucked into the bootleg and worn slouchily. Boots were more comfortable than boots: they did not require lacing and could be quickly put on or taken off. Historical photographs show that the wearing of boots was widespread in the Wehrmacht tank forces.

Red Army

9. Headset.

The Red Army tank helmet, developed in the mid-30s of the twentieth century, due to its design, created the silhouette of a Soviet tankman that is easily recognizable to this day. It turned out to be so successful that a similar design is still used in the Russian army, both by crews of tanks and other armored vehicles, and, with some simplifications, in the Airborne Forces as a jump helmet.

By 1934, the tank forces of the USSR were growing and actively developing, the number of tanks was already in the hundreds. There is a need to develop tank protective clothing, one of the elements of which is a headset. Headsets were made from durable and dense black material, which in documents is sometimes called “tarpaulin” (photo above), but in this case it is important not to confuse it with the material of soldier’s boots, with which the fabric has nothing in common. Another, rarer material was thin black leather (pictured).

The helmet had a lining made of flannel, onto which were sewn rollers stuffed with horsehair, felt, cut cloth or technical wool. Opposite the ears, pockets were made with flaps into which headphones could be inserted, and due to the straps on top and on the back of the head, it was possible to adjust the size of the headset to the tank driver’s head. The headset was fastened with a chin strap. Summer and winter versions of the headset were produced - the latter had a fur lining inside.

Safety glasses.

To protect the eyes of tankers from dust, branches and small stones while driving, special safety glasses were used. Their designs were very different, but the photo shows the most common type, which can still be found almost unchanged today.

Points were awarded to all, without exception, crew members of tanks, transport vehicles, car drivers and their assistants, tractor drivers, mechanics, combat crews of auto parts, military personnel and auxiliary units of mechanized formations.

Structurally, the glasses were ordinary glasses in a frame, mounted on a leather or leatherette headband, which was kept from falling off by an elastic band with an adjustable buckle. Thanks to the design, the glasses folded compactly and did not take up much space when stored.

10. Tunic.

Until February 1, 1941, tank crew uniforms, including tunics, differed from other branches of the military in color: it was “steel.” However, then this difference was eliminated, and in the spring of 1941 the tank crews received a summer tunic and trousers of the same green color. By June 22, 1941, privates and junior command staff of the tank forces were dressed in soldier's tunics of the 1935 model, onto which tank buttonholes were sewn.

The tunic of the 1935 model was introduced into the Red Army to replace the tunic of the 1931 model. Two pockets were sewn on the chest, closed with flaps and buttons. It was also fastened with buttons hidden under the placket. Elbow pads made of an additional layer of fabric were sewn onto the elbows. The sleeves have cuffs fastened with two buttons. The gymnasts were made from cotton melange fabric.

The tunic had a turn-down collar, onto which colored buttonholes with a field and piping were sewn according to the branch of service, in this case, black and red. The emblem of the military branch was attached to the corner of the buttonhole - a golden stylized silhouette of a BT tank. The tank emblem was introduced on March 10, 1936. Tank buttonholes were made of black velvet for senior and middle command personnel; among ordinary and junior command personnel there were cloth versions.

11. Card palette.

To carry and conveniently use topographic maps, the Red Army used a special double-leaf pallet bag. It is this piece of equipment that is often called a tablet, often confused with a field bag. The palette was included with the field bag and was worn inside or instead of it.

The palette was made of leather and closed with a flap on top. To prevent the valve from opening accidentally, two buttons were provided, and to prevent the entire bag from opening, a small strap with the same button was made in the lower right corner. Inside the palette there was one large compartment into which the folded topographic map. For ease of use, the inner partition of the palette was made of transparent celluloid, which protected the card from rain and scratches.

When carried, the palette either clung to the couplings of a single 1932 camping outfit, or was slung over the shoulder on a thin leather strap. After the Great Patriotic War, this piece of equipment was abandoned, making a compartment for maps inside the field bag.

12. Equipment of the 1932 and 1935 model.

July 1, 1932 for middle, senior and higher commanding staff ground forces The Red Army introduced uniform field equipment, often named after the year it was accepted for supply. The belt from this equipment is very similar to the one that was used later in the Soviet and Russian armies. The main difference is in the material of the buckle: it was not brass.

Equipment was made from leather of different shades, from dark brown to brown-red or almost yellow. The set of equipment included a waist belt with a two-pronged buckle, onto which two couplings with half rings were put on at the top and bottom. The ends of the shoulder straps were fastened to the upper half rings, and the field bag and saber straps (by those who were entitled to it) were attached to the lower half rings. In addition, the equipment included a revolver holster, a field bag and a map palette.

In the marching guard version, it was necessary to carry a whistle in a case with a cord on one of the shoulder straps, a flask in a case on the belt and binoculars in a case around the neck, and a gas mask was put on top in a bag. Depending on the uniform and type of troops, the uniform marching equipment was worn with one or two shoulder straps. The pilots wore only one shoulder strap.

On December 3, 1935, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army. The waist belt has undergone significant changes, the buckle of which began to be made of brass with a slotted five-pointed star. It began to be fastened with one pin, and double shoulder straps were abandoned.

By 1941, the troops used both types of equipment for middle, senior and senior command personnel; tank crews were not regulated to wear one or two shoulder belts. In addition, judging by photographs and films, the uniform field equipment of 1932 or 1935 could have been worn by foremen and assistant political instructors.

13. Personal weapons.

The main personal weapon of the tank commander and driver was the 1895 Nagant revolver, with some minor changes made to the design in the USSR in the 1920s and 1930s.

One of important reasons According to which the revolver was the main personal weapon of tank crews, there was a presence in the tank turrets of special loopholes that could be locked from the inside, through which the crew, if necessary, could fire back at the enemy. The main Soviet TT pistol was poorly suited for these purposes: its barrel could not be placed in the loophole. Nevertheless, when there was a shortage of revolvers, tankers were given TTs.

He wore a revolver in a holster on his right side. The holster (top photo) was from a 1932 field kit, in which case the shoulder straps hooked onto the half-rings on it. In another wearing option, the holster was simply worn on a 1932 or 1935 model waist belt.

Privates and junior officers could wear a holster on a simple soldier's belt, but more often a holster version with a special shoulder strap was used. In this case, the waist belt pressed the holster strap to the body, preventing it from swinging when moving. In 1940, a universal holster for the TT pistol and Nagant revolver appeared (bottom photo). It was worn similarly to the early holster.

14. Field bag.

Used by command staff first in the army Russian Empire, and later in the Red Army. In the 1920s, it underwent some design changes, and in 1932 it became part of the uniform field equipment of the Red Army command staff.

The bag was intended for storing and carrying documents, a compass, a curvimeter, a ruler, writing instruments and tools. Often personal items were placed in it. The field bag was worn on a waist belt or on a special shoulder strap. It was closed with a flap, which was secured with a strap through a buckle. The field bag was initially made from leather, but in 1941 some bags began to be made from dark green tarpaulin. After the Great Patriotic War, a significant change was made to the design of the field bag - they made a compartment for maps, covered with transparent celluloid to protect it from moisture when used in the rain.

Compass.

The oldest military compass was designed in 1907 by V. N. Adrianov. It had a simple design and phosphorescent illumination of the needle and dial for operation at night.

The compass body was made of bakelite, onto which a rotating ring made of brass (later aluminum) was placed. Inside the compass body there was a circular dial scale, divided into 120 divisions. To sight local landmarks and take readings on the compass scale, a sighting device is made on the outside of the rotating compass ring: a front sight, a rear sight and a reading indicator in the form of an arrow on the inside of the ring. The compass could be worn on the hand and carried in a field bag when traveling. It was part of the uniform marching equipment of 1932. Used when working with a map and navigating the area.

15. Jumpsuit.

As a type of special clothing for tank crews, overalls appeared in the 20s of the twentieth century. In the Red Army, overalls for tank crews were accepted for supply in the next decade. Early examples of this clothing were made from durable, dark blue dyed cotton fabric and fastened with buttons. Later, a folding flap appeared at the back and a zipper was introduced. The main purpose of the overalls is to protect uniforms from dirt when driving in a tank and carrying out technical work.

The overalls were a combination of a jacket and trousers, making up one whole. There was a flap at the back of the waist. The collar of the overalls is turn-down, with a hook closure. The sleeves are three-seam, with elbow pads and drawstrings for tightening the bottom of the sleeve, without cuffs. Two adjustment buttons for the straps were sewn along the bottom of the sleeve. The legs at the bottom had straps for tightening, also fastened with adjustable buttons. Diamond-shaped knee pads were sewn onto the front of the trouser legs, and lei reinforcements were sewn onto the back.

The belt was sewn to the detachable flap at the back and tightened with a metal buckle at the front. On the sides of the overalls, two hooks were sewn into the waist, onto which metal valve loops were placed, holding it in the fastened position. The overalls had one pocket with a flap on the left side of the chest and one pocket on the right thigh, covered with a half-flap; The pocket flaps were fastened with a button.

Along with a zipper, overalls were also made with button closures covered with a placket. The color of the fabric of the overalls was not necessarily dark blue - it could be gray; there are references to khaki overalls. Black overalls appeared in the army only after the start of the Great Patriotic War. Buttonholes similar to tunic buttonholes could be sewn onto the turn-down collar of the overalls. In historical photographs you can see overalls both with and without buttonholes.

16. Boots.

Initially, leather yuft boots were the only footwear for the Russian soldier: boots with tapes were introduced only at the beginning of 1915, when the army sharply increased in numbers and boots became scarce. The Red Army supplied boots to all branches of the military.

In the mid-30s of the USSR, a material was invented that is now commonly called “tarpaulin”. Artificial sodium butadiene rubber was applied to the fabric base to imitate the texture of leather. This material was used for the manufacture of individual parts of equipment and sewing soldiers' boots. Tank units of the Red Army received leather boots made from yuft or cowhide. Tankers were not allowed boots with tapes or tarpaulin boots.

- OVERCOAT: Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 733 dated December 18, 1926. Single-breasted overcoat made of gray overcoat cloth. Turn-down collar. Concealed clasp with five hooks. Welt pockets without flaps. Sleeves with stitched straight cuffs. At the back, the fold ends in a vent. The strap is fastened to the posts with two buttons.

The overcoat for command and command personnel was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 005 dated February 1, 1941. The overcoat is double-breasted, with cut-off lengths on the chest. The overcoat is fastened with five button loops. The floors have side grooves and two transverse welt pockets covered with flaps. Turn-down collar, with buttonholes sewn on the ends. The collar is fastened with a hook and loop. The back in the middle has a counter fold along its entire length. Along the waistline on the back, posts with buttons are sewn onto which a strap is fastened. In the middle of the back below the waist there is a slit (slit) fastened with four loops of buttons. The sleeves are two-seam and end with straight cuffs.

№1 -A soldier in a private overcoat; №2 -Sergeants in greatcoats, 1945; №3 -Illustration - single breasted soldier's overcoat Red Army; №4 -Soviet officers in greatcoats. In the center is an officer in a private overcoat. Neighborhood of Zubtsov, 1942; №5 -Soviet officers in greatcoats 1943; №6 -Illustration - double-breasted officer's overcoat of the Red Army.

— WADDER JACKET AND PANTS: The first example of this new type of winter uniform was. The jacket is made from diagonal jersey melange waterproof impregnation in khaki color. On each side of the jacket there are five through loops and five large shaped buttons. The turn-down collar fastens with a single metal hook and loop. On the side of the lower collar there is a strap (spinner). The jacket has two side slanting, welt pockets with straight flaps. There is a stitched yoke on the floors and back. The back is solid. On the back, at the corners of the yoke to the bottom, two strips of base material are sewn along the strike line. Holes are left on the straps at waist level for threading a waist belt. One metal hook is sewn on the side seams to support the waist belt. The jacket has two-seam sleeves without cuffs, with a half-stap sewn into the front seam of the sleeve, and fastened with one loop and a large shaped button. The collar, sides, flaps, top of pockets, sleeve half-taps, strap stitching and yoke were stitched at a distance of 0.5 cm from the edge. The bottom of the jacket is folded 2.5 cm.

The next sample was a quilted cotton jacket, introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 283 dated August 25, 1941. The jacket with a stand-up collar replaced the old padded jacket worn under an overcoat. Now either a jacket or an overcoat was issued. The jacket has a straight waist, quilted with cotton wool in parallel lines, and is fastened with five buttons. On the sides of the floor there are stitched pockets sewn into the side seams. There are two side loops at the waist to support the belt. The sleeves end at the bottom with a small vent and cuffs, fastened with one button with a belt loop sewn to the end of the outer half of the cuff.

Wadded trousers are also quilted with parallel stitches. Fastened with 4 buttons. There are belt loops on the waistband. At the bottom of the legs there are compression straps.

№1 -Wadded jackets arr. 1935 on tank crews of the 116th Tank Brigade. 1942; №2- Wadded jacket arr. 1942 (photo missing); №3 -Illustration - cotton jackets arr. 1935 and 1942; №4 -Scouts in padded jackets; №5 -A young mortarman in a padded jacket with a turn-down collar; №6 — Illustration — cotton quilted jackets (padded jackets).

— SINGLE FUR COAT: Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 20 of December 23, 1931. The short fur coat is made of tanned sheepskin and fastens with hooks*. The short fur coat has a long skirt, two vertical welt pockets with leaves and steep reliefs on the back. The turn-down collar of a short fur coat is made of white sheepskin with the fur facing out and is fastened with one hook and a tab sewn from the inside of the collar.

* Since 1940, the short fur coat has been fastened with external tab loops made of base leather with cut fur and large light or shaped buttons.

— WINTER MITTENS: Three-fingered, textile.

№1 -Soviet officers in sheepskin coats inspect German winter footwear for guards; №2 -Colonel A.I. Lizyukov talks with tank crews in short fur coats. 1941; №3 -Illustration - short fur coats of the Red Army; №4 -A single sheepskin coat on the anti-aircraft crew commander. Stalingrad area; №5 - Major in a sheepskin coat. 1941; №6 -Officers of the 4th Airborne Corps in short fur coats, during the Vyazma airborne operation, winter 1942.

Literature/documents:

Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army (article number, composition, color, application). ()
Rules for wearing uniforms by personnel of the Red Army dated January 15, 1943. (download/open)
A typical list of clothing belongings of junior commanders and rank and file of the Red Army for summer and winter in peacetime and war. Introduced by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 005 of February 1, 1941. ()