Preface. Improving professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido Thus, physical exercises are an important means of increasing the efficiency of production

1. Professional applied physical training is organically connected with the subsequent practical work activity of the graduate specialist. As a unique type of physical education, professionally applied physical training is a pedagogically oriented process of specialized physical preparation of a student for a chosen specialty, that is, a learning process that enriches a person with motor skills, skills, and physical abilities, on which professional capacity directly or indirectly depends.

2. The need for physical training. The results of an ecologist’s activity depend not only on his mental abilities, but also on his special skills. physical fitness acquired at university through systematic physical exercise.

These exercises must be adequate to the requirements of the profession (in my case, the profession of an ecologist) for the physical capabilities of the human body (endurance to mental and physical overload, movement over rough terrain, living in unfavorable and sometimes extreme conditions). natural conditions).

Physical exercises should develop a person in many ways, help him adapt to the difficult work of a natural scientist, and reduce the time required to master a profession.

Although in modern world the share of muscular labor decreases, the productivity of many types of professional labor is determined by the physical capacity of the worker.

The work of an ecologist is an activity of a mixed (intellectual-motor) nature. The possibility of negative influences of the profession on a specialist cannot be excluded (impact harmful substances at work, emotional and physical overload, especially when collecting material on expeditions).

In general, normal physical condition, physical and mental health is the most important prerequisite for sustainable work efficiency. Scientific and technological progress does not relieve a person from the need to improve his physical abilities.

3. Requirements for physical training of an ecologist. The profession of an ecologist is interdisciplinary, it combines dozens of professions (engineer, teacher, economist-auditor, lawyer, gamekeeper, biologist-naturalist, surveyor, programmer). Most likely, in my future activities I will need to combine the profession of a landscape scientist (involves a long stay in the unfavorable conditions of the northern taiga, walking and carrying heavy loads over rough terrain) and an employee of a scientific laboratory (computer programmer, as well as working with harmful chemicals).

My profession partly consists of sensory-intellectual activity (perception, information processing, decision making) and work in extreme natural conditions. The operating power for most work operations is usually< 30% от индивидуально максимальной мощности, но тем не менее целесообразно вести специализированную физическую подготовку во время профессионального экологического образования.

Usually, a professiogram of the content of work is drawn up from the psychological, physiological, biomechanical and ergonomic side, taking into account the subject, technology and working conditions (features of the prevailing work operations, their simplicity or complexity, features of the work regime, continuity or intermittency of work operations, the order of alternation of work phases and intervals between them, factors of monotony and fatigue, features of the working environment - especially if they are uncomfortable: sudden changes in temperature, noise, air pollution).

4. Requirements made by the ecologist profession to a person’s physical abilities

Kinds labor activity	Professionally important physical qualities
Expeditionary work carried out in natural conditions	Complex endurance, the ability to navigate difficult terrain and other unusual conditions, rationally distribute energy costs, motor skills needed in everyday expedition life (walking, skiing, biking, boating, horse riding, overcoming obstacles, carrying small weights over long distances) , hardening of the body to sudden changes in meteorological conditions (high and low temperatures, high air humidity), mental stability (largely depends on physical)
Forestry work (gardening)	Complex endurance in dynamic and static modes of prolonged work of different muscle groups, the ability to navigate the terrain and rationally distribute energy costs over time, motor skills in the use of tools, hardening of the body to adverse meteorological influences
Conveyor labor (sample analysis)	Ability to perform hand movements in a timely and accurate manner, stability of sensory control, general endurance
Operator work on remote controls	The ability to differentiate a large amount of sensory information, the ability to make an emergency motor reaction, sensory endurance, muscular-static endurance (with prolonged fixation of a working posture), emotional stability

The scientific and technological revolution will most likely have little impact on the nature of the ecologist's activities in the future. Although the contrasts between mental and physical labor are being erased, a robot will not be able to completely replace a person on an expedition or in a production laboratory. Applied physical training in the future will help a person adapt to more than just one profession, but will create the prerequisites for mastering rapidly changing methods professional activity, increase the general adaptive capabilities of the body, diversify its motor abilities (especially coordination ones), and form a rich fund of motor skills.

The work efficiency of an ecologist depends increasingly on the fine-tuning of motor skills in manual operations and on specific psychophysical resistance to information loads, with increased responsibility for the results of activities (operators behind monitors).

4. Methods of professionally applied physical training. The main means of preparation are various basic physical exercises, as well as exercises transformed or specially designed for specific professional activities (special preparatory exercises).

It is a mistake to believe that adequate physical development can only be achieved through exercises similar in form to professional-labor motor actions. An attempt to bring physical culture closer to labor practice by simply simulating individual labor actions means distorting its essence. This approach is especially unsuitable today, when work activity is characterized by micromovements that in themselves are not sufficient for the optimal development of motor abilities. Even the mode of their implementation leads to industrial physical inactivity, which is dangerous for the normal physical condition of the body.

However, physical training still models the characteristics of work activity: but modeling is not limited to simulating work operations, but presupposes the primary implementation of exercises that make it possible to specifically mobilize precisely the professionally important functional properties of the body. Sometimes it is advisable to reproduce moments of coordination of movements that are part of professional activity, if such exercises develop or maintain the fitness of the body.

5. Generally applied and specific exercises are an essential part of professionally applied physical training. They develop motor skills used in both normal and extreme conditions professional activity. Such exercises are especially important for professions related to movement (walking, moving over rough terrain), in the case where the effectiveness of professional activity directly depends on the variety and fine-tuning of motor skills (collection of expedition materials) and when complex motor skills are required in extreme situations (skills swimming, diving and rescuing drowning people, martial arts skills). The composition of PPPP products in such cases is most specific.

Less specific means of PPPP are used to develop physical qualities that affect the effectiveness of professional activities (development of endurance, adaptation to different types muscle activity and environmental factors).

To develop motor-coordinating abilities, exercises of various forms are used; to develop general endurance - outdoor running and other cyclic exercises; to increase the level of performance at high external temperatures - exercises during which the body temperature rises; to counteract functional changes in internal environment body - repeated repeated running at high physiological power. PPPP in such cases practically merges with general physical training, slightly specialized in a professional profile, or sports training in a chosen sport.

6. Professional applied gymnastics is characterized by modeling forms and important moments of coordination of movements included in professional activities, but with a more directed impact and with higher demands on the results of movements.

With such gymnastics, the necessary forms of movements are consistently constructed, having a directed effect on certain parts of the musculoskeletal system, its morphofunctional qualities (strength, mobility in joints, local and regional static endurance), based on 1) the requirements imposed by professional activity 2) from necessity prevention of impacts on the physical and general condition of the employee that arise during professional activity (gymnastic exercises that prevent and correct posture disorders caused by the peculiarities of the working posture).

7. Professionally applied sports provide holistic, focused development of motor abilities that are important for improvement in professional activities. Accordingly, oriented sports improvement can have a direct positive impact on professional activity, provided, of course, that the subject of sports specialization has significant similarities with professional activity, both in the operational composition of the actions and in the nature of the abilities demonstrated. This is what determines when representatives of a particular profession choose professional applied sports.

In full, the totality of adequate means of PPPP is not limited, of course, only to physical exercises. In combination with them, to implement the tasks pursued in it, natural environmental hardening factors are used, and when necessary, special hygienic and other means of increasing the level of adaptive capabilities of the body and resistance to the adverse effects of specific conditions of professional activity, including, in particular, training in heat chambers and pressure chambers , artificial ultraviolet irradiation and air ionization, specialized nutrition. It goes without saying that in the process of PPPP the means of intellectual education corresponding to its characteristics should be used, moral education and specialized mental training, without which comprehensive professional training is unthinkable.

To develop general endurance, the simplest and most accessible is jogging. When starting running training, you should remember and follow the following rules:

Before training, carefully check the condition of your shoes;

Thick socks made of a wool-cotton mixture should be worn on your feet;

You should run at least 3 times a week and for at least 20 minutes;

You should not increase your running speed even when you see other runners;

You should constantly strengthen the muscles of the arch of your feet to avoid the development of flat feet;

The greatest training effect is achieved when the running speed approaches 1 hour;

You should monitor your pulse rate (HR) - it should not be more than 180 beats per minute. minus your age.

To develop special endurance, “shadow boxing” and exercises on apparatus are most often used: performing 5 - 6 series of 20 - 30 seconds. intensive work alternating with low-intensity work for 1 - 3 minutes. With increasing training, the duration of recovery work can be reduced towards the end of the series. After such a series, a rest of up to 10 minutes is required, during which breathing exercises and relaxation and flexibility exercises are performed.

You can use jumping exercises (for example, jumping rope): 10 - 15 sec. repeat intensive work 5 - 6 times every 1.5 - 2 minutes. low intensity work.

Rules for a beginner runner. You should start your classes with a warm-up, which can be done at home or outside. Warm-up takes 5 - 6 minutes. and consists of the following exercises: circular movements arms, torso, pelvis, bending forward and to the sides, swinging legs, squats, raising toes. Then 2 - 3 min. fast walking and you can start running.

At first, you should choose a running speed that allows you to breathe calmly through your nose. I had to open my mouth - take a step. We regained our breath and ran again.

In the first lesson, 10 minutes of running is enough. If you can’t immediately run for 10 minutes, but have to alternate running with walking, then the first limit will be exactly 10 minutes. continuous running. Then follows, adding 1 - 3 minutes every week. (depending on how you feel), increase the running time to 50 - 60 minutes.

After several months of training, you can start running faster, focusing not on your breathing, but on your heart rate. Its upper limit is determined by the formula: 180 minus age. That is, if you are 30 years old, then your heart rate when running can be increased to 150 beats per minute, but not higher, but it is better to keep it 5 - 10 units lower.

After finishing your run, you should definitely walk for 2-3 minutes. walk quickly and it is advisable to do several gymnastic exercises.

After training, you should first take a warm and then a contrast shower.

Running brings the greatest health benefits when its duration is increased to an hour, and the regularity of exercise is up to 5-6 times a week, and on one of the days off the load doubles. The minimum rate of training is 3 times a week for 30 minutes.

You can run at any time when it is more convenient for you. You just need to remember that there should be a break of at least 30 minutes between running training and eating.

You should not turn recreational running into sports running, sharply increasing the speed and distance, including acceleration, etc. in running. You should not prove anything to others - do not start running faster when meeting other runners, passers-by, especially attractive representatives of the opposite sex.

You can and should train all year round. If the air temperature is below minus 15 degrees, then the distance can be reduced somewhat, and if it is below minus 20 degrees, then it is better to cancel the workout. Although this is not necessary.

(There is such a direction as Russian training-running. It is better to start classes at a temperature not lower than minus 2 - minus 3 degrees. Clothing - shorts, woolen dressings, sneakers and woolen socks, mittens or gloves, a woolen cap, for women - a T-shirt with sewn on chest with a strip of wool or just thick fabric. Before running at home, you need to do a warm-up and vigorous self-massage, then several deep squats. Drink half a glass of hot milk with a teaspoon of honey mixed in it. At first, you should not run for more than 10 - 15 minutes. end at the doorstep of the house.)

For running, you should carefully select your shoes - sneakers with thick grooved soles, preferably with shock-absorbing inserts, are best. Woolen socks. The costume can be anything that does not restrict movement and allows the body to breathe. In windy weather, rain or sleet, you can wear a waterproof jacket or windbreaker. On the head - a ski cap or a woolen ribbon covering the forehead and ears. For beginners, at temperatures below minus 5 degrees, you should wear woolen underwear.

It is better to run in the forest or park. In any case, you should choose places with the cleanest air and natural soil possible. Remember - if you run in sneakers or sneakers with thin soles, then you should not run on asphalt! For beginners, it is better to choose a flat route, but gradually move on to running over rough terrain.

Take care of your health and avoid overtraining. The most objective indicators for self-control are your well-being and heart rate. You need to know your normal heart rate in the morning and evening hours. In addition, there is a simple test: pulse rate after 10 minutes. after finishing the workout (it should not be higher than 100 beats per minute). If the morning and evening heart rates are higher than usual, if after 10 minutes. resting heart rate exceeds 100 beats/min, you should consult a doctor and undergo a preventive examination.

Speed ​​is understood as a person’s specific motor ability for high speed movements, performed in the absence of significant external resistance, complex coordination of muscle work and not requiring large energy expenditures.

There are several forms of manifestation of speed:

Speed ​​of simple and complex motor reactions;

Speed ​​of single movement;

Speed ​​of complex movement;

Movement frequency.

The identified forms of manifestation of speed are relatively independent of each other and are weakly related to the level of general physical fitness.

To develop the speed of a simple reaction, repeat, as quickly as possible, execution of trained movements or exercises on a signal is used. The duration of such exercises should not exceed 4 - 5 seconds.

However, in martial arts we are faced with complex reactions, for the implementation of which it is necessary: ​​to adequately assess the situation; make a motor decision; perform it optimally. It must be remembered that the more alternatives available for making a decision, the more difficult it is to make it and longer time response.

A person’s speed abilities are very specific, and direct transfer of speed in coordinately dissimilar movements is usually not observed. This suggests that if you want to increase the speed of performing some specific actions, you should train primarily in the speed of performing these particular actions.

To develop speed abilities, exercises are used that must meet three main criteria:

1) the ability to perform at maximum speed;

2) mastery of the exercise should be so good that attention can be concentrated only on the speed of its execution;

3) during training there should not be a decrease in the speed of exercise.

Exercises to develop speed:

1. Run from the start from various positions (sitting, lying down, lying face down, lying down, etc.) at a signal. Dosage: 5 - 6 times for 10 - 15 m with an interval of 1 - 1.5 minutes, perform 3 - 4 series after 2 - 3 minutes. recreation.

2. Running at maximum speed for 30 - 60 m. Dosage: 3 - 5 times in 1 - 3 series. Rest until breathing is completely restored.

3. Running with maximum speed on the move: 10 - 30 m with a 30-meter run-up. Perform as the previous exercise.

4. Fast running downhill (up to 15 degrees) with the goal of achieving maximum speed and frequency of movements at a distance of 10 - 30 m with a 30-meter run-up. 3 - 5 times in 1 - 2 episodes.

5. Fast running in the forest with slopes and avoidance of oncoming branches. Dosage: fast running for up to 10 seconds followed by walking for 1 - 2 minutes. Complete 3 - 4 series in total. Remember safety precautions.

6. Movement in different stances in different directions. Dosage: 2 - 3 series every 1 - 2 minutes. rest during which flexibility exercises are performed.

7. Performing individual strikes with a hand or foot with maximum speed in the air or on projectiles. Dosage: 3 - 5 series of 5 - 10 single strokes. If the speed of impacts decreases, the exercise should be stopped.

8. Delivering a series of punches or kicks with maximum frequency in the air or on projectiles. Dosage: 5 - 6 series of 2 - 5 blows for 10 seconds. Such fragments are repeated 3-4 times every 1-2 minutes. rest with muscle relaxation.

9. Consecutive application of a series of 10 punches or kicks, followed by a 20-second rest. The exercise is performed with different variations of strikes for 3 minutes.

10. Alternate execution with a maximum frequency of 10 seconds. first striking with your hands, and then running in place, followed by rest for 20 seconds. Perform the exercise for 3 minutes.

11. Performing the maximum number of punches while jumping up in place.

12. Performing fixed series of jumping kicks on the spot with concentration of effort in one of them. Start with two hits in a series, then increase their number.

13. “Shadow fighting”, during which single strikes or series of 3-4 strikes are performed at maximum speed in combination with movements, deceptive feints and various defenses, imagining a specific enemy in front of oneself. Dosage: 2 - 3 rounds lasting 1 - 3 minutes. Rest between rounds 2 - 4 minutes.

14. Jumping rope, trying to periodically “scroll” it with your hands more than once per jump.

15. Dodge the ball hit by a partner, gradually reducing the distance or increasing the speed of throws.

16. Hitting a ball thrown by a partner.

17. Using your forearm or hand to hit a partner who is slapping your shoulder from the side. I.P. - standing facing each other at arm's length, arms down along the body.

18. Slopes by moving the shoulder back from clapping the partner’s palm on it.

19. Performing a series of punches on a tennis ball attached with a long elastic band (the length of an arm) to a holder on the head.

20. Shaking with maximum frequency the hands or feet left and right or up and down. Perform 2 - 3 series in 1 - 2 minutes. rest filled with slow, smooth movements (such as Tai Chi Chuan).

Perform these exercises only after thoroughly warming up your arms and, especially, your elbow joint!!!

1. Place one hand in front of you, palm up. With your other hand, grab her fingers from above. Extend your arm in front of you, bending your hand and fingers downward with your other hand. Repeat 10 to 30 times on each hand.

2. Place both hands at your shoulders. Hands are relaxed. One by one, throw your arms forward without straining them, as if you were shaking water from your fingers. Then perform the same side kicks. Start with 10 - 20 repetitions on each arm and gradually work your way up to 100 - 200.

3. Get into a full mabu stance. Clench your hands into fists, bend your elbows and raise them to shoulder level. Bend your fists as much as possible towards the inner sides of your forearms. Then, without lowering your elbows, simultaneously sharply and sharply strike with both fists in front of you in a downward motion, stretching the elbow side of your arm, while turning your kulaui downwards as much as possible. At the moment of impact, the arms should be fully straightened at the elbows and extended. The forearm opens at an angle of 180 degrees in relation to the shoulder. Strikes can also be thrown to the sides. The number of repetitions of this and the next exercise should be gradually increased to 300 - 500 times daily, achieving the most smooth, even movement in the elbow joint.

4. The starting position is the same, but this time the arms are crossed in front of the chest and similar blows are applied to the sides and down.

After training, you need to calm and relax your mind and body. The best exercises for this are stretching.

· Stretch with a feeling of comfort, stay in a certain position for 10 - 30 seconds.

· Do not use force.

· When you stretch, breathe slowly and naturally.

· Find a way to stretch that suits your body.

· When stretching the left and right sides, make sure that you spend the same amount of time on each.

1. Stretch your hamstrings and lower back:

Sit on the floor and bend your left leg. Extend your right leg forward.

Hold this position for 20 - 30 seconds.

Relax your shoulders and arms.

Do not try to forcefully reach your fingertips.

2. Stretch your inner thighs:

Sit on the floor and spread your legs apart without applying any force.

Bend forward from your lower back.

Relax your hips and point your feet upward.

Hold this position for 20 - 30 seconds.

Don't force it.

3. Stretch reverse side knee:

Extend your right leg, bend your left leg and place it on top of your thigh.

Slowly bend forward from your lower back.

Hit this position for 20 - 30 seconds.

Don't try to force it.

Repeat the same with the other leg.

4. Stretch your ankles:

Applying light pressure with your hands, rotate your ankle first clockwise, then counterclockwise, 10 to 20 times.

Repeat for the other ankle.

5. Stretch your arms, shoulders and upper back:

Raise your arms above your head and interlace your fingers.

With your palms facing upward, stretch your arms slightly back and up.

Hold this position for 15 - 20 seconds.

Breathe naturally.

6. Stretch your shoulders and upper back:

Place your hand across your chest and gently press your elbow towards the opposite shoulder.

Repeat the same for the other hand.

7. Stretch your triceps and upper shoulders:

Raise both arms above your head, take one elbow and extend your arm, gently pressing it down and back.

Hold this position for 10 - 20 seconds.

Repeat for the other hand.

8. Stretch your arms, shoulders and chest:

Lock your fingers behind your back and slowly raise your arms up.

Expand your chest.

Hold this position for 10 - 15 seconds.

9. Stretch your shoulders:

Place your hands behind your back, one on top, one below, and interlock your fingers (if you can).

Hold this position for 10 - 15 seconds.

Don't force it.

Repeat changing the position of your hands.

10. Stretch your upper body and back:

Place your hands on the wall. Bend your whole body forward and down, bend your knees slightly.

Hold this position for about 20 seconds.

11. Stretch your calf muscles:

Bend one leg and point your foot forward. Straighten your other leg and step it back.

Slowly move your hips forward without twisting them.

Hold this position for 20 seconds.

The heel of the back leg should not leave the floor.

Feet point forward or slightly inward.

Repeat for the other leg.

12. Do some breathing exercises.

Women who have to sit for long periods of time can benefit from exercises for the shoulder and hip joints, as well as to strengthen the buttocks.

But for starters, you can offer a small set of simple exercises that can be done right at your workplace. These exercises greatly stimulate blood circulation in the lower body:

1. Stand up with your hands on your belt and your legs closed. Then first spread them apart, and then bring your toes together, and then do the same with your heels. Perform 10 times.

2. Stand facing the chair, lightly holding onto its back with outstretched arms. After which, perform a half-squat on one leg, placing the other one on the toe back. Perform 10 times, alternating legs.

3. Having taken the starting position as in the previous exercise, vigorously swing one of the legs in different directions. Perform 10 times, alternating legs.

Exercises for the shoulder joints

1. Stand up, raise your arms up, and then rhythmically move them back, then relaxing the muscles. Do it 8 times.

2. Extend your arms to the sides and perform circular movements forward and backward with them. Perform 10 times.

3. Raise your arms up, and then make movements with them that imitate crawl swimming. Perform 10 times, alternating direction.

4. Take a chair and place your hands on the back of it. Holding your head between your hands, lean forward, bending as low as possible. Do it 8 times.

5. Bend your arms behind your back, holding one of them above your shoulder and the other below, on the hip side. Try to connect them with your fingers.

Exercises for the hip joints

1. Stand up, and then, carefully jumping forward, squat down - bent right leg in front, and straightened left leg in back. Perform spring squats. Then swap your legs. Perform 30 times.

2. Stand up, bend one of your legs and pull it to your chest three times, holding your knee with your hands. Perform 10 times, alternating legs.

3. Stand, swinging one of your legs to the left, right and to the sides. Perform 10 times in each direction, alternating legs.

4. Lie down and perform swinging movements with one of your legs towards your head. Perform 10 times, alternating legs.

5. Stand with one of your legs on the back of the chair. Bend your torso first towards the raised leg, and then towards the leg standing on the floor. Perform 5 times, alternating legs.

6. Stand up with one of your legs to the side. Make circular movements with this leg in different directions. Perform 12 times, alternating legs.

Another set of exercises for the hip joints

1. Stand up with your hands on your waist and your feet together. After that, move your socks to the sides without lifting them off the floor. Perform 20 times.

2. Stand with your hands on your waist and your legs apart. After which, first perform the spreading of the socks to the sides, and then bring them together as much as possible. Perform 30 times.

3. Stand up, keeping your hands on your waist, your feet together, and your toes in the maximum spread-out position. After that, do squats, keeping your head straight. Perform 10 times.

4. Perform squats with your legs in a slightly spread position in the starting position. Perform 10 times.

5. Walk in place without lifting your socks off the floor. Perform for a minute.

6. Walk in place. And first - in the standard version, then - on the toes, then - on the heels, after which - rolling from heel to toe. Perform for 30, 15 and 10 seconds.

It is also useful to do these exercises in the evening - after wearing high-heeled shoes during the day.

A set of exercises to strengthen the buttocks.

1. Stand up straight, holding the back of the chair with your hands and slightly spreading your knees. Slowly pulling one of your legs back, inhale, drawing in your stomach and tightening your gluteal muscles. Then turn the toe of the extended leg and stay in this position for 10 seconds. After this, exhale and relax. Perform 10 times, alternating legs.

2. Lie on your stomach, having previously placed a pillow under it. Clenching your fists, stretch your arms forward, slightly lifting your chin. While inhaling, slowly move your hands back, touching your buttocks with your fists. Return to the starting position while exhaling. After which he will relax. Perform 15 times.

3. Stand up, keeping your legs together and your arms along your body. Take a deep breath and start running in place, bending your elbows, hitting your buttocks with your heels and exhaling slowly. Continue for a minute.

4. Sit on the floor with your palms clasped at the back of your head and your legs slightly spread to the sides. Perform “walking” on your buttocks back and forth, keeping your back straight. Continue for a minute.

5. Sit straight on the floor with your legs crossed and your hands on your knees. Bend left and right, leaning on one or the other buttock.

6. Sit on your stomach, keeping your legs together and your fists under your chin. Raise one of your legs as high as possible, without bending, and hold it for 5 seconds. Perform 20 times, alternating legs.

7. Lie on your stomach with your chin on top of your palms placed on top of each other. Slowly lift one of your legs without bending and begin to exercise it rotational movements. Perform 20 times, alternating legs.

To strengthen the abdominal muscles

1. Lie on your back, raise your legs, and put your hands on your belt. Make simultaneous circular movements with your feet. Perform 5 times, alternating the direction of rotation.

2. Take the same starting position. After that, bring your legs together and spread them apart. Perform 10 times.

3. Being in the same starting position, work with your legs according to the principle of scissors, without bending them. Perform 10 times.

4. While in the same starting position, bend your knees and pull them towards your stomach, then return them back. Do it 5 times.

Bibliography

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As a manuscript MIRONOV Alexey Gennadievich IMPROVEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL AND APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF LEGAL SPECIALTIES BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF Aikido 13.00.08 - theory and methodology vocational education Abstract of the dissertation for the candidate's scientific degree pedagogical sciences Yoshkar-Ola - 2012 The dissertation was completed at the Department of Theory and Methodology of Technology and Professional Education of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Mari" State University" Scientific supervisor: Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Valentina Aleksandrovna Komelina Official opponents: Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Andrey Ivanovich Pyanzin Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Olga Leonidovna Shabalina Leading organization: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Volga Region State Social and Humanitarian Academy" Defense will take place on May 11, 2012 at 10.00 o'clock at the meeting of the dissertation council D 212.116.03 at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Mari State University" at the address: 424002, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Kremlevskaya st., 44. The dissertation can be found in the library of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education. Mari State University". The electronic version of the dissertation is posted on the official website of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Mari State University" on April 9, 2012. Access mode: http:// www.marsu.ru. The dissertation abstract was sent out on April 9, 2012. Scientific secretary of the dissertation council, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor S.A. Arefieva GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORK Relevance of the problem. Strategic goal modern professional education is the formation of professional competence as a set of versatile competencies of university graduates, giving the opportunity to successfully act in numerous situations of professional activity, to effectively implement acquired knowledge, skills and abilities, professionally significant qualities in the creative solution of non-standard professional tasks (V.I. Andreev, O .P. Volkova, I.A. Zimnyaya, V.V. Serikov, A.V. Khutorskoy, V.D. This fully applies to law students at universities. Therefore, the content of professional education of students of legal specialties at universities with a competency-based approach should be based on an orientation towards the formation of key competencies in all areas of their professional activity. Significant contribution professionally applied physical training, which is a mandatory component of professional education at a university and is built on the basis of the implementation of one of the most important principles, should contribute to the achievement of this goal pedagogical system- the principle of an organic connection between physical education and work practice. Traditional approaches to professional-applied physical training of law students at universities do not sufficiently take into account the specific content of their future professional activities. Naturally, this affects not only the success of their professional activities, but also, no less important, limits their ability to survive in extreme conditions. The professional activity of university law students is extremely risky. In particular, in Russian Federation in 1995, 470 law enforcement officers were killed and 1,750 were injured in the line of duty in law enforcement agencies (N.V. Cheskidov). IN last years These figures are constantly increasing, which indicates a deterioration in the criminal situation in the country. An analysis of the content of law enforcement activity shows that the success of any operation to suppress illegal actions depends on the degree of formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits. Failure to use weapons and self-defense techniques lead to the death of law enforcement officers (P.P. Mikheev). Most often, young employees die when arresting offenders. One of the main reasons for the risk of professional activity of legal students is the low level of professional-applied physical training at the university. The degree of development of the problem. Issues of improving professional applied physical training, ensuring the survival of specialists in extreme conditions of professional activity, have been the subject of many studies. Currently, the problem of improving professional-applied physical training of students of military universities (V.I. Andreychuk, I.L. Borshchov, I.I. Velikson, M.I. Dyachenko, etc.), intelligence universities (Ya.Ya. Malakhov), law enforcement universities (A.V. Antonov, V.V. Krugov, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, D.A. Rukavishnikov, A.Yu. Syrnikov, N. V. Cheskidov, etc.) and other legal educational institutions(S. Crawford, S.Yu. Makhov, J. Wiseman, R. Shillingford, V.A. Shlykov, etc.). The authors of most works note that the current practice of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities does not fully solve the problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits that are essential for their future professional activities (V.A. Komelina, A. N. Kopeikin, V.G. Lupyr, S.I. Utkin, N.V. Shlykov and others). In accordance with the conceptual provisions of the synergetic approach, solving problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of an individual can be and is carried out in practice through the use of various means of professionally applied physical training (O.N. Astafieva, G.L. Drandrov). One of the effective, in our opinion, means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties of universities is the holistic use of Japanese martial art aikido. The use of the martial art of Aikido in professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities best solves the problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits that are essential for their future professional activities. The decisive factors in developing fortitude in the martial art of Aikido are concentration and meditation, aimed at performing extremely precise movements and developing a person’s ability to instantly react to any movement of an opponent. The cultivation of self-control, sobriety of thought and composure in Aikido is accompanied by physical training. Meanwhile, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature indicates that the problem of improving professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido has not yet been the subject of scientific research . The following contradiction arises: between the socially and personally determined need to increase the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities, on the one hand, and the insufficient development of a set of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido, on the other hand. From this contradiction arises the research problem: what are the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido? The revealed contradiction, insufficient knowledge and relevance of the problem determined the choice of the research topic: “Improving professionally applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido.” The purpose of the study is to identify, theoretically and experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido. The object of the study is the system of professional-applied physical training of university students of legal specialties. The subject of the research is the process of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties based on the use of aikido in the conditions of higher professional education. Research hypothesis. The level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido can be increased if the following pedagogical conditions are implemented: - formation of students of legal specialties of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity ; - development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; - conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido. In accordance with the purpose and hypothesis, the following tasks were solved in the study: - to determine the place and role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students; - to determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties of universities; - to identify, scientifically substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido: the formation of a positive attitude among university law students to professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant activity ; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido. The methodological basis of the study was the conceptual provisions of materialist dialectics and the activity approach to the study of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person (V.I. Bidenko, L.S. Vygotsky, V.M. Zatsiorsky, E.F. Zeer, V.A. Komelina , A.N. Leontyev, S.L. Rubinshtein, V.P. Cherginets, N.V. Cheskidov, O.L. theory of the competency-based approach to professional training (V.I. Andreev, V.N. Vvedensky, O.P. Volkova, L.V. Golikova, V.N. Grishchenko, R.V. Gurina, I.A. Zimnyaya, A V. Petrov, I.A. Posunko, V.V. Tatur, A.V. , V.D. Shadrikov, etc.) The theoretical basis of the study was the work on the theory and methodology of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities (A.V. Antonov, A.V. Druzhinin, N.I. Kashin, O.A. Kozlyatnikov, A.N. Kosyachenko, V.G. Lupyr, S.Yu. , A.G. Popov, D.A. Rukavishnikov, A.Yu. Syrnikov, V.V. Yanshin, etc.) and employees of law enforcement agencies (A.A. Volkov, I.S. Grigoriev , O.A. Maltseva, P.P. Mikheev, O.A. Nevzorov, V.V. works summarizing practical experience work of special forces, troops of Russia and other countries to detain criminals (M.V. Gatalsky, M.I. Dyachenko, A.A. Kadochnikov, S. Crawford, Y.Y. Malakhov, M.A. Moskvichev, D. Wiseman, N.V. Cheskidov, R. Shillingford, V.A. Shlykov, etc.); works on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions (V.I. Andreychuk, A.F. Anenkov, G.N. Blakhin, A.N. Bleer, I.L. Borshchov, M.A. Bragin, I.I. Velikson , I.S. Grigoriev, I.A. Dvoryak, V.M. Milenin, Y.F. Podlipnyak, R. Shillingford .); works on the theory and methodology of aikido (G.N. Agafonov, R. Brand, B.V. Voronin, S.N. Gvozdev, A.B. Kachan, S. Mistsugi, T. Nobuyoshi, etc.) and other martial arts (S. M. Ashkinazi, K. Wennan, S. G. Gagonin, G. K. Gagua, E. A. Gatkin, K. Gil, G. John, A. V. Zakharov, A. A. Kadochnikov, D. . Kano, A.A. Karasev, M. Lukashev, M. Nakayama, I.V. Retyunskikh, V.A. A.E. Taras, A.A. Kharlampiev, N.N. Choi, S. Culin, D.F. Habersetzer, H. Nishinama, C. Shioda, D.T. Suzuki, etc.). The regulatory framework for the study was: Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated July 10, 1992 N 3266-1; Instructions for the organization and content of the work of physical education departments of higher educational institutions. The instruction was approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation on higher education dated July 26, 1994 No. 777; Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education for 2011-2015" dated 02/07/2011 No. 61; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On the organization of the process of physical education in educational institutions primary, secondary and higher professional education" dated December 1, 1999 No. 1025; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia "On approval of state educational standards higher professional education" dated 03/02/2000 No. 686; Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation FROM 05/15/2001 N 510 (as amended on 05/20/2003) "On introducing changes and additions to the manual on physical training of employees of internal affairs bodies", approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russia dated July 29, 1996 No. 412; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia “On improving the process of physical education in educational institutions of the Russian Federation” dated July 16, 2002 No. 2715/227/166/19; Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation” " dated April 29, 1999 No. 80-FZ. To solve the assigned problems, the following research methods were used: analysis and synthesis of pedagogical, psychological, special, scientific and methodological literature and program and regulatory documents, pedagogical testing, psychodiagnostics, expert assessment, pedagogical experiment, methods mathematical statistics. Experimental base of the study. The organization and conduct of the formative pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of the Mari State University. 150 students of the specialty “Jurisprudence” took part in the experiment. In organizing research, taking into account the tasks to be solved, four qualitatively different stages are conventionally distinguished. At the first stage (2008-2009), based on the analysis and synthesis of literature on the research topic, contradictions in the traditional practice of professional-applied physical training of university law students were identified, the problem and purpose of the study were formulated, its object and subject were determined, a working hypothesis for the study was developed, the research objectives and adequate ones were determined scientific methods. At the second stage (2009-2010), the place and role of professionally applied physical training was determined based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students; the pedagogical potential of aikido was determined as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties at universities; the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido were identified; was selected by experience experimental base research. At the third stage (2010-2011), a set of diagnostic materials was selected and tested to identify the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido; the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido were experimentally substantiated; the dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido were revealed. At the fourth stage (2011-2012), the data from the pedagogical experiment was compiled in the form of scientific articles, guidelines, dissertations and abstracts, and the research results were introduced into teaching practice. The scientific novelty of the research results is as follows: - The place and role of professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students has been determined. Professional applied physical training based on the use of aikido is one of the most important components professional competence of university legal students. It forms and develops in students of legal specialties of universities professionally significant properties and personality traits necessary for their future professional activities. - The pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties of universities has been revealed. Aikido promotes the formation and development of professionally significant personality traits and qualities: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed. strength qualities, agility, neutralizing and detaining the enemy. The identified personality traits and qualities are necessary for law students at universities for their future professional activities. - Pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido have been identified and scientifically substantiated: the formation of students of legal specialties of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido. The theoretical significance of the research results is that it makes a certain contribution to the theory and methodology of vocational education. The results obtained expand and deepen the existing knowledge about the place and role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students; about the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties at universities; about the pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido. The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the application of the theoretical principles and conclusions of the study in educational process The university allows you to increase the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities. Developed by the author guidelines "Physical Culture in the professional training of law students", the course "Professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido", diagnostic materials to identify the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido, as well as theoretical provisions and conclusions , contained in the dissertation, can be used to improve professional applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities, universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, military universities, universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service and other educational institutions that provide professional training to students for law enforcement activities. Another area of ​​application is the system of advanced training for law enforcement officers. bodies. Basic provisions submitted for defense: 1. Professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido is one of the most important components of the professional competence of university law students. It forms and develops in students of legal specialties of universities professionally significant properties and personality traits necessary for their future professional activities. 2. The pedagogical potential of the martial art of Aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties of universities is manifested in the fact that Aikido contributes to the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed , endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, agility, neutralizing and detaining the enemy. The identified personality traits and qualities are necessary for law students at universities for their future professional activities. 3. The pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido are: the formation of students of legal specialties of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido. The validity of the main provisions and conclusions of the dissertation research is ensured by the consistent and logically consistent implementation of the conceptual provisions of materialist dialectics and the activity-based approach to the study of professionally significant properties and qualities of the individual, based on the theory of the competency-based approach to professional training, on the theory and methodology of professional-applied physical training of law students specialties of universities, for work on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions, for work on the theory and methods of teaching aikido and other types of martial arts. The reliability of the results is ensured by the use of a set of scientific research methods that are adequate to its subject and goals, the results of experimental work with the participation of a sufficient sample of subjects, and the correct use of mathematical statistics methods for the quantitative analysis of experimental data. Testing and implementation of research results. The main provisions and results of the dissertation research were reported and discussed at meetings of the Department of Physical Culture, Department of Theory and Methodology of Technology and Professional Education of the Mari State University; at the All-Russian distance scientific-practical conference"Physical culture, sports and health" (Yoshkar-Ola, 2004-2006); at the All-Russian scientific and practical conference "Problems teacher education: history and modernity" (Yoshkar-Ola, 2011); at the All-Russian practical conference" Innovative approaches modern technologies V vocational training in universities of physical education and preparing students for participation in Russian and international competitions" (Kazan, 2011). The main provisions and conclusions of the study are reflected in ten publications, including scientific publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The structure of the dissertation The dissertation is presented on 222 pages and consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references, and appendices. The work contains 33 tables. The list of references includes 167 titles, including 11 in foreign languages. , problem, goal, object, subject, hypothesis, tasks and research methods, its scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance; the content of the stages of work is revealed, the main provisions submitted for defense are given; Theoretical and methodological foundations, legal framework and experimental basis of the study, information on the reliability of the research results, testing and implementation of its results are presented. In the first chapter of the dissertation " Theoretical basis professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido" considers the concept of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities and determines the place and role of professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities Competence - integral personal characteristic human (I.A. Zimnyaya, I.A. Posunko). As an essential specific feature of competence, the features of its relationship to the activity carried out by a person are highlighted (Yu.G. Tatur, A.A. Tutolmin). Some scientists draw attention to the fact that competence is the result of education (I.A. Zimnyaya, V.D. Shadrikov). In accordance with the competency-based approach (V.I. Bidenko, I.A. Zimnyaya, Yu.G. Tatur, A.V. Khutorskoy, V.D. Shadrikov), the goal of vocational education is the formation of professional competence as a set of versatile competencies that allow effective act in various professional situations. The professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities is characterized as an integral characteristic of the individual, including the knowledge, skills, abilities, abilities and motivational-value attitude towards the content and results of future professional activity formed as a result of education, and determining the success of its implementation. Competence is structural element professional competence, which determines the success of certain aspects of professional activity. The totality of competence determines the level and dynamics of development of professional competence. Professional-applied physical training is understood as a specialized type of physical education, carried out in accordance with the requirements and characteristics of a given profession (V.S. Kuznetsov, Zh.K. Kholodov), and is a mandatory component of vocational education at a university. In accordance with the requirements and characteristics of future professional activity, professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido is an integral part of the professional competence of university law students. The role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students is that it forms and develops professionally significant properties and personality traits necessary for their future professional activities. The first chapter also discusses the purpose, objectives and content of physical training, problems of improving professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities. The current practice of physical training of law students at universities does not fully ensure the proper level of physical readiness to perform service and combat missions. Most students cannot meet physical training standards, do not fully master hand-to-hand combat techniques, and in extreme situations, most of them show confusion and helplessness, and are inferior in strength and dexterity. To overcome the current situation, it is recommended to focus professional applied physical training on the development of such abilities as efficiency, logical thinking, attention skills, emotional stability(V.P. Cherginets), strong-willed qualities (Yu.A. Makhov), for the development of basic physical abilities, training in the basics of hand-to-hand combat techniques and overcoming obstacles (N.I. Kashin), for the development of physical qualities and professional motor skills, for increasing stress resistance in critical situations of professional activity (A.V. Druzhinin, D.A. Samsonov), to ensure readiness for action according to the scheme: search - pursuit - forceful detention - fire defeat (V.I. Kosyachenko), to develop physical and mental readiness to successfully perform operational and official tasks, skillful use of physical force, combat techniques and special means in suppressing illegal actions, as well as ensuring their high performance in the process of official activities (D.A. Rukavishnikov), on the formation of a personal security strategy ( S.Yu. Makhov), which is considered as a process of managing a set of adequate actions, methods of physical and mental influence, methods of intellectual counteraction to aggressive attacks on the person, carried out in order to create conditions for neutralization by the future lawyer problem situations and developing his readiness to ensure personal safety. As a means of professional applied physical training, it is proposed to use a complex of special situational game tasks(V.P. Cherginets), a program of situational lessons, including basic means and methods of military-applied sports (N.V. Volkova), training tasks in simulated conditions and situations of detaining offenders (O.A. Kozlyatnikov), combat (A. .G. Popov) and professional (D.A. Rukavishnikov, S.Yu. Makhov) activities, under the influence of confusing factors (V.I. Kosyachenko). It is recommended to determine the quality of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities by emotional-volitional, value-motivational, cognitive, operational-technological, functional and activity criteria. The degree of their formation determines the level of their mental and physical readiness to perform operational and service tasks (D.A. Rukavishnikov, S.Yu. Makhov). One of the objectives of the study is to determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for law students at universities. The hieroglyphic spelling of the word "aikido" consists of three hieroglyphs: "Ai" - means love, harmony; "Ki" - internal, spiritual energy; "Before" is the way. “Aiki” means the influence of a strong-spirited person on a weak-spirited person to completely immobilize the latter (S.A. Gvozdev). Aikido spread mainly among a very limited circle of intellectuals and high-ranking officials and never reached the general public. The uniqueness of aikido lies in its pronounced defensive nature, using all the natural capabilities of the human body to neutralize and detain the enemy (G.N. Agafonov); in providing combat techniques to neutralize the enemy, using attack force and the principle of non-infliction of physical damage (A. Westbrook, O. Ratti, M.L. Karpova); in the absence of competition; availability of a training system suitable for people of any age, gender and physical capabilities(D.F. Draeger). The structure of aikido classes is built in accordance with the natural order of changes in the performance of students, specific patterns of training and education at a university (A.B. Kachan). The goal of Aikido training is to develop a person’s ability to harmoniously overcome interpersonal conflicts, arising in Everyday life. Mastering the technique of aikido motor actions is directly related to the formation of techniques for neutralizing and detaining an enemy, the development of mental stability, improved health and the development of physical qualities: flexibility, reaction speed, agility, endurance, increased physical strength (R. Brand, A.A. Kadochnikov, S. .X. Kim, E.M. Aikido promotes the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, agility, neutralizing and detaining the enemy. The identified personality traits and qualities are necessary for law students at universities for their future professional activities. Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature presented in the first chapter, we can highlight the following pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido: the formation of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido among students of legal specialties of universities application of aikido as a personally significant activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido. In the second chapter" Experimental verification application of aikido in professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities" in accordance with the purpose and hypothesis of the study, the following particular tasks were consistently solved in the experimental work: 1) select and test a set of diagnostic materials to identify the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties universities based on the use of aikido; 2) experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido; 3) identify the dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido. tasks, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of pedagogical, psychological, special, scientific and methodological literature and program and regulatory documents, pedagogical testing, psychodiagnostics, expert assessment, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. The theoretically identified pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido were experimentally substantiated. First pedagogical condition- the formation of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training among students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity - is carried out taking into account the following principles: the unity and interrelation of professional-applied and general physical training; associated development of special physical qualities and the formation of motor skills and skills of pursuit, neutralization and detention of the “offender”; unity and interrelation of development of physical and mental qualities; high professional competence teacher in the field of martial art Aikido. The second pedagogical condition - the development and implementation of an experimental program for the course "Professional-applied physical training of university students of legal specialties based on the use of aikido" - is carried out by the development of a program that includes the goal, objectives, content, technology, ensuring an increase in the level of professional-applied physical training students of legal specialties of universities, and implementation in educational process in classes in the academic discipline "Physical Education". The third pedagogical condition - systematic monitoring of the level of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties based on the use of aikido - is carried out in the organization and conduct of a formative pedagogical experiment on the basis of the Mari State University. 150 students of the specialty “Jurisprudence” took part in the experiment. Professional applied physical training of the control and experimental groups was carried out within the framework of academic discipline"Physical Culture". Training sessions for both groups were conducted twice a week for two academic hours. Professional applied physical training of subjects in the control group was carried out on the basis of traditional approaches to it, the means of which were training exercises from the arsenal of athletics, skiing, sports games. Professional-applied physical training of the subjects of the experimental group was carried out according to the experimental program of the course “Professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido” developed by us (section 2.2 of this work). For all subjects, at the beginning and after completion of the pedagogical experiment, we measured and assessed indicators of personality traits and qualities based on the use of pedagogical testing, psychodiagnostics, and expert assessment. Pedagogical testing was used to assess the general level of physical condition of the subjects different stages preparation. The level of development of strength qualities was determined using test exercises “Bending-extension of arms”, “Raising-lowering of the body”, “Hanging on the crossbar”. The level of development of speed-strength qualities was determined using the test exercise “Standing long jump”. The level of flexibility development was determined using the test exercise “Bending the torso forward.” The level of endurance development was determined using the test exercise “Running 1000 m”. Based on the data obtained, the general level of physical condition of the subjects was determined. Psychodiagnostics was used to identify indicators of the subjects’ personality traits and qualities. Indicators of the mental qualities of the subjects were measured using generally accepted psychodiagnostic techniques. The level of development of volitional qualities (purposefulness, courage and determination, perseverance and perseverance, endurance and self-control, independence and initiative), neuropsychic stability, anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity, internality and externality was determined. We used expert assessment to assess the quality of the subjects’ performance of neutralizing and apprehending the “offender.” Indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” were measured and assessed based on the results of counterattack actions from various variants of the “offender’s” attack. The average amount of points scored by the subject when performing counterattack actions in 10 situations was taken into account. Comparative analysis The studied indicators of the properties and personality traits of the subjects before the experiment did not reveal significant differences between the data of both groups of subjects. The exception is the indicators of initiative and independence, which were significantly higher (P = 0.022) in the control group subjects (37.44 versus 33.68 points in the experimental group subjects). In general, we can assume that both samples of subjects were relatively homogeneous in terms of the characteristics and personality traits of the subjects at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment. Table 1 Rate of growth in indicators of personality properties and qualities of subjects in the control and experimental groups in the experiment, X ± δ Personality properties and qualities Growth rate of indicators of personality properties and qualities P Control group Experimental group Willpower qualities, points Purposefulness 1.92 ± 6.251.12 ± 5.120.623 Courage and determination - 0 .10±4.963.80±4.280.016 Persistence and perseverance - 0.04±6.061.00±5.250.520 Initiative and independence -0.20±4.860.56±4.180.556 Endurance and self-control 0.30±4.432.70±3.160.047 Nervous ical stability , points Overall assessment - 0.32 ± 1,140.72 ± 1,170.003 Self-assessment of mental states, points Anxiety - 0.24 ± 2.67-1.68 ± 2.640.061 Frustration - 0.44 ± 3.03-1.88 ± 2.830.108 Aggression - 0 .52±3.16-0.48±2.470.960Rigidity-0.84±3.92-0.80±3.140.968Level subjective control , points Internality 0.16±2.210.64±4.360.626Externality-1.08±3.95-0.60±3.420.648Physical qualitiesStrength quality (flexion - extension of arms, times)10.76±7.9112.64±6.760.371Speed-strength quality (standing long jump, cm) 10.88±10.4014.44±7.900.179 Strength quality (raising and lowering the body in 30 s, times) 4.44±3.968.08±5.230.008 Strength quality (hanging on the crossbar, c) -2.08±8.577.96±7.54≤0.001 Flexibility (torso forward bend, cm) 3.84±4.207.32±5.140.012 Endurance (1000 m run, s) -4.52±20.55- 15.68±18.930.051General level of physical condition 0.12±0.120.26±0.09≤0.001 The growth rates of indicators of properties and personality traits of subjects of both groups in the experiment differ significantly (Table 1). The subjects of the experimental group had higher rates of growth in the following indicators: courage and determination: 3.80 versus -0.10 points (P = 0.016); endurance and self-control: 2.70 versus 0.30 points (P=0.047); neuropsychic stability: 0.72 versus -0.32 points (P=0.003). The subjects of the experimental group showed a greater decrease in indicators: anxiety: -1.68 versus -0.24 (P = 0.061); frustration: -1.88 versus -0.44 points (P=0.108). The physical condition indicators of the subjects in the experimental group increased by 0.26 points, which is significantly higher (P≤0.001) than the rate of increase of this indicator in the subjects of the control group - by 0.12 points: the results in the test exercise “Raising and lowering the body” show an increase in strength qualities in the experimental group subjects by 8.08 versus 4.44 in the control group subjects (P=0.008); the results in the test exercise “Hanging on the crossbar” show an increase in strength qualities in the experimental group subjects by 7.96 versus -2.08 in the control group subjects (P≤0.001); the results in the test exercise “Running 1000 m” show an increase in the quality of endurance in the experimental group by 15.68 versus 4.52 in the control group (P=0.051); the results in the test exercise “Bending the torso forward” show an increase in the quality of flexibility in the experimental group subjects by 7.32 versus 3.84 in the control group subjects (P = 0.012). Table 2 Indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” by subjects of the control and experimental groups before the experiment, points (X ± δ) Variants of attacking actions of the “offender” from the “standing on his feet” position Indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” RKGEG1. Grabbing the hand with the same hand from the side2, 16±0.862, 36±0.720.8972. Grabbing the hand with an opposite hand from the side2, 44±0.772.28±0.630.7863. Back girth with two hands 1.64±0.541.56±0.480.6574. Hit to the head with the edge of the palm from the front 2.12±0.682.08±0.510.6985. Hit to the head with a stick from the front1, 12±0.561.24±0.750.9426. Hit to the stomach with a fist from the front 2.04±0.962.00±0.590.7687. A blow to the stomach with a knife from the front1.32±0.541.24±0.650.8768. Threat with a pistol at point-blank range from the front1, 12±0.801.16±0.590.9879. Point-blank threat with a pistol from the side 1.40±0.421.32±0.680.85610. Threat with a pistol point-blank from behind 1.12±0.711.08±0.460.902 Average score 1.26±0.751.20±0.600.769 Comparative analysis of quality indicators for neutralizing and detaining an “offender” by subjects in the control and experimental groups for neutralizing and detaining an “offender” before the experiment (table 2) did not reveal significant differences: subjects in the control group received an average score of 1.26 points; subjects of the experimental group - 1.20 points (P = 0.769). These data indicate that the majority of subjects are not able to effectively neutralize and detain the “offender.” After the experiment, the quality indicators of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” among subjects in the control group increased by 0.32 points and reached a value of 1.58 points (Table 3). The differences between the initial and final indicators are not significant (P≥0.05). A more significant increase was observed among subjects in the experimental group - by 1.64 points. Their quality indicator for neutralizing and detaining the “offender” was close to three points (2.84 points). This means that the majority of subjects in this group were able to neutralize the “offender” with various counterattack actions within 20 s, but did not manage to hold him in a prone position on his stomach within 25 s. The differences between the growth rates of quality indicators for neutralizing and detaining an “offender” by subjects in the control and experimental groups are significant (P≤0.001). Table 3 Indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” by subjects of the control and experimental groups after the experiment, points (X ± δ) Variants of attacking actions of the “offender” from the “standing on his feet” position Indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” RKGEG1. Grabbing the hand with the same hand from the side 2.48±0.874.12±0.78≤0.0012. Grabbing the hand with an opposite hand from the side 2.32±0.764.00±0.630.0113. Girth with two hands behind 1.64±0.562.80±0.400.0464. Hit to the head with the edge of the palm from the front 2.40±0.483.20±0.530.0515. Hit to the head with a stick from the front 2.16±0.863.52±0.60≤0.0016. Punch to the stomach with a fist from the front 2.36±0.544.12±0.74≤0.0017. A blow to the stomach with a knife from the front2.28±0.683.88±0.61≤0.0018. Threat with a pistol at point-blank range from the front 2.04±0.813.60±0.89≤0.0019. Point-blank threat with a pistol from the side 1.60±0.542.72±0.440.01910. Threat with a pistol at point-blank range from behind 1.56±0.822.96±0.51≤0.001 Average score 1.58±0.602.84±0.46≤0.001 Also significantly different were the indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” of subjects of both groups, observed after the experiment (P≤0.001). So, we carried out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido, as a result of which we identified the dynamics of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido during and after the experiment. The monitoring results showed a significant increase in the growth rate of indicators of personality traits and qualities among students: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, quality of neutralization and detention of the “offender”. The conducted research does not exhaust all aspects of the identified problem. Promising directions for further research of the problem is to study the problem of improving professionally applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido through the prism of a competency-based approach and the formation of relevant competencies in future lawyers. Also promising direction studying this problem may be the issue of improving the technologies of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities. In conclusion, the results of the study are summed up, confirming her hypothesis and the provisions put forward for defense. The results of the study allow us to formulate the following conclusions: 1. Professional applied physical training based on the use of aikido is one of the most important components of the professional competence of university law students. It forms and develops in students of legal specialties of universities professionally significant properties and personality traits necessary for their future professional activities. 2. The pedagogical potential of the martial art of Aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties of universities is manifested in the fact that Aikido contributes to the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed , endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, agility, neutralizing and detaining the enemy. The identified personality traits and qualities are necessary for law students at universities for their future professional activities. 3. Pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido have been identified: - formation of students of legal specialties of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; - development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; - conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido. 4. It is substantiated that a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity is formed taking into account the following principles: - unity and interrelation of professional-applied and general physical training; - associated development of physical qualities and the formation of motor skills and skills of pursuit, neutralization and detention of the “offender”; - unity and interconnection of the development of personality properties and qualities; - high professional competence of the teacher in the field of martial art of Aikido. 5. An experimental program for the course “Professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of Aikido” was developed and introduced into the educational process. The program includes the goal, objectives, content, technology, ensuring an increase in the level of professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities. 6. The dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido during and after the experiment were revealed. The monitoring results showed a significant increase in the growth rate of indicators of personality traits and qualities among students: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, quality of neutralization and detention of the “offender”. 7. The implementation of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido led to an increase in the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido. The hypothesis put forward was confirmed, the research problems were solved. The main content of the dissertation is reflected in the following publications: Articles in peer-reviewed scientific publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 1. Mironov, A.G. Pedagogical conditions for improving professional applied physical training of future lawyers based on the use of aikido / A.G. Mironov // Education and self-development. - 2011. - No. 5 (27). - pp. 64-69. (0.4 p.l.) 2. Mironov, A.G. Formation of professional competence of a lawyer in the process of special physical training at a university / A.G. Mironov // Bulletin of the Chuvash State pedagogical university them. AND I. Yakovleva. - 2011. - No. 1 (69). - Part 2. - pp. 120-123. (0.3 p.l.) 3. Mironov, A.G. Characteristics of aikido as a type of Japanese martial art and means of physical education / A.G. Mironov // Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after. AND I. Yakovleva. - 2011. - No. 3 (71). - Part 1. - pp. 126-133. (0.5 pp.) Publications in other scientific publications 4. Mironov, A.G. Aikido in the system of physical training of students / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sport, health: collection of scientific articles; edited by MM. Polevshchikova. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2004. - pp. 43-45. (0.2 p.l.) 5. Mironov, A.G. Studying the basics of aikido technique / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sport, health: Collection of scientific articles / Ed. MM. Polevshchikov. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2005. - pp. 67-71. (0.3 p.l.) 6. Mironov, A.G. Physiological characteristics of the mechanism and patterns of development of physical qualities in humans in the martial art of Aikido / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sport, health: materials of the All-Russian remote scientific and practical conference; edited by MM. Polevshchikova. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2006. - pp. 40-44. (0.3 p.l.) 7. Mironov, A.G. Improving the professional competence of lawyers working in law enforcement agencies as a target for professional-applied physical training in the process of studying at a university / A.G. Mironov / Pedagogical process at the university: Sat. scientific articles; resp. ed. Pavlov I.V. - Cheboksary: ​​Chuvash. state ped. univ., 2010. - pp. 74-81. (0.5 p.l.) 8. Mironov, A.G. Personal and activity approaches to determining the essence of professional competence / G.L. Drandrov, A.G. Mironov, E.Sh. Zeinutdinova // Personality as a subject of innovation: collection scientific works; scientific ed. M.V. Volkova - Cheboksary: ​​Research Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, 2010. - P. 35-41. (0.4/0.1 p.l.) 9. Mironov, A.G. Physical culture in the professional training of law students: methodological instructions / A.G. Mironov. - Yoshkar-Ola: Mar. state univ., 2011. - 59 p. (3.7 p.l.) 10. Mironov, A.G. Formation of psychophysical readiness of law school students for law enforcement activities based on the use of aikido / A.G. Mironov // Innovative approaches and modern technologies in vocational training in universities of physical education and preparing students for participation in Russian and international competitions: materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference. - Kazan: Povolzhskaya GAFKSiT, 2011. - P. 71-74. (0.3 p.l.) 2 2

Abstract of the dissertation on the topic "Improving professionally applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido"

As a manuscript

MIRONOV Alexey Gennadievich

IMPROVEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL AND APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF UNIVERSITY LEGAL SPECIALTIES BASED ON APPLICATION

Yoshkar-Ola - 2012

The dissertation was completed at the Department of Theory and Methodology of Technology and Professional Education of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Mari State University"

Scientific adviser:

Official opponents:

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Komelina Valentina Aleksandrovna

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Pyanzin Andrey Ivanovich

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Shabalina Olga Leonidovna

Lead organization:

FSBEI HPE "Volga Region State Social and Humanitarian Academy"

The defense will take place on May 2012 at 10:00 a.m. at a meeting of the dissertation council D 212.116.03 at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Mari State University" at the address: 424002, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola st. Kremlevskaya, 44.

The dissertation can be found in the library of the Mari State University.

Scientific Secretary

dissertation council, ^ o

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor S.A. Arefieva

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK

The professional activity of university law students is extremely risky. In particular, in the Russian Federation in 1995, 470 law enforcement officers were killed and 1,750 were injured in the line of duty in law enforcement agencies (N.V. Cheskidov). In recent years, these figures have been constantly increasing, which indicates a deterioration in the criminal situation in the country. An analysis of the content of law enforcement activity shows that the success of any operation to suppress illegal actions depends on the degree of formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits. Failure to use weapons and self-defense techniques lead to the death of law enforcement officers (P.P. Mikheev). Most often, young employees die when arresting offenders. One of the main reasons for the risk of professional activity of students

legal specialties is a low level of professional-applied physical training at the university.

The degree of development of the problem. Issues of improving professional applied physical training, ensuring the survival of specialists in extreme conditions of professional activity, have been the subject of many studies. Currently, the problem of improving professional-applied physical training of students of military universities (V.I. Andreychuk, I.L. Borshchov, I.I. Velikson, M.I. Dyachenko, etc.), intelligence universities (Ya.L. Malakhov) has been studied. , law enforcement universities (A.B. Antonov, V.V. Krugov, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, D.A. Rukavishnikov, A.Yu. Syrnikov, N.V. Cheskidov, etc. .) and other legal educational institutions (S. Crawford, S.Yu. Makhov, J. Wiseman, R. Shillingford, V.A. Shlykov, etc.). The authors of most works note that the current practice of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities does not fully solve the problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits that are essential for their future professional activities (V.A. Komelina, A. N. Kopeikin, V.G. Lupyr, S.I. Utkin, N.V. Shlykov and others).

One of the effective, in our opinion, means of professionally applied physical training for law students at universities is the holistic application of the Japanese martial art of Aikido. The use of the martial art of Aikido in professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities best solves the problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits that are essential for their future professional activities.

The decisive factors in developing fortitude in the martial art of Aikido are concentration and meditation, aimed at performing extremely precise movements and developing a person’s ability to instantly react to any movement of an opponent. The cultivation of self-control, sobriety of thought and composure in Aikido is accompanied by physical training.

Meanwhile, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature indicates that the problem of improving professionally applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido has not been the subject of scientific research until now.

The following contradiction arises: between the socially and personally determined need to increase the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities, on the one hand, and the insufficient development of a set of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido, on the other hand. From this contradiction arises the research problem: what are the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido?

The purpose of the study is to identify, theoretically and experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido.

In accordance with the purpose and hypothesis, the study decided

the following tasks:

To determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties at universities;

To identify, scientifically substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido: the formation of students of legal specialties of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido.

The methodological basis of the study was the conceptual provisions of materialist dialectics and the activity approach to the study of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person (V.I. Bidenko, J.I.C. Vygotsky, V.M. Zatsiorsky, E.F. Zeer, V.A. Komelina ,

A.N. Leontyev, S.L. Rubinstein, V.P. Cherginets, N.V. Cheskidov, O.L. Shabalina and others); theory of the competency-based approach to professional training (V.I. Andreev, V.N. Vvedensky, O.P. Volkova, L.V. Golikova,

B.N. Grishchenko, R.V. Turina, I.A. Zimnyaya, A.V. Petrov, I.A. Posunko, M. Rosenova, V.V. Serikov, Yu.G. Tatur, A.B. Tutolmin, S.N. Fedorova, A.B. Khutorskoy, A.I. Chuchalin, V.D. Shadrikov and others)

The theoretical basis of the study was the work on the theory and methodology of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities (A.B. Antonov, A.B. Druzhinin, N.I. Kashin, O.A. Kozlyatnikov, A.N. Kopeikin, V.I. Kosyachenko, V.V. Krugov, V.G. Lupyr, S.Yu. Makhov, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, D.A. S.I. Utkin, V.V. Yanshin, etc.) and employees of law enforcement agencies (A.A. Volkov, I.S. Grigoriev, O.A. Maltseva, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, O.A. Nevzorov, S.B. Nepomnyashchy, V.V. Orlov, D.A. Samsonov, etc.); works summarizing the practical experience of special forces, troops of Russia and other countries in apprehending criminals (M.V. Gatalsky, M.I. Dyachenko, A.A. Kadochnikov, S. Crawford, YL. Malakhov, M.A. Moskvichev, D. Wiseman, N.V. Cheskidov, R.

Shillingford, W.A. Shlykov and others); works on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions (V.I. Andreychuk, A.F. Anenkov, G.N. Blakhin, A.N. Bleer, I.L. Borshchov, M.A. Bratin, I.I. Velikson , I.S. Grigoriev, I.A. Dvoryak, V.M. Milenin, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, R. Shillingford, etc. ; works on the theory and methodology of aikido (G.N. Agafonov, R. Brand, B.V. Voronin, S.N. Gvozdev, A.B. Kachan, S. Mistsugi, T. Nobuyoshi, etc.) and other martial arts (S. M. Ashkinazi, K. Wennan, S. G. Gagonin, G. K. Gagua, E. A. Gatkin, K. Gil, G. John, A. B. Zakharov, A. A. Kadochnikov, D. Kano, A. A. Karasev, X. Kim Sang, M. Luysin, M. Nakayama, A.I. Retyunskikh, V.A. Starchenkov, A.A. E.M. Chumakov, H.H. Choi, S. Culin, D.F. Draeger, V.A. Haines, M. Oyama, C. Shioda, D.T.

The regulatory framework for the study was: Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated July 10, 1992 N 3266-1; Instructions for the organization and content of the work of physical education departments of higher educational institutions. The instructions were approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education dated July 26, 1994 No. 777; Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the Federal Target Program for the Development of Education for 2011-2015” dated 02/07/2011 No. 61; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia “On the organization of the process of physical education in educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher professional education” dated December 1, 1999 No. 1025; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia “On approval of state educational standards of higher professional education” dated

03/02/2000 No. 686; Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation OT

05/15/2001 N 510 (as amended on 05/20/2003) “On introducing changes and additions to the manual on physical training for employees of internal affairs bodies”, approved by order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated July 29, 1996 No. 412; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia “On improving the process of physical education in educational institutions of the Russian Federation” dated July 16, 2002 No. 2715/227/166/19; Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation” dated April 29, 1999 No. 80-FZ.

To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of pedagogical, psychological, special, scientific and methodological literature and program and regulatory documents, pedagogical testing,

psychodiagnostics, expert assessment, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.

Experimental base of the study. The organization and conduct of the formative pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of

FSBEI HPE "Mari State University". 150 students of the specialty “Jurisprudence” took part in the experiment.

At the second stage (2009-2010), the place and role of professionally applied physical training was determined based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students; the pedagogical potential of aikido was determined as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties at universities; the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido were identified; an experimental research base was selected.

At the third stage (2010-2011), a set of diagnostic materials was selected and tested to identify the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido; the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido were experimentally substantiated; the dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido were revealed.

At the fourth stage (2011-2012), the data from the pedagogical experiment was compiled in the form of scientific articles, guidelines, dissertations and abstracts, and the research results were introduced into teaching practice.

The scientific novelty of the research results is as follows:

The place and role of professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students has been determined. Professional applied physical training based on the use of aikido is one of the most important components

professional competence of university legal students. It forms and develops in students of legal specialties of universities professionally significant properties and personality traits necessary for their future professional activities.

The pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for law students of universities has been revealed. Aikido promotes the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, agility, neutralizing and detaining the enemy. The identified personality traits and qualities are necessary for law students at universities for their future professional activities.

Pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido have been identified and scientifically substantiated: the formation of students of legal specialties of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido.

The theoretical significance of the research results is that it makes a certain contribution to the theory and methodology of vocational education. The results obtained expand and deepen the existing knowledge about the place and role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students; about the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties at universities; about the pedagogical conditions of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

The practical significance of the research results lies in the fact that the application of the theoretical principles and conclusions of the conducted research in the educational process of a university makes it possible to increase the level of professionally applied physical training of law students at universities.

Methodological instructions developed by the author “Physical culture in the professional training of law students”, the course “Professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”, diagnostic materials for identifying the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido , as well as the theoretical principles and conclusions contained in the dissertation, can be used to improve professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities, universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, military universities, universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service and other educational institutions that provide professional training to students for law enforcement activities. Another area of ​​application is the training system for law enforcement officers.

Main provisions submitted for defense:

3. The pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of law students of universities based on the use of aikido are: the formation of a positive attitude among law students of universities to professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional

applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido.

The validity of the main provisions and conclusions of the dissertation research is ensured by the consistent and logically consistent implementation of the conceptual provisions of materialist dialectics and the activity-based approach to the study of professionally significant properties and qualities of the individual, based on the theory of the competency-based approach to professional training, on the theory and methodology of professional-applied physical training of law students specialties of universities, for work on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions, for work on the theory and methods of teaching aikido and other types of martial arts.

The reliability of the results is ensured by the use of a set of scientific research methods that are adequate to its subject and goals, the results of experimental work with the participation of a sufficient sample of subjects, and the correct use of mathematical statistics methods for the quantitative analysis of experimental data.

Testing and implementation of research results. The main provisions and results of the dissertation research were reported and discussed at meetings of the Department of Physical Culture, Department of Theory and Methodology of Technology and Professional Education of the Mari State University; at the All-Russian remote scientific and practical conference “Physical culture, sports and health” (Yoshkar-Ola, 2004-2006); at the All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Problems of teacher education: history and modernity” (Yoshkar-Ola, 2011); at the All-Russian practical conference “Innovative approaches and modern technologies in professional training in universities of physical education and preparing students for participation in Russian and international competitions” (Kazan, 2011).

The main provisions and conclusions of the study are reflected in ten publications, including scientific fortune-telling recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.

Structure of the dissertation work. The dissertation is presented on 222 pages and consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references, and appendices. The work contains 33 tables. The bibliography includes 167 titles, including 11 in foreign languages.

The introduction substantiates the relevance, problem, goal, object, subject, hypothesis, objectives and methods of research, its scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance; the content of the stages of work is revealed, the main provisions submitted for defense are given; Theoretical and methodological foundations, legal framework and experimental basis of the study, information on the reliability of the research results, testing and implementation of its results are presented.

The first chapter of the dissertation “Theoretical foundations of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido” examines the concept of professional competence of university law students and determines the place and role of professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of law students universities

Competence is an integral personal characteristic of a person (I.A. Zimnyaya, I.A. Posunko). As an essential specific feature of competence, the features of its relationship to the activity carried out by a person are highlighted (Yu.G. Tatur, A.A. Tutolmin). Some scientists draw attention to the fact that competence is the result of education (I.A. Zimnyaya, V.D. Shadrikov). In accordance with the competency-based approach (V.I. Bidenko, I.A. Zimnyaya, Yu.G. Tatur, A.B. Khutorskoy, V.D. Shadrikov), the goal of vocational education is the formation of professional competence as a set of versatile competencies that allow one to act effectively in various situations of professional activity.

The professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities is characterized as an integral characteristic of the individual, including the knowledge, skills, abilities, abilities and motivational-value attitude towards the content and results of future professional activity formed as a result of education, and determining the success of its implementation. Competence is a structural element of professional competence that determines the success of certain aspects of professional activity. The totality of competence determines the level and dynamics of development of professional competence.

Professional-applied physical training is understood as a specialized type of physical education, carried out in accordance with the requirements and characteristics of a given profession (B.S. Kuznetsov, Zh.K. Kholodov), and is mandatory

component of professional education at a university. In accordance with the requirements and characteristics of future professional activity, professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido is an integral part of the professional competence of university law students. The role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university law students is that it forms and develops professionally significant properties and personality traits necessary for their future professional activities.

The first chapter also discusses the purpose, objectives and content of physical training, problems of improving professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

The current practice of physical training of law students at universities does not fully ensure the proper level of physical readiness to perform service and combat missions. Most students cannot meet physical training standards, do not fully master hand-to-hand combat techniques, and in extreme situations, most of them show confusion and helplessness, and are inferior in strength and dexterity. To overcome the current situation, it is recommended to focus professional applied physical training on the development of such abilities as efficiency, logical thinking, attention properties, emotional stability (V.P. Cherginets), volitional qualities (Yu.A. Makhov), and the development of basic physical abilities , training in the basics of hand-to-hand combat techniques and overcoming obstacles (N.I. Kashin), to develop physical qualities and professional motor skills, to increase stress resistance in critical situations of professional activity (A.B. Druzhinin, D.A. Samsonov), to ensure readiness for action according to the scheme: search - pursuit - forceful detention - fire defeat (V.I. Kosyachenko), on the formation of physical and mental readiness for the successful implementation of operational and official tasks, the skillful use of physical force, combat techniques and special means in suppressing illegal actions, as well as ensuring their high performance in the process of official activities (D.A. Rukavishnikov), on the formation of a personal security strategy (S.Yu. Makhov), which is considered as a process of managing a set of adequate actions, methods of physical and mental influence, methods of intellectual counteraction to aggressive attacks on a person, carried out in order to create conditions for neutralization

the future lawyer of problematic situations and the development of his readiness to ensure personal safety.

As a means of professional applied physical training, it is proposed to use a set of special situational game tasks (V.P. Cherginets), a program of situational lessons, including basic means and methods of military applied sports (N.V. Volkova), educational tasks in simulated conditions and situations of detention of offenders (O.A. Kozlyatnikov), combat (A.G. Popov) and professional (D.A. Rukavishnikov, S.Yu. Makhov) activities, under the influence of confusing factors (V.I. Kosyachenko).

It is recommended to determine the quality of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities by emotional-volitional, value-motivational, cognitive, operational-technological, functional and activity criteria. The degree of their formation determines the level of their mental and physical readiness to perform operational and service tasks (D.A. Rukavishnikov, S.Yu. Makhov).

One of the objectives of the study is to determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for law students at universities.

The hieroglyphic spelling of the word “aikido” consists of three hieroglyphs: “Ai” - means love, harmony; “Ki” - internal, spiritual energy; “Before” is the way. “Aiki” means the influence of a strong-willed person on a weak-willed person to completely immobilize the latter (S.A. Gvozdev). Aikido spread mainly among a very limited circle of intellectuals and high-ranking officials and never reached the general public.

The uniqueness of aikido lies in its pronounced defensive nature, using all the natural capabilities of the human body to neutralize and detain the enemy (G.N. Agafonov); in providing combat techniques to neutralize the enemy, using attack force and the principle of non-infliction of physical damage (A. Westbrook, O. Ratgi, ML. Karpova); in the absence of competition; the presence of a training system suitable for people of any age, gender and physical ability (D.F. Draeger).

The structure of aikido classes is built in accordance with the natural order of changes in the performance of students, specific patterns of training and education at a university (A.B. Kachan). The goal of aikido training is to develop a person’s ability to harmoniously overcome interpersonal conflicts that arise in everyday life. Mastering the technique of aikido motor actions is directly related to the formation of techniques for neutralizing and detaining an enemy, the development of mental stability, improving health and

development of physical qualities: flexibility, reaction speed, agility, endurance, increase in physical strength (R. Brand, A.A. Kadochnikov, S.H. Kim, E.M. Chumakov).

Aikido promotes the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, agility, neutralizing and detaining the enemy. The identified personality traits and qualities are necessary for law students at universities for their future professional activities.

Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature presented in the first chapter, we can highlight the following pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido: the formation of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido among students of legal specialties of universities application of aikido as a personally significant activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido.

In the second chapter, “Experimental testing of the use of aikido in professional-applied physical training of university law students,” in accordance with the purpose and hypothesis of the study, the following particular tasks were consistently solved in experimental work: 1) select and test a set of diagnostic materials to identify the level of professional applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido; 2) experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido; 3) to identify the dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido.

To solve the problems, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of pedagogical, psychological, special, scientific and methodological literature and program and regulatory documents, pedagogical testing, psychodiagnostics, expert assessment, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics.

The theoretically identified pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido were experimentally substantiated.

The first pedagogical condition - the formation among law students of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity - is carried out taking into account the following principles: the unity and interrelation of professional-applied and general physical training; associated development of special physical qualities and the formation of motor skills and skills of pursuit, neutralization and detention of the “offender”; unity and interconnection of developed physical and mental qualities; high professional competence of the teacher in the field of martial art of Aikido.

The second pedagogical condition - the development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional-applied physical training of university students of legal specialties based on the use of aikido” - is carried out by the development of a program that includes the goal, objectives, content, technology, ensuring an increase in the level of professional-applied physical training students of legal specialties of universities, and implementation in the educational process in classes in the academic discipline “Physical Education”.

The third pedagogical condition - systematic monitoring of the level of professionally applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido - is carried out in the organization and conduct of a formative pedagogical experiment on the basis of the Mari State University. 150 students of the specialty “Jurisprudence” took part in the experiment. Professional applied physical training of the control and experimental groups was carried out within the framework of the academic discipline “Physical Culture”. Training sessions for both groups were conducted twice a week for two academic hours. Professional applied physical training of subjects in the control group was carried out on the basis of traditional approaches to it, the means of which were training exercises from the arsenal of athletics, skiing, and sports games. Professional-applied physical training of the subjects of the experimental group was carried out according to the experimental program of the course “Professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido” developed by us (section 2.2 of this work). Everyone has

subjects at the beginning and after completion of the pedagogical experiment, we measured and assessed indicators of personality traits and qualities based on the use of pedagogical testing, psychodiagnostics, and expert assessment. Pedagogical testing was used to assess the general level of physical condition of the subjects at different stages of training. The level of development of strength qualities was determined using test exercises “Bending-extension of arms”, “Raising-lowering of the body”, “Hanging on the crossbar”. The level of development of speed-strength qualities was determined using the test exercise “Standing long jump”. The level of flexibility development was determined using the test exercise “Bending the torso forward.” The level of endurance development was determined using the test exercise “Running 1000 m”. Based on the data obtained, the general level of physical condition of the subjects was determined. Psychodiagnostics was used to identify indicators of the subjects’ personality traits and qualities. Indicators of the mental qualities of the subjects were measured using generally accepted psychodiagnostic techniques. The level of development of volitional qualities (purposefulness, courage and determination, perseverance and perseverance, endurance and self-control, independence and initiative), neuropsychic stability, anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness, rigidity, internality and externality was determined. We used expert assessment to assess the quality of the subjects’ performance of neutralizing and apprehending the “offender.” Indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” were measured and assessed based on the results of counterattack actions from various variants of the “offender’s” attack. The average amount of points scored by the subject when performing counterattack actions in 10 situations was taken into account.

A comparative analysis of the studied indicators of the subjects’ properties and personality traits before the experiment did not reveal significant differences between the data of both groups of subjects. The exception is the indicators of initiative and independence, which were significantly higher (P = 0.022) for subjects in the control group (37.44 versus 33.68 points for subjects in the experimental group). In general, we can assume that both samples of subjects were relatively homogeneous in terms of the characteristics and personality traits of the subjects at the beginning of the pedagogical experiment.

Table 1

Rates of growth in indicators of personality traits and qualities of subjects in the control and experimental groups

Properties and qualities of personality Rate of growth in indicators of properties and qualities of personality P

control group experimental group

Volitional qualities, points

Purposefulness 1.92±6D5 1.12±5.12 0.623

Courage and determination -0.10±4.96 3.80±4.28 0.016

Perseverance and perseverance -0.04±6.06 1.00±5.25 0.520

Initiative and independence -0.20±4.86 0.56±4.18 0.556

Composure and composure 0.30±4.43 2.70±3.16 0.047

Neuropsychic stability, points

Overall rating | -0.32±1.14 1 0.72±1.17 1 0.003

Self-assessment of mental states, points

Anxiety -0.24±2.67 -1.68±2.64 0.061

Frustration -0.44*3.03 -1.88±2.83 0.108

Aggression -0.52±3.16 -0.48±2.47 0.960

Rigidity -0.84±3.92 -0.80±3.14 0.968

Level of subjective control, points

Internality 0.16±2.21 0.64±4.36 0.626

Externality -1.08±3.95 -0.60±3.42 0.648

Physical qualities

Strength quality (flexion - extension of arms, times) 10.76±7.91 12.64±6.76 0.371

Speed-power quality (standing long jump, cm) 10.88±10.40 14.44±7.90 0.179

Strength quality (raising and lowering the body in 30 s, times) 4.44±3.96 8.08±5DZ 0.008

Strength quality (hanging on the bar, s) -2.08±8.57 7.96±7.54<0,001

Flexibility (torso tilt forward, cm) 3.84*4.20 732±5.14 0.012

Endurance (1000 m run, s) -4.52±20.55 -15.68±18.93 0.051

General level of physical condition 0.12±0.12 0.26±0.09<0,001

The growth rates of indicators of personality traits and qualities of subjects of both groups in the experiment differ significantly (Table 1). The subjects of the experimental group had higher rates of growth in the following indicators: courage and determination: 3.80 versus -0.10 points (P = 0.016); endurance and self-control: 2.70 versus 0.30 points (P=0.047); neuropsychic stability: 0.72 versus -0.32 points

(P=0.003). The subjects of the experimental group showed a greater decrease in indicators: anxiety: -1.68 versus -0.24 (P = 0.061); frustration: -1.88 versus -0.44 points (P=0.108).

The physical condition indicators of the experimental group subjects increased by 0.26 points, which is significantly higher (P<0,001) темпов прироста этого показателя у испытуемых контрольной группы - на 0,12 балла: результаты в тестовом упражнении «Поднимание-опускание туловища» показывают повышение силовых качеств у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 8,08 против 4,44 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р=0,008); результаты в тестовом упражнении «Вис на перекладине» показывают повышение силовых качеств у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 7,96 против -2,08 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р<0,001); результаты в тестовом упражнении «Бег 1000 м» показывают повышение качества выносливости у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 15,68 против 4,52 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р=0,051); результаты в тестовом упражнении «Наклон туловища вперед» показывают повышение качества гибкости у испытуемых экспериментальной группы на 7,32 против 3,84 у испытуемых контрольной группы (Р=0,012).

table 2

Indicators of the quality of neutralization and detention of the “offender” by control and

Variants of attacking actions of the “offender” from the “standing on his feet” position Indicators of the quality of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” p

1. Grabbing the hand with the same hand from the side 2, 16±0.86 2, 36±0.72 0.897

2. Grabbing the hand with the opposite hand from the side 2.44±0.77 2.28±0.63 0.786

3. Rear grasp with two hands 1.64±0.54 1.56±0.48 0.657

4. Hit to the head with the edge of the palm from the front 2.12±0.68 2.08±0.51 0.698

5. Hit to the head with a stick from the front 1, 12±046 1.24±0.75 0.942

6. Punch to the stomach with a fist from the front 2.04±0.96 2.00±0.59 0.768

7. A blow to the stomach with a knife from the front 1.32±0.54 1D4±0.65 0.876

8. Threat with a pistol point blank from the front 1.12±0.80 1.1 “±0.59 0.987

9. Point-blank threat with a pistol from the side 1.40±0.42 1.32±0.68 0.856

10. Threat with a pistol point-blank from behind 1.12±0.71 1.08±0.4b 0.902

Average score 1.26±0.75 1D0±0.60 0.769

A comparative analysis of the quality indicators of the neutralization and detention of the “offender” by the subjects of the control and experimental groups for the neutralization and detention of the “offender” before the experiment (Table 2) did not reveal significant differences: the subjects of the control group received an average score of 1.26 points; experimental group subjects -

1.20 points (P=0.769). These data indicate that the majority of subjects are not able to effectively neutralize and detain the “offender.”

After the experiment, the quality indicators of neutralizing and detaining the “offender” among subjects in the control group increased by 0.32 points and reached a value of 1.58 points (Table 3). The differences between the initial and final indicators are not significant (P>0.05).

A more significant increase was observed among subjects in the experimental group - by 1.64 points. Their quality indicator for neutralizing and detaining the “offender” was close to three points (2.84 points). This means that the majority of subjects in this group were able to neutralize the “offender” with various counterattack actions within 20 s, but were not able to hold him in a prone position within 25 s. The differences between the growth rates of quality indicators for neutralizing and detaining an “offender” by subjects in the control and experimental groups are significant (P<0,001).

Table 3

Indicators of the quality of neutralization and detention of the “offender” by subjects of the control and experimental groups after the experiment, points (X ± 5)

Options for attacking actions of the “offender” from the “standing on his feet” position

1. Grabbing the hand with the same hand from the side

2. Grabbing the arm with the opposite hand from the side

3. Two-handed grasp from behind

4. Hit the head with the edge of the palm from the front

5. Hit to the head with a stick from the front_

Indicators of the quality of neutralization and detention of the “offender”

6. Punch to the stomach from the front

7. Stab in the stomach with a knife from the front

8. Threatening you with a pistol at point-blank range from the front

9. Point-blank threat with a pistol from the side

10. Threatening you with a gun at point-blank range from behind

Average score

There are also significant differences in the quality indicators of the neutralization and detention of the “offender” of the subjects of both groups, observed after the experiment (R<0,001).

So, we carried out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido, as a result of which we identified the dynamics of professional-applied

physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido during and after the experiment. The monitoring results showed a significant increase in the growth rate of indicators of personality traits and qualities among students: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, quality of neutralization and detention of the “offender”.

The conducted research does not exhaust all aspects of the identified problem. Promising directions for further research of the problem is to study the problem of improving professionally applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido through the prism of a competency-based approach and the formation of relevant competencies in future lawyers. Also, a promising direction for studying this problem may be the issue of improving technologies for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties at universities.

In conclusion, the results of the study are summed up, confirming her hypothesis and the provisions put forward for defense. The results of the study allow us to formulate the following conclusions:

1. Professional applied physical training based on the use of aikido is one of the most important components of the professional competence of university law students. It forms and develops in students of legal specialties of universities professionally significant properties and personality traits necessary for their future professional activities.

2. The pedagogical potential of the martial art of Aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties of universities is manifested in the fact that Aikido contributes to the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed , endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, agility, neutralizing and detaining the enemy. The identified personality traits and qualities are necessary for law students at universities for their future professional activities.

3. Pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido have been identified:

Formation of a positive attitude towards professional and applied physical science among students of legal specialties of universities

training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity;

Development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”;

conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido.

4. It is substantiated that a positive attitude towards professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity is formed taking into account the following principles:

Unity and interconnection of professional-applied and general physical training;

Associated development of physical qualities and formation of motor skills and skills of pursuit, neutralization and detention of the “offender”;

Unity and interrelationships in the development of personality traits and qualities;

High professional competence of the teacher in the field of martial art of Aikido.

5. An experimental program for the course “Professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of Aikido” was developed and introduced into the educational process. The program includes the goal, objectives, content, technology, ensuring an increase in the level of professional and applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.

6. The dynamics of increasing the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido during and after the experiment were revealed. The monitoring results showed a significant increase in the growth rate of indicators of personality traits and qualities among students: courage and determination, endurance and self-control, neuropsychic stability, speed, endurance, strength and speed-strength qualities, dexterity, quality of neutralization and detention of the “offender.”

7. The implementation of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido led to an increase in the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido. The hypothesis put forward was confirmed, the research problems were solved.

Articles in peer-reviewed scientific publications recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

1. Mironov, A.G. Pedagogical conditions for improving professional applied physical training of future lawyers based on the use of aikido / A.G. Mironov // Education and self-development. - 2011. - No. 5 (27). - pp. 64-69. (0.4 p.l.)

2. Mironov, A.G. Formation of professional competence of a lawyer in the process of special physical training at a university / A.G. Mironov // Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after. AND I. Yakovleva. - 2011. - No. 1 (69). - Part 2. -S. 120-123. (0.3 p.l.)

3. Mironov, A.G. Characteristics of aikido as a type of Japanese martial art and means of physical education / A.G. Mironov // Bulletin of the Chuvash State Pedagogical University named after. AND I. Yakovleva. - 2011. - No. 3 (71). - Part 1. - pp. 126-133. (0.5 p.l.)

Publications in other scientific publications

4. Mironov, A.G. Aikido in the system of physical training of students / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sport, health: collection of scientific articles; edited by MM. Polevshchikova. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2004. - P. 4345. (0.2 pp.)

5. Mironov, A.G. Studying the basics of aikido technique / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sport, health: Collection of scientific articles / Ed. MM. Polevshchikova. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2005. - pp. 67-71. (0.3 p.l.)

6. Mironov, A.G. Physiological characteristics of the mechanism and patterns of development of physical qualities in humans in the martial art of Aikido / A.G. Mironov // Physical culture, sport, health: materials of the All-Russian remote scientific and practical conference; edited by MM. Polevshchikov. - Yoshkar-Ola: MGPI, 2006. -S. 40-44. (0.3 p.l.)

7. Mironov, A.G. Improving the professional competence of lawyers working in law enforcement agencies as a target for professional-applied physical training in the process of studying at a university / A.G. Mironov / Pedagogical process at the university: collection. scientific articles; resp. ed. Pavlov I.V. - Cheboksary: ​​Chuvash, state. ped. univ., 2010.-S. 74-81. (0.5 p.l.)

8. Mironov, A.G. Personal and activity approaches to determining the essence of professional competence / G.L. Drandrov, A.G. Mironov, E.Sh. Zeinutdinova // Personality as a subject of innovation: collection of scientific works; scientific ed. M.V. Volkova - Cheboksary: ​​Research Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology, 2010. - P. 35-41. (0.4/0.1 p.l.)

9. Mironov, A.G. Physical culture in the professional training of law students: methodological instructions / A.G. Mironov. -Yoshkar-Ola: Mar. state univ., 2011. - 59 p. (3.7 p.l.)

10. Mironov, A.G. Formation of psychophysical readiness of law school students for law enforcement activities based on the use of aikido / A.G. Mironov // Innovative approaches and modern technologies in vocational training in universities of physical education and preparing students for participation in Russian and international competitions: materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference. - Kazan: Povolzhskaya GAFKSiT, 2011. - pp. 71-74. (0.3 p.l.)

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Text of the dissertation author of the scientific work: candidate of pedagogical sciences, Mironov, Alexey Gennadievich, Yoshkar-Ola

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As a manuscript

MIRONOV Alexey Gennadievich

IMPROVEMENT OF PROFESSIONAL AND APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF LEGAL SPECIALTIES BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF Aikido

13.00.08 - theory and methodology of vocational education

DISSERTATION for the academic degree of Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences

Scientific supervisor Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor Komelina V.A.

YOSHKAR-OLA - 2012

INTRODUCTION........................................................ ....................................3

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PROFESSIONAL AND APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF UNIVERSITY LEGAL SPECIALTIES BASED ON APPLICATION

AIKIDO................................................. ......................................15

1.1. Characteristics of professionally applied physical training in the content of professional competence of students of legal specialties of universities................................................... ....................................15

1.2. The current state of the scientific solution to the problem of improving professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities.................................................... ........................................................ .....45

1.3. Characteristics of aikido as a type of Japanese martial art and a means of professionally applied physical training for law students

university specialties........................................................ ........................62

Conclusions on the first chapter................................................... .......................80

CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENTAL CHECKING THE APPLICATION OF Aikido IN PROFESSIONAL APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF LEGAL SPECIALTIES...................................82

2.1. Experimental work program...................................................82

2.2. Experimental work to improve the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido...................................... ........................88

2.3. Monitoring the level of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the application

aikido........................................................ ........................................^^

Conclusions on the second chapter.................................................. ....................118

CONCLUSION................................................. ...............................120

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................ ...................123

APPLICATION................................................. ...............................139

INTRODUCTION

Relevance of the problem. The strategic goal of modern professional education is the formation of professional competence as a set of versatile competencies of university graduates, which provide the opportunity to successfully act in numerous situations of professional activity, to effectively implement acquired knowledge, skills and abilities, professionally significant qualities in the creative solution of non-standard professional problems (V.I. Andreev , O.P. Volkova, I.A. Zimnyaya, V.V. Khutorskoy, V.D. This fully applies to law students at universities. Therefore, the content of professional education of students of legal specialties at universities with a competency-based approach should be based on an orientation towards the formation of key competencies in all areas of their professional activity. A significant contribution to achieving this goal should be made by professionally applied physical training, which is a mandatory component of vocational education at a university and is based on the implementation of one of the most important principles of the pedagogical system - the principle of an organic connection between physical education and work practice.

Traditional approaches to professional-applied physical training of law students at universities do not sufficiently take into account the specific content of their future professional activities. Naturally, this affects not only the success of their professional activities, but also, no less important, limits their ability to survive in extreme conditions.

The professional activity of university law students is extremely risky. In particular, in the Russian Federation in 1995, 470 law enforcement officers were killed and 1,750 were injured in the line of duty in law enforcement agencies (N.V. Cheskidov). In recent years these

indicators are constantly increasing, which indicates a deterioration in the criminal situation in the country. An analysis of the content of law enforcement activity shows that the success of any operation to suppress illegal actions depends on the degree of formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits. Failure to use weapons and self-defense techniques lead to the death of law enforcement officers (P.P. Mikheev). Most often, young employees die when arresting offenders.

One of the main reasons for the risk of professional activity of legal students is the low level of professional-applied physical training at the university.

The degree of development of the problem. Issues of improving professional applied physical training, ensuring the survival of specialists in extreme conditions of professional activity, have been the subject of many studies.

Currently, the problem of improving professional-applied physical training of students of military universities (V.I. Andreychuk, I.L. Borshchov, I.I. Velikson, M.I. Dyachenko, etc.), intelligence universities (Ya.Ya. Malakhov), law enforcement universities (A.B. Antonov, V.V. Krugov, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, D.A. Rukavishnikov, A.Yu. Syrnikov, H.B. Cheskidov, etc. ) and other legal schools (S. Crawford, S.Yu. Makhov, J. Wiseman, R. Shillingford,

V.A. Shlykov and others).

The authors of most works note that the current practice of professionally applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities does not fully solve the problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits that are essential for their future professional activities (V.A. Komelina, A. N. Kopeikin, V.G. Lupyr, S.I. Utkin, N.V. Shlykov and others).

In accordance with the conceptual provisions of the synergetic approach, solving problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and qualities of an individual can be and is carried out in practice through the use of various means of professionally applied physical training (O.N. Astafieva, G.L. Drandrov).

One of the effective, in our opinion, means of professionally applied physical training for law students at universities is the holistic application of the Japanese martial art of Aikido. The use of the martial art of Aikido in professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities best solves the problems of the formation and development of professionally significant properties and personality traits that are essential for their future professional activities. The decisive factors in developing fortitude in the martial art of Aikido are concentration and meditation, aimed at performing extremely precise movements and developing a person’s ability to instantly react to any movement of an opponent. The cultivation of self-control, sobriety of thought and composure in Aikido is accompanied by

physical training.

Meanwhile, the analysis of scientific and methodological literature indicates that the problem of improving professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido has not yet been the subject of

scientific research.

The following contradiction arises between the socially and personally determined need to increase the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities, on the one hand, and the insufficient development of a set of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido, on the other hand. From this contradiction

The research problem follows: what are the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido?

The revealed contradiction, insufficient knowledge and relevance of the problem determined the choice of the research topic: “Improving professionally applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido.”

The purpose of the study is to identify, theoretically and experimentally substantiate the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities on the basis

application of aikido.

The object of the study is the system of professional-applied physical training of university students of legal specialties.

The subject of the research is the process of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties based on the use of aikido in the conditions of higher professional education.

Research hypothesis. The level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido can be increased if the following pedagogical conditions are implemented:

Formation of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training among students of legal specialties at universities based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity;

Development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”;

Carrying out systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido.

In accordance with the purpose and hypothesis, the following tasks were solved in the study:

To determine the place and role of professionally applied physical training based on the use of aikido in the content of professional competence of university legal students;

determine the pedagogical potential of aikido as a means of professionally applied physical training for law students

university specialties;

to identify, scientifically substantiate and experimentally test the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido: the formation of students of legal specialties of universities of a positive attitude towards professional-applied physical training based on the use of aikido as a personally significant type of activity; development and implementation of an experimental program for the course “Professional applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido”; conducting systematic monitoring of the level of professional-applied physical training of law students at universities based on the use of aikido.

The methodological basis of the study was the conceptual provisions of materialist dialectics and the activity approach to the study of professionally significant properties and qualities of a person (V.I. Bidenko, J.I.C. Vygotsky, V.M. Zatsiorsky, E.F. Zeer, V.A. Komelina , A.N. Leontyev, S.L. Rubinshtein, V.P. Cherginets, N.V. Cheskidov, O.L. theory of the competency-based approach to professional training (V.I. Andreev, V.N. Vvedensky, O.P. Volkova, L.V. Golikova, V.N. Grishchenko, R.V. Turina, I.A. Zimnyaya, A V. Petrov, I.A. Rozenova, V.G. Tatur, S.N. and etc.)

The theoretical basis of the study was the work on the theory and methodology of professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities (A.B. Antonov, A.B. Druzhinin, N.I. Kashin, O.A. Kozlyatnikov, A.N. Kopeikin, V.I. Kosyachenko, V.V. Krugov, V.G. Lupyr, S.Yu. Makhov, Yu.F. Podlipnyak, D.A. S.I. Utkin, V.V. Yanshin, etc.) and employees of law enforcement agencies (A.A. Volkov, I.S. Grigoriev, O.A. Maltseva, P.P. Mikheev, M.A. Moskvichev, O.A. Nevzorov, S.B. Nepomnyashchy, V.V. Orlov, D.A. Samsonov, etc.); works summarizing the practical experience of special forces, troops of Russia and other countries in apprehending criminals (M.V. Gatalsky, M.I. Dyachenko, A.A. Kadochnikov, S. Crawford, Y.Y. Malakhov, M.A. Moskvichev, D. Wiseman, N.V. Cheskidov, R. Shillingford, V.A. Shlykov, etc.); works on the problems of human survival in extreme conditions (V.I. Andreychuk, A.F. Anenkov, G.N. Blakhin, A.N. Bleer, I.L. Borshchov, M.A. Bragin, I.I. Velikson , I.S. Grigoriev, I.A. Dvoryak, V.M. Milenin, Y.F. Podlipnyak, R. Shillingford .); works on the theory and methodology of aikido (G.N. Agafonov, R. Brand, B.V. Voronin, S.N. Gvozdev, A.B. Kachan, S. Mistsugi, T. Nobuyoshi, etc.) and other martial arts (S. M. Ashkinazi, K. Wennan, S. G. Gagonin, G. K. Gagua, E. A. Gatkin, K. Gil, G. John, A. B. Zakharov, A. A. Kadochnikov, D. Kano, A. A. Karasev, X. Kim Sang, M. Luysin, M. Nakayama, A.I. Retyunskikh, V.A. Starchenkov, A.A. E.M. Chumakov, H.H. Choi, S. Culin, D.F. Draeger, B.A. Haines, M. Oyama, D.T.

The regulatory framework for the study was: Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” dated July 10, 1992 N 3266-1; Instructions for the organization and content of the work of physical education departments of higher educational institutions. The instructions were approved by order of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Higher Education dated July 26, 1994 No. 777; Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the Federal Target Program

development of education for 2011-2015" dated 02/07/2011 No. 61; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia “On the organization of the process of physical education in educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher professional education” dated December 1, 1999 No. 1025; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia “On approval of state educational standards of higher professional education” dated March 2, 2000 No. 686; Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation dated May 15, 2001 N 510 (as amended on May 20, 2003) “On introducing changes and additions to the manual on physical training for employees of internal affairs bodies”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated July 29, 1996 No. 412; Order of the Ministry of Education of Russia “On improving the process of physical education in educational institutions of the Russian Federation” dated July 16, 2002 No. 2715/227/166/19; Federal Law “On Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation” dated April 29, 1999 No. 80-FZ.

Experimental base of the study. The organization and conduct of the formative pedagogical experiment was carried out on the basis of the Mari State University. 150 students of the specialty “Jurisprudence” took part in the experiment.

In organizing research, taking into account the tasks to be solved, four qualitatively different stages are conventionally distinguished.

At the first stage (2008-2009), based on the analysis and synthesis of literature on the research topic, contradictions in the traditional practice of professional-applied physical training of university law students were identified, the problem and purpose of the study were formulated, its object and subject were determined, a working hypothesis for the study was developed, The research objectives and scientific methods adequate to them were determined.

At the second stage (2009-2010), the place and role of professional-applied physical training was determined based on the use of aikido in the content of students’ professional competence

legal specialties of universities; the pedagogical potential of aikido was determined as a means of professionally applied physical training for students of legal specialties at universities; the pedagogical conditions for professional-applied physical training of students of legal specialties of universities based on the use of aikido were identified; an experimental research base was selected.

At the third stage (2010-2011), a set of diagnostic materials was selected and tested to identify the level of professional-applied physical training of university law students based on the use of aikido; the pedagogical conditions of the professional were experimentally substantiated

2.7 .Professional applied physical training of students

2.7.1. PPPP in the system of physical education of students

In the conditions of scientific and technological progress, the problem of the relationship between the means of physical education and the educational activities of students acquires important economic significance, which consists in the use of physical education to prepare for specific professional work and increase its productivity. In this regard, professional-applied physical training acquires special importance in the system of physical education of students.

Professional applied physical training– this is a specially targeted and selective use of physical education means to prepare for a specific professional activity. The purpose of PPFP is psychophysical readiness for successful professional activities.

The specific tasks of students’ PPPP are determined by the characteristics of their future professional activities and are to:

Form the necessary applied knowledge;

Master applied skills and abilities;

To develop applied physical qualities.

Applied knowledge has a direct connection with future professional activities, which students receive in lecture classes in the course “Physical Education”. Knowledge about the patterns of achieving and maintaining high professional performance in work is of great practical importance.

Applied skills and abilities ensure rapid mastery of necessary labor operations, safety at home and when performing certain types of work.

Applied physical qualities– this is a list of physical qualities necessary for each professional group that can be developed when playing various sports.

It is possible to develop special qualities in the process of physical therapy not only with the help of specially selected exercises, but also with regular exercises in appropriate (applied) sports in each case. One should also keep in mind the features of the so-called nonspecific human adaptation. It has been established that a well-physically developed and trained person acclimatizes faster to a new area, tolerates low and high temperatures more easily, is more resistant to various types of infections, penetrating radiation, etc.

When solving specific problems of professional-applied physical training of future specialists, one should pay attention to the fact that such training is carried out in close connection with general physical training, which is the basis of the practical section of the academic discipline “Physical Culture” at a university. At the same time, general physical training alone cannot fully solve the problems of special training for a specific profession.

Professional applied physical training should be based on good general physical preparedness of students. The ratio of general and vocational-applied training may vary depending on the profession. For representatives of humanitarian professions, good general physical fitness is quite sufficient for psychophysical readiness for a future profession. In other cases (legal, technical specialties, etc.), general physical training cannot provide the required level of readiness for professional work. This necessarily requires special and extensive professional-applied physical training in all respects, which often requires an independent additional course of physical training in addition to the allotted hours for the discipline “Physical Culture”.

During the educational process, the level of preparedness of students in the section of professional-applied physical training is controlled by special standards, which is specifically stipulated in the curriculum. Typically, these standards differ for students of different faculties and differ depending on the semester and course of study. The level of readiness for PPPP is assessed separately and is included in a comprehensive assessment in the academic discipline “Physical Culture” along with grades for theoretical knowledge, general physical preparedness, methodological and motor skills.

The organization of PPPP for students in universities involves the use of specialized training during academic and extracurricular hours. For this purpose, specialized training groups on PPPP can be organized in the main educational department, and training groups in applied sports can be organized in the sports department. Students studying in a special department master those elements of PPPP that are available to them due to health reasons.

PPP of students during training sessions is carried out in the form of theoretical and practical classes.

PPPP during extracurricular time is necessary for students who have insufficient general and special psychophysical preparedness.

The forms of PPPP during non-school time are as follows:

Sectional classes at the university in applied sports outside the university;

Amateur classes in applied sports outside the university;

Independent studies;

Competitions in applied sports.

One of the forms of PPFP is mass physical education, health and sports events.

2.7.2. Factors that determine students' PPPT

A person’s motor activity and labor activity are determined by such components as muscle strength, endurance, speed, coordination of movements, the ability for concentrated and sustained attention, reaction of choice and other psychophysical qualities. It is generally accepted that all these components, just like professional personality traits, can be trained under certain conditions and limits. The psychophysiological concept of “work activity” is similar in psychophysical components to the concept of “sport”. The fundamental requirements and conditions for their improvement are also similar.

So, the specific content of PPFP is based on the psychophysiological identity of the process and physical culture and sports. Thanks to this identity, individual elements of labor processes can be modeled in physical education and sports classes.

The main factors determining the specific content of PPPP:

Forms (types) of labor of specialists in this profile;

Conditions and nature of work;

Work and rest schedule;

Features of the dynamics of specialists’ performance in the labor process and the specifics of their professional fatigue and morbidity.

Forms (types) of labor. The main forms of labor are physical and mental. The division of labor into “physical” and “mental” is conditional. However, such a division is necessary, because with its help it is easier to study the dynamics of the performance of specialists during the working day, as well as to select means of physical education and sports in order to prepare for the upcoming work in the profession.

Working conditions (duration of working hours, comfort of the production sphere) influence the selection of means of physical culture and sports to achieve high performance and labor activity of a person, and therefore determine the specific content of PPPP of specialists in a certain profession.

Nature of work also defines PPPP, because in order to correctly select and apply means of physical culture and sports, it is important to know what physical and emotional load the specialist is working with, how large the area of ​​his movement is, etc. It should be taken into account that the nature of the work of specialists of the same profile may be different even when working in the same conditions, if they perform different types of professional work and official functions. In such cases, specialists have completely different psychophysical loads, so they need different applied knowledge, skills, and multidirectional recommendations on the use of physical education and sports in work and rest.

Work and rest schedule influences the choice of means of physical education in order to maintain and increase the required level of vital activity and performance. A rational work and rest regime at any enterprise is considered to be one that optimally combines labor efficiency, individual productivity, working capacity and health of workers.

When developing the relevant sections of the PPPP, it is necessary to know and take into account the organizational structure and features of the production process, as well as to conduct a joint analysis of working and non-working time, since there is an objective connection between the main work and human activities in free time.

Performance dynamics specialists in the labor process is an integral factor that determines the specific content of students’ PPFP. In order to model individual elements of the labor process by selecting physical exercises, it is necessary to know the dynamics of the performance of specialists when performing various types of professional work. To do this, you need to build a “curve” of performance based on fixed indicators: after certain periods of time, certain indicators of the performer are measured: the amount of output, time spent on the operation, etc., as well as psychophysiological indicators of pulse, blood pressure, muscle strength , tremor, respiratory rate, indicators of attention, speed, visual-auditory and mental reactions, etc. The performance “curve” is determined for one work shift, and for a work week (month), and for a year of work. It can serve as a beginning in the development of recommendations for the targeted use of physical education means both in the process of physical training and in the work and rest regime.

2.7.3. PPPP means for students

The selection of PPPP tools is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the educational process at each faculty and the specifics of students’ future professional activities.

Students' PPPP funds are classified as follows:

Applied physical exercises and individual elements of various sports;

Applied sports;

The healing forces of nature and hygienic factors;

Auxiliary tools that ensure the quality of the educational process in the PPPP section.

The main means of physical exercise for students is physical exercise. When selecting them, it should be taken into account that their psychophysiological effects correspond to the physical qualities being formed.

Intense mental activity of students during the learning process, combined with insufficient motor activity, leads to a decrease in general and mental performance and health.

The level of mental performance, of course, depends on the state of health and general performance, and a person’s ability to perform mental or physical work for a long time is determined by endurance, determined primarily by the functions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. An important factor determining the improvement of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the young body of students is the optimal combination of mental stress and various means of physical education.

Of the numerous physical exercises, cyclic exercises such as running, walking, hiking, and swimming should be considered the most appropriate and accessible to use. Active and sports games are effective, which are characterized by many cyclic and acyclic movements and high emotionality.

A skillful combination of cyclic exercises with sports games gives positive changes not only in the development of endurance, but also other physical qualities (speed, agility, strength, flexibility).

With an emphasis on the education of physical qualities in the content of training sessions, the volume of special exercises that develop one or more qualities is usually increased, and appropriate educational standards are established. This selection of exercises and elements from individual sports is carried out experimentally on the principle of compliance with their characteristics of professional qualities and motor skills. To do this, first a so-called professionogram is compiled, and then, based on it, a sportsogram (a set of exercises and a set of sports corresponding to a specific profession).

Each sport helps improve certain physical and mental qualities. And if these qualities, abilities and skills mastered during sports improvement coincide with professional ones, then such sports are considered professionally applied.

Elements of competition, associated with increased physical and mental stress, make it possible to widely use sports in the process of professionally applied physical training of students. However, practicing applied sports is not the only way to solve the whole range of issues related to the physical development of students due to insufficient selectivity and incomplete coverage of the tasks of this preparation of a future specialist for any specific profession.

The healing forces of nature and hygienic factors are mandatory means of PPPP for students, especially for the development of special applied qualities that ensure productive work in various geographic and climatic conditions. With the help of specially organized classes, you can achieve increased resistance of the body to cold, heat, solar radiation, and sudden fluctuations in air temperature. The content of such classes is related to training in methods of hardening the body and performing hygienic measures, as well as measures to accelerate recovery processes in the body (special water procedures, various baths, etc.).

Auxiliary means of PPPP that ensure its effectiveness are various simulators, special technical devices and devices with the help of which it is possible to simulate individual conditions and the nature of future professional work.

It is necessary to distinguish between simulators used in classes in the academic discipline “Physical Education” and professional simulators. The fundamental purpose of the former is that with their help, functional foundations are laid, the range of motor skills is expanded, facilitating the rapid development of professional actions, skills and abilities. In professional simulators, it is precisely professional actions and skills that are processed in easier or more complicated conditions, and this is no longer the task of the physical education department, but of the university’s graduating departments.

Currently, a new stage is underway in the development of applied physical culture. This is connected, firstly, with changes in the nature and conditions of modern work, caused by scientific, technical, socio-economic and environmental processes, and secondly, with modern problems of social practice of physical culture.

Vocational applied physical training (APPT) is one of the main directions in the system of physical education of the population in the Russian Federation. The main objectives of the PPPP are: preparing people for various types of professional activities through physical education and increasing the level of general and professional working ability.
Modern socio-economic conditions have led to increased competition in the labor market. This provision requires increasing the professional mobility of graduates of higher vocational educational institutions. At the same time, the main ideas of the concept of modernization of education in the Russian Federation require improving the quality of education. This applies to all components of the educational process. PPPP is an effective means of developing the professional competence of future specialists. Its content should be developed by university departments directly responsible for the health and physical fitness of students, and take into account the specifics of the chosen profession as much as possible.

For graduates of legal universities, after graduation, there is an opportunity to work in their main specialty not only in civil organizations (legal bureaus, law offices, etc.), but also in internal affairs bodies. However, in this case, as a rule, a gap arises in the level of professional and applied physical fitness between employees of internal affairs bodies and graduates of law universities. This is due to the fact that the PPFP section is practically not implemented in law universities, although this is required by state standards of higher professional education. Program standards for assessing the level of physical fitness for a number of tests remain unchanged throughout the 3rd-4th courses, and sometimes the entire period of studying the discipline “physical culture”. Moreover, unlike cadets, graduate students lack not only the PPPP section, but also the “physical culture” discipline as a whole. All this leads to a rather sharp decline in the level of physical fitness of graduates. This trend is especially pronounced among girls. At the same time, the influx of girls into various law enforcement agencies, including internal affairs agencies, has increased significantly.

In our opinion, the created contradiction will be resolved by introducing a special course “Professional-applied physical training” for final year students of law universities. This course should take into account the specifics of labor and service activities of both future legal professionals and employees of internal affairs bodies.