Amazing estate located near the Monino Yaroslavskaya station railroad... Now the sanatorium "Monino" is here. We see a small two-story house with two wings on the sides. Its walls are broken by pilasters (semi-columns), window frames are richly decorated. Caricature masks are carved in the key stones. A garden pavilion and guardhouse, located at an angle to the main house, and outbuildings border the front yard. Behind the house there is a "regular" century-old linden park with a rectangular pond. Masonic signs can be seen in the layout of its alleys. The ensemble arose in the 20s of the 18th century, and it is no wonder that the influence of the Italian Baroque is noticeable in the architecture.
The history of the estate began back in the 17th century: at first it was a boyar patrimony, and then it became a monastery property, and generally one of the oldest in the Moscow region.
This estate is one of the oldest in the Moscow region, and it has survived not on paper, not in ruins - but quite in good condition, although, of course, there were many losses.
This estate has a special appeal and even a certain aura of mystery. This is due to its most famous owner, "Russian Faust" Yakov Vilimovich Bruce.
The history of the estate.
First owner. Englishman Stealth and the failed gunpowder business
In March 1710, Peter I bestowed the Glinkovo estate to the English merchant Andrei Stels "... for our Great Emperor a loyal service for him." In 1708, the Obukhovsky plant (Noginsky district), owned by Stealth, firmly took first place in Russia. He supplied 16 thousand poods of gunpowder of the highest standard for the artillery at 18% cheaper than other powder makers. Stealth informs the artillery department that his plant has reserve capacity and may increase production. In response, the artillery department concludes a contract with him for the annual supply of 20 thousand poods of gunpowder, and Peter I issues a decree granting Stealth a monopoly on the production of gunpowder, and the tsar "... does not order gunpowder to be made." The privileges granted allowed the Englishman in 1710 to increase the production of gunpowder to 34,814 poods. However, the disgruntled owners of the gunpowder factories that arose after Peter's decree organize a blockade of their competitor. They buy up all the saltpeter and sulfur (raw materials for making gunpowder), and at the same time inflate the price on them. As a result, by the end of 1711, the Obukhov plant was left without raw materials and was stopped. Not having survived this blow, in January 1712 he died. Attempts by his wife Varvara Stels to restore production were unsuccessful. She sells the plant and leaves with her children to England. In 1717, on behalf of her sister, her brother sold the Glinkovo estate with the villages to Prince Alexei Grigorievich Dolgorukov.
Alexey Dolgoruky
The new owner of the estate, Alexey Dolgoruky, spent most of the time at the estate Gorenki, so this period was not marked by anything particularly remarkable for Glinkovo. After the accession of Peter II, the Dolgoruks acquired more and more power over the emperor. The peak of the Dolgoruky's successes was the betrothal of the young Peter II to the daughter of Alexei Grigorievich Dolgoruky, Catherine at the end of 1729. The wedding ceremony was scheduled for January 19 (30), 1730. However, on January 6 (17), the emperor showed signs of smallpox and on the night of January 19 (30) , the day when the wedding was to take place, he passed away.
During the reign of Peter II the Dolgoruky became the first nobles of Russia. Apparently, at this time of complete unlimited favor, the Glinkovo estate is no longer significant for Alexei Grigorievich and he sells it, along with the villages, to the retired Field Marshal, Count Yakov Vilimovich Bruce.
It is unclear where and how the son of a serving nobleman, in the fourteenth year enrolled in "funny", managed to get such a brilliant education, which allowed him to then master deep knowledge in various fields of science?
Impenetrable to the prying eyes remained his inner world and home life, especially in last years spent in almost hermitic seclusion. ..
Bruce died in 1735, just before he was 66 years old.
How did it come about further destiny homesteads?
In 1756, under Alexander Romanovich Bruce (nephew of Jacob Bruce), the Church of St. John the Evangelist was erected, to which a refectory and a bell tower were added in 1883. In the 1930s, the bell tower was demolished, and the church was thoroughly altered, built into a dormitory.
In the church there was a marble tombstone for the wife of Yakov Willimovich's nephew (he was also not small man, in 1784-1786. - Commander-in-Chief of Moscow and Governor-General of St. Petersburg - since 1784) Praskovya, the work of Martos.
The gravestone of Bryusov was rescued in 1936, transported to the Donskoy Monastery.
To understand how important this sculptural work was, it is enough to remember that the sculpture of Minin and Pozharsky on Red Square is also the work of Ivan Petrovich Martos.
Now the church building, rebuilt beyond recognition, is destroyed, although the altar part is closed and it is claimed that services are being held.
Actually, in 1845, Ekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukaya, who had returned from exile, was given out for the owner of the estate Alexander Bruce, who almost became the wife of Peter II at one time. However, the marriage was short-lived; two years later, Ekaterina Alekseevna died.
Yakov Alexandrovich.
After the death of Alexander the Bruce, Glinka's estate is inherited by his son Yakov. Unlike his famous ancestors, he did not differ in special valor either on the battlefield or in state affairs, and is better known in history not for his merits, but for the adventures of his wife - Paraskovia Alexandrovna Bruce (Brusshe, as her contemporaries called her) - confidants of Empress Catherine II. According to the description of contemporaries, Paraskovya Bruce "... was beautiful, educated, unusually dexterous and intelligent, but did not differ in the severity of her morals." Yakov Aleksandrovich, thanks to his proximity to the court and friendship with Catherine, successfully advanced in his career, reaching the rank of lieutenant general. He was governor in a number of cities, and in 1784-86 - in Moscow. He was known as a cruel, vengeful person, a great formalist and a campaigner who did not disdain the means to achieve his selfish goals. As governor in Moscow, he began the persecution of a group of Moscow enlighteners led by Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov, which ended after Prozorovsky, who held this post after him, with the complete defeat of this group and the imprisonment of Novikov in the Shlisselburg fortress for 15 years.
On the basis of a love rivalry, Catherine quarreled with her favorite and alienated her from the court, forbidding her to live in St. Petersburg. Having moved to Moscow, Bryussha spends most of his time in Glinki, leading a reclusive lifestyle. Here she died at the age of 57.
Ekaterina Yakovlevna In 1791, after the death of his father, Alexander Romanovich Bruce, 15-year-old Catherine remains the only heir to the huge Bruce possessions. According to her father's will, Valentin Platonovich Musin-Pushkin became her guardian. In 1793 he married his son Vasily Valentinovich to Ekaterina Yakovlevna. The family life of the spouses did not work out, there were no children. The husband is a big dandy and a bum, led a high-society lifestyle, lived on a grand scale, burning through his father's and wife's inheritance. Realizing that she was robbed, and family life does not add up, Ekaterina Yakovlevna leaves abroad and initiates a divorce case and the return of her estates. The case dragged on for a long time and, only with the accession to the throne of Paul I, it was decided in favor of the victim, who received in her possession all movable and immovable property inherited from her father.
In 1815, on behalf of the owner of the estate, the Glinka estate with the villages belonging to him was sold. This is how the Bryusov period of the Glinka estate ended, and on Yakov Aleksandrovich Bruce, the Bryusov family in Russia in the male line also ceased.
Usachev... In 1815, Bruce's grand-niece sold the estate to the owner of the Glinkovskaya stationery factory, Ivan Tikhonovich Usachev. He used the estate for the economic needs of his factory. But business did not go, although Usachev even converted the factory into a cotton spinning mill. I had to sell all the production to the Alekseev brothers. But they did not work out either.
In 1862, the factory together with the estate was acquired by the Kolesovs' company. The factory employed 757 workers, it was one of the largest enterprises in the textile industry. But the Kolesovs did not live in the estate, considering it witchcraft, the main house was used as a cotton warehouse. Their "management" caused irreparable damage to her. The park of the estate was richly decorated with sculptures taken out by J.V. Bruce from abroad during his numerous trips on the orders of Peter I. The merchant's wife Glafira Kolesova, a religious fanatic, saw blasphemy and sacrilege in the naked figures of gods and goddesses; she ordered the sculptures to be broken and thrown into the Vorya.
In 1879, the Kolesovs sold the factory together with the estate to the merchant Yakov Lopatin for 200 thousand rubles - fabulous low price... Apparently, the economy was brought to the handle.
Yakov Lopatin
Lopatin energetically begins to put things in order.
But in 1899 misfortune befell him: from a direct lightning strike, the main manor house burned down, along with all the supplies of cotton that were in it. I had to restore everything.
And then the second misfortune: on September 7, 1902, for some unknown reason, the factory burned down to the ground, along with all its contents. Lopatin could not build it again
In 1914, Lopatin sold the Glinka estate with 348 acres of land to the Vyaznikov merchant Malinin. He created a sawmill in the village of Kabanovo, transferring the estate and the plant to his son, who traded in timber, cutting down the timber he had inherited.
In 1918 the estate was nationalized. Not surviving the loss, Malinin's son, according to the recollections of old-timers, committed suicide.
After the revolution some of the manor outbuildings were used as an orphanage and a school. Then an agricultural commune was organized in the estate. In 1934 the People's Commissariat Food Industry took a manor complex for rent for a holiday home. During the war, there was a hospital in the estate, since 1948 - the sanatorium "Monino". In 1972, next to the estate was discovered mineral water, and the sanatorium began to specialize in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
In 1991, a public House-Museum of Ya. V. Bruce was created in the estate and he was given one of the outbuildings. According to information in 2010, the museum is no longer working.
ВFUIMUS ("We were") - this is the motto on Bruce's family coat of arms, which is the best commenting on what we saw in the estate.
There are several other surviving buildings from Bruce's time on the territory: the guardhouse building, the garden pavilion, Bruce's laboratory with niches in which the statues once stood.
And the masks carved from stone on the window frames are still grinning and grimacing.
According to legend, one of them is a portrait of the owner of the estate, "Russian Faust".
Biolocation specialists have recorded many interesting anomalies on the territory, indicating that underground tunnels and rooms exist under the earth.
In general, despite the ruins and some neglect of the estate, it is just wonderful to walk there - clean air and the atmosphere of antiquity and unsolved mysteries.
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Of course, the estate and the sanatorium in it can cause sad feelings, despite the good preservation - there is a smell of wet decay here (the pond is quietly dying). But the greatness of the plan is obvious, although, of course, it loses in scale next to such buildings as Arkhangelskoye or Marfino. It's just the house of a very decent person, even if it's a Scotsman. And thoughts about life, about history, about what to do with the country further, which may arise during walks along the shady alleys, are worth this trip.
Few people know that exactly what
Ten days after April Fool's Day, a special time comes - the Day of All Secrets, April 11.
So called the day that falls on the date of his birth, the Count Saint-Germain himself, famous freemason and the sorcerer
Together with Saint-Germain, another very remarkable person celebrated his birthday - the astrologer, scientist, sorcerer, associate of Peter I - Jacob Bruce.
How to get there: turn to Monino from the Gorkovskoe highway, then through the Losino village - Petrovsky. At the high church, turn at the traffic light, and then turn at the sign "Sanatorium Monino".
By public transport: from the Yaroslavl railway station by train to the Monino station, then by bus number 32 to the Monino sanatorium; from metro Shchelkovskaya by bus # 362 to Monino.
If you have a cycling route, it is useful to read about the road.
Additionally April 12, Shchelkovsky districtYakov Vilimovich Bruce (1670-1735) - Field General, later Count and Field Marshal, an inseparable companion of Peter on his campaigns, and on some travels, settled in Glinki in 1726, where he lived until the end of his life, occasionally visiting Moscow and indulging exclusively in scientific pursuits.
Bruce received an excellent education at home and was especially addicted to the mathematical and natural sciences. Yakov Vilimovich Bruce was undoubtedly the most enlightened of all Peter's companions. While composing and translating works, Bruce supervised the entire printing business in Russia, but his name is best known as the author of the calendar, which first appeared in print in 1709 by the "invention" of Vasily Kipriyanov, and "under the supervision" of Yakov Vilimovich ... Although he subsequently did not publish calendars himself, nevertheless he can rightly be considered the founder of the calendar business in Russia, since he took the main part in compiling them, imitating mainly the German calendars. From him remained, as a monument of his occupations, a library and an office of various "curious things", which at that time was revered as the only one in Russia. Before his death, he bequeathed them to the Kunst-chamber of the Academy of Sciences. The composition of both is very diverse: there are books and maps, about 735 in number, and manuscripts, and tools, and all kinds of rare objects (about 100).
Glinka is the oldest stone noble estate in the Moscow region. The architectural ensemble of Glinki began to form in 1727 - 1735, when Bruce retired and moved to Glinki, granted to him in 1721 for the Peace of Aland with Sweden.
The estate was built in the 20s of the 18th century by a master, unfortunately unknown to us, in the style of palace and park architecture, with features of the European Baroque. The estate is a symmetrically planned residential complex with a utility yard, a regular park with ponds and a garden pavilion. The main courtyard, which has survived to this day, is a strictly sustained rectangular ensemble of buildings oriented to the cardinal points, the main house and three wings. No less interesting than architecture is the park in Glinki with its regular ornamental paths, in terms of forming interesting complex figures in which you can see Masonic signs. Now the territory of the estate is occupied by the sanatorium "Monino". You can enter the territory completely freely through the main entrance. Several years ago, the Bruce Museum was opened in the western wing by the efforts of local ethnographers. Unfortunately, the museum is now experiencing Hard times related to the redistribution of property and does not work.
The main manor house. The loggia in the central part of the facade is magnificent, the lower tier of which is formed by a rusticated arcade, and the upper one - by slender paired columns. The center of the building is marked by a turret lantern, where, most likely, the Bruce Astronomical Observatory was located.
The windows of the lower floor rest on shelves supported by brackets and are encircled on both sides and on top by rusticated stone with triangles protruding at the top.
The window frames on the first floor are endowed with spectacular mascarons. According to legend, masked caricatures of the nobles of that time, opposed to Bruce, are presented.
The garden side of the house was planned in general outline similar to the yard. The columns of the upper loggia collapsed, and an open terrace appeared instead.
The architectural style of the house is continued by other buildings of the estate.
This wing houses the Bruce Museum, which is now closed.
Entrance to the estate
"Bruce's Laboratory" or "Petrovsky House" is a one-story park pavilion, a typical example of the Peter's era.
Pilasters with Corinthian capitals
Semicircular arched niches with shells on the facade, where the statues were previously placed
Wing and guardhouse
Second floor built on
Park alley
Manor pond. According to one of the legends, in the summer on a small pond, Bruce froze the water and skated, and in the winter, on the contrary, he sailed on a boat.
In the distance, one can see the destroyed building of one of the former buildings of the sanatorium. It is hard to imagine that this is the church of St. John the Evangelist in the middle of the 18th century. There will be a separate post about her.
Directions: from the Yaroslavl railway station to the station. Monino, then bus or minibus number 32 to the stop. "Sanatorium Monino".
Glinka's estate after Bruce
After the death of Yakov Vilimovich, his nephew Alexander Romanovich became his heir, who in 1740 also passed the count's title of uncle. Alexander Romanovich retired with the rank of lieutenant general in 1751, and only after that he actually began to visit Glinki and take care of the estate. It was Alexander Romanovich who rebuilt the observatory building into a living room, adding rooms on the second floor as rhizolites, in the place of open areas that served Ya. V. Bruce as an observatory. The only thing that has been preserved from the observatory is an open area on the northern park facade, which looked like a niche until 1934. In Soviet times, when the building was rebuilt into a dormitory for a holiday home, this open area was laid and an extension was made there in the form of a terrace.
On September 2, 1753, Alexander Romanovich Bruce made a petition to the highest name, and on September 22 to the Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory, where it is noted that “in the Moscow district in the Koshelev camp, in my patrimony in the village of Mizinovo, in the Vokhonskaya tithe there is a church in the name of St. John the Apostle. , which began to be dilapidated, the whole bricks are falling and it is dangerous to send divine service ... ".
It must be said that Mizinovo was acquired by Ya.V. Bruce in 1733. According to the well-known researchers V. and G. Kholmogorov, in Mizinovo “a temple was being built at the request of the clerk Mikhail Grigorievich Gulyaev, who bought Mizinovo in 1706–1708”. Since 1710, divine services began in the church, consecrated in the name of the holy apostle and evangelist John the Theologian, with the chapel of the blessed prince Alexander Nevsky.
In his petitions, A. R. Bruce notes that the walls of the temple began to undermine the underground waters, from that the walls became damp, therefore "it is dangerous to send divine service," and asks that he be allowed to dismantle this temple, transport the brick to Glinki and build the same church on the territory of the estate. Mizinovo is located 7.5 kilometers from Glinka (four versts are indicated in the petitions) and the transfer of the parish to such a distance, especially to the central estate, was not unusual. Therefore, in 1754 A.R. Bruce began to move the temple from Mizinov to Glinka. The temple was consecrated in 1756.
The church was small. The altar part was a quadrangle with an area of 100 square meters(10 × 10) with an altar apse, a small refectory, which had two floors with a wooden ceiling. On the second floor of the refectory, there was a warm chapel of the holy noble Prince Alexander Nevsky. The entrance here was from under the bell tower, that is, there was no room under the bell tower. This somewhat set off the room in the refectory. You had to go up to the second floor by the stairs, which were here, in the refectory. In fact, the warm side-chapel was used only in winter time... The refectory was much narrower in size than the main four. It was 9 meters long and 7.5 meters wide.
In 1760 the temple builder died. They buried Alexander Romanovich not far from the temple. His widow Natalya Fedorovna Kolycheva built the building of the tomb, in all likelihood, hoping that it would be a family tomb. But apart from Natalya Feodorovna herself, who died in 1777, no one else was buried in the tomb.
In the same 1777, the wife of Yakov Alexandrovich Bruce, a famous lady of state at the court of Empress Catherine the Great, Praskovya Alexandrovna Rumyantseva-Bruce (1729-1786), settled in Moscow and often visited Glinki. Nearby, on the territory modern city Balashikha, was the family estate of the Rumyantsevs Troitskoye-Kainardzhi, in which her older brother P.A.Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky was buried.
Perhaps, according to the researchers, the lady of state in Glinki led a hermitic lifestyle. but a large number of of the buildings made during these years, shows that up to 1786 there was an active activity. In all likelihood, this is due to the appointment in 1784 of Praskovya Alexandrovna's husband Yakov Alexandrovich Bruce as Governor-General of Moscow, who used the estate as country residence... It is no coincidence that it was during this period that the number of buildings increased from ten in 1767 to thirty-three (21 stone and 12 wooden) by the beginning of the 19th century. Knowing the sad fate of the heiress, it can be assumed that the buildings that came to I.T.Usachev in 1815 were built under Ya. A. Bruce.
P. A. Bruce died in 1786. She was buried in Glinki in the estate church. Husband ordered famous sculptor IP Martos is a tombstone, considered one of his best works. This monument is a five-meter pyramid of gray granite, on which there is a finely executed white marble bas-relief of the Countess. In the foreground, on a stepped pedestal, there is a sarcophagus, to which a warrior, symbolizing the husband of the deceased, fell in a woeful impulse; on the sarcophagus there is a shield and a helmet. The stele is engraved with verses attributed to Ya.A. Bruce:
TO WIFE AND FRIEND
Always grow flowers on this coffin,
The mind is buried in it, beauty is hidden in it.
In this place lies the remnant of a perishable body,
But Bryusov's soul flew up to heaven.
A. Grech wrote about this tombstone as perhaps the best and most mature work of Martos: “... the interior of the temple is, as it were, illuminated by the rays of art from the excellent monument to Countess Praskovya Alexandrovna Bruce ... The historical and artistic significance of this tombstone is enormous. It best expression the scheme of triangular composition, which found its implementation in a number of works by Russian and foreign masters of the 18th - early 19th centuries.
A tall, flat triangle of gray granite serves as the backdrop to the monument, towering on a stepped base. Above is a portrait medallion framed by two bronze laurel branches - the profile of Countess P. And Bruce, clear as an antique cameo. Below, on a slab of reddish granite, rises a sarcophagus faced with lilac marble with yellow bonding heads on it. On the left, a man's figure falls to him in impetuous movement, personifying a husband killed by grief, with his head bowed low on his wrung hands. The face is not visible - and nevertheless, in the back, in the impetuous movement, in the gesture of bent arms, such a drama is manifested, which cannot be achieved by any expression of suffering in the face. This figure of Parian marble and the helmet placed on the lid of the sarcophagus are clearly drawn among the colored granites. Judging by Andreev's drawing, which, by a happy coincidence, ended up in our collection, on the other side of the coffin there was - or was only designed - a smoking antique censer. Bronze coats of arms and inscriptions adorned the monument ... "
Here A.N. Grech also cites the legend about this tombstone, in which, as it should be, the main person involved is our hero:
“A touching legend informs, merging together various historical figures that Earl Bruce, returning from the campaign and learning about the recent death of his wife in his absence, hurried to the church, rushed to the coffin and turned to stone beside him, heartbroken. His figure turned out to be with his back to the altar. Three times they rearranged him, but he again returned to his original position, until the bishop blessed him to leave him in the same position. "
Unfortunately, the fate of the burials and tombstones in Glinki turned out to be tragic. When the church was destroyed in 1934, the tombstone of P. A. Bruce was taken to the Donskoy Monastery. There, in the Church of the Archangel Michael, it stood until 2000. Then it was disassembled in parts, put in boxes and transported to the building of the Museum of Architecture named after AV Shchusev on Vozdvizhenka street, house 5. All these years the boxes have been in the basement of the museum. The very burial of P. A. Bruce was destroyed. As, however, the burials of A.R. Bruce and his wife N.F.Kolycheva were destroyed, and the building of the tomb was dismantled and even the foundation was torn down in 1934. There were no reburials at the estate.
It was at the end of the 18th century that the regular park of the estate was actively used, the only description of which was given by Aleksey Nikolaevich Grech, who visited the estate in the 1920s. He discovered unusual delights in the park “with its regular curly paths, in plan forming interesting complex figures in which one can see Masonic signs. Schematically, the layout of this small French garden boils down to four squares the width of the main house, separated by three wide avenues. The first alley of lindens goes along the slope, as if continuing the line of the guardhouse and the pavilion; the second passes by the rear street facade of the house, the third limits the park from the inside. In the quadrangle in front of the house is inscribed a polygon consisting of century-old lime trees; together with the intersection of the path and the main alley, it forms a figure close to the planetary sign of Venus. The distant quadrangle is occupied by a square reservoir, along the axis of which further, behind the park, there is a church. Two other rectangles to the right of the middle alley are occupied by one star-shaped intersection of the alleys - by the other lawn, where, according to popular belief, there was a gazebo with spontaneously playing music. Perhaps the aeolian harp was installed here by the owner of the estate, as is known, a prominent scholar of his time. One must think that once these two-hundred-year-old lindens, now high-grown, were trimmed and marble statues gleamed white in the walls of greenery, as expected. "
V early XIX century, the estate began to decline, as evidenced by the repeated references cited by A. N. Grech in the “Moskovskie vedomosti” of that time, the announcement of the sale of horses from Glinka's economy.
In 1815, the Kaluga merchant Ivan Tikhonovich Usachev became the owner of Glinka. In 1791, his father acquired from Yakov Aleksandrovich Bruce a plot of land on the Vore River near the village of Glinkovo, where there were two dams that remained from Elizar the Chosen, and part of the buildings from the former tannery of Afanasy Grebenshchikov.
Having repaired the production premises, Usachev in 1796 equipped them with a stationery factory, which produced writing, postage, printing, wallpaper, wrapping, card and other types of paper. This factory was considered one of the best in the Moscow province. At the first Russian exhibition of manufactured goods in 1829, the best grades of its paper were awarded a large silver medal. At subsequent exhibitions, Glinka paper was awarded a gold medal.
In 1853, the Alekseev brothers became the owners of the factory, and in 1854 they were replaced by young heirs, and the factory was practically taken over by the Bogorodskaya Zemstvo Council, although it was registered with the Alekseev Trading House.
In 1862, the factory together with the estate was acquired by the Kolesovs' company. A completely different story of the estate begins.
The park began to turn into a wild forest. During the development of the enterprise, the owner built a new dam on the Vore River. When laying the dam, in view of the fact that it was not possible to find a rubble stone for its foundation, Kolesova ordered to demolish the Bryusov sculptures that adorn the park of the estate and buildings from the pedestals, split them and throw them to the bottom of the river. Apparently, during her reign began the destruction and rebuilding of manor buildings.
Perhaps this was due to the fact that many different legends about Bruce as a sorcerer and warlock were written in the estate and its surroundings, it was then that they began to talk about the estate as a witchcraft place. The deeply religious mistress of the estate took these stories at face value, she never lived in the estate.
At the same time, the number of parishioners of the church increased due to the development of industrial enterprises and surrounding settlements. So, in the statement of the church for 1866, it is indicated that the parish includes 230 courtyards of the villages of Savinskoe, Mityanino, Korpus, Mityanino, Kabanovo, and the number of parishioners is 943 males and 991 females. There were also many donors from among the entrepreneurs who had their factories in the vicinity of Glinki. Suffice it to say that only on the territory of Losina Sloboda, located one verst from the estate, in 50 years - from 1851 to 1900 - 21 textile enterprises were created. Many of the entrepreneurs had relatives in the villages of the parish of St. John the Theological Church.
For several decades, the head of the church of St. John the Theologian was the owner of a silk-weaving factory in the village of Korpusa Vasily Averyanov, who, in all likelihood, initiated the restructuring of the church in the early 1880s.
In 1882, the community appealed to the construction department under the Moscow provincial government of the Bogorodsky district to allow them to make a partial restructuring, "without touching the real Theological Church", to expand the meal "by 7 ? arshin to the right and left sides with the length of both sides being 7 arshins; to demolish the chapel in the name of St. Alexander Nevsky from the present place and place it on the left side of the new meal, on the right to re-arrange the chapel in the name of the Bogolyubsk Icon of the Mother of God, leaving both the bell tower in the same place, having entered the meal, and another temples from under it, from the western side. " The petition also noted that the amount of 17 thousand rubles collected for these works is quite enough.
The Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory gave a positive answer to this request on September 16, 1882.
However, a year later, the restructuring plan was completely changed.
The number of those wishing to help the temple increased, which was reflected in the petition of the rector of the temple and the headman, dated May 13, 1883. In it, the petitioners note that “we asked for such permission, meaning only those funds that we had or could correctly count on, although we understood that the requested expansion of the temple would still not be entirely sufficient for those who visit it.
Now, owing to the desire of some parishioners and having secured their willingness to donate a rather significant amount for this, we dare to bother Your Grace with the most humble request for permission for us to have the following to the previously uninvited:
1. Break the bell tower and attach it to the temple in order to provide more light to those who are praying;
2.In the same views, increase the new refectory church by one in width and two arshins in length, and
3. The chapel, originally intended in honor of the Bogolyubskaya Icon of the Mother of God, is dedicated to the Transfiguration of the Lord. "
As can be seen from the petition, the restructuring plan not only changed dramatically, the name of one of the side-altars also changed. Instead of the proposed chapel in honor of the icon of the Mother of God "Bogolyubskaya", it is now supposed to make a chapel of the Transfiguration of the Lord.
The temple, rebuilt in the Empire style, with the main altar in the name of the Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian and the chapels of the Transfiguration of the Lord and Alexander Nevsky, stood until 1934, until it was rebuilt into a dormitory building of the rest house of the People's Commissariat of the Food Industry created on the territory of the estate.
This building, now better known as building No. 2, was used as a sleeping building for a rest home, a hospital (1941-1945), a sanatorium (1947-1986), now stands in a collapsed state, since the reconstruction of the building begun in 1991 was stopped and the destruction of the building by local residents began. Only in 2006 a community was formed in Glinki, in 2009 a wooden church in the name of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos was consecrated and new story church life at Bruce's estate.
This text is an introductory fragment.Death of Bruce Bruce disappeared through his wife and his disciple: they ruined him. Bruce was old, and his wife was young and beautiful. The student was also old. It was at this time that Bruce invented a medicine ... well, such a composition to remake the old into a young one. And have not tried yet how
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Chapter Five THE ABRAMTSEVO MANOR In the summer of 1875, Valentina Semyonovna and her son arrived in Abramtsevo, in the Mamontov estate near Moscow, which had been almost empty in recent years. This estate, located not far from the Khotkovsky monastery, 57 versts along the Yaroslavl road,
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Chapter I. "THE AZE BIRTH OF GLINKA" On August 22, 1850, Glinka's opera "A Life for the Tsar" was performed on the stage of the Alexandrinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. It was the most ordinary performance, staged during the low season, when the secular audience had not yet returned to the capital from the estates and
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The village of Glinka is located on both banks of the Vorya River at its confluence with the Klyazma. In 1727, this village near Moscow, which at that time was owned by Prince Alexei Grigorievich Dolgorukov, was bought by Count Yakov Vilimovich Bruce (1669-1735) - one of the associates and friends of Peter I, count, senator, president of the Berg and Manufacturing Collegiums, general Field Marshal (after retirement - Field Marshal). Representatives of the noble Scottish clan Bruce (which gave the kings of Scotland and Ireland) settled in Russia in 1649. The elder brother of Yakov Bruce Roman was the first chief commandant of St. Petersburg (Peter and Paul Fortress).
At the age of 17, Jacob Bruce entered the "amusing" army of the young tsar as a private, participated in the Crimean (1687, 1689) and Azov (1695, 1696) campaigns, during the 1689 Streltsy Riot he came to the rescue of Peter in the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Participated in the Grand Embassy (1697-1698), studied mathematics and astronomy in England. In years Northern War Bruce was engaged in the restructuring of Russian artillery, commanded artillery in the Battle of Poltava, for which he received the Order of St. Andrew from the hands of Peter. It is his signature that is the first under the Nishtad Peace Treaty of 1721. Bruce took part in the creation of the Navigation School in Moscow, where, thanks to his efforts, the first observatory in Russia was equipped. Bruce was one of the most educated people, a natural scientist and astronomer, spoke six European languages. Under the successors of Peter I, Bruce, realizing that his time had passed, retired himself, retired, moved to Glinki and created a unique estate there.
The ensemble of the Glinka estate, symmetrically planned, is made in the European Baroque style. Its creation is attributed to the architect P.M. Eropkin, one of the compilers master plan St. Petersburg. Main house with three wings form the front yard. The arched portal of the stone two-story house is rusticated, the window frames of the first floor are decorated with expressive masks. The second floor on both facades is marked with open loggias with paired columns. On the roof is a light wooden turret for Bruce's astronomical observations.
The outbuildings were located symmetrically in relation to the manor house, opposite which a regular park was laid out with a small pond, pavilions and marble park sculpture.
The pavilion, which is now called "Bruce's Laboratory", or "Petrovsky House", is a stone one-story building that has preserved the decoration of the first half of XVIII century. On the sides of the main entrance there are semicircular arched niches for statues, framed by paired pilasters and decorated with graceful rocailles.
After Bruce's death, his library, a collection of "curious things" along with instruments and instruments were taken from the Glinka estate to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The estate was inherited by the nephew of Jacob Bruce, Count Alexander Romanovich Bruce (1704-1760), godson of A.D. Menshikov, married to Princess Yekaterina Alekseevna Dolgorukova, daughter of the former owner of the estate and former bride of Peter II. In the 1750s, he built the church of St. John the Theologian. The temple was consecrated in 1756, in 1787 a family tomb of Bryusov was built with it.
The Bruses owned the Glinka until 1815, after which the estate changed several owners: the merchant Usachev, the landowner Kolesova, who ordered all the naked park sculptures to be thrown into the pond, the merchant Lopatin, who built a paper mill nearby. The remaining marble figures under him were used for the construction of the dam, and the palace building was used as a warehouse for cotton. In 1899, the main house of the estate was damaged by fire. The last owner of the estate was the timber merchant Malinin, who bought it in 1914.
After the revolution, some of the manor buildings were used as an orphanage, a school, and an agricultural commune. Since 1930, the manor complex has been leased to set up a rest house for the People's Commissariat of the Food Industry. The main house was overhauled, the park was put in order, the ponds were cleaned. At the same time, the manor church was rebuilt for the dormitory building of the sanatorium. The gravestones from the Bryusov tomb were transferred to the fund of the branch of the State Museum of Architecture named after A.V. Shchusev in the Donskoy Monastery.
During the war, there was a hospital in the estate. Since 1948 - the rest house of the Monino worsted factory. In 1962, while drilling a well, healing mineral water was discovered, and the Monino sanatorium began to specialize in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In the western wing, thanks to the efforts of local historians, the museum of Y.V. Bruce.
The ensemble was taken under protection as a monument of federal significance.
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Firstly, the Glinka estate is one of the oldest and well-preserved estates near Moscow. And secondly, many mystical stories and stories are associated with this place, thanks to the personality of the most famous owner - Peter the Great's comrade-in-arms, Yakov Willimovich Bruce, whom the local peasants called "a sorcerer".
A paragraph of history
Glinka's estate is one of the oldest in the Moscow region, its architectural ensemble was created from 1727 to 1735 and is associated with the most mysterious associate of Peter the Great - a native of Scotland Yakov Willimovich Bruce, who was popularly nicknamed "sorcerer" or even "warlock".
Yakov Willimovich participated in almost all significant campaigns of the era of Peter the Great, was a great connoisseur of military and engineering affairs, founded the Navigation School (which was located in the Sukharev Tower), was distinguished by great erudition and erudition, knew several European languages, and his famous "cabinet of curious things" added to the Kunstkamera collection. After the death of the first Russian emperor, Count Bruce did not find an application for himself in the service of his successors, with honor he retired with the rank of Field Marshal and retired to the Glinka estate near Moscow. During his life in the estate, Yakov Vilimovich could completely devote himself to his favorite pastimes. For example, he spent a lot of time observing the starry sky, and local peasants passing by, finding him doing such an occupation and not understanding the meaning, composed all sorts of fables about the "sorcerer Bruce."
Many stories are connected with the Glinka estate and its owner, for example, they say that after his death, the count frightened the new owners of the estate, appearing to them in a dream.
What to see
One of distinctive features Glinka estates - this is what Count Bruce, who was engaged in many sciences, converted almost all the rooms into offices in which research activities... All these offices were promulgated by the latest devices for those times, for which Yakov Willimovich spared no expense.
The interior of the manor ensemble was made in the Baroque style.
The outbuildings were located absolutely symmetrically to the main house, and opposite the main entrance there was a park with ponds, gazebos and pavilions. The ceremonial and economic complexes have survived to this day.
The ceremonial complex is actually the main manor house with two wings. The economic complex was rebuilt in the 18th century, and now has no architectural value. The main house is distinguished by restrained solemnity. Window frames with demonic masks on the first floor are interesting. These masks added fuel to the fire of rumors circulating among the peasants about their master.
A small house called Bruce's Laborotoria or Petrovsky House is a one-story park pavilion that has preserved the interiors of Peter the Great's times.
Today the estate is occupied by the Monino sanatorium, and in the western wing there is a museum dedicated to Count Bruce.
Coordinates
Address: Moscow region, Shchelkovsky district, Losino-Petrovsky.
The distance from Moscow is about 50 kilometers, excluding traffic jams, the road will take a little more than an hour(along the Gorky highway). You can get from the Shchelkovsky bus station to Losino-Petrovsky by bus or fixed-route taxi No. 506, and there you can take a taxi to the Monino sanatorium.
