It's no secret that used and discarded tires in landfills pollute the environment. The vastness of the Internet offers to alleviate the current situation with its extraordinary ideas. crafts from old tires.

Belgian artist Vime Delvoye surprises even the most sophisticated audience with his art projects. A few years ago, the artist became interested in tire carving and, as a result, real lace works of art were born, which continue to replenish his collection.

Until quite recently, I did not imagine that it was possible to build furniture from tires that would not be a shame to put in the most sophisticated interior. Such a table on forged legs is an example of this.

Garden furniture made of tires will also not leave you indifferent, much better and more original than garden furniture made of plastic, which strives to fly away with the wind.

And this furniture, made from bicycle tires for sale, will decorate a country house or a city balcony.

An armchair for a high-tech interior in a teenager's room or an art workshop.

Quite easy to manufacture coffee tables with a mirror top.

Is it possible to understand that these bright ottomans covered with fabric once rubbed their sides on the gray tape of the freeway?

In the living room or garage, in the country house or garden, this brutal chair will show that a real man lives here.

I think not many of you assumed that lighting fixtures can be built from tires. This chandelier will be the decoration of some men's biker club.

And this can please a teenager's room.

Quite an unexpected solution for the bathroom.

And of course, summer tires are a great material for playgrounds and, of course, swings. Any man can master such a swing.

It is a pity that our Russian playgrounds do not have such a wonderful climbing wall made of motorcycle tires.

The fence of a country house can be a flower bed at the same time.

Perhaps someone living on a hillock will take note of this original path from a steep slope.

Tires as roof covering.

Ideas for vertical gardening are endless, and perhaps the most common.

In the spring, any owner tries to ennoble and decorate his site. It can be a courtyard of a large house, a summer cottage or a playground. creative ideas and unusual buildings every year surprises us more and more. Skillful craftsmen create beauty from any materials and things. Surely everyone has been familiar with flowerbeds and fences made of tires since childhood. Without limiting their imagination, skilled craftsmen offer many options for crafts from car tires.

Necessary materials for tire crafts

Crafts from tires will easily decorate and refresh any area. Unusual scenery will please the eye, and will not leave any child indifferent. Such crafts can be practical and decorative.

If you have old tires lying around, then spring is just the right time to put them into action. At the preparatory stage, carefully consider all the details and make a list of what you may need in the course of work - this will save a lot of time in the future. You will definitely need:

  • tires (in the amount needed for the idea to be implemented);
  • a knife that will cut tires well;
  • outdoor paints;
  • brushes;
  • screws;
  • screwdriver;
  • plywood;
  • shovel.

Add to this list according to your request, because your imagination is not limited.

Practical country crafts from car tires

The summer cottage perfectly reflects the face of its owner. It is at the dacha that a person, with his work and care, creates an unforgettable and unique corner of relaxation. Not always and not everyone has the financial opportunity to purchase finished products for a summer residence. Also, not everyone has the desire to do this when there is an opportunity to try themselves in a new kind of creativity.

Tire ottoman

For this product you will need: tire, hemp or jute rope, two circles of plywood, self-tapping screws, varnish, glue. As well as a set of tools: drill, scissors, brush.

  • circles of plywood in diameter must match the tire;
  • we lay plywood circles on the tire and make holes with a drill;
  • we screw the screws into the holes created, thereby fixing the plywood on the tire;
  • do this on both sides;
  • then we decorate the workpiece, for this we need a rope and glue. We start gluing the rope from the center of the plywood. We glue the rope in a circle, gradually gluing the plywood, the tire, and then, having reached the second side of the plywood, we cut the rope and glue it. We begin to glue the second side of the plywood, too, from the center;
  • since the pouf will be used outdoors, it should be protected. Varnishing will help with this;
  • when the varnish dries, the pouf will be ready for use.

Flowerbeds from tires

If your acquaintance with tire products has just begun, then it is better to give preference to simple options. For example, you can make a small flower bed in the form of a flower:

  • take 4 tires;
  • Cut 3 of them in half (to make halves). It is better to cut such material with a shoe knife or a jigsaw;
  • paint all tires. For this, a brush or spray can be used. Choose a color that will be combined with future plants in the flower bed;
  • lay the tire halves in the form of petals, fill with prepared soil;
  • place the whole tire in the middle of the flower and also fill it with soil.

Another simple version of a flower bed made of tires is a pyramidal flower bed:

  • take 5 tires (more if you wish);
  • paint all tires in the desired color;
  • in two tires, attach a round sheet of plywood on one side, thus organizing the bottom. Make a few holes in this bottom;
  • lay 3 tires in a row and fill with soil,
  • at the intersections of the tires, install 2 tires with a bottom on top and also cover with soil.

A flower bed can also be suspended:

  • think about what the bottom of your flower bed will be like. This can be a plywood bottom, a rubber bottom, or you can do without it if you install a planter in the flower bed itself;
  • fasten a strong metal chain to the tire (a rope or a thick cord will also work);
  • paint the tire in the chosen color;
  • when it is completely dry, install it in a pre-prepared place.

Country paths

Another option for using tires in a summer cottage is to create a track from them. If you have always thought about the need to build a track and put it off due to the laboriousness or financial costs, then this is your option:

  • Use a sharp knife to separate the tire tread from the sidewalls. To facilitate this task, do not forget to periodically lubricate the knife with soapy water, and also be extremely careful;
  • the resulting element of the treadmill from the tire must also be cut to make a kind of rubber band;
  • do this work with the number of tires that you need to create a track;
  • the width of the track is determined independently by the owner, but usually it is 3-4 tires wide;
  • be sure to level the area for the track: remove the top layer of earth, and fill in its place with fine gravel or a thin layer of concrete. After that, you can spread rubber tracks;
  • Another option for laying a rubber track: nail the rubber blanks to the boards, lay the boards like a track.

Ladder track - one of the options for summer use of tires:

  • you will need whole tires;
  • lay the tires on the ground, starting from the bottom level;
  • laying out the tires, deepen them a little into the ground;
  • pour the filler inside the lined tires. Natural soil is suitable for this;
  • to prevent slipping in wet weather, sprinkle the finished ladder with gravel.

Tire pool

A small pond on your site can be made without special financial costs, you can use car tires. Tires of any size are suitable for a small decorative pond, but if you want to make a kind of pool in which you can dip, then it is better to use tractor tires.

  • prepare the main material: a bag of cement, sand;
  • select the area where the pool will be located. Clean it, remove the top layer of earth to clay. Top with a sandy “cushion”, and then with cement. To do this, you will need about two buckets of cement, its layer must be at least 20 cm;
  • cut off the upper part of the tire with a knife to the tread, leaving a small edging;
  • from the bottom we also cut off a little rubber so that the bottom is smooth;
  • in order to avoid the pool from leaking when the rubber is displaced, fill its bottom with molten tar;
  • after that, lay a film on the bottom (this can be purchased at hardware stores) and carefully fill the pool with water;
  • then give the outside of the pool an aesthetic look. You can use anything: brickwork, decorative plaster, painting.

Decorative decorations of the site from tires

Decor elements for your summer cottage can be made with your own hands, using old car tires for this. unusual figures, fairy-tale heroes, swings, sandboxes - all this will become a highlight of your yard and a favorite place for children.

Tire swing

  • prepare the necessary materials: a strong branch, a sharp knife and a jigsaw, a chain or a strong rope, a tire;
  • tie the end of the rope into a loop, making the knots strong;
  • throw the loop over the branch, pass the rest of the rope through it and tighten;
  • put the tire perpendicular to the ground;
  • pass the rope through the tire and attach it at a height of 80-90 cm from the ground.

Sandbox

Sandbox from one (large) tire:

  • prepare the selected area, dig a small depression - in diameter it should not be larger than the diameter of the tire;
  • cut the top of the tire so that it is free;
  • cut edges must be processed, it is better to do this with a cut rubber hose;
  • then color the sandbox to your liking;
  • after the paint has dried, you can install the tire and fill it with sand;
  • an additional element of such a sandbox can be an umbrella or a visor in the center of the sandbox to create a shadow.

garden figures

A palm tree made of tires will become an original and fresh decoration of your site:

  • flatten the tire by cutting it with a sharp knife or jigsaw;
  • then, on the prepared rubber, draw the outlines of palm branches with a contrasting pencil;
  • then cut rubber palm branches with a jigsaw;
  • paint green;
  • Attach the finished leaves with nails to outdated tree trunks.

  • we begin work with the marking of the tire;
  • from the middle of the tire we outline the neck, from the sidewalls - the wings;
  • cut out the wings and neck so that the lower part of the tire remains intact;
  • we bend the cut parts of the neck and wings and give them the desired look. To do this, you can use metal rods;
  • we paint the finished product in the colors of a swan.

Sun:

  • on both sides of the tire we nail cut out plywood circles;
  • we prepare the site for installation, we pull out a small recess, a third of the height of the tire should enter;
  • install the tire in the recess and dig in;
  • paint the tire yellow, it will be original to draw eyes, mouth, nose on the face of the sun;
  • when the tire is dry, proceed to the installation of the rays. Any plastic bottles can be used as rays - we glue them around the entire rim;
  • after that we paint the rays with yellow paint.

It is important to keep a few simple rules when working with tires:

  • accuracy when working with a knife and sharp tools;
  • apply the paint on clean tires, previously degreased;
  • let the paint dry well;
  • foreign tires have thinner rubber, so it will be easier to work with them.

There are an incredible amount of options for landscaping with tires, but the main source is your imagination. You may not have so many ideas right now, but in the course of creativity, they will certainly appear.

Text: Ekaterina Khvorova | 2014-04-01 | Photo: Aliapur | 22071

One of the important issues in improving urban ecology or designing new eco-cities is the efficient disposal of car tires. Currently, there is a fairly diverse list of ways to do this.

In contact with

Classmates

End-of-life car tires are quite serious ecological problem. Even in Russia, from January 1, 2012, a national standard began to operate that establishes requirements for the environmentally friendly disposal of used tires (GOST R 54095-2010). According to the information given in the text of the document, the global reserves of used tires are estimated at 25 million tons, and the annual increase in used tires is at least 7 million tons (10.5 billion pieces), of which about 30% are in European countries. . Only 23% of used tires are used in the future, including through export to other countries, incineration, grinding, etc. The remaining 77% is simply buried or stored in landfills, mainly due to the lack of a cost-effective disposal method.

But experts believe that the disposal of used tires should be used only in the absence of economically viable alternatives. It often becomes profitable to dispose or recycle tires only in the face of harsh environmental standards and penalties for mishandling such “waste”, or in the face of government financial support. At the same time, tire recycling projects will be economically much more attractive if the next stage of processing is included in the process - that is, if we mean getting crumb rubber, then not only and not so much for sale, but for the production of our own products of the second processing stage, which is in demand and has enough high cost On the market.

From the point of view of storing used tires in landfills or landfills (whether intended exclusively for used tires or mixed with other waste), there is a high risk of ignition. Worn tires are a source of long-term pollution environment, as they are not biodegradable and serve as sources of infectious diseases. Therefore, during burial, tires are crushed into squares of 100 cm 2 and laid at an angle in layers 1-2 m high; each such layer is sprinkled with earth 20-25 cm thick. A layer of turf 30 cm thick is applied over the entire burial area.

In some countries, the disposal of tires that have completed their life cycle is prohibited. In Germany, Japan and the Scandinavian countries, the level of recycling of used tires is approaching 100%, the average for the EU is 82%; in other countries - only 10-15%.

A small part of used tires is used without any processing - to strengthen the coast, create artificial reefs, erosion barriers, breakwaters and breakwaters, to protect ships from impacts during mooring, create shock barriers on roads, shock-absorbing fences, flower beds, etc. In construction, tires filled with cement are used to create the foundation of foundations.

Most of the used tires are disposed of by incineration (in France - 18%, Great Britain - 30%, Germany - 50%, Japan - 70%). The rest are either restored, or crushed into crumbs, or decomposed chemically.

Tire refurbishment can be done in two ways. The first, used only for truck tires, is regrooving the tread. The possibility of such restoration of a cargo tire is associated with its high margin of safety - the tire carcass guarantees its service life, up to 6 times longer than the life of the tread tread. The second method, which can be applied to all types of tires, is the application of a new tread with a partial addition of crumb rubber. This method is economical, since not all components of a car tire are restored, but only the tread. Applying a new tread allows you to reuse the tire by 80%. However, tires can only be retreaded this way a limited number of times. In addition, it is advisable to restore only high-quality tires with a solid base. Retreaded tires are a well developed industry in OECD countries. But in Russian conditions, full tire retreading is cost-effective only for premium tires. If we consider the technologies for restoring worn tires, then we can distinguish between hot (welding) and cold methods. hot way recovery involves cutting and hot vulcanization of a special smooth tape with a parallel application of a tread pattern. For cold vulcanization, tapes with a pre-printed pattern are used, which are stretched on a special machine and put on a prepared breaker. There is also a method involving gluing a tire cleaned from the old tread and a new tread, followed by vulcanization. Subsequently, the retreaded tires again become unusable, which again leads to the problem of their recycling.

The method of recycling car tires by burning them is considered to be quite effective due to their high thermal potential. So, the heat of combustion of 1 ton of used tires is equivalent to the heat of combustion of 1 ton of quality coal or 0.7 tons of liquid fuel. At the same time, you can burn both crumb rubber and whole tires. Incineration of whole old tires often takes place in cement kilns or in thermal power plants. Recently, this practice has become less common: in the cement industry, the number of tires used as fuel is technologically limited, since the steel contained in the tires stains the material and negatively affects the quality of cement, and burning tires at thermal power plants has become unprofitable due to increased fines due to environmental dangers of such use. The burning of crumb rubber also poses a significant environmental hazard, since a lot of harmful substances are released into the atmosphere. However, in the US, for example, most pulp mills operate on crumb rubber. But, perhaps, the main argument "against" is the fact that the burning of used tires destroys the chemically valuable substances contained in the tire material, and which can be obtained by other methods of processing. Some compromise is the use of crumb rubber as additives to the main fuel - usually in the region of 10-15%.

The main components of car tires are materials such as rubber (about 71%), metal threads and wire (21%), textile cord (8%). These are valuable materials, which, especially in conditions of depletion of natural resources, are at least not reasonable to throw away or bury in the ground. Rubber isolated from tires is used in the construction and manufacture of a wide range of rubber products. Textile cord is used as a raw material for the manufacture of heat and sound insulating materials, for plugging wells during drilling, as a reinforcing filler in the manufacture of composite elastomeric materials. Metal cord is used as a raw material for the manufacture of steel and reinforcing filler for building and road structures.

There are several well-known methods for separating used tires into their valuable components.

The most traditional and customary way to dispose of tires is their grinding to obtain crumb rubber of varying degrees of dispersion. There are a large number of variations of this technology, but they all have one common feature– the components of the tire (rubber and reinforcing materials) do not undergo physical and chemical changes and retain their structure.

Tire shredding, as a rule, does not require complex technology and equipment, which indicates the cost-effectiveness of this method. The shredded rubber is divided depending on the size of the crumb and is further used in the production of new tires, in the construction of roads, in the creation of special sports surfaces, roof coverings, and decorative tiles. One of the problems of further use of crumb rubber is the different quality requirements of subsequent consumers. Thus, the use of rubber crumb to create new rubber products requires its complete purification from the metals contained in the tire carcass. Therefore, there is a need to complicate the technological process of separating tires into components. Good results in the separation of rubber from steel cord can be achieved in various ways, for example, separation in an electromagnetic field. Ultimately, the price of the resulting crumbs rises, which does not always suit the potential consumer. Similar problems arise when using rubber crumb in the construction industry (road surfaces and insulating materials). To obtain a homogeneous product with the required properties, it is necessary to select a recipe based on the qualitative characteristics of all constituent materials. However, the rubber crumb obtained from different batches of raw materials will vary significantly in composition, since it is difficult to feed a batch of tires of only a certain type and one manufacturer for grinding. Significantly better results are achieved when using crumbs in the production of paving slabs, coatings for sports arenas, rugs and roofing.

One type of tire cutting technology is low-temperature crushing. With the help of liquid nitrogen or refrigerators, tires are cooled to a temperature of about -60 degrees Celsius, after which they are sent for cutting. The processing of brittle rubber significantly reduces the energy consumption for crushing, improves the separation of metal and textile from rubber, and increases rubber yield. On the other hand, cooling also requires significant energy costs.

Another approach using cryogenic technologies is of great interest. Tires are frozen to a temperature of -110-120 degrees, after which they are subjected to explosive circulation grinding in a special chamber. Explosion technology is very cheap because it does not require a cutting tool and is not associated with an expensive service. The crushing action of the explosion simultaneously acts as a cutting tool and an energy carrier. Under the action of the explosion, the cooled tire expands 3-4 times, retaining its integrity, and only then does its material break down into tiny fragments. This effect is due to the fact that during the explosion high deformation rates of frozen tires are realized, leading to their destruction. The parameters of the crushing action of the explosion are very high and sufficient to destroy any existing types and types of tires. At the same time, the metal cord remains intact, and the rubber crumb simply crumbles from it. This technology was developed by the domestic company Explotex, for which it was awarded the Government Prize in 2007. Russian Federation. Built in 2004 on the basis of explosive circulating grinding, the tire recycling plant operates in Vladimir region, in the town of Raduzhny. The technology is patented in 45 countries around the world.

Another promising technology for crushing tires is their processing by passing ozone (cutting with an ozone knife), under the influence of which the tire crumbles into small crumbs and is separated from the metal and textile cord. The technology was introduced in 2000 by Russian scientists from the Troitsk Technological Laboratory participating in the OK-Technology project. The technology is quite economical and environmentally friendly, since ozone oxidizes all formed harmful emissions. This method recycling of tires was awarded the gold medal of the 26th International Salon of Inventions, held in the spring of 2000 in Geneva. In addition to the Russians, the American OK Tech Inc., which holds patents for OK technology and carries out licensing activities, and the British OK Tech Alliance Ltd., which designs and supplies recycling lines for used tires using OK technology, are participating in the project.

Finally, crumb rubber can also be obtained with the help of pressure. The technology is based on the phenomenon of "pseudo-liquefaction" of rubber at high pressures and its flow through the holes of a special chamber. At the same time, rubber and textile cord are separated from the metal cord and bead rings, crushed and exit the holes in the form of primary rubber-fabric crumb, which is subjected to further processing: regrinding and separation. The metal cord is removed from the chamber in the form of a compressed briquette. The developer of this technology is also a Russian company - the Perm State Research and Production Enterprise Kord-ex. The technology was introduced at the Astor enterprise (Perm), protected by patents and also received a number of awards.

The next group of tire recycling technologies involves partial destruction spatial structure rubber and rubber - for example, the technology of dissolving the rubber of used tires in a solution based on organic compounds. The resulting suspension can later be used to create rubber products with partial use of the processed product. The main disadvantage of this technology is its high energy and capital intensity, and, consequently, high cost. In the domestic industry, three main methods were used to obtain rubber regenerate - a plastic material that can be vulcanized when vulcanizing agents are added to it and partially replace rubber in the composition of rubber compounds: steam (about 15%), water-neutral (40%) and thermomechanical (45%). Regardless of the regeneration method, rubber products (mainly car tires) first undergo preparatory operations for sorting and grinding. In the steam method, crumb rubber is mixed with softeners and treated in a devulcanization boiler with live steam under a pressure of 1.0 MPa at a temperature of 180 degrees for 708 hours. The resulting devulcanizate is filtered, homogenized and plasticized. The main disadvantage of the steam method is the production of a non-uniform degree of plasticity of the regenerate due to the lack of mixing of the devulcanized mass. Significantly better quality regenerate is obtained by the water-neutral method. The process of devulcanization of de-woven rubber is carried out in vertical autoclaves equipped with agitators in an aqueous emulsion of softeners at 180 degrees for 5-8 hours. At the end of the devulcanization process, the content is transferred under slight pressure to a buffer tank, from where it enters a mesh drum to separate from water. Further mechanical treatment of the devulcanizate to obtain a regenerate is carried out similarly to the steam treatment. Technically, the most advanced method of rubber regeneration is the thermomechanical method, which can significantly accelerate technological process. In the production of regenerate by the thermomechanical method, the detextured rubber crumb is continuously mixed with softeners and passed through a worm devulcanizer at a temperature of 140-210 degrees, followed by processing on refining rollers. The regenerate produced in this way is more homogeneous and plastic than the regenerate obtained by the water-neutral method.

In our country, such regenerate production methods as the dispersion method and the radiation method are also used. The despirization method consists in the mechanical grinding of rubber to a finely dispersed state in an aqueous medium. The process is carried out in the presence of devulcanization activators and surfactants at a low temperature (40-60 C), which prevents the growth of oxidative processes and significant changes in the rubber components of rubber during regeneration. The radiation method can be used to regenerate rubber based on butyl rubber. In the future, the regenerate can be used in the production of rubber products (hoses, gaskets, etc.), automotive parts and products, railway sleepers and rail pads, mixed and dynamic thermoplastic elastomers (raw materials for the production of shoe soles, cable insulation, parts of electrical appliances, roofing, waterproofing, sealing materials, etc.).

Finally, there are technologies that lead to the complete destruction of the rubber component. In addition to direct combustion, they also include pyrolysis - the thermal decomposition of tires carried out without access to air into several fractions of hydrocarbons and a residue in the form of soot. Carbon black is reused in the production of tires, as well as in the production of rubber compounds. Hydrocarbons (most often fuel oil) are used as fuel. This method of processing not only requires complex, expensive equipment, but is very energy-consuming. At the same time, pyrolysis meets European standards and is considered environmentally friendly. Tire recycling through pyrolysis makes it possible to obtain energy carriers and not pollute the atmosphere as much as it does when burned. But the resulting products are of rather low quality and cannot be freely sold on the market.

Photo provided by ©Aliapur, also used photo from yonghoji.com

SECOND LIFE OF A CAR TIRE

research project

Yalalov Andrey,

4-A class, MBOU "Secondary School No. 14",

Nizhnevartovsk, KhMAO-Yugra

Supervisor: Maksimenko Oksana Nikolaevna,

teacher primary school,

MBOU "Secondary School No. 14",

Nizhnevartovsk, KhMAO-Yugra

Table of contents

    Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………2 - 3

    Main part.

    theoretical

    1. The history of the appearance of car tires……………………………………………..3 - 4

2. Practical part.

2.1. Questionnaires for children and adultsfor availability and storage

used car tires…………………………………………………………………… .................................5 - 6

2.2. experiment 1 – proving that used car tires cannot be used to decorate playgrounds and summer cottages………………………………………………………………….. 6 - 7

2.3. experiment 2 -proving that you can not use used car tires to decorate the flower beds of the city and suburban areas…………………………………………………………………………………………..7 2.4. experiment 3 - proving that crumb rubber from tires attracts spilled oil……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 - 8 2.5. experiment 4 – prove that it is possible to use car tires for the benefit of humans and without harm to the environment………………………………………………………………8-9

III. Final part

1. Conclusions of the study…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10-11

IV. References………………………………………………………………………………………………12

I Introduction

Relevance

In the summer, with my parents, we went to the lake to relax. On the way, I noticed a huge dump of car tires. Dad explained to me that these were used tires, that they could no longer be used and that they were taken to the landfill, where they were stored.

There are a lot of cars in the city, and every year there are even more of them. From the Internet, I learned that about 16,000 used tires are produced in the city every year. They cannot be burned due to the fact that toxic components are released into the atmosphere, and for burial in the ground a large number tires require significant areas and considerable financial costs. What awaits us in the future? Environmentalists argue that such dumps are harmful to the city and insist on their destruction. What can people do, and what contribution can I make to make the ecology of our city cleaner?

Hypothesis

If you find a use for worn tires, then the ecological situation in the city will improve, the city will become more attractive, and the level of its improvement will increase.

Target: study the properties of used tires and find a use for them that does not harm humans.

Research objectives:

    Learn about the history of automobile tires.

    To study the availability and storage of used car tires in the families of classmates.

    Investigate the properties of used car tires (useful and harmful to humans and the environment).

    Present your research to students, teachers and parents of the school.

Object of study: used car tires.

Subject of study: properties of a used car tire.

Research methods: study of literature, questioning,analysis, experiment (photo-fixation), observation, comparison, generalization.

The study took place in severalstages:

Stage 1 (October) - studying the history of the appearance of a car tire from literature and the Internet;

Stage 2 (November) - conducting a survey among children and adults about the presence of a car in their family and the storage and use of old car tires.

Stage 3 (December, January) - study of the properties of used car tires (useful and harmful to humans and the environment).

Stage 4 (February) - presentation of the study to teachers, students and parents of the school.

II . Main part

1.Practical part

    1. From the history of tires

Car tire one of the most important elements

"Humanity and its global problems" - back. 2. Ecological problem. demographic problem. Solutions Pursuing a well-thought-out demographic policy. 3. Demographic problem. Ecological statistics of Russia. 5. Fuel and raw materials problem. The problem of disarmament. Global problems of mankind. Pollution of the environment with oil products.

"Global human problems" - Demographic problem. Consequences nuclear explosion. On this moment, in the world, most of the hungry are the people of Africa. Food problem. Interpretation of the concept. problem of the oceans. Raw material problem. Use prevention. An electromagnetic pulse disables electrical and electronic equipment, disrupts radio communications.

"Global problems in the modern world" - The concept of "global problems". 3 world-death of mankind. XX century - 2 world wars. Problem! Values ​​and controversy modern world. Exit. Problems of war and peace in modern conditions. Scientific and technological progress and ecological alternative. C. Fourier. -The rapid growth of the population in the South, -the policy of the North - "The South is a raw material appendage."

"Global problems of the modern world" - Global problems of our time. Prepared by the history teacher of the MAOU "GYMNASIUM No. 1" Dorokhova E.M. Essence, features, causes global problems. Demographic problem: Hiroshima after the nuclear explosion. They require the collective efforts of the world community. Extinction of animals. The accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is progressing.

"Problems of Humanity 1" - Humanity, taken as a whole, becomes a powerful geological force. Air pollution. It is now generally accepted that industrial production pollutes the air the most. Pollution control. Mercury pollution significantly reduces primary productivity sea ​​waters. The thinning of the ozone layer can lead to serious consequences for humanity.

"Global problems of ecology" - Determination of the relationship of environmental science with chemical science. Burn. Recycle. What problems are considered global? Chemistry and ecology. What is the place of ecology in the system of sciences? Ecology is seen as component Biology. Consider an example. Features of the modern ecological crisis.

In total there are 29 presentations in the topic